An Evaluation of the Utility of Crowd Sourcing in Species Biodiversity Management

7/31/2019 An Evaluation of the Utility of Crowd Sourcing in Species Biodiversity Management

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Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

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Ao K~ah{azefo fn zmk [zehezu fn Ctfyj Sf{tceoi eo Spkceks

Defje~ktsezu Laoaiklkoz

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek -D/Sc( L/Tks%

Fczfdkt( 4014


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Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

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Adsztacz

Eo heimz fn itfyeoi zmtkazs zf spkceks je~ktsezu ntfl ca{sks s{cm as chelazk cmaoik aoj madezaz

jkszt{czefo du m{laos( ez mas dkcflk eoctkaseoihu elpftzaoz zf ma~k tkajehu acckssedhk

eonftlazefo fo spkceks je~ktsezu aoj defikfitapmecah jeszted{zefo/ Zmk Ihfdah Defje~ktsezuEonftlazefo Nacehezu -IDEN% es ao foheok jazadask fn eonftlazefo fo ihfdah spkceks jeszted{zefo(

ptelatehu jkte~kj ntfl l{sk{l jaza cfhhkczefos/ Zmk aik fn jeiezah pmfzfitapmu mas dtf{imz

yezm ez zmk adehezu zf ikf,zai elaik hfcazefos nft pmfzfitapms zagko fn yehjhenk/ Ctfyj sf{tceoi

mas dkcflk a zfpecah ess{k eo tkckoz ukats( aoj mas dkko elphklkozkj s{cckssn{hhu eo fzmkt

jescepheoks zf fdzaeo ~ah{adhk eonftlazefo -Kedko kz ah/( 40147 Tajjecgkz ah/( 4010%/ [seoi

F~kthap( a cflp{zkt sctepz ytezzko nft zmk p{tpfsk fn jkzktleoeoi zmk jkitkk fn f~kthap

dkzykko defje~ktsezu jaza cfozaeokj fo IDEN aoj Nhecgt( zmk ptkskoz papkt azzklpzs zf jkzktleok

zmk pfzkozeah {zehezu fn foheok elaik smateoi nacehezeks s{cm as Nhecgt nft elptf~eoi f{t gofyhkjik

fn defje~ktsezu aoj spkceks jeszted{zefos/ Zykozu fn zmk yfthjs lfsz kojaoiktkj spkceks atk

skhkczkj nft aoahuses( aoj pfzkozeah jtaydacgs fn {seoi s{cm nacehezeks atk cfosejktkj/ Zf

jkzktleok zmk k}zkoz zf ymecm zmk ptkskock fn aoelahs eo yehjhenk patgs aoj rffs es tkspfosedhk

nft eocfoit{ezu dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt( aoj zmk ptkskock fn aoelahs ykhh f{zsejk zmket oaz{tah

madezazs( zmk aoahuses yas tkpkazkj nft khk~ko hkss eozktkszeoi ftiaoesls eoch{jeoi spkceks fn

n{oie( eoskczs aoj ctads/ Zf k~ah{azk zmk pfzkozeah deas aiaeosz spkceks ymecm he~k eo {ojk~khfpkj

tkiefos fn zmk yfthj -ymktk jeiezah pmfzfitapmu es hkss cfllfo%( a mkaz lap fn ikf,zaiieoi

acze~ezu actfss zmk ihfdk yas ptfj{ckj/ Tks{hzs eojecazk zmk okkj nft lkas{tks zf helez zmk eop{z

fn kttft aoj nft ejkozenueoi aoj cfttkczeoi kttfokf{s tkcftjs/


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1/ Eoztfj{czefo

Eo ftjkt nft kcfsuszkls zf laeozaeo zmk ptf~esefo fn s{szaeoadhk henk,s{ppftz skt~ecks -s{cm as

acckss zf chkao yazkt( nffj skc{tezu( aoj tksehekock zf oaz{tah jesaszkts%( ez es elpftzaoz zmaz zmk

spkceks spkcenec zf jennktkoz kcfsuszkls( aoj zmk ad{ojaock fn kacm spkceks( atk gofyo/ M{laoacze~ezu es ptkskozhu fok fn zmk ptelatu zmtkazs zf defje~ktsezu fo a ihfdah scahk/ Nft p{tpfsks fn

kcfsuszkl lfoezfteoi aoj tesg assksslkoz( zmktk es zm{s a okkj nft jaza cfhhkczefo aoj ezs tkaju

acckssedehezu eo a ihfdahhu,a~aehadhk aoj eozkitazkj eontaszt{cz{tk/ Zmes mas hkj zf a yejksptkaj

knnftz zf kos{tk zmk jeiezesazefo fn l{sk{l aoj mktdate{l defje~ktsezu jaza -Smannkt kz ah( 155=%/

1/1 Zmk Elpftzaock fn L{sk{l Cfhhkczefos

L{sk{ls aoj acajklec eoszez{zefos atk mflk zf k}zkose~k cfhhkczefos fn defhfiecah salphks(

fnzko spaooeoi ntfl ptkmeszftec zelks zf zmk ptkskoz jau/ S{cm jaza cfhhkczefo cfozted{zks zf

scekozenec nekhjs s{cm as cfoskt~azefo defhfiu aoj suszklazecs( eo ajjezefo zf skc{teoi aitec{hz{tah

aoj oaz{tah tksf{tcks/ Nft a za}foflec tk~esefo( zmk szaojatj ptaczeck nft laou phaoz aoj aoelah

itf{ps es zf {zeherk l{sk{l spkcelkos ntfl zmk yfthjs oaz{tah meszftu cfhhkczefos/ Za}fofleszs

tf{zeokhu tkcftj zmk jaza fo spkcelko hadkhs nft p{tpfsks fn ptfj{ceoi jeszted{zefo laps aoj

hfcahezu heszs/

Zmk okkj zf laeozaeo k}zkose~k cfhhkczefos mas tkckozhu dkcflk lftk {tikoz zmao k~kt dknftk(

aoj l{sk{l salphk cfhhkczefos ma~k ptf~ejkj ct{ceah eonftlazefo( aoj eonftlkj ptkjeczefos

adf{z zmk n{z{tk( tkhazeoi zf zmk elpacz fn madezaz hfss aoj ihfdah chelazk cmaoik fo spkceks

defje~ktsezu/ Nft k}alphk( eo zmk lej,ykszkto [oezkj Szazks( salphks ntfl 1= jennktkoz l{sk{ls

yktk {skj zf jklfosztazk zmaz zmk cfoskq{kock fn ptaetek madezaz hfss yas a jkcheok fn slahh

lallahs zmaz jkpkoj fo zmes madezaz nft zmket s{t~e~ah -Pktials aoj Oudkti( 4001%/

Zmk szftaik aoj laeozkoaock fn l{sk{l cfhhkczefos cfonkt kcfoflec dkoknezs eoasl{cm as zmku

ptf~ejk ckoztaherkj aoj tkajehu acckssedhk eonftlazefo szftaik/

Zmk laeozkoaock fn p{dhec mkahzm aoj sankzu es aofzmkt labft dkoknez fn s{cm defje~ktsezu jaza(

lfsz ofzadhu eo zmfsk casks ymktk klktieoi pazmfiko sztaeos atk cflpatkj yezm salphks fn

gofyo daczktea aoj ~et{sks/ L{sk{l jaza mas dkko {skj eo kh{cejazeoi pazmfiko jeszted{zefos


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jeszeoi{esmeoi nkaz{tk heks az zmk koj fn zmk adjflko ymecm es ofz ahyaus chkathu ~esedhk( es ofz

ahyaus pfssedhk/

1/3 Ikf,zaiieoi

Ikf,zaiieoi ahhfys ikfitapmecah ejkozenecazefo lkzajaza( {s{ahhu eo zmk nftl fn hazez{jk aoj

hfoiez{jk cfftjeoazks( zf dk assfceazkj yezm a pmfzfitapm/ IPS eonftlazefo lau dk capz{tkj az

zmk zelk fn zageoi zmk pmfzf( {seoi a jeiezah calkta( ft zmk hfcazefo eonftlazefo lau dk appkojkj

zf zmk pecz{tk anzkt ez mas dkko zagko/

1/: Zmk Ihfdah Defje~ktsezu Eonftlazefo Nacehezu -IDEN%

Zmk Ihfdah Defje~ktsezu Eonftlazefo Nacehezu -IDEN% es ptkskozhu zmk hatiksz jaza pftzah nft

eonftlazefo fo ihfdah spkceks defje~ktsezu/ Seock 400:( zmk eozktif~ktolkozah ftiaoesazefo IDEN

mas fnnktkj tkaju acckss zf a cflptkmkose~k cflpehazefo fn eonftlazefo ntfl jazadasks fn

l{sk{l cfhhkczefos aoj defhfiecah s{t~kus/ Zmket szazkj lessefo es zf ptf~ejk ao eozktokz

acckssedhk( eozktfpktadhk okzyftg fn defje~ktsezu jazadasks aoj eonftlazefo zkcmofhfiu zffhs

aoj zf lagk zmk yfthjs defje~ktsezu jaza ntkkhu aoj {oe~ktsahhu a~aehadhk ~ea zmk Eozktokz/

C{ttkozhu( IDEN fdzaeos jaza ntfl 395 p{dhesmkts zmaz ptf~ejk lftk zmao 341 lehhefo tkcftjs

-mzzp2&&yyy/iden/fti& accksskj 1:zm Lau 4014%/ Sflk fn zmk za}a tkpftzkj fo du IDEN kobfu a

yejk cf~ktaik( ymktkas fzmkts atk lftk pffthu cf~ktkj ft atk cflphkzkhu adskoz ahzfikzmkt/ Nft

k}alphk( IDEN cflphkzkhu hacgs defikfitapmecah eonftlazefo fo zmk jeszted{zefo fn [ocea {oceah

-sofy hkfpatj% aoj Iftehha dkteoike dkteoike -Lf{ozaeo Iftehha% ymktkas zmk jeszted{zefo fn

