WITH INFORMATION already pastthe glut stage, we don't need more in-formation so much as better ways offinding and using what we want andneed to know. What we need is moreintelligence.

Intelligence can be defined as themeans by which information is pro-cessed to bring out its use-value. It canalso be the product of that process. In-telligence can be as simple as passingon a clipping to someone who mightbenefit from reading it (connecting aneed with a source), or as complex asa team-written study projecting theworld 25 years into the future.The two most common vernacularmeanings of the wor, "intelligence"are personal smarts and espionage.This survey deals mainly with the latter.

CIA ogent Zloodin Mohmoud. -Gehelm

Intelligence agencies that operate insecret are politkally problematic.Those that operate openly, such as theU.S. Census Bureau, usually are not.Intelligence agencies that seek secrecyoften argue that this js necessary either

'because what they wont to find outisn't public, or because their sourceswould surely protest, dissemble or dryup if they knew they were being moni-tored. The problem is that no matterhow well-justified, secrecy also makesoversight, external direction, and con-trol difficult. Moreover, a covert'net-work for information-gathering pro-vides an all-too-handy infrastructurefor carrying out secret interventions:

events con not only be reported, theycan be caused.

Whatever your feelings about theethics of espionage, there can be nodoubt that all national leaders look tointelligence agencies for answers andguidance in important matters of state.They are thus quite influential, and ina crisis our fate may hinge on theirwork. We need to understand them.Plus, even without security clearances,we can all make use of some of theirsources and products, and adopt pro-fessional techniques to good noncovertpurposes. Government agencies haveno monopoly on intelligence.

IIBIIIIIMI~~,~cl~'l11A A

THERE'S A GROWING NUMBER OFperiodicals available to the publicreporting on intelligence work. Theyrun the gamut from rabidly hostileto sycophantic, from thoroughly re-searched to merely polemical to justplain fluff. When the stance is criticaland the focus is on agencies of thecountry where the publication is bas-ed, on intelligence magazine may beoperating at the edge of that society'stolerance for journalism.Among the better critical journals, In.telgence/PrapolHkcs provides a con-cise monthly overview of recent pressreports about covert activities world-wide. Most articles are summarized,others are reprinted whole. Emphasisis always on facts rather than polemics.Published in Paris, it comes in "full"and "summary" editions, both avail-able in either French or English. By allmeans get the "full" version.Philip Agee and Norman Mailer help-ed the Covert Action InformattonBulletin get started in 1978. CAIBused to make a point of revealing thenames and covers of currently activeCIA agents. Since passage of the In-telligence Identities Protection Act in1982, they've shied away from nam-ing names, concentrating instead onmore general detective work, piecingtogether incidents and relationships toadduce U.S.-backed covert operationsor disinformation campaigns. Oftenassembled into theme issues, CAIl ar-ticles are opinionated but based onsubstantial research.

The National Reporter has similar pre-occupations (it used to be called Coun-

terspy), but is not as slick or as well-documented as CAIII.

Germany has a history of state-spon-sored domestic surveillance, and isnow a major arena for East-West spy-sparring. The West German magazineGehelm (Secret) boldly spotlights thismurky business. It seems especially in-tent on breaking the covers of Amer-ican and Soviet agents (they have a"Naming Names" column almostevery issue), and is very critical of itsown government. (All articles inGerman.)Lobster is a British newsletter on intel-ligence, "porapolitics" and "stateresearch," published somewhat irre-gularly, with no love for British intel-ligence, the right wing, or internationalconspiracies. (Content varies quite abit from issue to issue, so it's not easyto characterize.)

Ug SiSter is a little newsletter publish-ed by OASIS (Organisation to Abolishthe Security Intelligence Service),which reports on domestic spying andforeign involvements of New Zealand'sSIS.

The British newsletter Counterpointand the U.S.-based NIghtwatch arelikewise specific in their focus: Sovietpropaganda and disinformation. Butwhere Counterpoint is analytical, try-ing to deduce the goals of specific pro-paganda projects by close study of theproducts (or suspected products),Nlghtwatch indulges in a lot more free-floating paranoia and Cold War spe-culation.

Military Intelligence may be the only

27 GATE FIVE ROAD SAUSALITO. CA 9496S 6172?

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periodical published by an intelligenceagency about their work that offerssubscriptions to the public. Ml occa-sionally has interesting articles, but itsmain purpose seems to be to dissemi-nate innocuous bureaucratic news andpromote careers in Army intelligence.Published by a school that trains sol-diers in tactical intelligence for the bat-tlefield, the feature articles tend eitherto be very general, or case-studies withparable value.

The Intemoational Journal of Intill.#ence and Counterintelligence readsa bit like an academic journal whosereason for existence is to help its au-thors inch closer to tenure. In this in-stance, the authors are mostly eitherretired from or aspiring to intelligenceagency employment. We can onlyhope the CIA's classified journal, Stu-dies In intelligence, is more trenchant.

Somewhat livelier, though no less aca-demic, is Intelligence and National Se-curity, published in England. It em-phasizes historical scholarship ratherthan current events, and while manyarticles concern British activities, itsscope is worldwide. Not as rabidlycritical as, say, Gehelm or CAIB, theeditor nonetheless hopes "to lift someof the official veils which still point-lessly conceal the past history of in-telligence."

Livelier still, though much thinner, is theIntelligence Quarterly, edited byMichael Speers and Rupert Allason(a.k.a. Nigel West). Mostly book re-views by writers who are themselves'well-known authors in the field, it in-cludes a set-the-fur-flying columnwhich reviews the reviews of intelli-gence books in other publications -"a new art-form which might makesome small contribution to keepingsuch reviewers more honest - or atleast forcing them to read the book inquetion all the way through."

Qo s hief competitor is the Foreign In-teUlgence Uterary Scene, which, witha ciange of editorship in 1986, seemsto have lost whatever independence itmay have had from those running theU.S agencies. Book reviews fill mostof the page-space; there's also aregular listing of recent intelligence-related articles in the establishmentpress.

