An Interview with - ENCOGNITIVE.COM DANGERS OF GMOs... · An Interview with Author of Seeds of ......

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THE DANGERS OF GMOs Genetic Engineering in our Food Suppiy An Interview with Author of Seeds of Deception and Genetio Roulette Jeffrey Smith is a leading spokesperson on the health dangers of Genetically Modified Organisms CGMOs). In 2003 his first book. Seeds of Deception, documented the serious yet unknown side effects of geneticaily engineered foods. His second book. Genetic Roulette, just released this year, shows how the world's most powerfui Ag biotech companies bluff and mislead critics,Congress,and the FDA about food safety research for the products Americans buy every day. Mr, Smith directs the Campaign for Healthier Eating in America from the institute tor Responsible Technology, where he is executive director. Most people are somewhat aware ofthe environmental issues related to Genetically Modified Organisms, hut not as many realize that there are also a great deal of health risks associated with eating foods with genetically engineered ingredients. More importantly, most people don't realize the extent to which they are already in our food supply—in processed foods, in supplements, in animal feed, and in cooking oils used in restaurants—and the impending threat of a much larger proliferation of GMOs looming just around the corner. GMO expert Jeffrey Smith spent time with us to explain just what the hiotech industry doesn't want you to know—and what you can do to turn the tide against this very dangerous technology. Jeffrey, in your latest book. Genetic Roulette, you discuss how animals fed genetically modified foods have developed severe health problems, such as cancer, bleeding stomachs^ intestinal damage, and liver dis- ease. What are the most significant health risks to humans? The standard list includes allergies, toxins, new diseases, and nutritional problems. But because of the unpre- dictable nature of genetic engineering, there could be a huge range of health problems that might already be occur- ring among the population. Allergies are certainly a major issue. Soon after genetically modified soy was introduced to the U.K., soy allergies skyrocketed by 50%. We know that genetically modified soy has higher levels of a known allergen, as well as the introduction of a new protein that has allergenic properties. GMO soy also has higher residues of herbicide, and it appears to interfere with the production of digestive en- zymes, which could also increase the potential for allergic reactions. There is a cross-reactivity between soy allergies and peanut allergies, and so it may not have been a coincidence that peanut allergies doubled in the United States between 1997 and 2002, the 5 years immediately following the introduc- tion of genetically modified soy. We know that many products, like corn and cotton, are genetically engi- neered to produce a pesticide called BT or Bacillus thuringiensis. The excuse for allowing these plants to be inserted with genes that create this pesticide was that the pesticide has a history of safe use in conventional and organic agriculture. Those making this assumption, however, failed to take into consideration human and animal reactions that had been recorded. For example, about 500 Americans and Canadians reported allergic reactions, some quite serious, when they were sprayed with BT, which was being sprayed from the air by planes to com- bat gypsy moth infestation. Likewise, cotton farmers and agricultural labor- ers in India are reporting the exact same allergic reaction when they har- 10 Share Guide © Nov/Dec 2007 www,shareguide,com

Transcript of An Interview with - ENCOGNITIVE.COM DANGERS OF GMOs... · An Interview with Author of Seeds of ......

THE DANGERS OF GMOsGenetic Engineering in our Food Suppiy

An Interview with

Author of Seeds of Deceptionand Genetio Roulette

Jeffrey Smith is a leading spokesperson on the health dangers of Genetically Modified Organisms

CGMOs). In 2003 his first book. Seeds of Deception, documented the serious yet unknown side effects of

geneticaily engineered foods. His second book. Genetic Roulette, just released this year, shows how the

world's most powerfui Ag biotech companies bluff and mislead critics,Congress,and the FDA about food

safety research for the products Americans buy every day. Mr, Smith directs the Campaign for Healthier

Eating in America from the institute tor Responsible Technology, where he is executive director.

