An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in...
Transcript of An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in...
![Page 1: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Access, Equity and Success in Higher Education:An European Perspective.
The World Bank The World Bank ‘‘Annual Bank Conference on Annual Bank Conference on Development & EconomicsDevelopment & Economics’’(ABCDE) (ABCDE) 99--11 June 2008, Cape Town, 11 June 2008, Cape Town, South AfricaSouth Africa
![Page 2: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Access, Equity and Success in Higher Education:An European Perspective.
JosJoséé Ferreira GomesFerreira GomesUniversidade do Porto (Portugal)Universidade do Porto (Portugal)[email protected]@fc.up.pthttp://www.fc.up.pt/pessoas/jfgomeshttp://www.fc.up.pt/pessoas/jfgomes Cape Town, 09Jun08
ABCDE 2008 South AfricaABCDE 2008 South Africa““People, Politics & GlobalizationPeople, Politics & Globalization””
![Page 3: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Access, Equity and Successin Higher Education:AnAn EuropeanEuropean PerspectivePerspective1. Introduction
2. The growth of higher education provision
3. Attracting and retaining a diverse student body
4. Funding, Student support
5. Maintaining quality through massification
6. Institutional diversification, I.C.T.
7. Cross-border provision
8. Concluding remarksCape Town, 09Jun08
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
![Page 4: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1. Introduction• Problems associated with the growth of HE:
Old type of students or new students?
What is quality? Is it to be maintained?
Old type of universities or new?
Funding, public or private?
• Solutions (?):
Public policies
Institutional policies
I.C.T.
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 5: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. Introduction
2. The growth of higher education provision
3. Attracting and retaining a diverse student body
4. Funding, Student support
5. Maintaining quality through massification
6. Institutional diversification, I.C.T.
7. Cross-border provision
8. Concluding remarks
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
Access, Equity and Successin Higher Education:AnAn EuropeanEuropean PerspectivePerspective
![Page 6: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2. The growth of higher education provision
19th century –
- The nation-state
- The industrialization
- The hopes based on science
20th century –
- Success of S & T
- Human capital theories
- Massification
21st century –
- Universalization?
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 7: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Number of studentsper 10,000 capita world population
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 8: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Number of studentsper 10,000 capita regional population
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 9: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Educational status of students’ fathers
- Massification did not imply equity of access!
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 10: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1. Introduction
2. The growth of higher education provision
3. Attracting and retaining a diverse student body
4. Funding, Student support
5. Maintaining quality through massification
6. Institutional diversification, I.C.T.
7. Cross-border provision
8. Concluding remarks
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
Access, Equity and Successin Higher Education:AnAn EuropeanEuropean PerspectivePerspective
![Page 11: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3. Attracting and retaining a diverse student body
Public policies: Social cohesion
- Fair opportunities for the less privileged
Institutional policies: Improve the student experiencein a diverse student body
- Access policies- Retention policies with student support
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 12: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1. Introduction
2. The growth of higher education provision
3. Attracting and retaining a diverse student body
4. Funding, Student support
5. Maintaining quality through massification
6. Institutional diversification, I.C.T.
7. Cross-border provision
8. Concluding remarks
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
Access, Equity and Successin Higher Education:AnAn EuropeanEuropean PerspectivePerspective
![Page 13: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Expenditure per HE studentin equivalent (PPP) USD
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 14: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Expenditure per HE studentrelative to GDP per capita
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 08Jun08
![Page 15: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Public and private expenditureon HE relative to GDP
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 16: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
4. Funding
• Public fundingMay be fiscally regressive
• Students’ fees
May hinder access of disadvanteged social groups
Student support
• Students’ loans
Income contingent loans
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 17: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
4. Funding
• Public funding
• Students’ fees
• Students’ loans
• Fundraising
• Institutional redistribution through scholarships
Advertised vs. net fees in the US:2-yr colleges US$ 2.272 US$ 100
4yr colleges & Univ US$ 5.836 US$ 2.700
Private colleges & Univ US$ 22.218 US$ 13.200
(plus room and board US$7.00 to 8.000)
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 18: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1. Introduction
2. The growth of higher education provision
3. Attracting and retaining a diverse student body
4. Funding, Student support
5. Maintaining quality through massification
6. Institutional diversification, I.C.T.
7. Cross-border provision
8. Concluding remarks
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
Access, Equity and Successin Higher Education:AnAn EuropeanEuropean PerspectivePerspective
![Page 19: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
5. Maintaining quality through massification
• What quality?
