Entente sur les terrains de Resolu à Iroquois Falls (en anglais)
An observatory for gamma rays In the MeV/GeV domain h ps ... · =Tracker - Double sided Si strip...
Transcript of An observatory for gamma rays In the MeV/GeV domain h ps ... · =Tracker - Double sided Si strip...
AlessandroDeAngelisINFN&INAFPadova,Univ.Udine,LIP/ISTLisboaPadova,February28,2017
AnobservatoryforgammaraysIntheMeV/GeVdomain
h�p://eastrogam.iaps.inaf.it
h�ps://arxiv.org/abs/1611.02232(Exp.Astronomy,inpress)
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TheMeV/GeVdomain
Worstcoveredpartoftheelectromagne�cspectrum(onlyafewtensofsteadysourcesdetectedsofarbetween0.2and30MeV)
Manyobjectshavetheirpeakemissivityinthisrange(GRBs,blazars,pulsars...) Bindingenergiesofatomicnucleifallinthisrange,whichthereforeisasimportant
forHEastronomyasop�calastronomyisforphenomenarelatedtoatomicphysics
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SPI
IBIS-ISGRI
IBIS-PICsIT
JEM-X
COMPTEL
EGRET
CTA North
CTA South
Fermi-LAT
LHAASO
HiSCORE
MAGIC VERITAS
Energy (MeV)
Sens
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/HESS
Thislackofdatareflectesintouncertain�esintheglobalphotonflux
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4CTA Athena E-ELT JWST ALMA SKA
eLISA -- Gravitational waves
Km3Net/IceCube-Gen2 - νν
e-ASTROGAM
Coresciencemo�va�on(willbeexploredindetailduringthisworkshop)
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1. ProcessesattheheartoftheextremeUniverse(AGNs,GRBs,microquasars):prospectsfortheAstronomyofthe2030s Mul�-wavelength,mul�-messengercoverage
ofthesky(withCTA,SKA,eLISA,νdetectors...),withspecialfocusontransientphenomena
2.Theoriginofhigh-energypar�clesandimpactongalaxyevolu�on,fromcosmicraystoan�ma�er3.NucleosynthesisandthechemicalenrichmentofourGalaxy
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SPI
IBIS-ISGRI
IBIS-PICsIT
JEM-X
COMPTEL
EGRET
CTA North
CTA South
Fermi-LAT
LHAASO
HiSCORE
MAGIC VERITAS
Energy (MeV)
Sens
itivi
ty (e
rg cm
-2 s-1
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e-ASTROGAMscien�ficrequirements(seeVincent)1. Achieveasensi�vitybe�erthanthatofINTEGRAL/CGRO/COMPTELbyafactorof
20-50-100intherange0.2-30MeV2. Fullyexploitgamma-raypolariza�onforbothtransientandsteadysources3. Improvesignificantlytheangularresolu�on(toreach,e.g.,∼10’at1GeV)4. Achieveaverylargefieldofview(∼2.5sr)⇒efficientmonitoringoftheγ-raysky5. Enablesub-millisecondtriggerandalertcapabilityfortransients
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Tracker-DoublesidedSistripdetectors(DSSDs)forexcellentspectralresolu�onandfine3-Dposi�onresolu�on(1m2,500µmthick,0.3Xointotal) Calorimeter -High-Zmaterialforanefficientabsorp�onofthesca�eredphoton⇒CsI(Tl)scin�lla�oncrystalsreadoutbySidri�detectorsorphotomul�pliersforbestenergyresolu�on.8cm(4.3Xo) An�coincidencedetectortovetocharged-par�cleinducedbackground⇒plas�cscin�llatorsreadoutbySiphotomul�pliers
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γSilicon tracker
Scintillator calorimeter
Plastic anti-coincidence detector
γ
e+ e-
Pair event Compton event
HowtomeasuregammaraysintheMeV-GeV?
BestPSFinMeV-GeV– Resolvesources
CalorimetricmeasurementsofMeVlineswithhighresolu�on:– Positrondetec�on(511keVline)– Measurementsofisotopiccontents,withhighestsensi�vity– HadroniccollisionsofLECRwithmolecularclouds
Capabilityofmeasuringpolariza�on(marksComptoninterac�onsatthesourcesandmagne�cfields) SEDresolu�onintheMeV/GeVrange:allowsto
reconstructthe“pionbump”,characteris�cofthedecayπο -> γγ andthusanindicatorofhadronicprocesses
Keyinstrumentcharacteris�cs:asummary
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PKS 2149-306 (z = 2.345) Howdoestheaccre�ondisk/jettransi�onoccuraroundsupermassiveblackholesinAGN?