Most people are somewhat aware ofthe environmental issues related to Genetically ModifiedOrganisms, hut not as many realize that there are also a great deal of health risks associatedwith eating foods with genetically engineered ingredients. More importantly, most peopledon't realize the extent to which they are already in our food supply—in processed foods,in supplements, in animal feed, and in cooking oils used in restaurants—and the impendingthreat of a much larger proliferation of GMOs looming just around the corner. GMO expertJeffrey Smith spent time with us to explain just what the hiotech industry doesn't want you toknow—and what you can do to turn the tide against this very dangerous technology.

Jeffrey, in your latest book. GeneticRoulette, you discuss how animalsfed genetically modified foods havedeveloped severe health problems,such as cancer, bleeding stomachs^intestinal damage, and liver dis-ease. What are the most significanthealth risks to humans?

The standard list includes allergies,toxins, new diseases, and nutritionalproblems. But because of the unpre-dictable nature of genetic engineering,there could be a huge range of healthproblems that might already be occur-ring among the population. Allergiesare certainly a major issue. Soonafter genetically modified soy wasintroduced to the U.K., soy allergies

skyrocketed by 50%. We know thatgenetically modified soy has higherlevels of a known allergen, as well asthe introduction of a new protein thathas allergenic properties.

GMO soy also has higher residuesof herbicide, and it appears to interferewith the production of digestive en-zymes, which could also increase thepotential for allergic reactions. There isa cross-reactivity between soy allergiesand peanut allergies, and so it may nothave been a coincidence that peanutallergies doubled in the United Statesbetween 1997 and 2002, the 5 yearsimmediately following the introduc-tion of genetically modified soy.

We know that many products, likecorn and cotton, are genetically engi-

neered to produce a pesticide calledBT or Bacillus thuringiensis. Theexcuse for allowing these plants to beinserted with genes that create thispesticide was that the pesticide has ahistory of safe use in conventional andorganic agriculture. Those making thisassumption, however, failed to takeinto consideration human and animalreactions that had been recorded. Forexample, about 500 Americans andCanadians reported allergic reactions,some quite serious, when they weresprayed with BT, which was beingsprayed from the air by planes to com-bat gypsy moth infestation. Likewise,cotton farmers and agricultural labor-ers in India are reporting the exactsame allergic reaction when they har-

10 Share Guide © Nov/Dec 2007 www,shareguide,com

vest this BT cotton—or even load itonto trucks, lean against it, or work inginning factories. So we don't know ifthe corn that produces this BT is alsocontributing to allergic reactions inhumans.

We do know that when sheep inIndia were allowed to graze on thecotton plants after harvest, one in foursheep died within five to seven days,with an estimated 10,000 dead sheepin the region. We also know that farm-ers in the Philippines and in Germanydescribe how animals fed certain vari-eties of GM corn died. In the UnitedStates, about two dozen farmers saythat certain varieties of BT corn causetheir pigs or cows to become sterile.(Most likely thousands of pigs wereinvolved.) Even Filipinos living next toa BT cornfield developed serious andmysterious symptoms while they werebreathing in the corn pollen during thetime of pollination. Blood tests verifiedan immune response to the BT toxinfrom these villagers.

The following year, when the sameseeds were planted in four more

villages, the same symptoms returnedduring the time of pollination, whenthe people were breathing in the BTpollen. And that's just allergies. Weknow about reproductive problems andtoxins, as well.

Is there actually research provinga connection between GMOs andfood sensitivity, autoimmune dis-ease, andlor cancer?

There's not a lot of peer reviewedanimal feeding safety studies onGMOs—perhaps about two dozenstudies altogether. Research has shownpotentially pre-cancerous cell growthin the digestive tract of rats. Andscientists saw damaged and proUfera-tive cell growth in rats that were fedBT. We've seen immune responses inalmost every animal feeding study thathas been tested for immune responses.That included Monsanto's BT corn,an experimental potato, etc. We don'thave any studies that specifically trackautoimmune disease. However, we did

—continued on page 73

"If we don't stop it, and wesimply give up, the biotechindustry has a geneticallyengineered counterpart tovirtually every fruit, vegetabie,grain & bean that is being soldin the United States. Morethan 172 different specieshave already been field-trialed."

