The CurriculumAn Introduction

CURRICULUM

• A prescribed course.

• Offered in all schools.

• Present and designed differently for all student levels.

BASIC CONTENT

General Courses

Specific Courses

Degree or Certification

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY VS. HIGHER EDUCATION

Primary and Secondary

Education

Higher Education

TYPES OF CURRICULUM

1. Traditional Curriculum

• Text-book-Workbook approach.

• Focuses on grades.

TYPES OF CURRICULUM

2. Thematic Unit Study

• Integrated study.

•More focused on academics based on the student’s interests.

TYPES OF CURRICULUM

3. Programmed

• Self-paced; based on the student’s desired pacing.

• Little direction from teachers or tutors.

TYPES OF CURRICULUM

4. Classical

• This coincides with the child’s cognitive development.

• Involves the TRIVIUM of learning.

TRIVIUM OF LEARNING

Grammar Stage

Dialectic Stage

Rhetoric Stage

TYPES OF CLASSROOM CURRICULUM

1. Written Curriculum

• Published part of formal education.• Includes the following:

a. Objectives b. Course guidesc. Lesson plans and course material

d. grading criteria

TYPES OF CLASSROOM CURRICULUM

2. Hidden Curriculumm

• Based on norms and values of the educational institute.

• Gives prioritize to certain subjects.

TYPES OF CLASSROOM CURRICULUM

3. Null curriculum

• Material and subjects not taught in the class.

TYPES OF CLASSROOM CURRICULUM

4. Tested curriculum

• Body information on which students will be tested.

TYPES OF CLASSROOM CURRICULUM

5. Electronic curriculum

• Internet-based• Focused on critical thinking

CURRICULUM VS. SYLLABUS

• Guideline or outline.• Given upon request.• Break down of ideas.

• Suggested presentation.• Measure of effectiveness.

• Designed by school.

curriculum

• Descriptive course list. • Given during class.• Overview of class.

• Made and designed by teachers.syllabus

CURRICULUM PLANNING

•A process where a teacher builds a class curriculum through coordinating with school boards in order to achieve uniform goals.

CURRICULUM PLANNING

What is a curriculum plan?

• Helps with planning material. [Objective planning]

• Maintains uniformity.

• Mainly for Primary and Secondary levels.

PROCESS AND MAIN COMPONENTS

Planning is either basic or comprehensive.

1.Charts and Reports2.Subject schedules

3.Topics to be discussed4.Examinations, paperwork and

assessment.

MAIN COMPONENTS

FRAMING THE CONTEXT

Implementing the lessons

Evaluating learning

Monitoring progress

Planning the lessons

ASSESSMENT OF SUCCESS

•How students

cope

By Observation

• Complete discussionSecurity

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

•Method of which teaching organizations and training institutes guide learning.

•Both inside and outside the classroom.

FOUR ELEMENTS OF CURRICULUM DEV’T

Identification Planning

EvaluationPractical Application

ASPECTS OF CURRICULUM

• Programs of an educational institution.

• Majors, Concentrations, degree programs

• Faculty information.

Visible

• Welfare of the participants of the curriculum.

• Student-centered/focused.

Invisible

LEVELS OF CURRICULUM

The Visible Aspect• Academic• Extra-curriculum

The Invisible Aspect• Sub-curriculum• Intra-curriculum• Meta-curriculum

LEVELS OF CURRICULUM

1. Academic Curriculum• Courses and subjects.

2. Extra-curriculum• Amplifier of the academic curriculum.

LEVELS OF CURRICULUM

1. Sub-curricular• Physical and emotional state of the

student.

2. Intra-curriculum• Bias of certain aspects of a person’s

being.

LEVELS OF CURRICULUM

1. Sub-curricular• Physical and emotional state of the

student.

2. Intra-curriculum• Bias of certain aspects of a person’s

being.

LEVELS OF CURRICULUM

3. Meta-curriculum

• Funding, research quality, institutional and environmental

aspects. • Also includes the spiritual aspect of

the curriculum.

CURRICULUM DESIGN

Often designed

by specialists

and profession

als of different

expertise.

However adapted

by parents and

guardians who

homeschool their

children.

CURRICULUM DESIGN

Challenge and Enjoyment

Progression

Depth

CURRICULUM DESIGN

Personalization

Coherence

Relevance

CURRICULUM EVALUATION

• Determining the worth of an entire curriculum.

• Helps the policy-making bodies and administrators in making decisions.

• Reference for people involved in the school body.

TYPES OF EVALUATION

Diagnostic Evaluation

1. What needs to be improved?2. Making decisions on how to improve

them.

Formative Evaluation

1. Planning within the student body/personnel.

Summative Evaluation

1. Progress reports.2. Reporting of findings and

conclusions.

METHODS OF EVALUATION

1. External evaluation

•People from outside the school system with various expertise.

METHODS OF EVALUATION

Why is external evaluation needed?

1. Need for independence2. Span of control

3. Legal requirements4. Expertise of the people involved.

METHODS OF EVALUATION

1. Internal evaluation

•People from within the student body or institution.•Existing groups within the

system.

METHODS OF EVALUATION

Why is internal evaluation needed?

• For centralization and decentralization.

THE FOCUSES OF CURRICULUM EVALUATION

Curriculum development

Analysis of outcomes

Monetary resources

Analysis of teaching quality

Curriculum Design

REFERENCES:

• Smith, S.E. , Wallace, O. (September 11, 2012). What Is Curriculum Design? Retrieved from: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-curriculum-design.htm

• Ellis-Chistensen, T. , Wallace, O. (October 1, 2012). What is Curriculum? Retrieved from: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-curriculum.htm

• Faria, Allison , Wallace, O. (July 17, 2012). What is Curriculum Planning? Retrieved from: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-curriculum-planning.htm

• Curriculum (n.d.) , In Wikipedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum

REFERENCES:

• Vientiane, L. Building Capacities of Curriculum Specialists for Educational Reform [PDF Document] Retrieved from IBE UNESCO website

• http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/archive/curriculum/Asia%20Networkpdf/vienrepor.pdf

• Primary School Curriculum. Retrieved. October 12, 2012• http://www.curriculumonline.ie/en/primary_school_curriculum/• What is Curriculum Development? Retrieved October 11, 2012• http://www.cglrc.cgiar.org/icraf/toolkit/What_is_curriculum_dev

elopment_.htm

• Principles for Curriculum Design• http://

www.educationscotland.gov.uk/thecurriculum/howisthecurriculumorganised/principles/index.asp