AreBLLacssourcesofUHECRsandhigh-energyneutrinos?
Launchofultra-rela�vis�cjetsinGRBs?Ejectacomposi�on,radia�onprocesses?
Canshort-dura�onGRBsbeunequivocallyassociatedtogravita�onalwavesignals?
ü Withitswidefieldofview,unprecedentedsensi�vityoveralargespectralband,andexcep�onalcapacityforpolarimetry,e-ASTROGAMwillgiveaccesstoavarietyofextremetransientphenomena
e-ASTROGAMcoresciencetopic#1
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Gamma-raybursts;thenewAstronomy Thresholdat30keVusingtheCalorimeter 200GRB/yeardetected
– Localizedwithin0.1-1deg,andtheinforma�oncanbeprocessedonboard
– 42GRBs/yearwithadetectablepolariza�onfrac�onof20%
Possibledetec�onofelectromagne�ccounterpartsofimpulsiveGWevents– MeVlikelytobethethreshold(Patricellietal.2016)– Possibleassocia�onsGRB/GW
MeVgoodtargetalsoforthecounterpartsofneutrinobursts
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Whataretheenergydistribu�onsandfluxesofCRsproducedinsupernovaremnantsandpropaga�ngintheinterstellarmedium?
Whatistheroleoflow-energyCRs?
WhataretheoriginsoftheFermiBubblesandthe511keVemissionfromtheGalaxy’sbulge?
ü e-ASTROGAMwillenableadetailedspectro-imagingofthevarioushigh-energycomponents,thankstoitssensi�vityandangularresolu�onintheMeV-GeVrangesignificantlyimprovedoverpreviousmissions
e-ASTROGAMcoresciencetopic#2
An�ma�erandDarkMa�er Uniquesensi�vitytothe511-keVline Sensi�vitytomanyclassicalpositronsources:canconstrainthe
contribu�onfromnearbypulsarsinthepositronexcessseenbyPAMELA/AMS-02
TheMeVregionisthemissingingredienttodeterminethephotonbackgroundfromtheInnerGalaxy:clarifyifthereisaphotonexcess(whichmightbeduetoDM,newpar�cles)
TheMeVregioniswherethebulkofphotonsfromWIMPsbelow100GeVisexpected
Insomemodels,MeVdarkma�er– PlusAxions,ALPs:
Sensi�vitytophotonsemi�edbySNe(Meyeretal.2016) Sensi�vitytophoton/ALPoscilla�ons(Roncadellietal.2011;Hooperetal.2009)
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He−DetonationMerger DetonationPulsating Delayed DetonationSuperluminous He−DetonationSPI DataSPI Exposure
e-ASTROGAM
SN 2014J
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Howdothermonuclearandcore-collapseSNeexplode?Howarecosmicisotopescreatedinstarsanddistributedintheinterstellarmedium?
missions,e-ASTROGAMshouldallowustofinallyunderstandtheprogenitorsystem(s)andexplosionmechanism(s)ofTypeIaSNe(56Ni,56Co),thedynamicsofcorecollapseinmassivestarexplosions(56Co,57Co),andthehistoryofrecentSNeintheMilkyWay(44Ti,60Fe...)