INTRODUCING THE NON-GMO PROJECT:An innovative effort that's establishing a consistent Non-GHO choice in the USA & Canada

NONGMOProject

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The Non-GMO Project is anon-profit organization createdby leaders representing all sec-tors of the organic and naturalproducts industry in the UnitedStates and Canada. It's purposeis to develop and uphold astandardized definition of "non-GMO" for organic and naturalproducts that are producedwithout genetic engineering orrecombinant DNA technologies.

The Non-GMO Project's centra!mission is to provide:

I) KnowledgeOffering information on GMOsthat will help the organic andnatural foods industry to

understand and avoid using themin their products.

2) StandardA uniform, authoritative, consen-sus-based standard with which toverify non-GMO foods.

3) Ver i f icat ion ProgramA centralized, economical, confi-dential, third-party program forverifying that products meet thenon-GMO standard. (The sealshown at right will appear on prod-ucts beginning in 2008.) A draftof the non-GMO standard hasbeen finished and is available forcomment through November 30,2007. The content of this draft re-flects diligent efforts on the part of

the Non-GMO Project's Board ofDirectors and Technical AdvisoryBoard—a collective group of over30 leading members of the NorthAmerican natural products industry.(You can read the draft online atwww.nongmoproject.org) Afterthis review process the standardwill be finalized and starting inJanuary 2008 products will beginshowing the Non-GMO seal.

—more info on page 73

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Interview with Jeffrey Smith

o n G M O s —continued from page II

find that in the case of peas that were genetically engineered(as well as corn), that the animals developed sensitivityto formerly harmless compounds, not just the geneticallymodified proteins. In other words, it was as if it was in-voking multiple chemical sensitivity in the animals, so thatproducts which were normally nourishing were now beinginterpreted as a threat to the immune system.

What are the most common GM food ingredients onthe market today? And if people cannot afford to eatall organic foods, what are the things most importantto avoid?

There are seven food crops. Soy, corn, cottonseed, andcanola are the four major ones, all used for vegetable oil.Soy and corn derivatives are almost omnipresent amongprocessed foods. There's also Hawaiian papaya and a littlebit of zucchini and yellow squash. In addition, there aredairy products made from cows injected with rBGH (syn-thetic growth hormone). And there are genetically modified

enzymes and food additives that are not usually listed onthe label of processed foods. One exception is aspartame, agenetically engineered sweetener which is listed on labels.There's also milk and dairy products from animals that havebeen fed genetically modified grain.

If someone is seeking to limit their intake of geneti-cally modified crop inputs, then one can either buy organicproducts or buy products that say non-GMO on their label.Otherwise, you can read the label and avoid the ingredientsthat are at risk, which would include soy and corn deriva-tives, vegetable oil made from soy, corn, cottonseed, or cano-la, or any Hawaiian papaya. (Unfortunately, there's been ahuge contamination of papaya, even ofthe organic and wildpapaya varieties on the islands.) Lastly, eating nonorganiczucchini and yellow squash will always be a risk while it's onthe market unlabeled, although it's only in small quantities.In addition to avoiding GMO crops I just mentioned, thereare varieties of sweet corn that are genetically engineered,but it's not a large percentage.

On a positive note, many dairies are now advertising orlabeling their products as free from the use of rBGH.Andof course, organic certification does not allow rBGH to beused on the cows. Also popcorn, white corn, blue corn, andred corn are all free of genetic engineering at this point.

— iontinuett on page 77

History of The Non-GMO ProjectThe Non-GMO Project started in Berkeley at The

Natural Grocery Company, a small neighborhoodnatural grocery store, tn 2003, in response to lettersfrom customers who were concerned about a GM soylecithin that the store was carrying, a group of employeesinitiated the "People Want to Know Campaign." This ef-fort rallied 161 grocery stores and co-ops throughoutthe United States in a letter-writing campaign to manu-facturers of natural food products and supplements in theUnited States. The goal was to discover the GMO statusof products, so that the stores' consumers could be of-fered an informed choice. The results of this campaignwere mixed, with a central problem being the lack of aconsistent, industry-wide standard for what "non-GMO"actually meant.

