An-Najah National University

Civil Engineering Department 

Analysis of the Water Distribution Network of Balata refugee camp

 Submitted by :

Maysa Ayoub

Supervisor: Dr. Mohammad Almasri

The importance of water distribution network

Water distribution network is necessary in order to facilitate the process of providing consumers with clean water and quantity that suit their needs and control the quality of this water because the presence of this network ensure unpolluted water and access to

consumers with best quality .

Purpose of project

The project aims to hydraulically analyze the water distribution network of Balata refugee camp .This is done by using EPANET software

Study area

Balata camp was established in the Northern part of the West Bank near Nablus with area of 252 km² and on elevation range(480-520m)has a

population of 15,247 inhabitants (2007)

Methodology

statistics information data collection:* water consumption, GIS layers.

*Data preparation using Excel . *Analyze the network under current

condition using EPANET. *Analyze the network under future

condition.

Preparing dataCalculation of per capita daily consumption

volume of consumption in (m³) for (2009) were taken from the Municipality for 85 house after that, we calculate the per capita daily consumption.

81 L/day capita =per capita daily consumption

Calculation of population in 2009

the population in 1997and 2007 is respectively 13187, 15247 using this formula

Pf = Pp * (1+i) ⁿthe growth rate equal 1.46% then we calculate

the population in 2009 and equals 17150

calculation of base demand

* from GIS program we find the area of the building in each loop

*find the density by divide the population on total area by multiply the density by the area of building in each loop we find the population in that loop then by multiply it by the consumption per capita we find the total demand at that loop

*Assume that every node of that loop take the same amount of Q then we divide Q on number of node

Existing networkGIS file from the Municipality, has several layers , Nablus Contour layer , Water main connection and building layer

Transferring the Map to EPANET

The Shp2epa program was used to transfer the map from the GIS to EPANET

Preparing the data required for analysisJunctions

1.base demand prepared previously 2. elevation from the GIS file we have the contour layer of the study area

pipesthe length of the pipe is found in the EPANET file when transferring it from

GIS. Diameters and roughness taken from GIS using the identify tool or the attribute table

Pumppump characteristic curve taken from the Municipalityflow =200 CMHHead=300 m

Network Analysis

The analysis done for two cases:Existing steady state .Future network analysis.

Existing steady stateThere is no negative pressure, the highest pressure was 252 m and the node near the pump was227 m , the lowest pressure was128 m

The relation between the pressure and the elevation is inverse proportion

the velocity results within the range (0.3-2) m/sec. There is some velocity above 2 m/sec and there are some velocity below 0.3 m/sec

Future network

In this case the future analysis for the existing network after 25 years from nowTo estimate the future water demand for each node , the existing water demand will be multiplied by a factor

Factor * =

The population after 25 years = 24640 According to WHO the future consumption per capita

(100-150 ) L/day per capita the roughness decrease assume becomes 110The factor =2.13

Recommendationssome pipes will be replaced by larger pipes

Pipe IDPrevious Diameter (mm)

Recommended diameter(mm)

211203254

262152203

As we see there are negative pressures in the future case, but we can solve this problem if we replace the existing pump by another pump with flow=450CMH and head =300m.