Academic standards
Student wishes
Society’s needs
• Best serve the students:
To push each student to his/her highest potential!
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 20: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1. Introduction
2. The growth of higher education provision
3. Attracting and retaining a diverse student body
4. Funding, Student support
5. Maintaining quality through massification
6. Institutional diversification, I.C.T.
7. Cross-border provision
8. Concluding remarks
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
Access, Equity and Successin Higher Education:AnAn EuropeanEuropean PerspectivePerspective
![Page 21: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Carnegie Classification of Higher Education Institutions (US)
1971: Carnegie Classification (US) developed as a sampling device inhigher education research
• Doctoral-Granting Institutions • Comprehensive Colleges • Liberal Arts Colleges • All Two-Year Colleges and Institutes • Professional Schools and Other Specialized Institutions
6. Institutional diversificationA
cces
s, E
quity
and
Succ
ess
inH
E
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 22: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Carnegie Classification of Higher Education Institutions (US)
1971: Carnegie Classification (US) developed as a sampling device inhigher education research, five categories
1994: ten categories, based on four criteria (research and teachingobjectives, degrees offered, size, comprehensiveness)
2006: new classification developed: multiple dimensions
European attempts at classifying HE institutions – no results so far!
6. Institutional diversificationA
cces
s, E
quity
and
Succ
ess
inH
E
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 23: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The creation of top international institutions
In Europe
In Asia
6. Institutional diversification
• What quality?
• Best serve the students:To push each student to his/her highest potential!
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 24: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The impact of ICT
• The impact of ICT on what is learneda. competency and performance-based curriculab. information literacy
• The impact of ICT on how students learna. Student-centred learningb. Supporting knowledge construction
• The impact of ICT on when and where students learna. any-place learningb. anytime learning
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
Not a cheap solution!
![Page 25: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1. Introduction
2. The growth of higher education provision
3. Attracting and retaining a diverse student body
4. Funding, Student support
5. Maintaining quality through massification
6. Institutional diversification, I.C.T.
7. Cross-border provision
8. Concluding remarks
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Access, Equity and Successin Higher Education:AnAn EuropeanEuropean PerspectivePerspective
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 26: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
% of international studentsin the HE graduate output
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 27: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Countries where domestic studentsenrolled abroad represent more than20% of the domestic HE enrolment
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 28: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Countries with more than 20% of their tertiary educated people
expatriated in the OECD area
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 29: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
7. Cross border provision
Response to local shortages
Rapid transfer of skills
Human capacity building
International understanding
Quality concerns
Commercial opportunity (uncontroled)
Brain drain
“Sharing Quality HE Across Borders”a 2005 IAU policy statement
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 30: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1. Introduction
2. The growth of higher education provision
3. Attracting and retaining a diverse student body
4. Funding, Student support
5. Maintaining quality through massification
6. Institutional diversification, I.C.T.
7. Cross-border provision
8. Concluding remarks
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Access, Equity and Successin Higher Education:AnAn EuropeanEuropean PerspectivePerspective
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 31: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
![Page 32: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Key Principles
• Reccommendations to HE Institutions
• Reccommendations to Governments
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
![Page 33: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Access, Equity and Success in Higher Education:An European Perspective.
JosJoséé Ferreira GomesFerreira GomesUniversidade do Porto (Portugal)Universidade do Porto (Portugal)[email protected]@fc.up.pthttp://www.fc.up.pt/pessoas/jfgomeshttp://www.fc.up.pt/pessoas/jfgomes
To push each and every studentto his/her highest potential!
Cape Town, 09Jun08
![Page 34: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Acc
ess,
Equ
ityan
dSu
cces
sin
HE
Cape Town, 08Jun08
Access, Equity and Success in Higher Education:An European Perspective.
Hot discussion points in Europe
• Finance: fees vs. loans ***
• Governance: authonomy or sovereignity
• Homogeneity or diversification ***
• After massification, universalization?
• Access does not mean success! ***
![Page 35: An European Perspective. · in Higher Education: An European Perspective. Hot discussion points in Europe • Finance: fees vs. loans *** • Governance: authonomy or sovereignity](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042910/5f40e6f0fd0b290cca2a5809/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Access, Equity and Success in Higher Education:An European Perspective.
JosJoséé Ferreira GomesFerreira GomesUniversidade do Porto (Portugal)Universidade do Porto (Portugal)[email protected]@fc.up.pthttp://www.fc.up.pt/pessoas/jfgomeshttp://www.fc.up.pt/pessoas/jfgomes
Thank You!
Cape Town, 09Jun08