An Introduction To IT Security And Privacy In Libraries

IT Security For Librarians:Outrunning The Bear@ Your LibraryBlake CarverLYRASIS Systems Administrator

Week One

•Passwords: L E N G T H & Unique

•Paranoia: Think Before You Click

•BackuPs: Frequent and Automatic

•Patches: Set to Auto

•Ponder Before PostingIntro

Last Week• Privacy

Surveillance Is The Business Model Of The Internet

• Carry A Safe, Not A Suitcase• Email• Browsers• Public Wi-Fi• Social Media• Mobile Devices• Backups

This WeekEverything You Need To Know

Lock Things DownGrant Least PrivilegeWhitelisting - Patches – Limit Admins

Build a Defensible LibraryThreat Modeling

Everything With An IP Address MattersTraining

New Instincts Never Without The WHY

“An iCloud scam that may be worse than ransomware”

https://blog.malwarebytes.org/mac/2016/03/an-icloud-scam-that-may-be-worse-than-ransomware/

The Danger of Apps that Die

About three years ago there was an iPhone app named Kinotopic. According to their website, which is still up, “Kinotopic allows you to create, share, and store short video moments and make them more expressive – in the form of animated pictures and cinemagraphs.”Past users of Kinotopic may be interested to learn that there is currently a MongoDB database that appears to belong to Kinotopic sitting out on the open internet with no protection whatsoever. This derelict MongoDB instance contains, among other things, the email addresses, usernames, and hashed passwords for, what appear to be, over 198,000 previous Kinotopic users.

https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/197-the-danger-of-apps-that-die

In Cloquet, email and SmartBoards were affected, along with phones, school bell and food service systems. The middle school has a one-to-one device program for students that was

affected.

From: Geraldo Spence <[email protected]>To: <[email protected]>Subject: FW: Order Status #001204Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2016 07:01:47 +0300

Dear someone,

We would like to thank you for your recent order.

Order Status updated on: 21/03/2016Your Customer ID: 001204Your Order ID: 4081F78D45-M-2016Invoice Number: 5978299

Delivery Note:We received your order and payment on 17/03/2016

Your order details are attached.

Best regards,Geraldo SpenceChief Executive Officer - Food Packaging Company

Libraries Live Below The Security Poverty Line

(Wendy Nather)

We simply can't afford to reach a great level of security

Few or no IT PeopleFew or no Security PeopleHard to keep up with technology and securityMaintenance, planning, strategy are 2nd to OMGDepend on consultants, vendors, family, patrons, friends, volunteers, etc...

This leaves us in a bad place Defaults Old and outdated Workarounds Not much control No time to focus "We'll fix it later"

We ain't got Budget People Time Hardware Software Expertise

So what can we do? Budget? Buy things that are more secure? Question our vendors and partners on

security? Use our consortia? Outsourcing?

So what can we do? Develop a good Threat Model Set achievable security goals Learning, Planning & Training Develop IT- and security-focused

community groups for the exchange of ideas, information and known security threats. http://security4lib.org/

The perfect is not the enemy of the good

Make Your Library Defensible

Able To Be Defended• Defensible does not mean secure

• There are more things to defend than there are resources to defend with

• Defensibility focuses on what, why, how, when and from whom

Attackers are economically rational – they take scarce resources and apply them efficiently to achieve a desired outcome. As a defender, making the target less attractive or too expensive for that economically rational actor means they will go after something else. “It’s like the old saying: you don’t have to outrun the bear. You just have to outrun your friend.”

Defensible Libraries

• A change in mindset• Awareness of limitations & weaknesses• Awareness of threats• An admission of inconvenience • A lot of hard, detailed and underappreciated work.

So Let’s Think About…• What do we have to secure?• Who wants it?• How could they acquire it?• How could they benefit from its use?

–Can they sell it? –Can they hold it hostage?–Can they use & abuse it?

• How damaging would the loss of data be?• How would this effect library operations?• How secure do we really need to be?

But We’re Just A Library

IT Security For Libraries

We Are All Targets


Every access point to the internet is potential breach.

83% targets of opportunity92% of attacks were easy85% were found by a 3rd party


Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report

84% were found by a 3rd party

Bad guys were in for 175 days before they were discovered.

Trustwave Global Security Report


It’s Easy Being Bad


Security Is Hard


The attacker only needs to succeed once...


While we need to catch every single thing...


Staying safe takes more than just a firewall & AV/AM...


Passwords

Your security software / hardware is a seat belt – not a force field.


When we protect our library, we protect our patrons

• People come to us and want things to be easy and free and fun

• They don’t think about security (Ever)

• Information Literacy

Complexity is the Enemy of Security

• We have no shortage of access points

• We deal with any number of vendors

• Threats come from outside the libraries

• Threats come from inside the libraries

•Our libraries are full of people


Security will forever be a moving target

So What Can We do?

• Stop Ignoring it

• Prepare – Threat Modeling

• Prepare - Training


Ignoring it and thinking you're safe“If It Ain’t Broke...”

• The vast majority of attacks…–Won’t be targeted–Will Be Easily Avoidable

Do something.... Do Anything!


Don't Make Things Easy

What Does A Library Need To Protect?


Your Employees Homes / Phones / etc...?

OPAC / ILSStaff ComputersDatabasesPrinters / CopiersWebsiteServersBackups

PrintersCell PhonesWi-Fi RoutersRoutersCell PhonesIpadsLaptops

Printers??Light Bulbs??

Cameras??

There are more things to defend than there are resources to defend with

Not every asset in your organization is equally valuable

An attacker will always pick the weakest point of entry…

…but you can't know which point that is

The Weakest Point In A Library?

