An Introduction to Metadata by Wendy Duff ECURE 2000 October 6, 2000.
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Transcript of An Introduction to Metadata by Wendy Duff ECURE 2000 October 6, 2000.
An Introduction to Metadata by
Wendy Duff
ECURE 2000
October 6, 2000
Metadata
The term "meta" comes from a Greek word that denotes something of a higher or more fundamental nature. Metadata, then, is data about other data.
The term refers to any data used to aid the identification, description and location of networked electronic resources
Defining Metadata
Does data about data mean anything?
Librarians equate it with a complete bibliographic record
Information technologists equate it to database schema or definitions of the data elements
Archivists include context information, restrictions and access terms, index terms, etc.
Bibliographic Metadata
Providing a description of the information package along with other information necessary for management and preservation
EncodingProviding access to this description
Predominantly discovery and retrieval
Encoding
Surrogate records are encoded by assigning tags, letter, or words
Why encode? For display Provide access Integration of surrogates
Beyond Discovery and Retrieval
Gilliland-Swetland (1998) explains “metadata also documents how that objects behaves, its functions and use, relationship to other objects and how it should be managed”.
Different Communities ….Different Metadata
Developers of the Interoperabilty of Data in E-Commerce Systems (indecs) ideintified metadata for protecting intellectual property rights of creators and publishers.
The Research Library Group’s Working Group on Preservation Issues of Metadata identified metadata for “digital master files that have preservation-based intent”.
Metadata to Information Technologists
The data that defines the data elements in a table
Data that controls or explains other dataSomething that is not part of the bit stream of
a record but needed to understand the data in the record
One systems metadata is another systems data
Source of Metadata
Automatically generatedSupplied by creator of electronic resourceSupplied by 3rd party
Metadata generation for an image using MEX2
Dublin Core
Metadata to improve information retrieval of internet resources
Developed predominantly by the bibliographic community. Elements similar to bibliographic surrogate
Characteristics of Dublin Core
SimplicitySemantic Interoperability International Consensus Extensibility Metadata Modularity on the Web
Dublin Core Elements
Content Coverage Description Type Relation Source Subject Title
Intellectual Property
Contributor Creator Publisher Rights
Dublin Core Element
Instantiation Date Format Identifier Language
Resource Description Framework(RDF)
RDF provides interoperability between applications that exchange machine-understandable information on the Web
Metadata and XML
Provides a means of encoding and exchanging metadata
EAD, TEI, VERS
XML Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <!DOCTYPE FAQ SYSTEM "FAQ.DTD"> <FAQ>
<INFO> <SUBJECT> XML </SUBJECT>
<AUTHOR> Lars Marius Garshol</AUTHOR>
<EMAIL> [email protected] </EMAIL> <VERSION> 1.0 </VERSION>
<DATE> 20.jun.97 </DATE>
</INFO> <PART NO="1"> <Q NO="1"> <QTEXT>What is XML?</QTEXT> <A>SGML light.</A> </Q> ...</PART>
</FAQ>
Electronic Records Metadata Project
Functional Requirements for Evidence in Recordkeeping
The SPIRT Metadata Project VERSGILS - and the AGLS
Functional Requirements for Evidence in Recordkeeping Metadata Model
Six Layers Handle Layer Terms and Conditions Layer Structural Layer Contextual Layer Content Layer Use History Layer
SPIRT Metadata Scheme
Victoria Recordkeeping Model
VERS is an exchange standard that allows transfer of metadata (and content) from the system it was created in to future systems as yet unbuilt.
A VERS Encapsulated Object (VEO) – a record – is designed to be self documenting so that the record can subsequently be extracted without reference to external documentation.
Encapsulated Object
A VEO includes metadata that supports the management, finding, and retrieval of the electronic record.
A VERS record contains one or more documents, each of which may be stored as one or more encodings (physical file formats).
VERS Record Structure
ObjectMetadata
SignatureBlock
SignatureBlock
ObjectContent
RecordMetadata
Document1
Document2
Documentn
...
DocumentMetadata
Encoding1
Encodingn
...
EncodingMetadata
DocumentData
VERSEncapsulated
Object
ObjectContent
Document Encoding
Record Metadata
ContextAgentTitleSubjectRelationFunctionTypeAggregation LevelFormatLocationTransaction
Record MetadataHandleDescriptionLanguageCoverageRecord IdentifierVEO Identifier
PolicyRights ManagementDisposalMandate
HistoryDateManagement HistoryUse HistoryPreservation History
Document
Document Metadata
DescriptionDocument Source
Encoding 1 Encoding 2 Encoding n
…
Metadata Facts to Remember
Metadata does not have to be digital
Metadata relates to more than the description of an object.
Metadata can come from a variety of sources
Metadata continue to accrue during the life of an information object or system.
One information object's metadata can simultaneously be another information object's data. (Anne Gilliland-Swetland, Setting the Stage)
Developing Metadata Schemes
Identify the purpose of the metadata modelLevel of specificity of the elementsIdentify resourcesInfrastructure - who will supply it?What type of information package is it?Who will use the metadata?Existing metadata models
Other Sources
Introduction to Metadata: Pathways to Digital Information. http://www.getty.edu/gri/standard/intrometadata/index.htm
CLIR Reports http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/reports.html Digital Libraries: Metadata Resources
http://www.ifla.org/II/metadata.htm Australian Government Locator Service (AGLS) Metadata
Standard. http://www.naa.gov.au/recordkeeping/gov_online/agls/summary.html
More Sources
SPIRT Recordkeeping Metadata Project http://www.sims.monash.edu.au/rcrg/research/spirt/index.html