Dahakofpzkta l{sc{h{s -Dh{k Ymahk% aoj [ts{s latezel{s -Pfhat Dkat% es l{cm lftk

k}zkose~khu cazahfi{kj/

Yezm zmk eoctkaseoi okkj nft tkaju acckss zf tfd{sz defje~ktsezu jaza ez mas dkcflk lftk aoj

lftk okckssatu zf kos{tk zmk spazeah acc{tacu fn zmk cfhhkczefo tkcftjs szftkj eo IDEN aoj

ymkzmkt zmku tkheadhu tknhkcz zmk acz{ah za}a jeszted{zefo/ Fn ofzk( ez es fn eozktksz zf jkzktleok

ymkzmkt za}a zmaz atk tkptkskozkj du fohu a slahh o{ldkt fn tkcftjs atk( eo nacz( ihfdahhu

yejksptkaj d{z tatk ft atk ikfitapmecahhu tkszteczkj/ Ao k~ah{azefo fn zmk tfd{szokss aoj

acc{tacu fn defje~ktsezu jaza yehh dk ct{ceah zf f{t adehezu zf {zehesk zmes eonftlazefo zf eonftl

cfoskt~azefo phaooeoi/


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Ptk~ef{s yftg mas sf{imz zf kh{cejazk zmk ikfitapmecah pha{sedehezu fn zmk ihfdah pfeoz jaza

ptf~ejkj du IDEN -Ukssfo kz ah/( 4009%( eo ajjezefo zf zmk ikfitapmecah deasks eomktkoz eo zmk

jaza aoj zmk k}zkoz zf ymecm ez es nkasedhk zf oflkochaz{tahhu ~ahejazk zmksk jaza du {zeheseoi zmk

Eozktoazefoah Hki{lk Jazadask . Eonftlazefo Skt~eck -EHJES%( a jazadask zmaz ptf~ejks

jeszted{zefo jaza nft zmk zykozu zmf{saoj spkceks fn zmk nhfykteoi phaoz nalehu Hki{leofsak/ Zmk

sz{ju cfoch{jkj zmaz IDEN yas ikoktahhu acc{tazk( yezm =:+ fn zmk jaza lkkzeoi zmket ctezktea/

L{sk{l spkcelko jaza mas ahsf dkko {skj zf ctkazk kcfhfiecah oecmk lfjkhs aoj zm{s lagk

ptkjeczefos tkiatjeoi zmk jeszted{zefo fn tfjkoz pksz spkceks( smfyeoi zmaz ctfp jalaik es

tkhazkj seioenecaozhu zf zmk ptkjeczkj ptkskock fn tfjkoz spkceks nft sk~ko fn oeok ctfps(

-Saocmkr,Cftjktf aoj Latzeokr,Lkukt( 4000%/

1/; Zmk Pfzkozeah [zehezu fn Ctfyj Sf{tceoi

Alfoi zmk smftzcfleois fn IDEN atk ezs {ok~ko cf~ktaik aoj ezs tkheaock {pfo l{sk{l

cfhhkczefos nft acq{esezefo fn jaza/ Ctfyj sf{tceoi mas dkko {skj s{cckssn{hhu eo sk~ktah

scekozenec jescepheoks( s{cm as Iaha}u Rff -Tajjecgkz ah/(4010% aoj NfhjEz -Kedko kz ah/(

4014%/ Aj~aozaiks fn ctfyj,sf{tceoi eoch{jk zmk nacz zmaz ez jfksoz cfsz lfoku zmaz yf{ hj dk

spkoz fo paej hadf{t du ptfnkssefoah klphfukks/ Ctfyj sf{tceoi ahsf mas zmk pfzkozeah zf taesk

eozktksz eo defje~ktsezu ess{ks/

Pmfzfitapms fn yehjhenk( capz{tkj yezm IPS,koadhkj calktas( atk pfszkj du zmk p{dhec fo

eozktokz sfceah okzyftgeoi sezks aoj dhfis/ P{dhecahhu acckssedhk elaiks atk a~aehadhk zmtf{im

s{cm sezks o{ldkteoi hezktahhu eo zmk dehhefos/ Zmksk elaiks atk fnzko aoofzazkj yezm eonftlazefo

s{cm as ikfhfcazefo aoj spkceks oalk/

Ptk~ef{s yftg mas jk~khfpkj lkzmfjs fn ejkozenueoi zmk hfcazefo az ymecm a pmfzf yas capz{tkj

daskj fo ezs cfozkoz -Maus aoj Kntfs( 400=%/ Zmes yas zagko n{tzmkt eo a s{dskq{koz sz{ju ymecm

skz f{z zf {sk hfcazefo kszelazefo as ao k}pktelkozah patajeil nft eo~kszeiazeoi q{kszefos adf{z

zmk tkhaze~k ~ah{k fn elaik nkaz{tks aoj zk}z zais eo kszelazeoi hfcazefo( -Ctaojahh kz ah/( 4005%/

Zmktk mas ahsf dkko tkckoz yftg jfok fo skatcmeoi a cfhhkczefo fn haojlatg elaiks( {seoi

nkaz{tks s{cm as ikfhfcazefo( elaik cfozkoz aoj zk}z zais -Gkookju aoj Oaalao( 400=%/ Zmes


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sz{ju eoztfj{ckj lkzmfjfhfieks nft zmk aoahuses fn a ihfdah cfhhkczefo fn ikf,zaiikj pmfzfs(

eoch{jeoi zkcmoeq{ks nft ptkjeczeoi hfcazefos fn zmksk pmfzfs/ Zmksk oky lkzmfjs yktk k~ah{azkj

fo apptf}elazkhu 3; lehhefo Nhecgt pmfzfs/ Ez es s{iikszkj zmaz zmksk ikf,chassenecazefo

zkcmoeq{ks cf{hj ahhfy pmfzf laoaiklkoz suszkls hegk Nhecgt zf a{zflazecahhu s{iiksz ikf,

zais( seioenecaozhu tkj{ceoi zmk hadf{t eo~fh~kj eo ajjeoi ikfhfcazefo aoofzazefos/

Seock IPS,koadhkj ikf,zaiieoi ahhfys pecz{tks zf dk assfceazkj yezm ikfitapmecah eonftlazefo(

zmk pfzkozeah fn zmes tksf{tck zf ptf~ejk jaza fo spkceks jeszted{zefos es seioenecaoz/ Eojkkj( zmk

pmfzf smateoi sezk Nhecgtymecm es mflk zf zmf{saojs fn yehjhenk pecz{tks capz{tkj aoj ikf,

zaiikj fo IPS,koadhkj calktasmas tkckozhu dkko fn ~ah{k eo zmk ejkozenecazefo fn a oky

spkceks/ Eo Lau 4011( kozflfhfieszs Sma{o Yeozktzfo -fn zmk Cahenftoea Szazk Cfhhkczefo fn

Atzmtfpfjs az zmk Cahenftoea Jkpatzlkoz fn Nffj% aoj Sma{o Aitec{hz{tk ejkozenekj a ptk~ef{shu

{ogofyo spkceks( hazkt oalkj Sklacmtusa bajk( ymehk dtfyseoi zmk eozktokz-Yeozktzfo kz ah/(

4014%/ Zmes eocejkoz ehh{sztazks zmk pfykt fn elaik ctfyj sf{tceoi/ Ahzmf{im zmk elaik yas

zagko du a pmfzfitapmkt eo jeszaoz Lahausea ymf jej ofz ma~k zmk k}pktzesk zf ejkozenu ez as a oky

spkceks( Yeozktzfo( daskj eo Cahenftoea( maj zmk okckssatu gofyhkjik aoj adehezu/

Zmktk es eoctkaseoihu ao fppftz{oezu nft zmk ikoktah p{dhec( yezm eozktkszs eo zmk oaz{tah scekocks(

kezmkt gofyeoihu ft {ogofyeoihu( zf yftg zfikzmkt yezm ptfnkssefoah za}fofleszs/ Zmk tapej

aj~aocks aoj jk~khfplkoz fn jeiezah pmfzfitapmec zkcmofhfiu( yehh koadhk ptfnkssefoah aoj

alazk{t pmfzfitapmkts zf jk~khfp aoj eonftlahhu jfc{lkoz oky spkceks/ Ymktk zmk spkcelko es

ofz cfhhkczkj( zmk ~f{cmkteoi fn zmk jescf~ktu ayaezs a spkcelko zf koadhk zmk nftlah jksctepze~k

ptfckss aoj zupk jkseioazefo/

1/> Aels aoj Fdbkcze~ks

Zmk p{tpfsk fn zmk ptkskoz papkt es zf cflpatk zmk pmuhfikfitapmec sptkaj fn defje~ktsezu jaza

accftjeoi zf IDEN aoj Nhecgt {seoi cflp{zkt sfnzyatk/ Eo sf jfeoi( zmk {zehezu fn Nhecgt eo

s{pphklkozeoi jeszted{zefoah jaza cao dk assksskj/ Pfssedhk tkasfos nft eocfoit{ezu fn zmk jaza

tkcftjkj du zmfsk zyf suszkls atk jesc{sskj/ Zmk sz{ju skkgs zf zmktkdu q{aozezaze~khu k~ah{azk

zmk acc{tacu fn f{t gofyhkjik fn spkceks jeszted{zefos aoj zmk {zehezu fn Nhecgt eo s{pphklkozeoi

jeszted{zefoah jaza/


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4/ Lazkteahs . Lkzmfjs

4/1 Nhecgt

Nhecgt es skhn,jkneokj as ao foheok elaik smateoi cfll{oezu( aoj yas fteieoahhu ha{ocmkj duSzkyatz D{zzktnekhj as a s{ppftz nacehezu nft foheok ialeoi/

Nhecgt nacehezazks zmk szftaik fn ikf,zaiieoi jaza( ymecm es oftlahhu capz{tkj a{zflazecahhu yezm