First Principles (reviewed in CQ 39:58)fights the impulse to use the legitimateneed for secrecy in intelligence workto conceal illegal activities and thwartpublic oversight. Published by the Cen-ter for National Security Studies, onactive FOIA litigator, it features "op-ed" type opinion essays, policy ana-lyses, and condensed coverage of re-cent court cases and news articles.

The biweekly Access Reprts IFYI maynot be affordable by most people, butits detailed coverage of legislative ac-tivity, federal regulations and courtcases concerning privacy, freedom ofinformation, and security classificationis without peer.

Last and least, we have Espionage, arelatively new Guccione-backed publi-

e

In an effort to reduce anti-nuclear sen-timent in the South Pacific, the USA hasoffered Nevada nuclear test sites to theFrench government several times (In-ternat. Herold Tribune, Paris, 870622).But France has always refused. TheFrench press has mentioned the pos-sibility that the Kerguelen or Crozetislands could be used as French nu-clear test sites and that this may bewhy the Australian trawler SouthernRaider was sunk by the French navyfor spying in the area.

-Intelligence/Parapolitics

C

Give an analyst a paper with sentencesof information on it and he will imme-diately do three things: check it foraccuracy; evaluate its place in the con-text of his own knowledge of its sub-ject matter; try to exploit it for produc-tion of a finished report or study.Now give the same paper to a fieldcase officer. He will also do threethings, but they are different. He willexamine it to identify its source; at-tempt to intuit, learn, or guess thesource's motive for promulgating it;grope for a way of using it to influ-ence somebody, usually a prospectiveagent.In other wards, the analyst's habit isto react ad causam, the case officer'sad hominem. The analyst focuses onsubject matter and its relevance tounderstanding recorded events; thefield case officer, on the other hand,

cation. According to one of their sub-scription ads, it's "the only interna-tional espionage magazine in exis-tencel" Which should give you an ideaof the quality of journalism it offers.Actually, it's mainly short fiction piecesand reviews of spy novels, with re-hashes of last year's newspaper spysensations mixed in for "realism."Definitely NOT recommended. o

focuses on people and their motives.-International Journal of

Intelligence and Counterintelligence

A Trojan Horse of sorts is slowly edg-ing its way into the Black communityin the U.S. By political and religiousmeans, the for Right is attempting tocurry Black support for its causes. De-ception and misrepresentation are themain tactics being employed in thisnoxious endeavor. By addressing issuesof concern to Blocks, such as abortion,school prayer, starvation in Africa, mi-nority rights, and political empower-ment, a number of Blacks are beingduped by far-right forces into support-ing causes that are diametrically op-posed to their interests.

-Covert Action

Roy Innie, founder of the Congr es of ao.del Equelity (CORE), shakeo hands with

emrnhrd Geet. -Covert Acton

The New York Times has won an im-portant FOIA victory against NASA,which circumscribes the limits of per-sonal information in the wake of the

62 WHOLE EARTH REVIEW WINTER 1987 2-71

Manslone and a fellow SEAL wre called upon to load the raid on Hon Me Island -mission that served as a trigger mechanism for a pr-planned series of events designedto provoke the North Vietnamese 'ttadcks In the Gulf of Tonkin.-The Natlonol IRporter

Supreme Court's decision in Depart-ment of State vs. Washington Post.After NASA recovered the Challeng-er's voice recorder last year, The Timesrequested a copy of the tapes. NASAreleased a transcript, but refused toprovide a copy of the tapes, citing Ex-emption 6 (invasion of privacy). Theagency claimed the tapes were per-sonal in ththt they were closely identi-nea wiT me ..nanenger asTronauTsand that their release would invadethe privacy of the families.

Without reaching the issue of the fami-lies' privacy rights, Judge Norma Hol-loway Johnson has ordered NASA torelease the tapes, finding that they donot qualify for protection under Ex-emption 6.... -Access Reports/

FOI NewsletteraCovert operations breed a disrespectfor the truth. One starts out lying to theenemy, then to the public, then theCongress, then other agencies, andthen to the person in the next office.One starts out lying about the essen-tials and then discovers how easy it isand how effective and starts lyingabout other aspects of the operationand then about many things. If it isokay to lie about aid to the contras,why not about arms for hostages, oran imminent invasion of Grenada? Ifthe extent of the lie spreads inexorably,so do the targets of the lie. The needto know principle justifies lying not onlyto the public and to the Congress butto others in the Executive branch andeven in the CIA and on the staff of theNational Security Council who are notwithin the circle. -First Principles

Ranelagh's description of the relation-ship of CIA to the Carter administra-tion is succinct, accurate, and telling -probably the best in print to dote."With a President so limited," writesRanelagh, "the CIA had little chanceof being properly used or appreci-

ated." And CIA employees, used to arole of responsiveness to the President,learned this quickly. When Carter tookoffice, they figuratively stood, saluted,and said - Where do we go fromhere? They found that President Car-ter, to use Ranelagh's phrase, "was aprofoundly ignorant (though by nomeans unintelligent) American, espe-cially in the areas of economics, inter-

