An Introduction (1)

8/20/2019 An Introduction (1)

1/41

Principles ofPrinciples of

Organic and BiochemistryOrganic and BiochemistryEllen J. Wilson, RPh, PhDEllen J. Wilson, RPh, PhD

College of Southern arylandCollege of Southern aryland


2/41

!riedric" W!riedric" W##hler is the $father%hler is the $father%

of organic chemistryof organic chemistry


3/41

What is Organic Chemistry&What is Organic Chemistry&

car'oncar'on

o(ygeno(ygen

hydrogenhydrogennitrogennitrogen

phosphorusphosphorus

sulfur sulfur halogenshalogens


4/41

)opics in C*E+-)opics in C*E+-*ydrocar'ons*ydrocar'ons

Compounds that contain mostly car'onCompounds that contain mostly car'onand hydrogenand hydrogen

/lso called /lso called al"anesal"anes ethaneethane C*C*00 EthaneEthane C*C*--C*C*--

PropanePropane

C*C*--

C*C*,,

C*C*--

/re called /re called saturated saturated al"anesal"anes


5/41

1oo" Bac" to C*E+1oo" Bac" to C*E+


6/41

Saturated Saturated *ydrocar'ons*ydrocar'ons


7/41


Some al"anes are cyclic2Some al"anes are cyclic2cycloal"anescycloal"anes

CyclopropaneCyclopropane CC--**33 Cylco'utaneCylco'utane CC00**44 CyclopentaneCyclopentane CC55**+.+. Cyclohe(aneCyclohe(ane CC33**+,+,


8/41

Cycloal"anesCycloal"anes


9/41

/nother 6ie7 of Cycloal"anes /nother 6ie7 of Cycloal"anes


10/41

)opics in C*E+-)opics in C*E+-

*ydrocar'ons*ydrocar'ons Some al"anes areSome al"anes are substituted substituted Can ha8e other hydrocar'on groups orCan ha8e other hydrocar'on groups or

halogens on them in place of hydrogenhalogens on them in place of hydrogen


11/41


Some hydrocar'ons areSome hydrocar'ons are unsaturated unsaturated *a8e*a8e double bondsdouble bonds oror triple bondstriple bonds in place ofin place of

hydrogen in some placeshydrogen in some places


12/41

1oo" Bac" to C*E+1oo" Bac" to C*E+

REEBER999REEBER999 Car'on satisfies the octet rule 'y formingCar'on satisfies the octet rule 'y forming

0 'onds0 'onds *ydrogen satisfies the duet rule 'y forming*ydrogen satisfies the duet rule 'y forming

+ 'ond+ 'ond

EthaneEthane EtheneEthene EthyneEthyne

C*C*--C*C*-- C*C*,,C*C*,, C*C*C*C*

al"aneal"ane al"eneal"ene al"yneal"yne


13/41

:nsaturated *ydrocar'ons:nsaturated *ydrocar'ons


14/41


:nsaturated hydrocar'ons:nsaturated hydrocar'ons can also 'ecan also 'esu'stitutedsu'stituted


15/41


*ydrocar'ons*ydrocar'ons )here is a special class of hydrocar'ons)here is a special class of hydrocar'onscalledcalled aromatic aromatic hydrocar'onshydrocar'ons )hey are)hey are cycliccyclic andand unsaturatedunsaturated

Ben;eneBen;ene is an e(ampleis an e(ample CC33**33


16/41

/romatic *ydrocar'ons /romatic *ydrocar'ons


17/41

)opics in C*E+-)opics in C*E+-O(ygen9Containing CompoundsO(ygen9Containing Compounds

/lcohols /lcohols contain hydrocar'onscontain hydrocar'ons

plus an O*


18/41


O(ygen9Containing CompoundsO(ygen9Containing CompoundsPhenolsPhenols contain a 'en;enecontain a 'en;enering plus an O* groupring plus an O* group


19/41


O(ygen9Containing CompoundsO(ygen9Containing Compounds)hiols)hiols contain an S*


20/41


O(ygen9Containing CompoundsO(ygen9Containing CompoundsEthersEthers contain a hydrocar'on groupcontain a hydrocar'on groupon either side of an o(ygenon either side of an o(ygen