IPS,koadhkj jeiezah calktas/ Nhecgt {skts atk adhk zf asseio zais zf elaiks fn zmket fyo aoj

fzmkt pkfphk nft kask fn ftiaoesazefo aoj tkztek~ah/ Zmes nacehezu mas dkko a~aehadhk seock 400>/

Ikf,zaiikj elaiks cao s{dskq{kozhu dk jfyohfajkj eo glh nftlaz cflpazedhk yezm Iffihk

Katzm( lageoi ez a ~ah{adhk tksf{tck nft iazmkteoi defje~ktsezu jaza/

4/4 F~kthap

F~kthap -mzzp2&&yyy/epmuhf/fti&tpaik&pmuhfeonftlazecs&f~kthap&% es a cflp{zkt sctepz( ytezzko

du Tfjktec Paik nft zmk p{tpfsk fn cflpateoi zmk defje~ktsezu eonftlazefo tkcftjkj eo IDEN

yezm zmaz ikoktazkj du pmfzfitapmu szftkj fo Nhecgt/ F~kthap cahhs ykd skt~ecks ptf~ejkj du

Nhecgt aoj IDEN/ Zmk {skt ie~ks zmksk skt~ecks zmk oalk fn ao ftiaoesl aoj zmk skt~ecks tkz{to

eonftlazefo fo zmk ikfitapmecah jeszted{zefo fn zmaz ftiaoesl/ F~kthap ptfj{cks a tkpftz fo zmk

jkitkk fn ikfitapmecah f~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt nft a spkcenekj za}fo( ikoktazeoi zyf

laps( tkptkskozeoi zmk defikfitapmec sptkaj accftjeoi zf IDEN aoj Nhecgt tkspkcze~khu/ Zf

lagk zmes cflpatesfo( f~kthap cfo~ktzs zmk pfeoz hfcahezeks eozf sq{atks aoj jkzktleoks zmk

o{ldkt fn sq{atks -csq{atks% zmaz atk cfllfo zf zmk zyf skzs fn jaza/ Zmk csq{atk serk cao dk

ajb{szkj zf elptf~k zmk acc{tacu fn zmk f~kthap tkpftz/

4/3 Ptfckj{tk

Seock a tfd{sz gofyhkjik fn za}fo jeszted{zefos es fn meimksz elpftzaock eo zmk cask fn

kojaoiktkj spkceks( zmes sz{ju skz f{z zf k~ah{azk IDENs jaza fo spkceks jeszted{zefos nft 40 fn

zmk lfsz kojaoiktkj za}a ihfdahhu/ Skhkczkj za}a eoch{jkj zmk dhacg tmeofcktfs -Jecktfs

decftoes%( sofy hkfpatj -[ocea {ocea%( ~aq{eza -Pmfcfkoa seo{s%( zeikt -Paozmkta zeites%( ieaoz

paoja -Aeh{tfpfja lkhaofhk{ca%( imateah -Ia~eahes iaoikzec{s%( Aseao yehj jfi -C{fo ahpeoks%(

itkko,cmkkgkj pattfz -Alarfoa ~etejeikoahes%( dh{k ymahk -Dahakofpzkta l{sc{h{s%( lf{ozaeo


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iftehha -Iftehha dkteoike dkteoike%( ymezk tmeofcktfs -Cktazfzmkte{l sel{l%( lf{ozaeo iarkhhk

-Iarkhha iarkhhk%( gflfjf jtaifo -^atao{s gflfjfkoses%( Lahauao zapet -Zapet{s Eojec{s%(

Antecao nftksz z{tzhk -Mkfsklus jkptkssa%( pfhat dkat -[ts{s latezel{s%( Antecao yehj jfi

-Hucafo pecz{s%( Cahenftoea cfojft -Iulofiups cahenftoeao{s%( dfofdf -Pao paoesc{s% aoj

ctkszkj edes -Oeppfoea Oeppfo%/

Spkceks oalks yktk kozktkj eozf F~kthap -csq{atk serk 1010% zf ikoktazk jeszted{zefo laps

nft dfzm IDEN aoj Nhecgt( as ykhh as ao f~kthap tkpftz/ Zmk o{ldkt fn IDEN 1010 sq{atks

yezm tkcftjs( zmk o{ldkt fn ikf,zaiikj pmfzfs fo Nhecgt( zmk o{ldkt fn csq{atks cf~ktkj du

IDEN aoj Nhecgt( aoj zmk jkitkk fn f~kthap yktk ofzkj/

Zmtkk pfzkozeah smftzcfleois fn Nhecgt as a sf{tck fn eonftlazefo fo spkceks jeszted{zefos atk -1%

zmk pfssedhk deas aiaeosz spkceks ymecm he~k eo {ojk~khfpkj tkiefos fn zmk yfthj ymktk jeiezah

pmfzfitapmu es seioenecaozhu hkss ntkq{koz7 -4% zmk pfssedhk deas aiaeosz spkceks ymecm atk ptkskoz

eo tkiefos yezm hfykt hk~khs fn zf{tesz eozktksz7 aoj -3% zmk ptkskock fn aoelahs eo yehjhenk patgs

aoj rffs( lkaoeoi zmaz laou fn zmk pmfzfs fo Nhecgt tkptkskoz ftiaoesls zmaz atk f{zsejk fn zmket

oaz{tah taoik/ Eo ftjkt zf jkzktleok zmk seioenecaock fn zmk netsz smftzcfleoi( a cflp{zkt sctepz(

ytezzko du Tfjktec Paik( yas {skj zf k}ztacz lkzajaza nft pecz{tks ntfl zmk Kocuchfpakjea fn

Henks Nhecgt pffh -mzzp2&&yyy/nhecgt/cfl&itf{ps&kocuchfpkjeaVfnVhenk&pffh&% aoj( daskj fo zmk

hazez{jeoah aoj hfoiez{jeoah cf,ftjeoazks( ctkazk a lap jesphaueoi zmk hfcazefos fn ikf,zaiikj

pmfzfs/ Zmk sctepz aiitkiazkj zmk jaza pfeozs eozf 11 sq{atks aoj ikoktazkj a IDEN,szuhk

lap/ Zmk PMP cfjk nft tkztek~eoi zmk pecz{tk jaza aoj ikoktazeoi zmk lap es acckssedhk ~ea

iezm{d -mzzps2&&iezm{d/cfl&tjlpaik&nhecgtkfhlap%/

Zf jkzktleok zmk k}zkoz zf ymecm zmktk k}eszs a deas aiaeosz spkceks ymecm k}esz eo tkiefos yezm

hfy zf{tesz eozktksz( a ihfdah zf{tesl mkaz lap yas fdzaeokj ntfl zmk ykd eo zmk nftl fn a glh

nehk nft ~ekyeoi fo Iffihk Katzm -mzzp2&&yyy/dh{klffo/kk&amze&zf{teszeokss,lap&%/ Zmk sctepz

{skj zf ikoktazk zmes mkaz lap-mzzp2&&yyy/dh{klffo/kk&amze&zf{teszeokss,lap&d{ehjVlap/pu %

es daskj fo aoahuses fn elaiks fo Paoftalef -mzzp2&&yyy/paoftalef/cfl&%/
http://www.flickr.com/groups/encyclopedia_of_life/pool/http://www.flickr.com/groups/encyclopedia_of_life/pool/http://www.flickr.com/groups/encyclopedia_of_life/pool/https://github.com/rdmpage/flickreolmaphttps://github.com/rdmpage/flickreolmaphttps://github.com/rdmpage/flickreolmaphttp://www.bluemoon.ee/~ahti/touristiness-map/http://www.bluemoon.ee/~ahti/touristiness-map/http://www.bluemoon.ee/~ahti/touristiness-map/http://www.bluemoon.ee/~ahti/touristiness-map/build_map.pyhttp://www.bluemoon.ee/~ahti/touristiness-map/build_map.pyhttp://www.bluemoon.ee/~ahti/touristiness-map/build_map.pyhttp://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.bluemoon.ee/~ahti/touristiness-map/build_map.pyhttp://www.bluemoon.ee/~ahti/touristiness-map/https://github.com/rdmpage/flickreolmaphttp://www.flickr.com/groups/encyclopedia_of_life/pool/


11/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

11

Zf zksz zmk seioenecaock fn zmk zmetj smftzcfleoi( zmk ptfckj{tk yas tkpkazkj nft spkceks itf{ps

ymecm atk {ohegkhu zf dk nf{oj eo rffs aoj yehjhenk patgs/ Zmksk itf{ps eoch{jk meimkt ftjkt

aoelahs s{cm as nf}ks( as ykhh as spkceks fn eoskczs( ctads aoj n{oie/ Zmk spkceks eo~fh~kj yktk

zmk ctad,kazeoi nf} -Cktjfcufo zmf{s%( zmk K{tfpkao taddez -Ftuczfhai{s c{oec{h{s%( cfllfo

lftkh n{oie -Lftcmkhha ksc{hkoza%( smaiiu eog cap n{oie -Cfpteo{s cflaz{s%( slffzm eog cap

n{oie -Cfpteo{s aztalkozate{s%( smftk ctad -Catceo{s lakoas%( kjedhk ctad -Caockt pai{t{s%(

cfllfo spejkt ctad -Laba sq{eoajf%( lfsq{ezf -Aofpmkhks q{ajtelac{haz{s%( cfllfo mf{sk

spejkt -Acmakataoka zkpejateft{l% aoj zmk klpktft jtaifonhu -Aoa} elpktazft%/


12/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

14

3/ Tks{hzs

3/1 F~kthap laps nft 40 lfsz kojaoiktkj spkceks

A

D

Nei{tk 12 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnJecktfs decftoes -dhacgtmeofcktfs% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 19

csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas tkcftjs ntfl = csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt

A

D

Nei{tk ;2 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnAeh{tfpfja lkhaofhk{ca -IeaozPaoja% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl : csq{atks7

Nhecgt mas tkcftjs ntfl > csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 1/