Access IReort/FYh Harry Ham-mitt, editor. $250/year (24 issues)from Monitor Publishing Co., 1301Pennsylvania Ave./Ste. 1000, Wash-ington, D.C. 20004.Big SISten $5/4 issues from OASIS,Box 1666, Wellington, Aotearoa NZ.Counterpolnh Stanislav Levchenkoand Peter Deriabin, editors. $35/year (12 issues) from Ickham Publi-cations Ltd., Westonhanger, Ickhom,Canterbury CT3 1QN, England.Covert Action Information Bulletin:$15/year (3 issues) from Covert Ac-tion Information Bulletin, P. O. Box50272, Washington, D.C. 20004.Espionage: Jackie Lewis, editor/pub-lisher. $21/year (6 issues) from Leo11 Publications, P. O. Box 1184,Teaneck, NJ 07666.Firt Principles: Sally Berman, editor.$15/year (6 issues; $10/year forstudents) from Center for NationalSecurity Studies, 122 Maryland Ave.NE, Washington, D.C. 20002.Foreign Intelligence Literary Scene:Morjorie W. Cline and David L.Thomas, editors. $25/year (6 issues)from National Intelligence StudyCenter, 1800 K Street NW, Wash-ington, D.C. 20006.Gehelm: DM 90/year (4 issues) from:Lutticher Strasse 14, 5000 Koln 1,Federal Republic of Germany.Intelligence and National Security:Christopher Andrew, editor. £22/

national affairs, and history." Agencyofficers soon perceived that the Presi-dent seemed to think that CIA mightbe out to undermine him. Ranelaghpoints out that during his campaignCarter had portrayed CIA as a "na-tional disgrace." Whether or not hebelieved this, Carter failed to realizethat the CIA, by legislation and prac-tice, hod always been loyal first andforemost to the President.-Foreign Intelligence Literary Scene

According to the authors of Disinfor-motion, halting the SDI program hasbecome the Soviet Union's top activepriority of 1987. The reason for this isthe Soviet perception that if they canstall the SDI now, it will die "of its ownaccord." Thus,

From the Soviet point of view, 1987. . is a goal line stand. If they

can prevent a touchdown in thenext few plays, they will be at adecided advantage for some timeto come.

To prevent the U.S. from "scoring,"Disinformation believes that the Sovietactive measures apparat will targettwo politically vulnerable institutions:the Congress, and the Atlantic Alli-ance. -Nightwatch

year (3 issues) from Frank Cass &Co. Ltd., Gainsborough House, 11Gainsborough Road, London Etl1RS, England.Intelligence/Parapolltlc: OlivierSchmidt, editor. $25/year (12 issues)from Association pour la Droite aI'lnformation, 16 rue des Ecoles,75005 Paris, France.Intelligence Quarterly: MichaelSpears and Nigel West, editors.$30/year (4 issues) from MichaelSpeers, P. 0. Box 232, Weston,VT 05161.Internatinal Journal of Intelligenceand Counterlntelligence: F. ReeseBrown, editor-in-chief. $10/issue(quarterly) from Intel PublishingGroup, P. 0. Box 188, Stroudsburg,PA 18360.Lobster Robin Ramsay, editor. $14/year (4 issues) from Lobster, 17CPearson Avenue, Hull HU5 2SX,England.Military Intelligence Copt. WilliamA. Purciello, editor. $14/yeor (4issues) from Superintendent of Docu-ments, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, D.C. 20402.the National Reporten John Kelly,editor. $13/year (4 issues) from TheNational Reporter, P. O. Box 21279,Washington, D.C. 20009.Nlghtwatch free (12 issues/year)from Security and Intelligence Foun-dation, 1010 Vermont Avenue/Ste.1020, Washington, D.C. 20005.

27 GATE FIVE ROAD SAUSALrT. CA 94965 63

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=t~~lL LI A lA I L * % athousandpages a day. That maybeone reason why more people don't

DURING WORLD WAR II, THE U.S.Government began systematicallymonitoring foreign radio broadcastsand news publications. The ForeignBroadcast Information Service (FBIS)and the Joint Publications ResearchService (JPRS) are now run by the CIA.With thousands of print browsers, andlistening posts worldwide, much ofwhat they cull from open sources isquickly translated, sorted and repub-lished. Since the sources are public, sois their selection. FBIS and JPRS reportsare gold mines - the most concentrat-edly rich and diverse news sources I'veever encountered. And since your taxdollars pay for them, you can readthem free at most Government Docu-ment Depositories. (There are Govern-ment Document Depositories in libra-ries in most major cities and universitiesin the U.S. All of them are open to thegeneral public, even if housed in a li-brary that limits admission to card-holders.)

These reports enable you to read (inEnglish) African press coverage ofthe AIDS epidemic; the latest issue ofSolidamosc; transcripts of Iranian ra-dio programs; news of nuclear-free-zone proposals and peace demonstra-tions (JPRS's coverage is probably themost extensive published anywhere);editorials about trade policy in theleading Japanese dailies; items from"Vremya," the U.S.S.R.'s evening TVnews show; and a zillion other thingsyou never even thought to look for.

Originally, FBIS monitored broadcastsand JPRS covered print media. Theirdomains aren't defined by the sourcemedium any more, but rather by thetime-sensitivity of the information.FBIS's through-put is rapid, so theirDaily Reports are for short-shelf-lifenews - crises and coups, travels byheads of state, political and economicannouncements, military activity, etc.FBIS is essentially an overnight transla-tion service for news from abroad thatmight affect U.S. foreign policy.

JPRS doesn't move quite so quickly, butthe texts they go after ore relevant overa longer time period. Like FBIS, theyquote from broadcasts and newspa-pers; more characteristically, JPRSdraws material from magazines, spe-cialized journals, books and printedephemera: commentaries, positionpapers, local-color and think-pieces,analyses of current trends, scientificand technical articles. Instead offollowing a strict schedule as FBISdoes, JPRS publications come out assource material becomes available -as often as several times per week forsome serials, as seldom as once a year

for others. Some of the more delec-table JPRS periodicals are Japan Re-port; Worldwide Reports (Arms Con-trol; Epidemiology; Nuclear Develop-ment & Proliferation; Telecommunica-tions Policy, Research & Development);U.S.S.R. Reports (Cybernetics, Com-puters & Automation Technology; Mili-tary Affairs; Space Biolegy & Aero-space Medicine).In addition to the serials, JPRS alsopublishes one-time reports based onunique documents: Vietnam's currentFive-Year Plan, a cache of papers cap-tured from a guerrilla group, a Sovietradar textbook, etc.As wondrously vast and eclectic asJPRS and FBIS are, they do pose prob-lems for the user. First, even thoughthey filter and sift for the most signi-ficant items, the quantity of text theypublish is still staggering - roughly

COVERAGE OF EVENTS outside theU.S. by the U.S. mass media is inade-quate at best. Fortunately, you don'thave to settle for what they offer. Ashortwave radio gives you direct ac-cess to broadcasts from foreign coun-tries, and if it's of sufficient quality, itcan pick up much more than music andvoice. With the proper accessories, pa-tience, and practice, you can also useit to tune in and read news-texttransmissions from foreign pressagencies.

