An introduction to flight dynamics
Transcript of An introduction to flight dynamics
![Page 1: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
University of São PauloSão Carlos School of Engineering
Department of Aeronautical Engineering
An introduction to flight dynamicsFlight Dynamics II
Ricardo Afonso Angé[email protected]
![Page 2: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Human factors
Symptoms 2 < f < 20 Hz● Acceleration● Vibration● Combined stresses
![Page 3: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
University of São PauloSão Carlos School of Engineering
Department of Aeronautical Engineering
General equations unsteady motionFlight Dynamics II
Ricardo Afonso Angé[email protected]
![Page 4: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Model
dm
z
zE
x
y
yE
xE
OE
OB
v
u
w
v
wVBrCE
rE
X
Y
Z
N
M
L
p
q
r
![Page 5: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Aircraft orientation - Euler angles
0
1
2
3
![Page 6: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Motion equations
![Page 7: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Motion equations
Equations in expanded form:
![Page 8: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Trimmed flight
![Page 9: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Small disturbance theory
Procedure:
1) Substituir nas equações de movimento2) Desprezar o produto de pequenas perturbações3) Subtrair as equações de voo trimado4) Utilizar aproximações de senos e cossenos para pequenos ângulos
![Page 10: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Small disturbance theory
![Page 11: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Voo retilineo
Small disturbance theory
LongitudinalLateral
Motion decomposition: longitudinal / lateral
● Existence of a plane of symmetry● The absence of rotor gyroscopic effects
![Page 12: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Linear motion equations
![Page 13: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Longitudinal – Small disturbance equations
Elevator
Propulsion
Etkins notation
![Page 14: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Lateral – Small disturbance equations
Etkins notation
![Page 15: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Euler's formula
Control fixed problems
Considering a conjugatepair of eigenvalues
Oscillatory mode of period
Decays depends on
Pair of terms eigenvector
eigenvalue
![Page 16: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Eigenvalues interpretationEigenvalues
real complex
![Page 17: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Eigenvalues interpretationEigenvalues
real complex
![Page 18: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Eigenvalues interpretation
Important parameters
● Period● Time to double of time to half● Cycles to double or cycles to half
Until now, we cannot inferabout aircraft handling qualities
![Page 19: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Eigenvalues interpretation
Time to double or half
Cycles to double or half
Logarithmic decrement (log ratio of successive peaks)
“undamped” circular frequency
damping ratio
![Page 20: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Longitudinal modes of an aircraftBoeing 747 at Mach number 0.8 (40000 ft) cruising in horizontal flight
![Page 21: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Longitudinal modes of an aircraft
Computing eigenvalues in MATLAB[a,b] = eig(A)
Boeing 747 – Longitudinal matrix
Mode Name Period(s)
thalf(s)
Nhalf (cycles)
1 Phugoid 93.4 211 22.52 Short-period 7.08 1.86 0.26
Phugoid mode was first described by Lanchester in 1908
![Page 22: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Longitudinal modes of an aircraftBoeing 747 – Longitudinal matrix
Mode Name Period(s)
thalf(s)
Nhalf (cycles)
1 Phugoid 93.4 211 22.52 Short-period 7.08 1.86 0.26
Phugoid mode was first described by Lanchester in 1908
![Page 23: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Longitudinal modes of an aircraftBoeing 747 – Phugoid motion
Mode Name Period(s)
thalf(s)
Nhalf (cycles)
1 Phugoid 93.4 211 22.52 Short-period 7.08 1.86 0.26
![Page 24: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Longitudinal modes of an aircraftBoeing 747 – Short period
Mode Name Period(s)
thalf(s)
Nhalf (cycles)
1 Phugoid 93.4 211 22.52 Short-period 7.08 1.86 0.26
![Page 25: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Reduced order models
Short mode approximation
Rewriting...