17/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

19

A

D

Nei{tk >2 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnIa~eahes iaoikzec{s -Imateah%

spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 1 csq{atk7 Nhecgt mas

tkcftjs ntfl ; csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 1/


18/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

1=

A

D

Nei{tk 92 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnC{fo ahpeo{s -Aseao Yehj Jfi%

spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 13 csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas

tkcftjs ntfl 10 csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < :/


19/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

15

A

D

Nei{tk =2 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnAlarfoa ~etejeikoahes -Itkko,Cmkkgkj

Pattfz% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 10 csq{atks7 Nhecgt

mas tkcftjs ntfl : csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 4/


20/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

40

A

D

Nei{tk 52 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnDahakofpzkta l{sc{h{s -Dh{k Ymahk%

spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl =3 csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas

tkcftjs ntfl > csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < :/


21/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

41

A

D

Nei{tk 102 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnIftehha dkteoike dkteoike -Lf{ozaeoIftehha% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 0 csq{atks7 Nhecgt

mas tkcftjs ntfl 1 csq{atk/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 0/


22/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

44

A

D

Nei{tk 112 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnCktazfzmkte{l sel{l -Ymezk

Tmeofcktfs%spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 1; csq{atks7

Nhecgt mas tkcftjs ntfl 9 csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 3/


23/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

43

A

D

Nei{tk 142 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnIarkhha iarkhha -Lf{ozaeo Iarkhhk%

spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl = csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas

tkcftjs ntfl 3 csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 4/


24/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

4:

A

D

Nei{tk 132 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fn^atao{s gflfjfkoses -Gflfjf

jtaifo% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 1 csq{atk7 Nhecgt

mas tkcftjs ntfl 9 csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 1/


25/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

4;

A

D

Nei{tk 1:2 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnZapet{s Eojec{s -Lahauao Zapet%spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl ; csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas

tkcftjs ntfl = csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 0/


26/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

4>

A

D

Nei{tk 1;2 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnMkfsklus jkptkssa -Atagao Nftksz

Z{tzhk%spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 0 csq{atks7 Nhecgt

mas tkcftjs ntfl 1 csq{atk/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 0/


27/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

49

A

D

Nei{tk 1>2 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fn[ts{s latezel{s -Pfhat Dkat% spkceksnft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl :; csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas tkcftjs

ntfl ; csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < :/


28/57


29/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

45

A

D

Nei{tk 1=2 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnIulofiups cahenftoeao{s -Cahenftoea

Cfojft% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 3 csq{atks7 Nhecgtmas tkcftjs ntfl 4 csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 4/


30/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

30

A

D

Nei{tk 152 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnPao paoesc{s -Dfofdf% spkceks nftIDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 4 csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas tkcftjs ntfl ;

csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 1/


31/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

31

A

D

Nei{tk 402 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnOeppfoea Oeppfo -Ctkszkj Edes%

spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 4 csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas

tkcftjs ntfl 1 csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 0/


32/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

34

Zadhk 12 Cflpatesfo fn Defje~ktsezu Jaza ntfl IDEN aoj Nhecgt

Za}a O{ldkt fn IDEN

1010 Sq{atks

yezm Tkcftjs

O{ldkt fn Ikf,

zaiikj Pmfzfs fo

Nhecgt

O{ldkt fn

csq{atks

cf~ktkj

-IDEN%

O{ldkt fn

csq{atks

cf~ktkj

-Nhecgt%

F~kthap Pktckozaik fn Nhec

csq{atks zmaz f~kt

yezm IDEN csq{at

Jecktfs decftoes

-Dhacg Tmeofcktfs%

;; 40 19 = 3 39/;+

[ocea {oceah-Sofy

Hkfpatj%

0 4 0 1 0 0+

Pmfcfkoa seo{s

-^aq{eza%

: 0 1 0 0 0+

Paozmkta zeites

-Zeikt%

45 40 40 5 1 11/1+

Aeh{tfpfja

lkhaofhk{ca -Ieaoz

Paoja%

= 40 : > 1 1>/9+

Ia~eahes iaoikzec{s-Imateah%

1 40 1 ; 1 40+

C{fo ahpeo{s -Aseao

Yehj Jfi%

40 40 13 10 : :0+

Alarfoa

~etejeikoahes -Itkko,Cmkkgkj Pattfz%

:= 40 10 : 4 ;0+

Dahakofpzkta

l{sc{h{s -Dh{k

Ymahk%

:50 40 =3 > : >>/9+

Iftehha dkteoike

dkteoike -Lf{ozaeo

Iftehha%

0 40 0 1 0 0+

Cktazfzmkte{l

sel{l -Ymezk

Tmeofcktfs%

:0 40 1; 9 3 :4/5+

Iarkhha iarkhha-Lf{ozaeo Iarkhhk%

15 1: = 3 4 >>/9+

^atao{sgflfjfkoses

-Gflfjf Jtaifo%

1 40 1 9 1 1:/4+

Zapet{s Eojec{s

-Lahauao Zapet%

9 40 ; = 0 0+

Mkfsklus jkptkssa

-Atagao Nftksz

Z{tzhk%

0 1 0 1 0 0+

[ts{s latezel{s

-Pfhat Dkat%

1:> 40 :; ; : =0+

Hucafo pecz{s

-Antecao Yehj Jfi%

30 40 5 ; 1 40+

Iulofiups

cahenftoeao{s

-Cahenftoea Cfojft%

30 40 3 4 4 100+

Pao paoesc{s

-Dfofdf%

4 40 4 ; 1 40+

Oeppfoea Oeppfo

-Ctkszkj Edes%

4 1 4 1 0 0+


33/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

33

Zadhk 42 Cflpatesfo fn spkceks oaz{tah madezazs yezm fdskt~kj jeszted{zefos

Spkceks Oaz{tah Madezaz Fdskt~kj Jeszted{zefo -IDEN% Fdskt~kj Jeszted{zefos

-Nhecgt%

Jecktfs decftoes -Dhacg

Tmeofcktfs%

Sf{zm( Kasz aoj Yksz Anteca Cfozeokozah K{tfpk( Asea . NatKasz/

Oftzm Alkteca( CfozeokozahK{tfpk( Eojea aoj Nat Kasz/

[ocea {oceah-Sofy

Hkfpatj%

Animaoeszao( Dm{zao( Zedkz(

Eojea( Garagmszao(Gutiurszao( Lfoifhea(Okpah( Pageszao( Zabegeszao([rdkgeszao/

Ofok Kaszkto cfasz fn [SA/

Pmfcfkoa seo{s -^aq{eza% I{hn fn Cahenftoea I{hn fn Cahenftoea Ofok

Paozmkta zeites -Zeikt% Ntfl Eojea zf Cmeoa aojSf{zmkasz Asea

Ahasga( Oftzm Alkteca( Asea .Nat Kasz/

Oftzm Alkteca( K{tfpk( LejjKasz aoj Eojea/

Aeh{tfpfja lkhaofhk{ca-Ieaoz Paoja%

Ckoztah,ykszkto aoj sf{zm,ykszkto Cmeoa

Cmeoa Oftzm Alkteca( YkszktoK{tfpk( Cmeoa . A{sztahea/

Ia~eahes iaoikzec{s -Imateah% Eojea aoj Okpah D{tla/ Cateddkao( Cfozeokozah K{tfpEojea( Okpah . D{tla/

C{fo ahpeo{s -Aseao YehjJfi%

Eojea Cfozeokozah K{tfpk( Eojea(Cmeoa. Asea/

[SA( K{tfpk( Lftfccf( EojeaPageszao . Bapao/

Alarfoa ~etejeikoahes-Itkko,Cmkkgkj Pattfz%

Actfss zmk hfyhaojs fn

oftzmkaszkto Lk}ecf

Oftzm Alkteca( Ckoztah Alkteca

aoj Oftzm Pacenec Eshaojs

Oftzm Alkteca( Ckoztah

Alkteca/

Dahakofpzkta l{sc{h{s -Dh{kYmahk%

Oftzm Pacenec( OftzmAzhaozec

Cfaszah atkas eo Oftzm Alkteca(Sf{zm Alkteca( Atczec(Aozatczeca( A{sztahea( Sf{zmAnteca( Lejjhk Kasz aoj Bapao/

Kasz Cfasz fn [SA( ItkkohaojOftzm K{tfpk( Eojea aoj Bapao

Iftehha dkteoike dkteoike-Lf{ozaeo Iftehha%

Ckoztah Anteca( sf{zmyksz[iaoja( oftzm,ykszTyaoja( kaszkto tkp{dhec fnCfoif

Ofok Ckoztah Anteca

Cktazfzmkte{l sel{l -YmezkTmeofcktfs%

Sf{zm Anteca Oftzmkto Anteca( Kaszkto Anteca(Sf{zm Anteca . Ckoztah Alktecas

Ckoztah Alkteca( YkszktoK{tfpk( Kaszkto aoj Sf{zmkto

Anteca/

Iarkhha iarkhha -Lf{ozaeo

Iarkhhk%

Atadeao Pkoeos{ha Ofok/ Lejjhk Kasz/

^atao{s gflfjfkoses-Gflfjf jtaifo%

Eojfokseao Eshaojs Ofok Ckoztah Alkteca( Ykszkto

K{tfpk( Eojfoksea .Pmeheppeoks

Zapet{s Eojec{s -Lahauao

Zapet%

Kasz Eojeks Ckoztah Alkteca( Atikozeoa(

Eojfoksea aoj Pmeheppeoks

Ckoztah Alkteca( Ykszkto

K{tfpk aoj Sf{zm A{sztahea/

Mkfsklus jkptkssa -AtagaoNftksz Z{tzhk%

Atgao mehhs fn ykszktoLuaolat

Ofok/ [SA

[ts{s latezel{s -PfhatDkat%

Atczec Cetchk Atczec Cetchk( Ahasga( K{tfpk aoj

Eojeao Fckao/

Oftzm Alkteca . Ykszkto

K{tfpk/

Hucafo pecz{s -Antecao YehjJfi%

Anteca [SA( Kaszkto aoj Sf{zmktoAnteca/

Ykszkto K{tfpk . Sf{zm KaszAnteca/

Iulofiups cahenftoeao{s

-Cahenftoea Cfojft%

Oftzmkto Aterfoa aoj

sf{zmkto [zam( cfaszahlf{ozaeos fn ckoztah aojsf{zmkto Cahenftoea aojoftzmkto Daba Cahenftoea/

