An Introduction to Information Systems

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MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. M athiyalakan 1 An Introduction to Information Systems Chapter 1

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An Introduction to Information Systems. Chapter 1. Principles and Learning Objectives. The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of An Introduction to Information Systems

Page 1: An Introduction to Information Systems

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 1

An Introduction to Information Systems

Chapter 1

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals.

– Distinguish data from information and describe the characteristics used to evaluate the quality of data.

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• Models, computers, and information systems are constantly making it possible for organizations to improve the way they conduct business.

– Name the components of an information system and describe several system characteristics.

– Identify four basic types of models and explain how they are used.

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• Knowing the potential impact of information systems and having the ability to put this knowledge to work can result in a successful personal career, organizations that reach their goals, and a society with a higher quality of life.

– Identify the basic types of business information systems and discuss who uses them, how they are used, and what kinds of benefits they deliver.

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• System users, business managers, and information systems professionals must work together to build a successful information system.

– Identify the major steps of the systems development process and state the goal of each.

– Discuss why it is important to study and understand information systems.

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Information Concepts

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Information System

A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information, and provide feedback to meet an objective

• Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems

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Data vs. Information

• Data: raw facts

• Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves

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Types of Data

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Data vs. Information

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The Characteristics of Valuable Information

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The Characteristics of Valuable Information

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The Characteristics of Valuable Information

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System and Modeling Concepts

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System

A set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals

• Input • Processing mechanism• Feedback• Output• System boundary

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Components of a System

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System and Modeling Concepts

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System Performance and Standards

• Efficiency: output/input• Effectiveness: extent to which system attains its

goals• Performance standard: specific objective of a

system

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System Variables and Parameters

• System variable - item controlled by decision-maker

• System parameter - value that cannot be controlled

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Systems Classification

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System Performance and Standards

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Modeling a System

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Modeling a System

• A model is an abstraction that is used to represent reality– 4 major types of models

• A narrative model is based on words– Logical, not physical

• A physical model is tangible• A schematic model is a graphic representation

– Graphs and charts• A mathematical model is an arithmetic

representation

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What Is An Information System?

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Components of an Information System

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Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS)

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Components of a CBIS

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Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet

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Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet

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Business Information Systems

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Business Information Systems

• Electronic Commerce• Transaction Processing Systems• Management Information Systems• Decision Support Systems

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E-Commerce

• Business-to-business• Business-to-consumer• Business-to-government• Government-to-consumer

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Electronic Commerce

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Transaction Processing Systems

A transaction processing system (TPS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions.

• Process business exchanges• Maintain records about the exchanges• Handle routine, yet critical, tasks• Perform simple calculations

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Payroll Transaction ProcessingSystem

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

• Integrated programs that can manage a company’s entire set of business operations

• Often coordinate planning, inventory control, production, and ordering

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Management Information Systems (MIS)

• Routine information for routine decisions• Operational efficiency• Use transaction data as main input• Databases integrate MIS in different functional

areas

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Management Information Systems (MIS)

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MIS Outputs

• Scheduled reports• Demand reports• Exception reports

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Decision Support Systems (DSS)

• DSS- A decision support system is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making.

– Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems

– End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS

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Essential DSS Elements

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Special-Purpose Business Information Systems

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems• Virtual Reality Systems • Expert Systems• Other Special-Purpose Business Information

Systems

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The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence

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Virtual Reality

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Data Glove

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Systems Development

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Why Learn About Information Systems?

• Advance in your career• Solve problems• Realize opportunities• Meet your career goals

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Computer and Information System Literacy

• Computer literacy - knowledge of computer systems and equipment

• Information system literacy - knowledge of how data and information are used

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Information Systems in Functional Areas of Business

• Finance and Accounting• Sales and Marketing• Manufacturing

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Information Systems in Industry

• Investment firms• Banks• Publishing companies• Healthcare organizations• Management consulting firms

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Summary

• Data - raw facts• Information - data transformed into a

meaningful form • System - set of elements that interact to

accomplish a goal • Systems development - creating or modifying

existing business systems