Prior to this, in 2001. The Big Carrot Natural FoodMarket in Toronto. Ontario implemented a non-GMOpurchasing policy after a year and a half of research. Theysimply discontinued those product lines that were notconfirmed by the manufacturer to be non-GMO. It wasa radical and very successful move for the store. But theabsence of an authoritative standard for non-GMO cre-ated problems for this effort as well, and led The BigCarrot to look for a more comprehensive and reliable

way in which to continue providing its customers withnon-GMO foods. In 2005. The Natural Grocery Companyand The Big Carrot Natural Food Market teamed up toform the Non-GMO Project, with a common goal of cre-ating a standardized meaning of non-GMO for the NorthAmerican food industry. To give the Project the rigorousscientific foundation and world-class technical supportnecessary for this endeavor, the stores began workingwith the Global ID Group, the world's leaders in non-GMO testing, certification, and consulting.

In the spring of 2007, the Non-GMO Project expand-ed its Board of Directors to include representatives fromall stakeholder groups in the natural products industry,including consumers, retailers, farmers, and manufactur-ers. Major sponsors of the project include Eden Foods.Organic Valley, Lundberg Rice, Nature's Path, WholeFoods. Good Earth Natural Foods. The Big Carrot, TheNatural Grocery Company, and United Natural Foods.

This past year the Non-GMO Project has beenengaged in a comprehensive benchmarking process tocreate the authoritative definition of non-GMO thathas been missing, and formulate a standard and corre-sponding Non-GMO Seal, which will begin implemen-tation in 2008. ^

www.shareguide.com Nov/Dec 2007 % Share Guide 73

Interview with Jeffrey Smith on GMOs — continued from page 73

Regarding the Hawaiian papayo you mentioned ear-lier, are you saying there's been contamination of pa-paya because of cross pollination?

The contamination of papaya comes from two sources. First,there's the cross-pollination of the trees from the wind thatcarries the seeds. This means that the fruit that's producedby the tree is still non-GMO, but the seeds produced withinthat fruit are GM contaminated. Second, because peopleeat papaya and just throw the seeds away, or throw themout into the fields, they can grow in the wild. So peopleinadvertently spread the seeds of the genetically engineeredvarieties.

Do you think the rise in cancer rates could be a resultofGM foods?

Most certainly it could be. In fact, any upturn in healthproblems that corresponds with the last 10 years could herelated to GM consumption. However, it's difficult to iden-tify and isolate, given that there's no hunian clinical trialsand no post-marketing surveillance. The indications fromanimal studies are that there's probably several health dan-gers and effects already mounting in the population.

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What about other food allergies besides soy? Are thoseon the upswing as well?

There are several food allergies that are on the upswing, butthere's no surveillance mechanism in the United States thatcarefully monitors food allergies. We've been hearing re-ports from hospitals and doctors and other experts describ-ing this huge increase, particularly among children, who aremost susceptible to allergies. It's possible that the ingestionof genetically modified foods could cause a sensitivity tonon-GM foods, as I mentioned before, by breaking downthe normal functioning of the immune system.

What are the risks to children and babies? Your latestbook says that the trans genes can survive digestionand be passed through the placenta into the fetus.

The transfer of genes is a very, very serious issue. The onlyhuman feeding study ever conducted on GM foods verifiedthat the gene inserted into soybeans transferred into humangut bacteria DNA, and was integrated on a stable basis.This means long after you stop eating a genetically modi-fied food, you might still have this foreign protein produced

—continued on page 78

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Interview with Jeffrey Smitho n G M O s — continued from page 77

inside your gut. One ot the more scary examples would beif you ate a genetically modified corn chip, and the genethat produces the BT toxin (the pesticide) were to transferto your gut bacteria, it could theoretically transform yourintestinal flora into living pesticide factories...possibly forthe rest of your life. In addition, genes might also transferinto your own cellular DNA, causing it to produce foreignproteins. Or the promoter, the so-called "on switch" whichswitches on the foreign genes in these genetically modifiedcrops, might transfer into your own human DNA and turnon genes at random, causing them to overproduce either atoxin, allergen, carcinogen, or anti-nutrient. We just don'tknow; it's a genetic roulette!