Yksz Cfasz fn [SA/ Yksz Cfasz fn [SA/

Pao paoesc{s -Dfofdf% Cfoif eo ckoztah Anteca [SA . Ckoztah Anteca/ [SA aoj Ykszkto K{tfpk/

Oeppfoea Oeppfo -CtkszkjEdes%

Smaao}e ptf~eock fn Cmeoa Cmeoa . Gftka Bapao


34/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

3:

3/4 F~kthap laps nft hkss eozktkszeoi spkceks

A

D

Nei{tk 412 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnCktjfcufo zmf{s -ctad,kazeoi nf}%

spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 1> csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas

tkcftjs ntfl > csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < ;/


35/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

3;

A

D

Nei{tk 442 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnFtuczfhai{s c{oec{h{s -K{tfpkaotaddez% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl ;3 csq{atks7 Nhecgt

mas tkcftjs ntfl : csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < :/


36/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

3>

A

D

Nei{tk 432 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnLftcmkhha ksc{hkoza -cfllfo lftkhn{oie% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 49 csq{atks7 Nhecgt

mas tkcftjs ntfl = csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < >/


37/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

39

A

D

Nei{tk 4:2 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnCfpteo{s cflaz{s -Smaiiu eog,cap

n{oie% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 49 csq{atks7 Nhecgt

mas tkcftjs ntfl > csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < ;/


38/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

3=

A

D

Nei{tk 4;2 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnCfpteo{s aztalkozate{s -slffzm eog,cap n{oie% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 43 csq{atks7



39/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

35

A

D

Nei{tk 4>2 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnCatceo{s lakoas -smftk ctad%spkceksnft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 31 csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas tkcftjs

ntfl > csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < ;/


40/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

:0

A

D

Nei{tk 492 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnCaockt pai{t{s -kjedhk ctad%spkceks

nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 1: csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas tkcftjs

ntfl ; csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < ;/


41/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

:1

A

D

Nei{tk 4=2 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnLaba sq{eoajf -cfllfo spejkt ctad%spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 1: csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas

tkcftjs ntfl : csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < :/


42/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

:4

A

D

Nei{tk 452 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnAofpmkhks q{ajtelac{haz{s-lfsq{ezf% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 5 csq{atks7

Nhecgt mas tkcftjs ntfl 1 csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < 1/


43/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

:3

A

D

Nei{tk 302 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnAcmakataoka zkpejateft{l -cfllfomf{sk spejkt% spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 13 csq{atks7



44/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

::

A

D

Nei{tk 312 F~kthap laps smfyeoi jeszted{zefo fnAoa} elpktazft -klpktft jtaifonhu%spkceks nft IDEN -A% aoj Nhecgt -D%/ IDEN mas tkcftjs ntfl 41 csq{atks7 Nhecgt mas

tkcftjs ntfl > csq{atks/ F~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt < >/


45/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

:;

Zadhk 32 Cflpatesfo fn Defje~ktsezu Jaza ntfl IDEN aoj Nhecgt

Za}a O{ldkt fn IDEN

1010 Sq{atks

yezm Tkcftjs

O{ldkt fn Ikf,

zaiikj Pmfzfs fo

Nhecgt

O{ldkt fn

csq{atks

cf~ktkj -IDEN%

O{ldkt fn

csq{atks

cf~ktkj

-Nhecgt%

F~kthap Pktckozaik fn

Nhecgt csq{atk

zmaz f~kthap y

IDEN csq{atk

Cktjfcufo zmf{s

-ctad,kazeoi nf}%

10> 13 1> > ; =3/3+

Ftuczfhai{sc{oec{h{s-K{tfpkao taddez%

>59 40 ;3 : : 100+

Lftcmkhha ksc{hkoza

-cfllfo lftkh

n{oie%

115 40 49 = > 9;+

Cfpteo{s cflaz{s

-smaiiu eog,cap

n{oie%

40> 40 49 > ; =3/3+

Cfpteo{s

aztalkozate{s

-slffzm eog,cap

n{oie%

10; 40 43 > 3 ;0+

Catceo{s lakoas

-smftk ctad%

405 40 31 > ; =3/3+

Caockt pai{t{s

-kjedhk ctad%

1:> 40 1: ; ; 100+

Laba sq{eoajf

-cfllfo spejktctad%

=0 > 1: : : 100+

Aofpmkhks

q{ajtelac{haz{s-lfsq{ezf%

1= 1 5 1 1 100+

Acmakataoka

zkpejateft{l

-cfllfo mf{sk

spejkt%

:0 40 13 > 4 33/3+

Aoa} elpktazft

-klpktft

jtaifonhu%

1>1 40 41 > > 100+


46/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

:>

Zadhk :2 Cflpatesfo fn spkceks oaz{tah madezazs yezm fdskt~kj jeszted{zefos

Spkceks Oaz{tah Madezaz Fdskt~kj Jeszted{zefo -IDEN% Fdskt~kj Jeszted{zefos

-Nhecgt%

Cktjfcufo zmf{s -ctad,

kazeoi nf}%

Cfhfldea aoj sf{zmkto^kokr{kha( Patai{au([t{i{au aoj Oftzmkto

Atikozeoa/

Cfhfldea aoj sf{zmkto^kokr{kha(Patai{au( [t{i{au aojOftzmkto Atikozeoa aoj Oftzm

Alkteca -yksz cfasz%

Cfhfldea aoj sf{zmkto^kokr{kha(Patai{au( [t{i{auaoj Oftzmkto Atikozeoa aoj

Oftzm Alkteca -sf{zm,yksz cfaFtuczfhai{s c{oec{h{s-K{tfpkao taddez%

Sf{zm yksz K{tfpk -Spaeoaoj Pftz{iah% aoj oftzm ykszAnteca -Lftfccf aojAhiktea%/

Ahh K{tfpk( A{sztahea( Sf{zm

Alkteca( [SA( Ahasga aoj

Pacenec Eshaojs

Sf{zm yksz K{tfpk -Spaeo aojPftz{iah% aoj oftzm yksz Anteca-Lftfccf aoj Ahiktea%/

Lftcmkhha ksc{hkoza

-cfllfo lftkh n{oie%

Oftzm Alkteca

-patzec{hathu cfllfo eo

kaszkto Oftzm Alkteca .

Lejyksz%( Caoaja( Dtareh/

Ahh K{tfpk( Ykszkto A{sztahea(

Bapao( Oftzm Alkteca aoj

Ckoztah Alkteca( Oky Rkahaoj/

Ykszkto K{tfpk aoj Kaszkto

[SA/

Cfpteo{s cflaz{s -smaiiueog,cap n{oie%

K{tfpk( Oftzm Alkteca(A{sztahea( Oky Rkahaoj aojEckhaoj

K{tfpk( Oftzm Alkteca( CkoztahAlkteca( A{sztahea( Oky Rkahaojaoj Sf{zm Alkteca

Ykszkto K{tfpk aoj Kaszkto

A{sztahea/

Cfpteo{s aztalkozate{s-slffzm eog,cap n{oie%

K{tfpk( Oftzm Alkteca aojAsea

K{tfpk( Oftzm Alkteca(Eckhaoj( Ckoztah Alkteca( Sf{zm

Alkteca( A{sztahea( OkyRkahaoj aoj Bapao/

K{tfpk( Scaojeoa~ea aojT{ssea/

Catceo{s lakoas -smftk

ctad%

Oftzm,kasz Azhaozec Fckao(

Dahzec Ska( A{sztahea(

Sf{zm Anteca( Sf{zm

Alkteca aoj dfzm Azhaozec

aoj Pacenec cfaszs fn

Oftzm Alkteca/

Oftzm,kasz Azhaozec Fckao(

Dahzec Ska( A{sztahea( lej,

Pacenec( Tkj Ska atka( Sf{zm

Anteca( Sf{zm Alkteca aoj dfzm

Azhaozec aoj Pacenec cfaszs fn

Oftzm Alkteca/ Oftzm

Alktecao laeohaoj/

Oftzm Yksz aoj Oftzm Kasz

Azhaozec( Dahzec aoj Eojeao

Fckao/

Caockt pai{t{s -kjedhk

ctad%

Oftzm Ska( Oftzm Azhaozec

Fckao aoj LkjezkttaokaoSka


Fckao( Lkjezkttaokao Ska aojT{ssea/


Fckao aoj Lkjezkttaokao Sk

Laba sq{eoajf -cfllfospejkt ctad%

Oftzm,kasz Azhaozec aojzmk Lkjezkttaokao Ska

Oftzm,kasz Azhaozec( KaszAzhaozec aoj zmk Lkjezkttaokao

Ska

Oftzm,kasz Azhaozec aoj zmkLkjezkttaokao Ska

Aofpmkhks q{ajtelac{haz{s

-lfsq{ezf%

Kaszkto Oftzm Alkteca/ Kaszkto Oftzm Alkteca(

Ykszkto Oftzm Alkteca(

Ckoztah Alkteca

Kaszkto Oftzm Alkteca/

Acmakataoka zkpejateft{l

-cfllfo mf{sk spejkt%

Alktecas( Luaolat aoj

Pageszao

Sf{zm Alkteca( K{tfpk( Nat

Kasz aoj Kaszkto A{sztahea/

Oftzm Alkteca aoj

Cfozeokozah K{tfpk/

Aoa} elpktazft -klpktft

jtaifonhu%

Sf{zmkto K{tfpk( oftzm

Anteca aoj Asea

Ahh K{tfpk( Ykszkto Anteca(

Oftzmkto Anteca aoj Sf{zmkto

Anteca/

Ahh K{tfpk aoj Oftzmkto

Anteca/


47/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

:9

3/3 Ihfdah ikf,zaiieoi acze~ezu

3/: Zf{tesl Mkaz Laps

Nei{tk 342 Ihfdah mkaz,lap fn ikf,zaiieoi acze~ezu/ Zmk lap tk~kahs a meim jkitkk fn

ikf,zaiieoi acze~ezu eo Oftzm Alkteca( K{tfpk aoj A{sztahasea d{z a l{cm hfykt

ntkq{kocu eo fzmkt patzs fn zmk ihfdk/

Nei{tk 332 Mkaz,lap fn zf{tesl eo K{tfpk aoj Anteca/ Ukhhfy eojecazks a meim hk~kh fn

zf{tesl/ Tkj eojecazks a lfjktazk hk~kh fn zf{tesl/ Dh{k tkptkskozs a hfy hk~kh fn

zf{tesl/ Zmk sctepz {skj zf ikoktazk zmes lap es daskj fo aoahuses fn elaiks {phfajkj zf

