An Era of Social ChangeAn Era of Social Change3131CHAPTERCHAPTER

Overview

Time Lines

Transparencies

Chapter Assessment

Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality

Women Fight for Equality

Culture and Counterculture

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SECTION 2

SECTION 3

THEMES IN CHAPTER 31

An Era of Social ChangeAn Era of Social Change3131CHAPTERCHAPTER

Immigration and Migration

Civil Rights

“The times they are a-changin´.”

Bob Dylan, singer

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Women in America

The American Dream

An Era of Social ChangeAn Era of Social Change3131CHAPTERCHAPTER

What do you know?

• What images or symbols come to mind when you think about the 1960s?

• What people—including politicians, musicians, and activists—helped shape the 1960s?

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Time LineTime Line3131CHAPTERCHAPTER

The United States

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1966 National Organization for Women (NOW) is formed. National Farm Workers Association merges with another farm workers union to form the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee.1967 Twenty-fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, providing guidelines for presidential and vice-presidential succession, takes effect.1968 Native American activists found American Indian Movement (AIM).

1962 Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta found the National Farm Workers Association.

1975 Congress passes Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act.

1972 Congress passes Equal Rights Amendment.1970 Political party La Raza Unida is formed.

Time LineTime Line3131CHAPTERCHAPTER

The World

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1963 Civil war breaks out between Greeks and Turks on Cyprus.

1967 Six-Day War erupts between Israel and Arab nations.

1970 Anwar el-Sadat becomes president of Egypt.

1962 Chinese forces invade India.

1972 Earthquake kills 10,000 in Nicaragua.

1969 President Charles de Gaulle of France resigns.

1971 General Idi Amin Dada seizes power in Uganda.

Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality1

Learn About

the problems faced by Latinos and Native Americans.

To Understand

their campaigns for civil rights and economic justice.

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Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality1 HOME

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Key Idea

The nation’s Latinos and Native Americans demand greater equality in housing, employment, education, and political representation.

Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality1

Section Assessment1

What were the broad similarities between the issues faced by Latinos and Native Americans during the 1960s? What were each group’s unique concerns?

SUMMARIZING

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SECTION

LATINOSDesire for

greater assimilation

into mainstream

society

SIMILARITIES

Great diversity within both groupsPride in their cultural heritage

Concerns over their children’s educationPolitical activism

High unemploymentPoverty

Second-class citizenshipMilitant factions

Victims of prejudice

NATIVE AMERICANS

Desire to remain outside

mainstream society with

greater autonomy

Section

Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality1

What criteria would you establish for judging the effectiveness of an activist organization?

SYNTHESIZING

Assessment1

• UFWOC, MAPA, and La Raza Unida • AIM and the Indians of All Tribes• the leaders and activities of these organizations

THINK ABOUT

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Section

Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality1

Assessment1

How did the Native American movement of the 1960s differ in general from the civil rights struggle of African Americans and Latinos?

CONTRASTING

• Vine Deloria, Jr.’s statement• the Declaration of Indian Purpose• the goals of AIM• African Americans’ and Latinos’ desire for greater assimilation in mainstream society

THINK ABOUT

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Women Fight for Equality2

Learn About

the social and economic barriers that women faced in American society.

To Understand

the rise of a new and diverse women’s movement during the 1960s.

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Women Fight for Equality2 HOME

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Key Idea

A new feminist movement emerges during the 1960s, as women fight to improve their opportunities and status in society.

Women Fight for Equality2

Section Assessment2

What were some key events relating to the women’s movement?

SUMMARIZING

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1966National Organization for Women is formed.

1972Ms. is founded.Congress passes Equal Rights Amendment and bans sex discrimination in federally assisted educational programs and activities.

1973Supreme Court’s ruling in Roe v. Wade legalizes abortion.

1970Demonstration commemorates 50th anniversary of woman suffrage.

1963Betty Friedan publishes The Feminine Mystique.

Women Fight for Equality2

Section

What if the Equal Rights Amendment had been ratified? Speculate on how women’s lives might have been different.

HYPOTHESIZING

Assessment2

• rights addressed by the amendment• legal support that the amendment might have provided• possible reactions from groups opposing the amendment

THINK ABOUT

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Women Fight for Equality2

Section Assessment2

In 1976, Betty Friedan wrote, “We have lived the second American Revolution.” Do you think she is overstating the historical importance of the women’s movement by comparing it to the American Revolution?

FORMING AN OPINION

• the movement’s legacy• what you already know about the American Revolution and its outcome

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Culture and Counterculture3

Learn About

the ideals and lifestyle of the counterculture movement of the 1960s.

To Understand

its impact on young people in the 1960s and beyond.

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Culture and Counterculture3 HOME

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Key Idea

Groups of disillusioned youths shun the social activism of the times and choose instead to “drop out” of society and establish their own way of life.

Culture and Counterculture3

Section Assessment3

What were some examples of the counterculture’s beliefs, lifestyle, and impact on society?

SUMMARIZING

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Beliefs

• rejection of mainstream society’s materialism and technology• opposition to war• vision of a society filled with peace, love, and harmony

Lifestyle

• rock ´n´ roll music• outrageous clothing• drug use• communal living

Impact on Society

• pop art• men’s and women’s fashions, especially blue jeans• rock ´n´ roll• conservative backlash

The Counterculture

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Culture and Counterculture3

Draw parallels between the Woodstock rock concert in upstate New York and the Rolling Stones rock concert in California. What do you think were the key similarities and differences?

COMPARING AND CONTRASTING

Assessment33

• what each event came to symbolize• the prevailing atmosphere at each event

THINK ABOUT

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SECTION

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Culture and Counterculture3

Assessment3

A stereotype is a rigid generalization made about a group. What stereotype do you think hippies might have formed about mainstream Americans? What stereotype do you think mainstream Americans might have formed about hippies? Why?

GENERALIZING

• hippies’ values and lifestyle• mainstream Americans’ values and lifestyle• reasons for the decline of the counterculture

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Chapter 31 Assessment

1. Cite examples of groups that make up America’s Latino population.

2. What strategy did both Cesar Chavez and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., use to achieve their goals? How did Chavez successfully apply this tactic?

3. What was the focus of the Declaration of Indian Purpose, drafted in 1961? How did President Johnson respond to the declaration in 1965?

4. What were the demands of the American Indian Movement organizers who staged the “Trail of Broken Treaties” march on Washington in 1972?

5. Name three changes that members of the National Organization of Women (NOW) advocated.

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Chapter 31 Assessment

6. What was the Supreme Court’s decision in the Roe v. Wade case?

7. What three traditionally male-dominated professions did women enter in much greater numbers as a result of the women’s movement?

8. Briefly explain the role Timothy Leary played in the counterculture movement.

9. What urban areas became popular hangouts for the hippies during the 1960s?

10. What unintended impact did the counterculture have on many mainstream Americans?

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