ü Witharemarkableimprovementinγγ-raylinesensi�vityoverprevious
(adapted from Diehl et al. 2015)
e-ASTROGAMcoresciencetopic#3(today)
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3FGL catalog
Energy (MeV)
E2 × d
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E (e
rg c
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Over2/3ofthe3033sourcesfromthe3rdFermiLATCatalog(3FGL)havepower-lawspectra(Eγ>100MeV)steeperthanEγ
-2,implyingthattheirpeakenergyoutputisbelow100MeV
Theseincludesabout1100(candidate)blazarsandmorethan720unassociatedsources
Mostofthesesourceswillbedetectedbye-ASTROGAM⇒largediscoveryspacefornewsourcesandsourceclasses
e-ASTROGAMdiscoveryspace
DiffuseGalac�cgamma-raybackground Pulsarsandmillisecondpulsarsbothisolatedandinbinaries,
whose(pulsedorunpulsed)emissionwillbeobservableinaspectralrangerichininforma�ontodiscriminatebetweendifferentpar�cleaccelera�onmodels
PWNe,forwhiche-ASTROGAMwillobtaincrucialdataonpar�cleaccelera�onandpropaga�on
Magnetars Galac�ccompactbinaries,includingNSandBHswhose
spectraltransi�onsandoutburstswillbemonitored Interstellarshocks Propaga�onovercosmologicaldistances(LIV,ALPs,…) Novae Solarflaresandterrestrialgamma-rayflashes
e-ASTROGAMObservatoryscience
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SolarSystemSupermassiveBlackHoles
RadioGalaxiesBlazarsFSRQs
BLLacs Other/Unknown RadioLobesCentralEngine
SgrA*
Uniden�fiedSolarFlares
Terrestrialγ-RayFlashes Gamma-RaySourceClassesGamma-RayBursts
Short
Long
MilkyWay
Superbubbles
MolecularClouds
Star-formingRegions
StellarObjects
Pulsars
>1000 sources expected with e-ASTROGAM
Magnetosphericemission
PulsarWindNebulae
StarburstGalaxies
BinarySystems
Novae
InterstellarMedium
SupernovaeCore-collapse
SupernovaRemnants
ThermonuclearGlobularClusters
SatelliteGalaxies
Magnetars
BlackHoleBinaries
NeutronStarbinaries
CollidingWindsGalaxy’sBulge
VincentTa�scheff GANIL 10February2017
~350collaboratorsfromins�tu�onsin19countrieswithanofficialendorsement
Thee-ASTROGAMCollabora�on
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Thee-ASTROGAMCollabora�on(attheproposal�me)
INFN, INAF, U. Padova, U. & Polit. Bari, U. Roma Tor Vergata, U. Siena, U. Udine, U. Trieste
CSNSM, APC, CEA/Irfu, IPNO, LLR, CENBG, LUPM, IRAP
U. Mainz, KIT/IPE, U. Tübingen, U. Erlangen, RWTH Aachen, U. Potsdam, U. Würzburg, MPE
DPNC UniGe, ISDC, Univ. Geneva, PSI
ICE (CSIC-IEEC), IMB-CNM (CSIC), IFAE-BIST, Univ. Barcelona, CLPU & Univ. Salamanca
KTH and Univ. Stockholm
CzechTechnicalUniv.,Prague;University of Coimbra, LIP and IST Lisboa; Univ.Sofia
DTU Copenhagen
Univ. College Dublin, Dublin City Univ.
Space Research Center of PAS Warsaw
NASA GSFC, NRL, Clemson Univ., Washington Univ., Yale Univ., Univ. Maryland, UC Berkeley
Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg
University of Tokyo
CBPF Rio de Janeiro
Principalinves�gator:AlessandroDeAngelis,INFN/INAFPadova,U.Udine,Italy;LIP/IST,PortugalCo-I:VincentTa�scheff–CSNSM(CNRS/IN2P3)Paris,France;Univ.ParisSud
Endorsementsfromna�onalagencies/delega�onstoESA
ASI(Italy) CNES(France) DLR(Germany) (Switzerland) SwedishNa�onalSpaceBoard(Sweden) Na�onalSpaceAgency/DTU(Denmark) SpanishResearchAgency(Spain) PolishSpaceAgency FCT(Portugal) NASA(US)
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Theinterna�onalscenario
TheAll-skyMediumEnergyGamma-rayObservatoryAMEGO,asimilarprojectfromNASA,startedevalua�oninDec2016 PIisJulieMcEnery,NASAGSFC(theoldFermiteam);severale-ASTROGAMcollaboratorsareco-I Ifapproved,launchin2028
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Padova,Feb28(startat12h)/Mar1-2(endonMar2at14h) Setupateamforawhitebook(withAMEGO?) Contributedtalks&postersonmul�messengerastrophysics
Firste-ASTROGAMScienceWorkshop
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Peopletocontacthereforanyques�ons(logis�cs,etc.)
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SandraCALORE(secretary)
ElenaPAVAN(secretary)
LucaFOFFANO(scien�ficsecretary)
Whoneedsashu�letotheairportonThursdaya�ernoon?
Summary
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ThealmostunexploredMeV/GeVgamma-raybandisoneoftherichestenergydomainsofastrophysics
e-ASTROGAMcanfillthegapandbeanessen�alobservatorytostudytheextremetransientskyintheeraofastronomy’snewmessengers
Thee-ASTROGAMpayloadisinnova�veinmanyrespects,butthetechnologyisready
WeshouldelaborateonthesciencewithafutureMeV/GeVinstrument,toreinforcethescien�ficcase.Whitebook!