This is NOT as simple as clickingaround the TV dial. There are manyvariables that can reduce a distant sta-tion's signal to gibberish, and youquickly see that English is a minoritylanguage. Even with the best equip-ment, monitoring radioteletype (RTTY)signals is a challenge, but it's also theultimate bypass: world news, unfil-tered, from a Babel of perspectives.

The major Western agencies distributetheir news by wire and satellite now,but many of them also use RTTY in theshortwave band for redundancy andbackup. Dozens of smaller agencies,including most that are located in less-developed countries, use RTTY as theirprimary means of distribution. Underthe Electronic Communications PrivacyAct, these channels are not illegal tomonitor if they are not scrambled. Ifyou're a news junkie, RTTY is the fast-est - often the only - way to getreports straight from the Saudi News

make more use of these collections:it can be like trying to sip from afire hose.

Another reason may be fear that sinceit is the CIA which translates and dis-tributes the material, it could be com-promised. This is a legitimate concern.One cannot ignore how easy it wouldbe for the Agency to use these reportsto publicize, suppress, alter, or evenplant stories to suit their own purposes.

A more serious problem is self-decep-tion. In The CIA and the Cult of In-telligence (Knopf/Dell, 1974), VictorMarchetti and John Marks claim thatsince the Clandestine Services are "re-luctant to reveal their propagandaoperations" even to FBIS editors,"texts of programs actually originatingfrom the agency's secret stations" were"frequently" picked up and passed onto CIA, State Department and acade-mic analysts as hard intelligence. Since

Agency, TASS, etc.

Does "teletype" conjure up an imageof bulky, clacking machines churningout rolls of yellow paper in the backoffice? Be advised that electronics hastransformed it into a medium that'squiet, compact and computer-compa-tible.Any shortwave radio capable of re-ceiving RTTY has that feature indicatedon its "mode" selector. By itself, all theradio can do is detect the tones carry-ing the information. To convert theburbling tones into readable charac-ters, you need one of the following:

1) An old teletype printer. This is thecheapest but least desirable option.They're getting harder to find, but youcan still pick one up at a hamfest (aflea market for amateur radio oper-ators) for $25-$75, depending on con-dition. Enough ore still in use that, witha bit of research, you can find sourcesfor paper, ink ribbons and replacementparts. (Parts for many mechanical tele-printers are still available from the Te-leprinter Corporation, 550 SpringfieldAvenue, Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922;800/526-3662 - in NJ, 201/464-5310.) However, note that not all newsagencies use the same RTTY tones anddata speeds; a mechanical tele-type-writer may or may not be compatiblewith the specific transmissions you wantto receive.

2) An electronic RTTY reader. These

64 WHOLE EARTH REVIEW WINTER 1987 ;Zt-

�t�Epie'

this assertion was made in the pasttense, one hopes the Agency has re-solved this problem, for its own ana-lysts, at least.Having read these reports regularlysince 1980, my gut feeling is that onecan usually count on the translationbeing accurate, though editorial deci-sions about which items to include oc-casionally seem arbitrary or political-ly influenced. Despite the opportunityto manipulate, the Agency's primaryaim in these services must be to quotereal sources accurately and spot po-tentially important developments longbefore they're common knowledge,regardless of how politically inconve-nient they might be. This they seem todo quite well. But as with any interna-tional news service, readers of JPRSand FBIS reports outside the CIA mustjudge for themselves the accuracy andauthenticity of particular texts.Many local libraries, and virtually allgovernment document depositories,

get the FBIS Daily Reports. If you don'thove free access through one of them,but do have a pile of money, subscrip-tions are available from the NationalTechnical Information Service (NTIS),5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA22161 (70314874630). PublishedMonday-Friday, each Report seriescosts $125/year on microfiche, $2901year on paper. In either format thereare large discounts for subscribing tomore than one series at a time.Most government document deposi-tories get some of the JPRS publica-tions, but only a few get all of them.If yours doesn't get the series you wantto read (a complete listing can befound in Transdex, reviewed below),you might try to persuade them to startsubscribing. Otherwise, all JPRS docu-ments are sold through NTIS (addressabove), and by University MicrofilmsInternational (UMI), Old MansfieldRoad, Wooster, OH 44691-9050.Single copies and back issues con be

ordered (this is not true of FBIS pub-lications). Subscriptions to JPRS serialsvary widely in price, depending on thepage count and frequency of publica-tion. Contact NTIS or UMI for par-ticulars.UMI also publishes thick monthly andannual indices covering oll-JPRS publi-cations: Tronsdex. This directory makesit easy to look up tables of contents,specific items, keywords, authors andsubjects. Because of the time neededto compile each issue, Tronsdex lagsa few months behind the serials in-dexed, but it's absolutely indispensableand stimulating to use. Too bad theFBIS collection has nothingcomparable.Subscriptions to Transdex are prohibi-tively expensive. Fortunately, most in-stitutions that archive JPRS publicationsalso get Transdex, so if you have ac-cess to a local collection, this essential,time-saving finding aid will likely beavailable there, too. O

vary greatly in design, price and so-phistication, from little boxes thatdisplay the text as characters shiftingalong a row of LEDs, to elaborate mi-croprocessor-based units with text buf-fers, video displays, automatic tone-shift and speed matchers, etc. Pricesrange from about $200 to $900, andthis is one market where you get prettymuch what you pay for.3) A computer interfaced with appro-priate software. Since RTTY is similarin concept to the codes used in modemcommunications, with the appropriatesoftware a personal computer canread RTTY through a moderately pric-ed modem-like interface to a short-wave receiver. Not much "brain" isneeded for this task, so rather than

tie up their main machine, many moni-tor buy a used Vic 20 or Commodore64 just for RTTY.