So when you insert foreign genes into DNA, can it trig'ger reactions throughout the whole DNA chain?

Well, that's a different thing. What we're talking aboutnow is the gene that you insert into corn, for example, orsoy. The way that you create that gene and insert it tendsto dismantle the normal barriers for gene transfer—whichmeans it optimizes the likelihood that that foreign gene willtake up residence in the DNA of your gut bacteria, and beproducing its foreign protein within you. Now, that is a veryserious long-term threat of genetically modified products.It also threatens children, because their digestive juices areless developed, and so the transgenic DNA may be likely tosurvive longer (and more of it), and therefore, transfer morereadily into the gut bacteria or possibly into the organs. Sowe're creating what might be lifelong health issues by expos-ing infants and children to genetically modified products.From studies weVe seen with DNA fed to pregnant mice,fragments of it ended up in the brains of their offspring,showing that DNA can travel through the placenta andacross the blood-brain barrier.

You've mentioned damage can occur in the process ofinserting a gene. Can you explain?

This is a very critical feature of the genetic engineering pro-cess, and it's important to understand how imprecise andprimitive the technology is—and all the unpredictable waysthat it can create problems. When a scientist wants to cre-ate a pesticide-producing crop, for example, he or she willtypically take a gene out of the soil bacteria that producesthe pesticide naturally, make some changes in the gene, adda promoter to turn it on, and an antibiotic-resistant markergene, and then make millions of copies of that gene andplace them in a gene gun, and then blast them into millions

78 Share Guide 'ti> Nov/Dec 2007 u'WM'.shareguide.cotn

of cells in the hopes that some of the genes make it intothe DNA of some of those cells. They can't evaluate whichgenes got the cells, so they douse all the cells with anti-biotics, killing them all except the very few that have thegene inserted into the DNA—because there, the antibiotic-resistant marker gene causes a cell to become invincible toa particular antibiotic. Then they take the surviving cellsand they clone them into plants in a process called "tissueculture," which may, in turn, be cloned again to reproduceenough available seed. The process of inserting the gene andcloning creates massive collateral damage in the DNA.

The cloning alone can cause changes in the geneticstructure of 2-4% ofthe DNA. That's thousands and mil-lions of changes that can occur as a result of the insertionprocess. Also, there's damage typically adjacent to the inser-tion point, and fragments of other genes that can be placedup and down the DNA. All told, you can end up increas-ing or decreasing levels of proteins that are being createdby normal, native genes in the DNA. In fact, one study ofa human cell showed that just the insertion process alonecaused up to 5% of all ofthe active genes to change their lev-els of expression. This shows that there's a holistic responseto this insertion process that Is not well-understood and iscompletely unpredictable.

So it's not like snapping a Lego into place.

That's right. It's a holistic efFect. In fact, there was an articlein the New York Times recently that said the understand-ing that genes react as whole networks dismantles all ofthesafety risk assessments of GMOs that have gone on. Thisbasically undermines the foundation of genetically engi-neered crops, which is under the assumption that a singlegene will be able to insert precisely and have only a singleeffect, but there's actually a holistic effect that has not beentaken into consideration.

Vou write that when given the choice, animals avoidGM foods. How do you think they can tell the differ-ence, and is there any way people can learn to recog-nize GMO foods the way animals do?

I don't know how animals know which products are geneti-cally engineered, but when cows or pigs are exposed to GMcorn versus non-GM corn, they tend to eat only the non-GM corn and avoid the GM corn altogether. Squirrels, rats,geese, deer, elk, raccoons...all of these animals have beenshown to have a strong preference when given a choice. Wedon't know if it's the smell or something more subtle, but itwould be wonderful to raise humans to the level of animals.Right now we cannot do this.