Paoftalea -mzzp2&&yyy/paoftalef/cfl&% aoj zagks eozf accf{oz zmk o{ldkt fn pmfzfs

aoj a{zmfts zmktk atk eo kacm tkspkcze~k tkiefo/
http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/


48/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

:=

Nei{tk 3:2 Mkaz,lap fn zf{tesl eo Oftzm Alkteca/ Ukhhfy eojecazks a meim hk~kh fnzf{tesl/ Tkj eojecazks a lfjktazk hk~kh fn zf{tesl/ Dh{k tkptkskozs a hfy hk~kh fn

zf{tesl/ Zmk sctepz {skj zf ikoktazk zmes lap es daskj fo aoahuses fn elaiks {phfajkj zf

Paoftalea -mzzp2&&yyy/paoftalef/cfl&% aoj zagks eozf accf{oz zmk o{ldkt fn pmfzfs

aoj a{zmfts zmktk atk eo kacm tkspkcze~k tkiefo/

Nei{tk 3;2 Mkaz,lap fn zf{tesl eo Itkkohaoj/ Ukhhfy eojecazks a meim hk~kh fn zf{tesl/

Tkj eojecazks a lfjktazk hk~kh fn zf{tesl/ Dh{k tkptkskozs a hfy hk~kh fn zf{tesl/ Zmk

sctepz {skj zf ikoktazk zmes lap es daskj fo aoahuses fn elaiks {phfajkj zf Paoftalea-mzzp2&&yyy/paoftalef/cfl&% aoj zagks eozf accf{oz zmk o{ldkt fn pmfzfs aoj a{zmfts

zmktk atk eo kacm tkspkcze~k tkiefo/
http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/http://www.panoramio.com/


49/57


50/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

;0

Paojas ma~k ahsf dkko capz{tkj az zmk Oazefoah Patg eo Yasmeoizfo( [SA/ Imateahs ma~k dkko

pmfzfitapmkj eo a rff eo Ntaock/ Aseao yehj jfis ma~k dkko pmfzfitapmkj eo rffs eo Zftfozf

-Caoaja% aoj Iktlaou aoj eo zmk [oezkj Geoijfl/ Itkko,cmkkgkj pattfzs ma~k dkko

pmfzfitapmkj eo a rff eo Ehheofes -[SA%/

Ao ajjezefoah ptfdhkl pktzaeos zf zmk nacz zmaz sflk fn zmk elaiks fo Nhecgt tkptkskoz atzeszec

jesphaus ft l{sk{l k}medezs/ Nft k}alphk( fok pmfzf fo Nhecgt jesphaus a lf{ozkj zeikt mkaj eo

zmk Oaz{tah Scekock Tkskatcm Hadftazftu az zmk L{sk{l fn Zk}as Zkcm [oe~ktsezu/ Zmktk es ahsf

a pmfzf fn a sz{nnkj zeikt az zmk Dtejpftz L{sk{l fo Sf{zm Sztkkz eo Dtejpftz( Koihaoj/

Selehathu( pmfzfs fn aImateah sg{hh ma~k dkko pmfzfitapmkj az zmk Slezmsfoeao l{sk{l fn

oaz{tah meszftu eo Yasmeoizfo J/C/

A n{tzmkt ptfdhkl tkhazks zf casks ymktk zmk salk aoelah mas dkko pmfzfitapmkj lftk zmao

fock( ahzmf{im ntkq{kocu fn fcc{ttkock hegkhu cfttkhazks yezm zmk ntkq{kocu fn ao ftiaoesl dkeoi

pmfzfitapmkj/ Zmes ptfdhkl patzec{hathu pktzaeos( mfyk~kt( zf zmfsk eoszaocks ymktk aoelahs atk

ptkskoz eo rffs/ Eonftlazefo ntfl Nhecgt( zmktknftk( smf{hj dk {skj fohu zf kh{cejazk

defikfitapmecah sptkaj fn a ie~ko za}a( d{z lau ofz dk kozetkhu tkheadhk yezm tkspkcz zf

jkzktleoeoi zmk ntkq{kocu fn a spkceks eo a ie~ko madezaz/ Lftkf~kt( ofz ahh fn zmk pmfzfs fo

Nhecgt ma~k dkko apptfpteazkhu ikf,zaiikj s{cm zmaz zmket hfcazefo cao dk tkajehu ejkozenekj/

Aofzmkt smftzcfleoi es zmk fccasefoah fcc{ttkock fn les,kozktkj jaza/ Spkhheoi leszagks eo

spkceks oalks ahsf fcc{t fo Nhecgt/ Lftkf~kt( zmk cfllfo oalks fn spkceks atk lftk hegkhu zf

dk gofyo zmao zmket scekozenec oalks( aoj zmes hkajs zf sflk fn zmk jaza dkeoi flezzkj ntfl zmk

jeszted{zefo laps/ Ptk~ef{s tkskatcm mas tkpftzkj zmaz 90+ fn ahh ikftknktkockj elaiks

aoahurkj eoch{jk spkcenec phack oalk zais( -Mfhhkoszkeo aoj P{t~ks( 4010%/ Zmk naeh{tk zf ikf,

zai elaiks {phfajkj zf Nhecgt es aofzmkt naczft zmaz tks{hzs eo zmk flessefo fn jaza ntfl

jeszted{zefo laps/

Kttfts cao ahsf fcc{t ymko hfoiez{jk aoj hazez{jk cf,ftjeoazks atk tk~ktskj( ft ymko a hfoiez{jk

es kttfokf{shu tkcftjkj as dkeoi ntfl zmk Ykszkto( tazmkt zmao zmk Kaszkto( Mklespmktk -ft ~eck

~ktsa%/ Zmes appkats zf dk a ptfdhkl ofz fohu nft Nhecgt d{z ahsf nft IDEN/ Nft k}alphk( zmk


51/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

;1

pmuhfikfitapmec lap ptfj{ckj nft IDEN smfys zmk {ohegkhu ptkskock fn pfhat dkats eo

La{teze{s/ Zmes appkats zf tks{hz ntfl a syezcmeoi fn zmk IPS cf,ftjeoazks/ Zmk cf,ftjeoazks

ie~ko du IDEN

-mzzp2&&jaza/iden/fti&fcc{ttkocks&skatcmYezmZadhk/mzl6cW0\/s435:16szatz


52/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

;4

:/3 Es Zmktk a Deas Aiaeosz Tkiefos yezm Hfy Zf{tesz Eozktksz6

Zmk zf{tesl mkaz laps tk~kah selehat pazzktos zf zmk ikf,zaiieoi mkaz lap/ Zmes taesks zmk

q{kszefo fn ymkzmkt pmfzfitapms fo Nhecgt atk zagko pteocepahhu du zf{teszs as fppfskj zf

tksejkozs( zm{s taeseoi zmk pfssedehezu fn ukz a n{tzmkt pfzkozeah salpheoi deas/ Fok yau fn zkszeoi

zmes es zf k}aleok pmfzfs zmaz ma~k dkko zagko eo a tkiefo yezm a meim hk~kh fn ikf,zaiieoi

acze~ezu tkhaze~k zf zmk s{ttf{ojeoi ~eceoezus{cm as Gkoua/ Nft Nhecgt {skts ymf ma~k

cfozted{zkj zf zmk Kocuchfpakjea fn Henk -KFH% itf{p( Nhecgt ptfj{cks a lap eojecazeoi ymktk

eo zmk yfthj zmku ma~k zagko pmfzfs/ Zmes cao dk {skj zf lagk eonktkocks adf{z zmk {skts hegkhu

phack fn tksejkock/ Pktnftleoi zmes aoahuses tk~kahs zmaz ahh fn zmk Nhecgt {skts ymf ma~k zagko

pmfzfs eo Gkoua aoj ymf ma~k cfozted{zkj zf zmk KFH itf{p( nft ymecm ez es pfssedhk du zmes

lkzmfj zf jesckto a hegkhu hfcazefo fn tksejkock( jf ofz he~k eo Gkoua/ [skt Ja~ej jF

-mzzp2&&yyy/nhecgt/cfl&pmfzfs&ja~ejVf&lap&accksskj 04&0=&4014% es hegkhu tksejkoz eo zmk

Okzmkthaojs7 Sata.Bfacmel -mzzp2&&yyy/nhecgt/cfl&pmfzfs&sataVbfacmel&lap&accksskj

04&0=&4014% eo Sf{zm Anteca7 Ged{u{ -mzzp2&&yyy/nhecgt/cfl&pmfzfs&ja~ejduifzz&lap&

accksskj 04&0=&4014% eo Aterfoa( [SA7 Seyehj

-mzzp2&&yyy/nhecgt/cfl&pmfzfs&slezmsfoeaoyehj&lap&accksskj 04&0=&4014% eo Paoala( [SA7