If you can solder a decent joint, youcan build a simple RTTY/computer in-terface for under $50 (many radiomagazines have published circuit dia-grams). Off-the-shelf units are gener-ally more expensive, with a "cadilloc"model like the CP-100 Computer Patchinterface listing for $329.95 (from Ad-vanced Electronic Applications, Inc.,P. O. Box 2160, Lynnwood, WA 98036;206/775-7373).Software to translate the Baudot codeused in RTTY into digital code thatcomputers understand is available freeor at low cost (check ham radio-ori-

WU reeder Don MuoeIl (Whtebury, KY) sey. of hi RTTY setupt ' don't Ilke cemputenmych (excpt for he very prkctic t p t cekculter) end never cnsidered buying er

tll Im tsw tht yeu etn use on to check out prope-ende bfore It edited down formess ceonsumptl. I eIredy hed a hertweve redio, so I pent $190 and was reedy tge. I used Vk-.2 computer (140), AI.-SWL TEXT ($U), end en MFJ-12U Inerface ($60,tfm P.O. -x 494. Msisll StIet, MI W )7) hooked up to my sertwve *a shown."Den suggesed some of the Ihm mentioned In this *rtiel

ented magazines and computer BBSesfor leads). The maker of the CP-100offers a nice Commodore programcalled SWL TEXT for $99.95; able toread the Cyrillic as well as the Romanalphabet, it comes with ROM car-tridge, cable, keyboard overlays andmanual.For a lively, informative, but not-very-technical overview of RTTY as trans-formed by moder electronics, getRTTY Today by Dave Ingram ($10.45postpaid from Universal Electronics,Inc., 4555 Groves Road/Ste 13A, Co-lumbus, OH 43232; 614/866-4605).Press agencies change their transmis-sion schedules and frequencies fairlyoften, so no published guide can becompletely current. World Press Ser-vices Frequencies, compiled and up-dated every few years by Tom Horring.ton, covers the basic how-to's, andgives you an idea what to look for andwhere ($10.15 postpaid from Univer-sal Electronics - see above).Finally, send for a copy of The DX-*rs Guide to Computing, by GeorgeWood ($3 from Radio Sweden International, S-105 10 Stockholm, Sweden).It's an excellent collection of tips andpointers for people interested in usingcomputers with their shortwave radios- uses like schedule/frequency data-bases, RTTY reading, propagation pre-diction, automated monitoring, etc.Beware that most computers emit quitea bit of radio noise, and can interferewith signal reception. While this isusually not an insurmountable prob-lem, it can lead to grounding andshielding the computer, moving theantenna, or rearranging the office. O

f 1-- 27 GATE FIVE ROAD SAUSALITO. CA 4965 65

II

I

Monitoring TimesBob Grove, editor. S15/year (12issues) from Grove Enterprises, Inc.,P. 0. Box 98, Brasstown, NC 28902;704/837-9200.

This monthly tabloid, aimed at short-wave listeners, hams, scanner enthu-siasts and satellite dish owners, tellshow to receive virtually any radiosignal in the air. Its frequency data,international broadcasting news, andequipment reviews are much fresherthan Popular Communlcations (CO#42, p. 115), which covers a similar

Tom Davis BooksCatalog free from P. 0. Box 1107,Aptos, CA 95001.Mail-order specialist in muckrakingpolitical and conspiracy books, manyconcerning intelligence gencies,bankers, royal families, Masons,organized crime, etc. All points ofview, all shades of credibility. Stuffnot generally found in bookstores -not even in the National IntelligenceBook Center

a9/ a MU rm Jan u/ ~B M (atoN m< ot * lma e e-- lti/)t/.) I b.Va m em« CwP U m a * lm m. asflt. trlol lh) * 1.n19/ IlllII Ik&I Il _ II Il (* *f 1·i , nukei) im Il.nIM -W M , f-f W (TM * IU-a l .tiu 4wrim. _i,,z) m0 uiS

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I l Aiin, muAI 1 ma grOr ,e1a te e .I i. 1Hi, slI m*dfn, m -e. ta *m a me il arn. am um.I ic.r s re r aa .nam m. L.nti 1 uIIms 0m1Ta emma. Met.s AC IIU Irma . .MI Mrr IllU . Ia. MM= wi- mIuu P .t.o . .s I.i*m BIn a MI *ma TIMSTM wia -r ... L . 1_- rKWsU) -. S)

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domain. Lots more simple build-itprojects, too.

An electronic security specialist inthe Maryland area (name withheldon request) sent in his company'scatalog along with a figure display-ing his winning entry for the smallestantenna ever: a tiny ring around a.25 inch diameter capsule to be car-ried by executives or political figureswho run some iskof being captured.When swallowed, the pill-transmit-ter's battery activates by action ofthe stomach's own acid and sends asignal from this mighty-mite of anantenna which is reported to allowtracking from three to five miles awayl

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F12.'PILL' WITHWORLD'S SMALLESTANTENNA.

National IntelligenceBook CenterCatalog $* from N.I.B.C., 1700 KStreet NW/Ste. 1007, Washington,D.C. 20006; 800/624-2232 ext. 350.

A bookstore and mail-order servicefor unclassified books and videotapes,apparently aimed at intelligence pro-fessionals and amateurs with a yen toknow. Many manuals, case studiesand histories; extensive selection ofbooks on cryptography, investigativetechniques and "comsec" (communi-cations security). Stock is mainly fromcommercial publishers, but a fewgovernment documents are sprinkledin. They also buy and sell out-of-printbooks. Their current catalog doublesas a 115-page bibliography that's apretty good introduction to unclassi-

ed intelligence literature, with anemphasis on anti-KGB material and"tradecraft." "Due to the hectic hoursof many of our customers, the Centerhas a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week elec-tronic order line at 202-797-1234."