Public Access Computers



Staying Safe On This Computer:–Make Sure You Log Out

–Don’t Access Sensitive Sites

–Beware of the "remember me" option

–Don't send personal or financial information via email or insecure websites



This Week’s Stay Safe Tips–Never Trust Email

–Learn About Phishing

–Attend Our Security Class

–Always Check For A Secure Connection


Most exploits used “old” issues that have been patched

There is no longer a window to patch when a vulnerability or exploit is discovered, in public or private.Brad Arkin, Adobe

Locking Down Public Access Computers

• Patching and Updating–OS and *ALL* Applications

• Whitelisting• BIOS passwords• EMET - microsoft.com/emet• SteadyState / DeepFreeze / SmartShield• Check for USB additions

• Don’t use Windows?• Don’t use IE?


35 Strategies to Mitigate Targeted Cyber Intrusions

Change your mindset – YOU are the attacker• What are you library’s most valuable assets? Where are these assets? How can they be accessed?

• If you were the attacker how would you spread malware? And who are the most ‘vulnerable’ targets in the organization?

• Do you have a view on the ‘normal’ behavior of your organization (people, behavior, locations and systems)?

Level the playing field…

Hack Your library!

Library Information Security System Assessment Model (LISSAM)

Awareness CreationAdministrative Tools and MethodsProcedures and Control Information Security PolicyTechnological Security Foundation

CIS and CCS introduced the Cyber Hygiene Campaign

Count: Know what’s connected to and running on your networkConfigure: Implement key security settings to help protect your systemsControl: Limit and manage adminsPatch: Regularly update all apps, software, and operating systemsRepeat: Regularly revisit the Top Priorities

https://www.cisecurity.org/about/CHToolkits.cfm

Six Steps to Stronger Security 1. Keep an accurate hardware inventory 2. Keep an accurate software inventory 3. Actively manage configurations 4. Remediate vulnerabilities quickly 5. Automate endpoint defenses 6. Control administrative access

https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/awareness/steps-stronger-security-smbs-36037

Don’t Forget• Check the internets for usernames/passwords for your library (e.g. pastebin)

• HTTPS• Is your domain name going to expire?• Is you SSL Cert going to expire? • Typo Squatters?


Thumb Drives


Training

Building Cybersecurity Champions

Training does not work

It's not worth it because someone will still mess up

People already know what to do

This stuff us easy / obvious

Training

Train A Security Mindset

Quickly forgotten without practice and reminders

Regular low level of training and awareness


Good security awareness programs help all employees

know where to get help

Who they should call when there is trouble

Where they can look for guidance & policies

They should know that they will not be looked down on for making a mistake

Someone’s job is to help them through whatever difficulty they are having

We can't make everyone an expert

We do NOT need to train the non-technical employees about what the deep level geek

employees already know.

Building Good Habits

“Being secure” is something that is learned over time and eventually becomes a habit.

Make the security mindset the default

Consistent reinforcement of the importance of IT Security

What about training UP?

How do we communicate up?Is your boss/director/board/dean/whatever aware of IT Security? If they

were, would that help make the library more secure? It may be up to you to help everyone at your library become Security Literate.

So how do you do it?

Start talking & training.

Make sure everyone understands that we are all targets.

If they ask “How secure are we?”… the answer will most likely scare them.

NEVER without the ‘WHY?’

Understanding awareness, training, and development

What we want is policies that reinforce good security principles that will foster over time a new instinct in people, a new way of looking at things, a new way of acting in a more secure way.

This will require a huge amount of patience and buy in from every at your library.

Carver, Blake Name123456 ID Number00123456 User IDcarver Password05/01/2012 End Date

Training

• Phishing• Social Engineering• Privacy• Passwords• Email Attachments• Virus Alerts• Social Networking• Updates


What we want is policies that reinforce good security principles that will foster over time a new instinct in people, a new way of looking at things, a new way of acting in a more secure way.

The goal is to make doing things the right way become

the default in your library

Training…. Patrons?

• Your patrons don't care much for security• Their habits are inviting malware

• Look for ways to make things safer in ways that don't interfere with people's everyday tasks as much as possible.

• Principle of Least Privilege


http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2015/09/2015-09-15_libraries_FINAL.pdf

Offer Training At Your Library

Library Security Mantra

• Security• Privacy• Confidentiality• Integrity• Availability• Access

(based on Net Sec 101 Ayre and Lawthers 2001)


Remember:

This about your library’s security and protecting your library’s brand and reputation and your patrons.

The only way this can happen is if security and risk management become regular parts of library conversation.

Preparation - Practical Resources• SANS 20 Critical Security Controls

– http://sans.org

• Securing Library Technology: A How-To-Do-It Manual– Earp & Wright

• Strategies to Mitigate Targeted Cyber Intrusions– Australian Signals Directorate

• Library Information Security System Assessment Model (LISSAM)– Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, Vol. 16, no. 2

Virtual Privacy Lab from the San José Public Library https://www.sjpl.org/privacy

Library Freedom Project https://libraryfreedomproject.org/


http://sans.org/

https://www.sjpl.org/privacy

https://libraryfreedomproject.org/

https://libraryfreedomproject.org/

Next WeekWeek Four: The Web – Sites & Servers

How & why websites get hackedWeb ServersServers in general

Some Hacker ToolsReview

IT Security For Librarians:Outrunning The Bear@ Your LibraryBlake CarverLYRASIS Systems Administrator

An Introduction To IT Security And Privacy In Libraries

Technology

Transcript of An Introduction To IT Security And Privacy In Libraries