An Introduction to NLP4L - Natural Language Processing Tool for Apache Lucene: Presented by Tomoko...

O C T O B E R 1 3 - 1 6 , 2 0 1 6 • A U S T I N , T X

An Introduction to NLP4L: Natural Language Processing Tool for Apache Lucene

Tomoko Uchida Consultant, Rondhuit Co. Ltd.

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Who am I

• Tomoko Uchida (@moco_beta)

• Luke (Lucene Toolbox) collaborator (2015 ~)

• https://github.com/DmitryKey/luke

• The best-known tool for debugging and learning Lucene/Solr, Elasticsearch index :-)

https://github.com/DmitryKey/luke

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Agenda

• What’s NLP4L?

• How NLP improves search experience

• Calculate probabilities using ShingleFilter

• Transliteration (Application for HMM)

• NLP4L Framework (coming soon)

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Agenda

• What’s NLP4L?





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What’s NLP4L?• GOAL

• Improve Lucene users’ search experience

• FEATURES

• Use of Lucene index as a Corpus Database

• Lucene API Front-end written in Scala

• NLP4L provides

• Preprocessors for existing ML tools

• Provision of ML algorithms and Apprications (e.g. Transliteration)

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• FEATURES



• NLP4L provides


• Provision of ML algorithms and Apprications (e.g. Transliteration)

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• FEATURES



• NLP4L provides


• Provision of ML algorithms and Applications (e.g. Transliteration)

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Agenda

• What’s NLP4L?





targetresult

tpfp fn

tn

precision = tp / (tp + fp)

recall = tp / (tp + fn)

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Evaluation Measures

targetresult

tpfp fn

tn



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Evaluation Measures

targetresult

tpfp fn

tn



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Evaluation Measures

targetresult

tpfp fn

tn



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Evaluation Measures

Recall ,Precision

tpfp fn

tn



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Recall ,Precision

targetresult

tpfp fn

tn



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n-gram, synonym dictionary, etc.

facet (filter query) Ranking Tuning

recall precision

recall , precision

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Solution


facet (filter query) Ranking Tuning

recall precision

recall , precision

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Solution


e.g. Transliteration

facet (filter query)

recall precision

recall , precision

Ranking Tuning

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Solution


e.g. Transliteration

facet (filter query)

e.g. Named Entity Extraction

recall precision

recall , precision

Ranking Tuning

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Solution

q=watch

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targetresult

gradual precision improvement

filter by “Gender=Men’s”

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targetresult


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targetresult

filter by “Gender=Men’s”

filter by “Price=100-150”


ID product price gender

1 CURREN New Men’s Date Stainless Steel Military Sport Quartz Wrist Watch 8.92 Men’s

2 Suiksilver The Gamer Watch 87.99 Men’s

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Structured Documents

ID article

1 David Cameron says he has a mandate to pursue EU reform following the Conservatives' general election victory. The Prime Minister will be hoping his majority government will give him extra leverage in Brussels.

2 He wants to renegotiate the terms of the UK's membership ahead of a referendum by the end of 2017. He has said he will campaign for Britain to remain in the EU if he gets the reforms he wants.

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Unstructured Documents

ID article person org loc

1David Cameron says he has a mandate to pursue EU reform following the Conservatives' general election victory. The Prime Minister will be hoping his majority government will give him extra leverage in Brussels.

David Cameron EU Brussels

2 He wants to renegotiate the terms of the UK's membership ahead of a referendum by the end of 2017. He has said he will campaign for Britain to remain in the EU if he gets the reforms he wants.

EU UK Britain

NEE[1] extracts interesting words.

[1] Named Entity Extraction

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Make them Structured

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Agenda

• What’s NLP4L?





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Language Model

• LM represents the fluency of language

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Language Model• LM represents the fluency of language


• N-gram model is the LM which is most widely used

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Language Model


• N-gram model is the LM which is most widely used

• Calculation example for 2-gram

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totalTermFreq(”word2g”,”an apple”)

totalTermFreq(”word”,”an”)

Language Model

Alice/NNP ate/VB an/AT apple/NNP ./. Mike/NNP likes/VB an/AT orange/NNP ./. An/AT apple/NNP is/VB red/JJ ./.

NNP Proper noun, singular

VB Verb

AT Article

JJ Adjective

. period

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Our Corpus for training

Part-of-Speech Tagging

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Hidden Markov Model

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Series of Words

Hidden Markov Model

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Series of Part-of-Speech

Hidden Markov Model

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Hidden Markov Model

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Hidden Markov Model

NNP 0.667

VB 0.0

. 0.0

JJ 0.0

AT 0.333

1.0

1.0

0.4 0.6

0.6670.333

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alice 0.2 apple 0.4 mike 0.2 orange 0.2

ate 0.333 is 0.333 likes 0.333

an 1.0

red 1.0

. 1.0

HMM state diagram

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Agenda

• What’s NLP4L?