U.S. Military RadioCommunicationsMichiel Schaay, editor. 198; 259pp. (3 volumes). 33.95 postpaidfrom Universal Shortwave Radio,1280 Aida Drive, Reynoldsburg,^I ALO^AQ

The most comprehensive, unclassifiedmonitoring guide to U.S. militaryradio communications, in three soft-bound volumes. If trouble starts any-where in the world, and you have ashortwav receiver, a decent antenna,and these books, there's a chance youwon't have to wait until the eveningnews to find out what's happening.Focusing mainly on voice and radio-teletype channels, Volum 1 isorganized by both region and ser-vice, covering Air Force, Army, andNavy bases worldwide. Volume 2 looksat affiliated agencies, like the CoastGuard, Federal Emergency Manage-ment Agency and NASA. A compo-site frequency-order list of stationsstarts in Volume 2 and concludesin Volume 3.Note that in the U.S. as well as manyother countries, it is legal to monitorthese channels, so long as you don'tdivulge or economically benefit fromwhat you hear. The military is perfectlyable to protect any transmissions itneeds to, and even on unscrambledchannels, they make extensive use ofcodes and jargon to conceal content.An AWACS plane might radio to ~ground control, "I'm painting bogeysat 5 o'clock," when he means hisradar is showing unidentified aircraftcoming from the east-southeast. Suchverbal camouflage is, for some peo-ple, part of the allure.

-UV& A iNImw MM-u vsI.

[Some unusual catalog listings:]Applied Surveillance Photography,by Rymond P. Siljander (C C. Tho-mas, 1975), 120 pp. hardback, $14.50Find'em Fast: A Private Investigator'sWorkbook, by John D. McCann (Pal-ladin, 1984), 168 pp. paperback, $12Low Profile: How to Avoid the PrivacyInvaders, by William Petrocelli (Mc-Grow-Hill, 1982), 261 pp., $5.95

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66 WHOL EARTH REVIEW WINTER 1987

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PeaceNet3228 Sacramento Street, San Fran-cisco, CA 94115; 415/923-0900.This computer messaging servicehosts over a hundred online confer-ences for peace and social activistgroups: the National Freeze Cam-paign, the Christie Institute, the Cen-tral America Resource Network, theCenter for Innovative Diplomacy, In-stitute for Security and Cooperationin Outer Space, etc. It's worth joiningnot just for the news-postings andcalendars of events (eg. AmericanPeace Test's schedule of nuclear blastsat the Nevada test site), but becauseparticipating groups often use Peace-Net to administer themselves. It's atreat to follow discussions of internalissues, goals, strategies and tactics,and most times kibitzers can odd theirtwo cents. Openness is an importantprinciple for many of these groups;eaceNet makes that ideal both proc-

The NationalSecurity Archive1755 Massachusetts Avenue NW/Ste. 500, Washington, D.C. 20036;202/797-0882.Former Weshington Pest reporterScott Armstrong's initial idea was tocreate a public depository for docu-ments concerning U.S. notional se-curiy, foreign policy, military andintelligence activities obtained viaFreedom of Information Act requests.Acquiring documents turned out tobe just the start. Most of what theNational Security Archive does nowis assemble and index topical collec-tions from primary sources to provide"as complete a documentary recordof recent and contemporary policy-making as possible within the con-straints of security classification."Current projects range from the his-tory of U.S. military uses of space tothe evolution of U.S. policy towardSouth Africa 1960-87. The Archivesells such collections and their indexesos microforms, primarily to libraries.

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ticable and involving. (The system haslimited-access sections and electronicmail facilities, too.)Reachable in larger cities throughTelenet, after a sign-up fee of $10,the cost is $10 per month, plus $5per hour (off-peak) and .005 centsper kilobyt for disk storage in excessof 100k. Groups get discounts.

Search For Security1985; 281 pp. $4 postpaid fromAccess, 1755 Massachusetts AvenueNW Ste. 501, Washington, D.C.20036.

This fat, spiral-bound guide to philan-thropic support is designed to helpprojects on war prevention and im-proving national security find and getgrnts. Over 70 foundations are pro-filed, including their funding criteria,deadlines and contact addresses, pluslists of grants awarded. Also includesa survey and analysis of groups thatsucceeded in getting these grants. Awell-done, time-saving reference.Nothing else quite like it. Compiledin 1985, the people who distributeit believe most of the informationis still reliable.

A quarterly Journel ef Natlonal Soecurity Deeumentation will publishespecially significant finds, and an-nounce new products and services.

Secret Department ofState cable, now declass- -ified, dated November 9,1978, from Ambassador toIran William H. Sullivan.Nine weeks before theShah fell, it is titled"Thinking the Unthinkable"and discusses the firstregistered, official concernthat the Shah might notsurvive the growing tur-moil in Iran.

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Power StructureResearch Database4 floppy disks. $5/$100 from MicroAssociates, P. 0. Box 5369, Arling-ton, VA 22205.For the past ten years, Daniel Brandthas been compiling a "power struc-ture research" database with its owneasy-to-use, search-ond-sort softwaredesigned to run on a microcomputer.It presently contains the names ofnearly 30,000 individuals and groupsidentified in 55,000 citations frombooks and articles about the intelli-gence community, big business, theU.S. foreign policy establishment,domestic spying and political infiltra-tion, assassination and conspiracytheories, and right-wing organizations.Each name-entry is linked to as manyas 50 published sources. Names as-sociated with a foreign country at acertain time con be identified by spe-cifying the place and time span ofinterest. For example, if you want aprintout of all the names in thedatabase connected with Chile from1970 to 1973, along with citations ofpublications describing their activities,a ew simple commands will do it.The database is available as a set ofthree double-sided floppy disks, withprograms on a fourth floppy. Thesoftware provides phonetic and lead-ing-lettersearch capabilities fornameswhose spelling is uncertain. Purchas-ers receive update announcementsevery quarter, and are entitled tobuy later editions at discount prices.The cost of a four-disk set is $35 forindividuals and nonprofit organ-izotions, $100 for all others. An out-standing example of political/infotechactivism. Anyone curious or concernedabout the web of influences oper-ating behind the surface of demo-cracy should have a copy. Whenordering, be sure to specify the typeof computer it'll run on. Versions arecurrently available for devices runningCP/M, DOS 2.0 or 3.0.