![Page 26: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Reduced order models
For Boeing 747:
![Page 27: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Reduced order modelsPhugoid mode approximation
![Page 28: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Reduced order modelsPhugoid mode approximation
![Page 29: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Reduced order modelsPhugoid mode approximation
![Page 30: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Reduced order modelsPhugoid mode approximation
Solving the equation:
![Page 31: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Exercises
Roskam notation
Tasks
● Compute● the eigenvalues● Period● Time to double of time to half● Cycles to double or cycles to half
● Repeat the tasks using a reduced model for short period
Airplane A Airplane B
![Page 32: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Exercises
Airplane A – Cessna 182 Airplane B – Cessna T-37 A
![Page 33: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
University of São PauloSão Carlos School of Engineering
Department of Aeronautical Engineering
Lateral motionFlight Dynamics II
Ricardo Afonso Angé[email protected]
![Page 34: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Control fixed problems
No control forces
First-order differential equation
Solution
Eigenvalues are given by:
Solution:
![Page 35: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Lateral motion eigenvalues
Eigenvalues expected:● Two reals eigenvalues corresponding to spiral mode and rolling
convergence● One complex conjugate pair corresponding to dutch-roll mode
For real eigenvalues, a characteristic time can be computed:: real eigenvalues
: characteristic time for spiral mode
: characteristic time for rolling convergence
![Page 36: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Lateral motion equations
Main lateral modes:● Spiral mode● Rolling mode● Dutch roll
![Page 37: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
University of São PauloSão Carlos School of Engineering
Department of Aeronautical Engineering
Transfer functionsFlight Dynamics II
Ricardo Afonso Angé[email protected]
![Page 38: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Transfer functions
State-space form:
are matrices of constant coefficients
is the Transfer Function Matrix
is the polynomial matrix of function numerators
![Page 39: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Transfer functions
Considering
Numerator matrix
Characteristic polynomial
![Page 40: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
University of São PauloSão Carlos School of Engineering
Department of Aeronautical Engineering
Pilot ratings andaircraft handling qualities
Flight Dynamics II
Ricardo Afonso Angé[email protected]
![Page 41: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Introduction
✔ Provide some description of requirements on the aircraft dynamics
✔ VLA – Very light airplanes (JAR-VLA)
✔ FAR-23 (Wto < 5000 lb)
✔ FAR-25 (Wto > 5000 lb)
✔ MIL-F-8785C – military aircraft
FlightDynamics
System control andControl actuation systems
![Page 42: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Flight envelope
![Page 43: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Flight envelope
![Page 44: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Flight envelope
![Page 45: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Flight envelope
![Page 46: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Levels of aircraft qualities● Aircraft control authority
● To maintain steady-state rectilinear flight (ex.: cruise conditions)
● To maintain steady-state maneuvering(ex.: circular holding pattern)
● To take-off and to climb safely● To conduct an approach and to land safely
● Pilot compensation● Mental effort by the pilot while at the controls of aircraft
● Pilot workload● Maximum required stick force● Stick force per g● Stick force-speed gradient● Maximum aileron wheel force● Reversible and irreversible control systems
![Page 47: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Reversible control system
![Page 48: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Reversible control system
![Page 49: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Irreversible control system
![Page 50: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Levels of flying qualities● Classification
● Sublevels
![Page 51: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Cooper-Harper Pilot Rating Scale (CHPRS)
![Page 52: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Classes of aircraft
![Page 53: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Classes of aircraft
![Page 54: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Classification of aircraft maneuvers
● Category A
![Page 55: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Classification of aircraft maneuvers● Category B
● Category C
![Page 56: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Flying qualities for longitudinal dynamics● Longitudinal control forces
● Control forces for steady-state flight condition● Control forces for maneuvered flight● Control forces for take-off and landing● Control forces during dives
● Control forces for steady-state flight condition
![Page 57: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Flying qualities for longitudinal dynamics● Control forces for maneuvered flight
● Control force vs. load factor gradient
● Civil aircraft
![Page 58: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Flying qualities for longitudinal dynamics● Control forces for maneuvered flight
● Military aircraft
![Page 59: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Flying qualities for longitudinal dynamics● Control forces for take-off and landing
● Control forces for dives
![Page 60: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
'Requirements'● Phugoid mode
● Short-period mode
![Page 61: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Flying qualities for lateral directional● Lateral directional control forces
● Control forces on rolling maneuvers● Control forces for holding an specific direction (heading) with
asymmetric loading configurations● Control forces for holding an specific direction (heading) with
bank angle with an engine-out condition
● Control forces on rolling maneuvers
![Page 62: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Flying qualities for lateral directional● Control forces on rolling maneuvers
● Control forces for holding heading with asymmetric loading
![Page 63: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
Flying qualities for lateral directional● Control forces on rolling maneuvers
● Control forces for holding heading with asymmetric loading
● Control forces for holding an specific direction (heading) with bank angle with an engine-out condition
![Page 64: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
'Requirements'● Dutch-roll mode
![Page 65: An introduction to flight dynamics](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022012508/6185294d8a3993233438aaf5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
University of São Paulo – São Carlos School of Engineering – Department of Aeronautical Engineering ANGÉLICO, R.A.
References
✔ Etkin, B.; Reid, L. D. (1996) Dynamics of Flight: Stability and Control. John Wiley & Sons. 3rd ed.
✔ Roskam, J. (2001) Airplane Flight Dynamics and Automatic Flight Controls. DARcorporation.
✔ Davis, J. R.; Johnson, R.; Stepanek, J.; Fogarty, J. A. (2008) Fundamental of Aerospace Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 4th ed.
✔ Napolitano, M. R. (2011) Aircraft Dynamics: from modeling to simulation. John Wiley & Sons. Chapter 10 – Pilot rating and aircraft handling