H{jf~ec Methelaoo -mzzp2&&yyy/nhecgt/cfl&pmfzfs&hmethelaoo&lap&accksskj 04&0=&4014% eo

Iktlaou7 aoj Ajaj{ezfgha -mzzp2&&yyy/nhecgt/cfl&pmfzfs&ajaj{ezfgha&lap&accksskj

04&0=&4014% eo Lahausea/

Lftkf~kt( seock jaza atk cfhhkczkj fppftz{oeszecahhu -Yehheals kz ah/( 4004%( ez es pfssedhk zmaz

zmktk lau dk seioenecaoz spazeah deas( nft eoszaock eo na~f{t fn atkas eo chfsk ptf}elezu zf te~kt

aoj tfaj okzyftgs -Cmaplao( 400;a%/ Zmktk es( lftkf~kt( a tkhazkj spazeah deas aiaeosz hkss

pfp{hazkj tkiefos fn zmk yfthj/ Nft k}alphk( nei{tk 34 tk~kahs zmk fcc{ttkock fn ikf,zaiieoi

acze~ezu eo Dtareh d{z ezs adskock eo zmk Alarfo B{oihk/ Zmes lagks zmk {sk fn Nhecgt sflkymaz

hkss {skn{h eo zktls fn ejkozenueoi of~kh spkceks zmaz ma~k mezmktzf tklaeokj {ojfc{lkozkj/

:/: Zmk Yau Nftyatj

Kttft ptk~kozefo es l{cm cmkapkt aoj lftk knnecekoz zmao kttft cfttkczefo aoj chkaoeoi

-Cmaplao( 400;d%/ Ofokzmkhkss( lkas{tks smf{hj dk jk~khfpkj zf kos{tk ptfpkt jaza ~ahejazefo

aoj cfttkczefo nft elaiks {phfajkj zf Nhecgt aoj selehat elaik,smateoi nacehezeks/ Acmek~eoi zmes
http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/sara_joachim/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/sara_joachim/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/sara_joachim/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidbygott/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidbygott/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidbygott/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/smithsonianwild/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/smithsonianwild/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/smithsonianwild/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/lhirlimann/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/lhirlimann/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/lhirlimann/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/adaduitokla/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/adaduitokla/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/adaduitokla/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/adaduitokla/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/lhirlimann/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/smithsonianwild/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidbygott/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/sara_joachim/map/http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/map/


53/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

;3

ifah tkq{etks zmk ejkozenecazefo fn cfllfo ca{sks fn kttft aoj {zehereoi zmes gofyhkjik zf lfjenu

aoj elptf~k zmk ptfckj{tk fn jaza koztu -Cmaplao( 400;a%( eo ajjezefo zf ejkozenueoi eoszaocks

fn kttft nft jaza ahtkaju kozktkj aoj cfttkczeoi zmfsk ejkozenekj kttfts -Lahkczec aoj Latc{s(

4000%/ Ez mas dkko s{iikszkj zmaz( {ohkss ajkq{azk ptk~kozefo lkas{tks ma~k dkko zagko( ao kttft

tazk fn 1,;+ es k}pkczkj -Tkjlao( 155>%/ Neojeoi aoj cfttkczeoi kttfokf{s tkcftjs cao dk

zkjef{s aoj zelk cfos{leoi -Yehheals kz ah/( 4004% d{z ez es a zasg fn itkaz elpftzaock/ Zmk

tks{hzs fn zmes papkt eojecazk zmaz elptfpkt koztu fn spazeah pfsezefo jaza aoj za}a ejkozenecazefo

atk alfoi zmk sf{tcks fn kttft eo koztu fn spkceks,fcc{ttkock jaza/ Zmk hazzkt cazkiftu fn kttft

cf{hj dk seioenecaozhu tkj{ckj en zffhs( s{cm as khkcztfoec za}a gkus( yktk jk~khfpkj zf aej za}a

ejkozenecazefo/ Heszs fn spkceks oalks nft jennktkoz za}foflec cazkifteks aoj ikfitapmecah tkiefos

ma~k ahtkaju dkko jk~khfpkj( aoj knnftzs ma~k dkko lajk zf cazahfi{k zmksk eozf a ihfdah eojk}

-Ntfksk aoj Desdu( 4014%/

Nft appatkoz spazeah kttfts ateseoi ntfl les,kozktkj hfoiez{jeoah aoj hazez{jeoah cf,ftjeoazks(

cfttkczefo lau dk pfssedhk du lkaos fn ahzkteoi zmk seio -e/k/ oftzmkto ~s/ sf{zmkto mklespmktk%

ft du syezcmeoi hfoiez{jeoah aoj hazez{jeoah cf,ftjeoazks/

:/; Cfoch{sefos2 Zmk ^ah{k fn Ctfyj Sf{tceoi as a Sf{tck fn Defje~ktsezu Eonftlazefo

Zkcmofhfiu aj~aocks ma~k dkko ejkozenekj as fok fn zmk labft tkasfo nft chelazk cmaoik/

Etfoecahhu( as es meimheimzkj eo zmes papkt( ptfpkthu matoksskj zkcmofhfiu annftjs a labft

fppftz{oezu zf assesz eo cazahfieoi aoj lfoezfteoi zmk knnkczs fo spkceks/ Ie~ko zmk scahk aoj

spkkj fn cmaoik zf zmk ihfdah ko~etfolkoz( zmk elpftzaock fn {zehereoi zmksk tksf{tcks es fn

labft seioenecaock/

Zmk laeo cmahhkoiks eo {zehereoi zmk ctfyj sf{tceoi atk7

a/ Zkcmofhfiu es oky aoj kathu itklheos ma~k zf dk ejkozenekj aoj ne}kj/ d/ IPS koadhkj calktas kzc/ atk ptkjfleoazkhu annftjkj du eoje~ej{ahs eo ykahzmekt patzs fn

zmk yfthjzmk jklfitapmec fn Nhecgt {skts es cktzaeohu ofz tkptkskozaze~k fn zmk ihfdah

sez{azefo/ Ez es fd~ef{s ntfl nei{tk 34 zmaz zmk ntkq{kocu fn {sk eo lasse~k haoj lassks

s{cm as zmk Alarfo b{oihk atk cfosejktadhu hkss zmao eo {tdao atkas -ukz zmk taeonftksz

atkas atk zmk lfsz kojaoiktkj aoj ahsf cfozaeo zmk meimksz ~atekzu fn ejkozenekj aoj


54/57

Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

;:

{oejkozenekj spkceks/ Zmes cfeocejks yezm a ykagokss eo IDEN eoasl{cm as s{cm

elpftzaoz cf{ozteks s{cm as Dtareh aoj Dfhe~ea atk ofz patzecepazeoi cf{ozteks/

c/ Ez es ofz ukz az a szaik ymktk hadkheoi cao jesckto ymkzmkt zmk spkceks es eo ezs oaz{tahmadezaz( eo a rff ft jesphaukj du a za}ejktlesz/ Zmes lau dk elptf~kj du nehzkteoi f{z

ctkaz{tks mkhj eo rff aoj l{sk{l hfcazefos/ Zmktk atk ahsf ejkozenecazefo ess{ks s{cm as

zmaz meimheimzkj adf~k( aoj jfc{lkozkj du Szannftj kz ah/( -4010% tkiatjeoi spkceks fn

d{ldhk dkks/

j/ Zmk pfssedhk salpheoi deas ca{skj du zmk ptfpkosezu nft pmfzfitapms fo Nhecgt zf dkzagko hatikhu du zf{teszs tazmkt zmao tksejkozs/

k/ Zmk f~kthap dkzykko IDEN aoj Nhecgt es jeszftzkj nft kojaoiktkj spkceks/ Zmes es j{k zfzmk ckhkdtezu szaz{s accftjkj zf s{cm ctkaz{tks s{cm as Ieaoz Paojas ymktkas zmk zadhks

smfy seioenecaozhu itkazkt f~kthap nft ctkaz{tks zmaz atk fn hfykt p{dhec eozktksz/

Seioenecaoz aj~aozaiks fn ctfyj sf{tceoi atk ahsf ejkozenekj du zmes papkt2

a/ Ez es jklfctazec eo zmaz ez koiaiks lehhefos fn pkfphk zmtf{imf{z zmk yfthj/ Zmes esknnkcze~khu ntkk tkskatcm zf zmk scekozenec cfll{oezu/ Zmk lfze~azefo fn zaiieoi es

cfosejktkj zf dk zyf,nfhj -e% nft zmk pktsfoah ftiaoesazefo fn zmk pmfzfitapmkt aoj -ee% as

a sfceah cfozted{zefo nft zmk {sk fn zmk yejkt cfll{oezu -Alks aoj Oaalao( 4009%/

d/ Ez eoszaozhu {phfajs zmk eonftlazefo aoj tkcftjs zmk zeleoi fn zmk tkcftj/ Zmes es aoelpftzaoz nkaz{tk eo cfleoi zf ao {ojktszaojeoi fn leitazefo aoj ko~etfolkozah elpacz/

c/ Ez es ikoktahhu meim q{ahezu eo zktls fn ptkskozazefo aoj ymko cazahfieoi es acc{tazk( ez eskasehu nehkj aoj tkskatcmkj/

Zmk nfhhfyeoi komaocklkozs aoj nehzkteoi lkas{tks cf{hj elptf~k zmk sez{azefo2

1/ Nehzkteoi f{z ctkaz{tks aoj spkceks mkhj eo rffs( dfzaoec iatjkos( l{sk{ls -k/i/ sz{nnkjaoelahs% aoj tkskatcm kszadhesmlkozs/

4/ Jeahfi{k yezm IPS aoj Nhecgt zkcmoeceaos yezm a ~eky zf kheleoazeoi zmksk gofyoptfdhkls/

3/ As d{jikzs pktlez( jeszted{zefo fn IPS koadhkj calktas zf tksejkozs fn atkas fn patzec{hatd{z {ocf~ktkj atkas s{cm as b{oihk( jksktz ft atczec tkiefos/