Secret Department ofState cable, now declass-ified but heavily excised,dated January 6, 1981,from the Deputy Chief ofMission in El Salvador,Jerrold Mark Dion. Titled"Millionaires' Murder Inc.?"the cable discusses hisconversation with aSalvadoran official whichidentified "six Salvadoranmillionaire emigres inMiami" as responsible fordirecting and financingright wing death squadsand probably the murdersof American citizens.

7 GATE FIVE ROAD SAUSALO CA 949(5 677-991

THE OPEN LITERATURE ON COVERTintelligence is extensive, ranging fromdeclassified documents, memoirs andexposes to histories, case studies andspy fiction. For a broad, expert surveyof what's worth reading, check yourlibrary for George Constantinides' In.telllgence and Esplonoge: An Analy-tical Bibliography (Westview Press).

Among the "classics," my favorite isprobably Strategic Intelligence bySherman Kent (out of print; PrincetonUniversity Press, 1949). Kent's prose istimelessly lucid, and his three-partanalysis (intelligence as knowledge, asorganization, as activity) is said tohave influenced the development ofthe U.S. spy agencies. The word "stra-tegic" in the title points the discussiontoward ways to identify and acquire"knowledge which is vital for nationalsurvival." Anyone wanting to under-stand why nations have intelligenceagencies, and how information-needsstructure their activity, should read it.

The U.S. Intelligence Community byJeffrey T. Richelson is uniquely com-prehensive in its description of dozensof federal agencies, bureaus and sys-tems presently engaging in this line ofwork. It is especially valuable for itssketches of lesser-known units like theNational Reconnaissance Office, theForeign Agriculture Service, and theNuclear Detonation Detection System,as well as cooperative arrangementsbetween the United States and itsallies.

Richelson has compiled a similar studyon the U.S.S.R., Sword and Shield:Soviet Intellgence and Security Appa-rotus. This may be the best scholarlytreatment available, but perhaps notsurprisingly, it is less detailed and morespeculative than his volume on the U.S.It's also much drier than the defectors'accounts that have provided much ofwhat is known about the Soviet agen-cies. Among the latter, John Barron'sKGB Today: The Hidden Hand standsout for its vivid recounting of the ca-reers of Stanislav Levchenko, RudolphHerrmann, and other recent formerSoviet spies. For a good annotatedguide to other books on this subject,se Ubllography on Soviet ntelligenceand Security Services by Raymond G.Rocca and John J. Dziak.

Exposes of the seamy side of U.S. in-telligence by Congressional Commit-tees and disillusioned former agents

became an important source of publicinformation in the 1970s. Most don'tconcern intelligence-gathering per se,but rather clandestine acts intended topush other societies in directions favor-able to U.S interests, or to suppresscriticism and dissent in the UnitedStates itself.

The record compiled in 1975-6 by theSenate Select Committee on Intelli-gence (a.k.a. the Church committee)continues to be a milestone as the mostvigorous, authoritative investigation ofcrimes committed by U.S. intelligenceagencies in the name of notional secu-rity. Purchasable copies of the testi-mony and reports released by theCommittee are now quite rare, but theycan be read at your local GovernmentDocument Depository. The most illu-minating and thought-provoking of theexposes by former agents is still PhilipAgee's nsde the Company: CIA Diary.The naming-names aspect made thisbook notorious, but far more impor-tant is the demythifying insight Ageegives into the bureaucratic details ofagentry, as well as the CIA's entire rolein international relations. As he climbsthe clandestine career ladder, movingfrom one Latin American country toanother in the 1960s, Agee's gung-hopatriotism gradually turns to confu-sion, revulsion, then militant opposi-tion. There's a deep, tragic irony in thatthe social assessments he learns to per-form in his job eventually turn himagainst his employer and "Americancapitalism" generally."The Clandestine Service of the Cen-tral Intelligence Agency," by HansMoses, offers a brief explanation/de-fense of covert action. Published by theAssociation of Former Intelligence Of-ficers, this inexpensive pamphlet is partof a recent effort to counter the floodof harsh criticism unleashed in the1970s. The centerpiece of.this effort isa most interesting seven-volume seriesof book-length studies under the col-lective title Intelligence Requirmentsfor the 19t0s. Based on topical semi-nars at which former intelligence offi-cials, Congressional staffers, acade-mics and businessmen discuss covertcollection, analysis and estimates,counterintelligence, domestic spying,etc., it is probably the most in-depth,unhostile, unclassified review of thegeneral issues facing U.S. intelligencetoday. Unfortunately, some volumespredate important policy changes in-stituted by the Reagan Administration.

Vadsll V. Averynov, · Soviet omployed bybhe United Nations Secretarat In New York

City, clean drop In Westchester Coenty,NY, In September, 1977. -KGB Today

Intelligence and Espionage: AnAnalytical Bibliography: George C.Constantines, 1983; 559 pp. $71from Westview Publishing Co., 6065Mission Gorge Road/Ste. 425, SanDiego, CA 92120.The US. Intelligence Community:Jeffrey T. Richelson, 1985; 381 pp.$16.95. Sword and Shield: JeffreyT. Richelson, 1986; 297 pp. $16.95.Both from Ballinger Publishing Co.,54 Church Street, Cambridge,MA 02138.KGB Today: The Hidden Hand: JohnBarron, 1983; 257 pp. $4.95($5.95 postpaid) from Berkley Books/Order Dept., P. O. Box 506, EastRutherford, NJ 07073.Bibliography on Soviet Intelligenceand Security Services: RaymondG. Rocca and John J. Dziak, 1985;203 pp. $19.50 from Westview Pub-lishing Co., 6065 Mission GorgeRoad/Ste. 425, San Diego, CA 92120.Inside the Company: CIA Diary:Philip Agee, 1975; 640 pp. OUTOF PRIN>. Penguin Books, 299Murray Hill Pkwy., East Rutherford,NJ 07073.

