An Experimental Platformfor Quantified Crowd

M. Grabowski, M. Marschall, W. Sirko,M. Debski, M. Ziombski, P. Horban,

S. Acedanski, M. Peczarski, D. Batorski,K. Iwanicki

University of Warsaw

WiMAN 2015, Las Vegas, NV, USA, August 6th, 2015

Quantified Self

= Self knowledge through numbers

Imag

e so

ur ce:

http://w

ww

. he

alth2

new

s.com

/files /2

011/11

/We

llne

ssFX

-300

x220

.png

Ima

ge sou

r ce: http

://ww

w.p

ee

lap

om.co

m/ke

tzirah/w

p-

conten

t/upl oa

ds/2

013

/04/bo

dyM

o nito

r_colla

ge-

filtered

-102

4x80

0.jpg

You can't manage what you don't measure

Quantified Crowd

The enabling factors:

● Further device miniaturization;

● Low-power wireless inter-device communication.

The core ideas:

● Collaborative sensing of collocated people.

● Online and (partially) in-network data analysis.

● Coordinated feedback for groups of people.

adap

ted fro

m im

ag

e: http

://ww

w. clke

r.com

/c lipa

rt-smal ler-cro

wd

-r dc.h

tml

Quantified Crowd

Crowd management:● Detecting patterns of

coordinated behavior in a crowd.

● Automaticly recognizing and predicting problematic situations.

● Notifying people and the autorities about danger.

Ima

ge sou

r ce: http

://en.w

ikiped

ia.o

rg/w

iki/File:C

row

d_

in_

street.jp g

You can't manage whatyou don't measure

Quantified Crowd

Maximizing event experience:● Detecting interpersonal

interactions.

● Recognizing communities.

● Navigation through crowds.

● Contact and content suggesting.

Ima

ge sou

r ce: http

s:// pixa

bay.com

/en/m

usic -kiss-rock- h

eavy-m

et a

l-81

915

2/

Problem Statement

Prior research has been conducted with:● Smartphones, or● Custom devices.

We are not aware of a common platform thatwould allow for innovating at various levels

of quantified crowd.

Ima

ge sou

r ce: http

://ele

ctron

icde

sign

.com/c on

ten

t/14

9 78

/593

82_

fig_0

1.jp

g

Experimental Platform

Goal:● experimentation in as many scenarios as possible.

Components:● Hardware

● Software

Hardware

Design goals:● On its own should enable experimentation in

many scenarios.● It should be possible to extended with external

devices.

Hardware

Based on ARM Cortex-M0+.

Hardware

Local sensors:● Accelerometer

● Magnetometer

● Gyroscope

● Microphone

● Barometer (altimeter)

● Light sensor

● Thermometer

● Hygrometer

Hardware

Crowd texture sensors:● Low-power 868MHz radio

● Infra-red transceiver

● Bluetooth Low Energy chip

Hardware

I/O interfaces:● 400x300 e-paper display

● Buttons

● LEDs

● Buzzer

● External flash memory

● SD card

● USB socket

Software

● Badge software – written in NesC.● External software – mostly Java.

Evaluation

● Conducted on a small scale.● We are in the process of manufacturing a

large batch of badges.

Evaluation

Power consumptionComponent Standby [μA] Active [mA]MCU 1.7 6.1RF transceiver 0.2 16.9 (RX), 34.2 (TX @ 12 dBm)Infrared transceiver 0 0.9 (RX), 72 (TX @ power level 3)BLE module 0.4 25 (RX), 36 (TX)E-compass 2 0.44Gyroscope 1 5Barometer 0.5 0.025Light sensor 4 0.13Microphone 0 1.8External flash 100 20SD card 0 depends on a card (e.g., 100)E-paper display 0 8

Evaluation

Proximity detection with RF

Dist. [m]Radio TX power [dBm]

-30.2 -27.7 -20.5 -15.7 -11.0 -5.0 -0.3 3.71 74.8 85.3 99.0 99.7 99.4 99.3 99.7 99.62 14.0 65.7 99.7 99.2 99.0 99.6 99.3 98.43 2.0 0.0 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.6 99.2 99.35 14.9 0.0 99.4 99.1 99.6 99.4 97.9 99.3

10 0.0 0.0 36.0 96.0 99.7 99.9 99.0 99.320 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.9 98.3 99.9 99.3 99.530 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.6 35.0 99.0 99.140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 22.0 68.5 99.550 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 11.0 98.860 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.4 98.170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Evaluation

Proximity detection with IR

0 1 2 31 100.0 99.0 93.0 88.02 74.0 67.0 99.0 88.03 0.0 55.0 33.0 51.04 0.0 0.0 50.0 53.05 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.06 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Dist. [m]IR TX power [level]

Evaluation

Mutual orientation detection with IR

Evaluation

Real-world situation detection

Conclusion

● Our platform has the potential to serve on its own in various experimental scenarios for quantified crowd.

● It can be extended with off-the-shelf mobile devices, which further broadens its applicability.

● We are in the process of manufacturing 100 pieces of the badges.

● We hope that the platform will be used by other groups.

Thank You

Questions?

Supported by the (Polish) National Science Centre (NCN) withinthe SONATA programme under grant no. DEC-2012/05/D/ST6/03582.K. Iwanicki was additionally supported by a scholarship from the (Polish)Ministry of Science and Higher Education for outstanding youngscientists.