21/41


O(ygen9Containing CompoundsO(ygen9Containing Compounds /ldehydes /ldehydes andand "etones"etones containcontaincar'on dou'le 'onded to o(ygencar'on dou'le 'onded to o(ygen


22/41


O(ygen9Containing CompoundsO(ygen9Containing CompoundsCar'o(ylic acidsCar'o(ylic acids contain car'on dou'lecontain car'on dou'le'onded to o(ygen 7ith an O*


23/41

)opics in C*E+-)opics in C*E+-Car'ohydratesCar'ohydrates

What are car'ohydrates&What are car'ohydrates& SugarsSugars Speciali;ed o(ygen9containing compoundsSpeciali;ed o(ygen9containing compounds

Can 'eCan 'e onosaccharidesonosaccharides


24/41

Car'ohydratesCar'ohydrates


25/41

)opics in C*E+-)opics in C*E+- /mines and /mides /mines and /mides

Compounds that contain nitrogenCompounds that contain nitrogen /mines /mines can 'e primary, secondary, orcan 'e primary, secondary, or

tertiarytertiary


26/41


/mines and /mides /mines and /mides /mides /mides contain car'on dou'le 'onded tocontain car'on dou'le 'onded too(ygen plus an >* groupo(ygen plus an >* group


27/41

)opics in C*E+-)opics in C*E+-1ipids1ipids

What areWhat are lipidslipids&& !/)S?????!/)S????? /nother type of o(ygen9containing molecule /nother type of o(ygen9containing molecule / com'ination of long hydrocar'on and a / com'ination of long hydrocar'on and a

car'o(ylic acidcar'o(ylic acid

!ats can 'e!ats can 'e saturatedsaturated oror unsaturatedunsaturated


28/41

Saturated and :nsaturatedSaturated and :nsaturated

!atty /cids!atty /cids


29/41

What is Biochemistry&What is Biochemistry&

BiochemistryBiochemistry is the application of chemistryis the application of chemistry2'oth organic and inorganic22'oth organic and inorganic2

to li8ing organismsto li8ing organisms


30/41

)opics in C*E+-)opics in C*E+-ProteinsProteins

)he nitrogen9containing compounds in)he nitrogen9containing compounds inyour 'ody are proteinsyour 'ody are proteins )hey are 8ery large molecules)hey are 8ery large molecules )hey are made of speciali;ed molecules)hey are made of speciali;ed molecules

called amino acidscalled amino acids


31/41


32/41

En;ymes are speciali;ed proteinsEn;ymes are speciali;ed proteins


33/41

)opics in C*E+-)opics in C*E+-olecular @eneticsolecular @enetics

D>/D>/ R>/R>/


34/41


35/41

)opics in C*E+-)opics in C*E+-eta'olismeta'olism

What happens to the foods you eat&What happens to the foods you eat& Car'ohydrate meta'olismCar'ohydrate meta'olism

@lycolysis@lycolysis Citric acid cycleCitric acid cycle O(idati8e phosphorylationO(idati8e phosphorylation andand electronelectron

transporttransport


36/41

)opics in C*E+-)opics in C*E+-eta'olismeta'olism

What happens to the foods you eat&What happens to the foods you eat& 1ipid meta'olism1ipid meta'olism

B9o(idationB9o(idation

)al" a'out ho7 car'ohydrate and lipid)al" a'out ho7 car'ohydrate and lipidmeta'olism are lin"edmeta'olism are lin"ed


37/41


eta'olismeta'olism

)al" a'out the role that)al" a'out the role that insulininsulin plays inplays in'oth of them'oth of them

)al" a'out)al" a'out /merican diets /merican diets

AncludeAnclude protein meta'olismprotein meta'olism as 7ellas 7ell


38/41


39/41

An 1a' )oday ou Will 1oo" at 6ariousProperties of *ydrocar'ons

/ddition reactions 7ith 'romine :nsu'stituted

compound to asu'stituted compound

O(idation reactions *ydrocar'on to an

alcohol


40/41

An 1a' )oday

!lamma'ility ofhydrocar'ons Burn cleanly

al"ane Burns a little smo"y

al"ene

Burn 8ery smo"y

aromatic


41/41

An 1a' )oday

Boiling PointDetermination

!rom C*E+ What determines

'oiling point& What "ind of

compounds ha8e high

'oiling points& 1o7 'oiling points&

An Introduction (1)

Documents

Transcript of An Introduction (1)