The Clandestine Srvice of theCentral Intelligence Agency: HansMoses, 1983; 24 pp. $1.25 post-paid from the Association of FormerIntelligence Officers, 6723 WhittierAve./Ste 303A, McLean, VA 22101.Intelligence Requirements for the19O0s: Roy Godson, editor. Sevenvolumes; $7.50-$11.95 ($55/set)postpaid from the National StrategyInformation Center Washington,D.C. Call for titles and individualprices: 212/838-2912. ·

68 WHOLE EARTH REVIEW WINTER 1987

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Fund for Open Informationand AccountabilityEver wondered if Big Brother has you in his files? Why notfind out? The procedure is simple. Fill out some basicforms and mail them to the government agency of yourchoice. They should notify you within a month whether ornot you exist in their files. If you do, they'll give you anumber and you start waiting.

Right now I'm in my sixth month of waiting. The NationalSecurity Agency says they don't have me in their files,but since I'm sitting here looking at the 15 pages theysent me from an earlier FOI search I find their responsea bit lame.

More interesting is the FBI response. After telling me thatno new material had been added to my file since my lastFOI search, they added coyly that "new references iden-tified during our search were documents that originatedwith another agency." Hmm, what does that mean?

FOIA, Inc. is a volunteer crew assisting people in theiruphill struggle with The State, whether you're looking foryour own files, researching a book, or pressuring OSHAto release environmental records. If you're not sure whereto start, try the FBI first: they're the all-purpose receptaclefor subversion. If you've worked with the Sanctuary move-ment add Customs, Treasury and INS to your list. If youmisbehaved overseas, try State and the CIA, though thelatter is a reticent outfit. In general, I was alternately im-pressed by the depth of the agencies' information andastonished by some of their blunders.

The Fund survives on your help. They'll send you the ne-cessary forms for $2, but if you enclosed more, it wouldgo towards a good cause. -Dick Fugett

Page of Frank Vorall's telephone bill, showing frequent colls toEl Salvador National Police, as he provided names of returningSalvadoreons and visiting Americans. -Our light to Know

FOIA Files Kit$2postpaidOur Right to Know(Newsletter)Ellen Ray, Editor$1 /year (2 issues)Both from:FOIA, inc.145 W. 4th StreetMlw , V._.L MV 10i1'

V212/477-3188 IV212/477-3188

Stockwell Reading ListJohn Stockwell joined the CIA with the same gung-hothought pattern that he'd had as a Marine Corps officer- he was fighting our nation's holy war against the RedMenace. After a tour of duty in Vietnam with the agency,he was promoted to station chief of the entire Angolaoperation, reporting directly to the National SecurityCouncil, much like Ollie North would do a few yearslater. Stockwell was thus able to observe the covertAngola operation from planning to execution, and whathe saw grossed him out. So after 13 years with the agencyhe quit and wrote In Search of Enemies (W. W. Norton),telling his own story and in the process becoming theagency's highest-ranking defector.

Stockwell also began a personal journey of investigationwith the same energy he'd given to his earlier assignments,

3. A PBOPLK8' 8ITORY OF THE UNITED STATES, by Howard Zlnn,Harper Colophon 1979.

The exploitation of weaker peoples for profit didn't beginwith the formation of the CIA or the Atomic Energy Commissionafter World War II. It began when Columbua landed in Barbados In1492. Our historles traditionally recount events as theyaffected the interests of our nation and Big Business. Zinn re-examines those events in terms of the peoples' nlterest--quite adifferent storyl

As a reprieve to those concerned individuals whose busyschedules leave Insufficient time for extensive reading, thefirst section summarizes the twelve books I consider especiallylmportant. If you read then. or even only the first three(Jonathan Schell's PATEB O TUE BARTH, Tom Gervasls' authoritativeand detailed THE NYTE OFP OVIET MILITARY SUPRENACY and HowardZinn's A PEOPLES' I1STORY OF TIE UNITED STATES) you will have agood sense of the problem that now faces the American people.along with the rest of the human race. Add to those readingsWilliaS Blue's, TH CIA. A FORGOTTBlN *lTORY, and you will alsohave a feeling for the nature and extent of CIA destabilliations.And finally. Lloyd Dumar',. TEa OVBRBURDBEBD BCONONY. shows howthe arms race la breaking the United States economy.

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and in the process read practically everything printedthat dealt with the "other side" of the political spectrum.From this research he compiled a 50-page reading list ofthe best books he'd found. They cover everything fromVietnam, the CIA and cold war economics to Latin Amer-ica, nuclear war and the Kennedy assassination. Eachcomes with a capsule review. I like to think I keep up withthe literature, but Stockwell's list puts me to shame.

Stockwell's original book freaked out the CIA so thoroughlythat they took him to court in the name of "nationalsecurity" and creamed him. Thus it is that for every volumesold today, the author's 65« royalty goes to the agency,not the author. This is not the case with his reading list, sofeel free to order a copy. -Dick Fugett

Selected 'Notional Security" Reading List: $5 fromWECAN, P. 0. Box 1030, Elgin, TX 78621.

Audio cassettes of Stockwell'slectures, and many other topicsnot covered in the straightmedia such as talks by NoamChomsky, Desmond Tutu andthe entire Christic Institute's"secret team" and Contra-drug-links suit, are availablefrom two independent groups:

Other Americes Radio: cata-log free from P. O. Box 85,Santa Barbara, CA 93102.

David Borsamlon: catalogfree from 1415 Dellwood,Boulder, CO 80302.

27 GATE FIVE ROAD SAUSALITO CA 94965 69

SPECIAL INAUGURAL REPRINT ISSUE: INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT TOOLS

AND IDEAS Whole Earth Review Dedicated to the Incoming Administration 20 January

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