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Interview with Jeffrey Smith

o n G M O s — continued from page 79

That's a real possibility. Not only may some ofthe nourish-ing elements of foods be reduced, but it may be that someof the medicinal qualities of foods that haven't even beendiscovered yet might be eliminated—due to the unpredictedchanges in the DNA of these genetically modified crops.The functionality of foods and how these natural productscan fight disease and improve our well-being is a new sci-ence. We have yet to identify most of these compounds, andyet, we're making massive changes in genetically modifiedcrops that could increase or decrease these compoundswithout our knowing it. We do know that certain products,like genetically modified soy, have about 12 to 14% less oftheir cancer-fighting properties. And they have less protein,plus higher levels of an anti-nutrient which could block theabsorption of other nutrients. Many of these things wereaccepted by reviewers of these products without question,although in most cases the nutrient changes have not beentested or monitored at all.

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It wasn't the scientists' idea to allow these foods on themarket without some significant testing. Documents madepublic from a lawsuit show that the overwhelming consen-sus among the FDA scientists was that these foods wereinherently dangerous and could create poisons or allergens,new diseases, or nutritional problems, and they had urgedsuperiors to require a long-term study. However, the FDAwas under orders from the White House to promote the bio-technology industry. Therefore, they created a new position,the Deputy Commissioner of Policy, and hired Monsanto'sformer attorney, Michael Taylor. So Michael Taylor was incharge of policy at the FDA when the GMO policy was cre-ated. That policy stated that the agency was not aware of anyinformation showing that the foods created from these newmethods differed in any meaningful or uniform way. Onthe basis of that one sentence the FDA said "We require nosafety studies whatsoever." If Monsanto and others wantedto claim that their foods were safe, the FDA had no furtherquestions. That sentence, which was the basis ofthe policy,turned out to be a lie. Not only was the agency aware ofthedifferences of GM foods, but this was the overwhelmingconsensus among their own scientists.

The consistent denials and cover-up about the healthrisks of GM foods seems very similar to what went onwith the cigarette industry.

80 Share Guide © Nov/Dec 2007 www.shareguide.com

There's absolutely a consistent theme of denial of healthrisks. There's also the rigging of research to force conclu-sions of safety. In Genetic Roulette I have a whole sectiondedicated to showing how the industry meticulously de-signs their studies to avoid finding problems. They havebad science down to a science!

This has been going on longer than people realize.Many people know that the amino acid L-tryptophanwas banned from the natural marketplace for yearsdue to some people foiling ill from it. But until readingyour book, we did not realize that this was linked toa genetically engineered bacteria used to produce thesupplement.^

Back in the 1980s about 100 people died, and anywherefrom 5 to 10,000 fell sick or were permanently disableddue to one brand of L-tryptophan (out of the six brands ofthis supplement that were being imported into the UnitedStates). The one brand was manufactured through a geneti-cally modified bacteria. It took many years to identify thatthere was even an epidemic taking place, and they tracked itto specific contaminants in this brand of L-tryptophan thatalmost certainly were the result of the genetic engineeringprocess. The FDA, however, decided to take all tryptophanoff the market, not just this particular brand, and with-held information from the public and even from Congressabout the genetic engineering aspects of the problem. It wasa sobering lesson. The only reason that they were able toeven discover the epidemic was because the disease was rare,acute, and came on quickly. If all three characteristics hadnot been in place at the same time, it is likely that this samedangerous L-tryptophan could still be on the market today.It begs the question: What about the current crops on themarket? Might they be contributing to common diseases,like heart disease, cancer, obesity, and diabetes? Might theyalso be contributing to diseases that are not as serious, sothat they could pass undetected? Or might they be buildingup a disease that will take us 20 years to discover, or evenuntil the next generation to manifest? We don't know if tht-introduction of genetically modified foods is related to thedoubling of food-related illnesses in the United States be-tween 1994 and 2001, because it may not stand out the waythe tryptophan disaster did.

Are any other supplements produced with geneticallyengineered ingredients?

Yes, many supplements are created from genetically engi-neered bacteria or microorganisms. It is a secret among thesupplement industry how embedded they are with geneti-cally engineered technology.

Will this come out in the labeling ofGM foods startingnext year? . ,

' —continued on page 82

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Interview with Jeffrey Smitho n G M O s — continued from page 81

Yes, we are working on this, and helping supplement manu-facturers to understand better where the genetic engineer-ing is and what alternatives they have.

