An Introduction to RWSN and Self Supply
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Transcript of An Introduction to RWSN and Self Supply
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An Introduction to RWSN and Self Supply
Sally Sutton,
Consultant for UNICEF and RWSN
A global knowledge network for rural water supply
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Partners • UNICEF,• WSP/World Bank,• WaterAid, • SKAT
Switzerland.
Ex-HTN
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What are we looking for in Africa?
MDG and present trends in Africa
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100
200
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1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Po
pu
lati
on
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RWSN Funded studies
Self Supply • Mali, Uganda , Zambia
Low cost drilling. • Ethiopia, Niger, Madagascar,
Mozambique?• Africa-wide potential – and
reconnaissance level Self Supply potential in Sierra Leone, Liberia.
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ACCRA FORUM
5th RWSN Forum 2006 – GhanaScaling up Local Entrepreneurship in Rural
Water Supply to meet the MDGs
Date : 27th - 30th November 2006Venue: Royal Palm Hotel, Accra,
Ghana • Around 200 participants from Africa, Asia and
Europe.• Field visits prior to main forum 24-26th
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• To encourage stakeholders to consider alternative approaches to rural water supply
• To build on the research undertaken through RWSN, as well as experiences from other organisations and communities,
• To provide a platform for extensive dialogue and demonstration (50% of programme)
• To provide feedback to the RWSN core team regarding future focus and linkages for the network.
OBJECTIVES
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MDG
CONVENTIONALCOMMUNAL SUPPLIES
Communal ownership/ management70-90% Donor fundedHigh standard high cost, technical solutionsLarge scale private contractingPublic sector marketing
Lower capital // recurrent cost More small scale private sector involvement/ investmentWider options on technology, finance and management Incremental progressHousehold /community choice with government support/advicePublic/ private sector marketing
MDG shortfall of 30-60%, low long-term sustainability esp. for small communities
+Sustainability even for smaller/ scattered communities
CEB Cost -effective
boreholesSELF
SUPPLY
SUPPLY CHAINS Sustainable hand-
pumps
RWSN THEMES
EXISTING RWS STRATEGY
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Self supply sustainability
• Technologies are as far as possible replicable • Phased and affordable improvements in supply, with
minimum design standards• Local entrepreneurs provide safe water supplies and
easier water-lifting devices and promote low-cost options.
• Linkage is made to economic and nutritional benefits, increasing the perceived value of water supply.
• Ownership and management are maintained within naturally developed groups and empowered to make choices and solve problems mainly at own cost.
• An enabling policy environment, combined with low cost and high proportion of private investment, allows rapid advance for large numbers of people,.
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Where are we starting from?
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Mali 48% domestic wells used for productive purposes, 85% of these are privately owned.
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REPLICABLE SUSTAINABLE
RAINWATER HARVESTING AND WATER TREATMENT
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Willingness to invest
Payment for well excavation in Kaoma district (US $ per family well)not including own labour
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<50 50-100 100-150 150-200 200-250 250-300 >300
US dollars paid
Nu
mb
er
of
so
urc
es
Kahare
Namilangi
Nkeyema
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Water quality-gross contamination?
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10%
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70%
Pro
po
rtio
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f sa
mp
les
0 1-10 11- 50 51 - 100 > 100
Faecal coliform/100ml
Water quality in different source types
Traditional wells Mali(119)Traditional wells Zambia(392)Scoopholes Zambia (418)
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Country Numbers using traditional wells
Approximate proportion owned at household level
Proportion of functioning handpumps
Nigeria 23 million+ 45% 50%
DR Congo 16 million+ 40%
Mozambique 6 million+ 31% 65%
Uganda 6 million+ 15% 70%
Mali 5 million+ 65% 65%
Rare cases or potential?
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LINKS TO PRODUCTIVE USE
Positive Negative
Sustainability/ Affordability
Pressure to over-use supply
Sustainability/ value Exclusion?
Water quality improvement with increased turnover
Returning leachates from cultivation
Increased promotion/ market for technologies
Promotion of good nutrition and irrigation practice
Linkage to support networks of health and agriculture
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COMMON GROUND WITH PRODWAT
• Promotion of family level investment• Development of /support to low cost technologies
(spares, maintenance services, stocks, manufacture)
• Improved knowledge of resources• Promoting the linkage of domestic supplies and
livelihoods.• Aiming for several MDGs
So how could we link up better?