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Transliteration

Transliteration is a process of transcribing letters or words from one alphabet to another one to facilitate comprehension and pronunciation for non-native speakers.

computer コンピューター

server サーバー

internet インターネット

mouse マウス

information インフォメーション

examples of transliteration from English to Japanese

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Transliteration

you search English “mouse”

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It helps improve recall

but you got “マウス” (=mouse) highlighted in Japanese

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It helps improve recall

academy,アカデミー accent,アクセント access,アクセス accident,アクシデント acrobat,アクロバット action,アクション adapter,アダプター africa,アフリカ airbus,エアバス alaska,アラスカ alcohol,アルコール allergy,アレルギー

train_data/alpha_katakana.txt

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Training data in NLP4L

アaカcaデdeミーmy アaクcセceンnトt アaクcセceスss アaクcシciデdeンnトt アaクcロroバッbaトt アaクcショtioンn アaダdaプpターter アaフfリriカca エaアirバbuスs アaラlaスsカka アaルlコーcohoルl アaレlleルrギーgy

train_data/alpha_katakana.txt train_data/alpha_katakana_aligned.txt

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academy,アカデミー accent,アクセント access,アクセス accident,アクシデント acrobat,アクロバット action,アクション adapter,アダプター africa,アフリカ airbus,エアバス alaska,アラスカ alcohol,アルコール allergy,アレルギー

Training data in NLP4L

nlp4l> :load examples/trans_katakana_alpha.scala

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Demo: Transliterationval indexer = new HmmModelIndexer(index)val file = Source.fromFile("train_data/alpha_katakana_aligned.txt", "UTF-8")val pattern: Regex = """([\u30A0-\u30FF]+)([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)""".rdef align(result: List[(String, String)], str: String): List[(String, String)] = { str match { case pattern(a, b, c) => align(result :+ (a, b), c) case _ => result }}// create hmm model indexfile.getLines.foreach{ line: String => val doc = align(List.empty[(String, String)], line) indexer.addDocument(doc)}

Input Prediction Right Answer

アルゴリズム algorism algorithm

プログラム program (OK)

ケミカル chaemmical chemical

ダイニング dining (OK)

コミッター committer (OK)

エントリー entree entry

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Demo: Transliteration

① crawl

gathering Katakana-Alphabet

string pairs

アルゴリズム, algorithm

Transliteration

“アルゴリズム”

“algorism”

calculate edit distance

synonyms.txt

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store pair of strings if edit distance is small enough

②

③

④⑤

⑥

Gathering loan words

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Agenda

• What’s NLP4L?





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NLP4L Framework• A framework that improves search experience (for mainly Lucene-

based search system). Pluggable.

• Reference implementation of plug-ins and corpora provided.

• Uses NLP/ML technologies to output models, dictionaries and indexes.

• Since NLP/ML are not perfect, an interface that enables users to personally examine output dictionaries is provided as well.

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Solr

ES

Mahout Spark

Data Source ・Corpus (Text data, Lucene index) ・Query Log ・Access Log

Dictionaries

・Suggestion (auto complete) ・Did you mean? ・synonyms.txt ・userdic.txt ・keyword attachment

maintenance

Model files Tagged Corpus

Document Vectors

・TermExtractor ・Transliteration ・NEE ・Classification ・Document Vectors ・Language Detection

・Learning to Rank ・Personalized Search

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Solr

ES

Mahout Spark


Dictionaries


maintenance


Document Vectors



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Solr

ES


Dictionaries


maintenance



Mahout Spark

Model filesDocument Vectors

Tagged Corpus

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Mahout Spark


Dictionaries


maintenance


Document Vectors



Solr

ES

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example: Keyword Attachment

Information about associated Solr collection (core)

NLP/ML task (processor) chain

described by HOCON (Human-Optimized Config Object Notation)

UI prototype for NLP4L Framework (Lucia)https://github.com/NLP4L/lucia

https://github.com/NLP4L/lucia

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Extracted keywords from whole documentsex.) Named Entities by OpenNLP

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Information about associated Solr document (unique key, etc.)

Extracted keywords from this document

Solr field name for each keyword

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Check the keywords and removewrong / inappropriate entries

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Synch (attach) all keywords to Solr documents (by partial update command)

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Solr document (befere keywords are attached)

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Solr document (after keywords are attached)

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If you delete keyword(s) already have been attached to solr documents,

the keyword(s) also will be removed from solr index when next “synch” action executed.

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Lucene doc

Lucene doc keyword

↑ Increase boost

Keyword Attachment Application

• “Keyword attachment” is a general format that enables the following functions.

• Learning to Rank

• Personalized Search

• Named Entity Extraction

• Document Classification

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targetresult

1 2 3 …

50 100 500 …

Before Learning to Rank

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targetresult

1 2 3 …

50 100 500 …

After Learning to Rank

• Program learns, from access log and other sources, that the score of document d for a query q should be larger than the normal score(q,d)

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Lucene doc d

q, q, …

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_to_rank

Learning to Rank

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_to_rank

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targetresult

1 2 3 …

50 100 500 …

q=apple

computer …

Personalized Search

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target

result

50 100 500 …

1 2 3 …

q=applefruit …Personalized Search

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Lucene doc d1 q1u1, q2u2

Lucene doc d2 q2u1, q1u2

Personalized Search• Program learns, from access log and other sources, that the score of

document d for a query q by user u should be larger than the normal score(q,d)

• Since you cannot specify score(q,d,u) as Lucene restricts doing so, you have to specify score(qu,d).

• Limit the data to high-order queries or divide fields depending on a user as the number of q-u combinations can be enormous.

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example: Generating Synonyms (loanwords)

Execute job that generate pairs of Katakana and corresponding English words from corpus

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Make adjustments in auto generated pairs (candidate synonyms) via web UI

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acacia,アカシアacademy,アカデミーacatenango,アカテナンゴaccess,アクセスaccident,アクシデントaction,アクションactive,アクティブactivision,アクティビジョンacton,アクトンactor,アクター……

Exported pairs can be used in SynonymFilter

synonyms_loadwords_ja.txt

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Contact us at

koji at apache dot org

for the details.

Join and Code with Us!

https://github.com/NLP4L

https://github.com/NLP4L

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Thank you!

An Introduction to NLP4L - Natural Language Processing Tool for Apache Lucene: Presented by Tomoko...

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