The situation with GMOs reminds us of another in-vention, chiorofiuorohydrocarbons, or CFCs. WhenCharles Midgley invented these in 1928, everyonethought they were much safer than the poisonousammonia and sulfur dioxide gases originally used inrefrigerators. It took many years before we knew howbadly they had affected the environment. But GMOsseem to be much worse, because they're alive and theycan replicate themselves, and even if we stop now, itmay be too late.

That's right. The effects of this self-propagating geneticpollution may outlast the effects of global warming andnuclear waste. We do not have the technology to fully cleanit up today—but that should not be an excuse for givingup. We can certainly dramatically reduce the number ofgenetically modified plants out there, even if we do not havethe ability to completely clean up the gene pool. If we don'tstop it, and we simply give up, the biotech industry has agenetically engineered counterpart to virtually every fruit,vegetable, grain, and bean that is being sold on the marketin the United States. More than 172 different species havebeen field-trialed, with more than 50,000 field trials per-formed in the United States alone.

The stated goal ofthe biotech industry is to geneticallyengineer 100% ofthe commercial seeds in the world and pat-ent them. This was Monsanto's ideal future, as described toArthur Anderson Consulting. They actually described thisprocess at a January 1999 conference in San Francisco. Inthat same meeting, another biotech representative showed agraph projecting a 95% takeover of commercial seeds withinthe next 5 years. However, within three weeks their ideal fu-ture crashed when a food safety scandal erupted in Europe.This involved a genetically modified food researcher namedArpad Pusztai who discovered that supposedly harmlesspotatoes caused massive damage to rats. He was fired fromhis job after 35 years and silenced with threats of a lawsuit.Once he was able to speak, there was a massive rush in themedia to cover the event—which, according to one writer,divided society into two warring blocks on the GMO issue.Within a few weeks, the consumer concern was too muchand the manufacturers committed to remove GM ingre-dients from their European brand. So this kind of vulner-ability of the GM industry is what we're seeing now in theUnited States. Oprah Winfrey could literally end genetic

82 Share Guide ii> Nov/Dec 2007

engineering in the food supply in 60 minutes—because assoon as people realize these foods are in their diets alreadyand how dangerous they are, they will definitely choosenon-GM ingredients. We will give them the choice throughnon-GMO shopping guides, which I think will wipe outGMOs from the food supply.

The treatment of Arpad Pusztai is not uncommon.In Russia, a leading researcher in the Russian NationalAcademy of Sciences discovered that female rats that werefed genetically modified soy had an infant mortality rate ofover 50% within the first three weeks, compared to onlyabout 10% of the offspring with mothers who were fed non-GM soy. This scientist has since been told she could not doany more GM food research. This type of pressure has beenreproduced all over the world whenever adverse findings arefound or reported.

In Europe, GM foods must be labeled, and there's somuch anti-GM sentiment that the food companieshave eliminated them or changed recipes to removesoy, corn, and other GM foods from their products.What can we do to combat GM foods here in theUnited States?

The first thing would be to protect yourself against thepotential dangers by adopting a non-GM diet. I also en-courage people to begin GM-free school campaigns intheir region. Our video. Hidden Dangers In Kids' Meals,combined with our 60-page manual and our free website(ResponsibleTechnology.org) and listserv make this turnkeyapproach very easy as a method of alerting the communityto the health dangers.

By shopping organically you can avoid a large percent-age of tainted foods, but even if you're discerning, canyou avoid everything?

You can do very, very well by reading labels and knowingwhat to look for. At SeedsofDeception.com we have a listof many of the derivatives of soy and corn, which may notbe obvious, like dextrose and maltodextrin. When eatingin restaurants, it's important to ask if they use vegetable oilwhich is genetically engineered—that would be soy, corn,cottonseed, or canola—orif they cook with olive oil or otheroils. If the restaurant uses vegetable oil, I ask them to cookmy food in olive oil, or I choose a different restaurant. SB

Learn more about GMOs at www.responsibletechnology.org andvyww.nongmoproject.org.

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