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Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

;;

:/ Taeseoi p{dhec ayatkokss fn zmk cfozted{zefo ptf~ejkj du pmfzfitapmkts {phfajeoi aojikf,zaiieoi elaiks/

K~ejkozhu( yk atk fo a hkatoeoi c{t~k eo tkspkcz fn zmk apphecazefo fn aj~aockj zkcmofhfiu/ Ez es

ahsf chkat zmaz zmktk es a pfzkozeah nft jeszftzefo fn tkcftjs aoj zmk hfoikt zmes ifks {ocmkcgkj( zmk

matjkt ez yehh dk zf {ota~kh zmk klktieoi les{ojktszaojeois/ En ptfpkthu matoksskj yezm azzkozefo

paej zf jkzaeh( zmes cao lagk a m{ik eojkoz zf zmk cazahfi{eoi( lfoezfteoi aoj {hzelazkhu zmk

ptfzkczefo fn spkceks/ Ez yehh zagk a cfocktzkj knnftz fn zmk scekozenec( zkcmofhfiecah aoj pktmaps

lftk elpftzaozhu( p{dhec cfll{oezeks zf aj~aock f{t ~ezah cflptkmkosefo fn defje~ktsezu/

Hezktaz{tk Cezkj

Alks( L/( . Oaalao( L/ -4009%/ Ymu Yk Zai2 Lfze~azefos nft Aoofzazefo eo Lfdehk aoj

Foheok Lkjea/ CME 092 Ptfc/ SEICME cfonktkock fo M{lao Naczfts eo Cflp{zeoiSuszkls( pp/ 5915=0/

Desdu( N/ A/ -4014%/ Zmk Q{ekz Tk~fh{zefo2 Defje~ktsezu Eonftlazecs aoj zmk Eozktokz/ Scekock(

4305-4000%/

Cmaplao( A/ J/ -400;a%/ Pteocephks aoj Lkzmfjs fn Jaza Chkaoeoi Ptelatu Spkceks aojSpkceks,Fcc{ttkock Jaza/Tkpftz nft zmk Ihfdah Defje~ktsezu Eonftlazefo Nacehezu(

Cfpkomaiko/

Cmaplao( A/ J/ -400;d%/ Pteocephks fn Jaza Q{ahezu/ Tkpftz nft zmk Ihfdah Defje~ktsezu

Eonftlazefo Nacehezu( Cfpkomaiko/

Cfhykhh( T/ G/( . Cfjjeoizfo( B/ A/ -155:%/ Kszelazeoi zkttkszteah defje~ktsezu zmtf{imk}ztapfhazefo/ Pmehfsfpmecah Ztaosaczefos -Tfuah Sfcekzu fn Hfojfo%( 3:;( 101,11=/

Ctaojahh( J/( Dacgsztfl( H/( M{zzkohfcmkt( J/( . Ghkeodkti( B/ -4005%/ Lappeoi zmk Yfthjs

Pmfzfs/ YYY/

Ja~eks( O/( ^ehhadhaoca( N/ ]/( . Tfjktecg( I/ G/ -1555%/ Defeo~asefos fn zmk Lkjnhu Cktazezescapezaza2 Sf{tck Kszelazefo [seoi JOA Skq{kocks az L{hzephk Eoztfo Hfce/ Szazeszecs( 1;3(3;1,3>0/

Kjyatjs( B/ H/ -4014%/ Eozktfpktadehezu fn Defje~ktsezu Jazadasks 2 Defje~ktsezu Eonftlazefo foK~ktu Jksgzfp/ Sfcekzu( 4314-4000%( 4314,431:/


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Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

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Kedko( C/ D/( Sekikh( B/ D/( Dahk( B/ D/( Cffpkt( S/( Gmazed( N/( Smko( D/ Y/( Phaukts( N/( kz ah/-4014%/ Eoctkaskj Jekhs,Ahjktask acze~ezu zmtf{im dacgdfok tklfjkheoi i{ejkj du Nfhjez

phaukts/Oaz{tk Defzkcmofhfiu( 30-4%( 150,154/ Oaz{tk P{dhesmeoi Itf{p/

Nfoskca( J/ L/( Calpdkhh( S/( Ctaos( Y/ B/( Lfie( L/( Leuaie( E/( Zfla( Z/( D{hheaos( L/( kz ah/

-1555%/ Akjks -Neohaua% bapfoec{s -Jepzkta2 C{hecejak%( a Okyhu Tkcfioerkj Lfsq{ezf eozmk [oezkj Szazks2 Aoahusks fn Ikokzec ^ateazefo eo zmk [oezkj Szazks aoj P{zaze~k Sf{tckPfp{hazefos/Bf{toah fn Lkjecah Kozflfhfiu( 3=-B{hu 155=%( 13;,1:>/

Ntfksk( T/( . Desdu( N/ A/ -4014%/ Cazahfi{k fn Henk 4014/ Tkztek~kj ntfl

mzzp2&&yyy/cazahfi{kfnhenk/fti&aoo{ah,cmkcghesz&

Maus( B/( . Kntfs( A/ A/ -400=%/ EL4IPS2 kszelazeoi ikfitapmec eonftlazefo ntfl a seoihk

elaik/ C^PT/

Mfhhkoszkeo( H/( . P{t~ks( T/ S/ -4010%/ K}phfteoi phack zmtf{im {skt,ikoktazkj cfozkoz2 [seoi

Nhecgt zais zf jksctedk cezu cftks/ Bf{toah fn Spazeah Eonftlazefo Scekock( 1( 41,:=/

Gkookju( H/ -400=%/ Ikoktazeoi Je~ktsk aoj Tkptkskozaze~k Elaik Skatcm Tks{hzs nft

Haojlatgs/ YYY/

Lahkzec( B/ E/( . Latc{s( A/ -4000%/ Jaza Chkaoseoi2 Dkufoj Eozkitezu Aoahuses/ Ptfckkjeois fn

zmk Cfonktkock fo Eonftlazefo Q{ahezu -EQ4000%( 400,405/

Okhsfo( D/ Y/( Nkttketa( C/ A/ C/( Seh~a( L/ N/ ja( . Gayasge( L/ H/ -1550%/ Kojklesl ckoztks(tkn{iea aoj dfzaoecah cfhhkczefo jkosezu eo Dtareheao Alarfoea/Oaz{tk( 3:;( 91:,91>/

Oudkti( F/ T/( . Oudkti( J/ -4001%/ L{sk{l cfhhkczefos fn lallahs cfttfdftazk zmkk}ckpzefoah jkcheok fn ptaetek madezaz eo zmk Cmecaif tkiefo/ Bf{toah fn Lallahfiu( =4-:%(5=:,554/

Tajjecg( L/ B/( Iau( P/ H/( Heozfzz( C/ B/( Ma~ko( O/( . Srahau( A/ S/ -4010%/ Iaha}u Rff2K}phfteoi zmk Lfze~azefos fn Cezerko Scekock ^fh{ozkkts/ Asztfoflu Kj{cazefo Tk~eky(

5-1%/

Tkjlao( Z/ C/ -155>%/Jaza Q{ahezu nft zmk Eonftlazefo Aik/ Atzkcm Mf{sk Eoc/

Saocmkr,Cftjktf( ^/( . Latzeokr,Lkukt( K/ -4000%/ L{sk{l spkcelko jaza ptkjecz ctfp

jalaik du ztfpecah tfjkozs/ POAS( 59-13%( 909:,9099/

Smannkt( M/ D/( Nesmkt( T/ O/( . Ja~ejsfo( C/ -155=%/ Zmk tfhk fn oaz{tah meszftu cfhhkczefos eojfc{lkozeoi spkceks jkcheoks/ Pfp{hazefo -Koihesm Kjezefo%( ;3:9-59%( 49,30/

S{atkr( A/ ^/( Mfhyau( J/ A/( . Cask( Z/ B/ -4001%/ Pazzktos fn sptkaj eo defhfiecah eo~asefos

jfleoazkj du hfoi,jeszaock b{lp jespktsah2 Eoseimzs ntfl Atikozeok aozs/ Ptfckkjeois fnzmk Oazefoah Acajklu fn Scekocks( 5=-3%( 14,1:/


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Bfoazmao LcHazcmek

Szannftj( T/( Matz( A/ I/( Cfhheos( H/( Getgmfpk( C/ H/( Yehheals( T/ H/( Tkks( S/ I/( Hhfuj( B/ T/(kz ah/ -4010%/ K{,Sfceah Scekock2 Zmk Tfhk fn Eozktokz Sfceah Okzyftgs eo zmk Cfhhkczefo fn

Dkk Defje~ktsezu Jaza/ Sfceah Okzyftgs( ;-14%/ jfe210/1391&bf{toah/pfok/001:3=1

Yehheals( P/ M/( Lati{hks( C/ T/( . Mehdktz( J/ Y/ -4004%/ Jaza tkq{etklkozs aoj jaza sf{tcks

nft defje~ktsezu pteftezu atka skhkczefo/ B/ Defsc/( 49-:%( 349,33=/

Yeozktzfo( S/ H/( I{kg( M/ P/( . Dtffgs( S/ B/ -4014%/ A cmateslazec oky spkceks fn itkko

hackyeoi jescf~ktkj eo Lahausea - Ok{tfpzkta ( Cmtusfpejak %2 zmk cfonh{kock fn cezerkoscekozesz ( foheok elaik jazadask aoj cudktza}foflu/ RffGkus( 41:( 1,11/

Ukssfo( C/( Dtkykt( P/ Y/( S{zzfo( Z/( Caezmokss( O/( Pamya( B/ S/( D{tikss( L/( Itau( Y/ A/( kz

ah/ -4009%/ Mfy Ihfdah Es zmk Ihfdah Defje~ktsezu Eonftlazefo Nacehezu6 IhfdahDefje~ktsezu( -11%/

An Evaluation of the Utility of Crowd Sourcing in Species Biodiversity Management

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