An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth...
-
Upload
cora-fitzgerald -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
1
Transcript of An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth...
![Page 1: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
An Astrobiology Review
The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on EarthHonors 228-003with Prof. Geller
![Page 2: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What I’ll talk about
Some PhysicsOrigin of the UniverseSome Stars
and the elements they produceSome ChemistryOrigin of the Solar SystemPre-biotic origins of lifeSearch for LifeLife in Space
![Page 3: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Kirchoff’s Spectroscopic Laws
Kirchoff’s Spectral Laws Continuous Spectrum
any body (ideal blackbody) that is at a temperature above 0 K
Emission Spectrumany low pressure gas that you
place a high voltage across
Absorption Spectrumany low pressure gas placed
between a blackbody and the observer
![Page 4: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bohr’s Atom
Best described the workings of the Hydrogen atom one proton and one electron “around”
the proton moving in orbits that are discretized (quantized) so that no intermediate orbits are allowed
Absorption Emission
![Page 5: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Planck’s Radiation Curves
A way to depict frequency (inverse of wavelength) versus intensity
Frequency
Intensity
![Page 6: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Wien’s Law
Peak wavelength is inversely proportional to the temperature of the blackbody
Intensity
Frequency
Cooler Body
Hotter Body
Peak Wavelength
![Page 7: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Stefan-Boltzmann Law
Energy radiated by blackbody is proportional to the temperature to the 4th power
•E = T4
Energy vs. Temperature
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Temperature
Energ
y
![Page 8: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Newton’s Laws of Motion and Gravity
Newton’s First Law of Motion body at rest tends to stay at rest and
body in uniform motion will stay in straight line uniform motion unless acted upon by an outside force
Newton’s Second Law of Motion the acceleration of a body is
proportional to the force being applied
•F = m a
![Page 9: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Newton’s Laws of Motion and Gravity
Newton’s Third Law of Motion for every force there is an equal and
opposite force (action and reaction)Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction
force is proportional to masses and inversely proportional to the distance squared
–F = (G m M) / r2
![Page 10: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Doppler Shift and Hubble’s Law
A change in measured frequency caused by the motion of the observer or the source
The further away a galaxy is, the greater its recessional velocity
![Page 11: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Einstein, Relativity, Cosmology
Albert Einstein 1905 Special
RelativitySpeed of light –
maximum speed 1915 General
RelativityGravity and space
linked via the curvature of space
Cosmologies Open, closed flat Ever expanding
![Page 12: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Laws of Thermodynamics
1st Law of Thermodynamics the internal energy of an isolated
system is constant2nd Law of Thermodynamics
any change in a system is accompanied by an increase in the total entropy of the system
![Page 13: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law if temperature is constant, a given volume
of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure
Charles’ Law if pressure is constant, the volume of a
given gas is proportional to the temperatureAvogadro’s Law
if temperature is constant, the volume of a given gas is proportional to the number of gas molecules
![Page 14: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
© Periodic Table of the Elements
Los Alamos National Laboratories
![Page 15: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Generic Phase Diagram
![Page 16: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Molecules
Atoms get hitched ionic bonds
oppositely charged ions
covalent bondsatoms sharing electrons
Hydrogen bonds
![Page 17: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Evidence for Big Bang
Evidence for a “Big Bang” expansion of the universe
galaxies receding from us• everywhere the same
remnants of the energy from the “Big Bang”a very hot body that has cooled
• 2.7 K cosmic background radiation
the primordial abundance of chemical elements
How hot - the cosmic background radiation would be close to 3 K
![Page 18: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cosmologic Timescale
Era Epochs Main Event Time after bang
The Vacuum Era Planck EpochInflationary Epoch
QuantumfluctuationInflation
<10-43 sec.<10-10 sec.
The Radiation Era Electroweak EpochStrong EpochDecoupling
Formation ofleptons, bosons,hydrogen, heliumand deuterium
10-10 sec.10-4 sec.1 sec. - 1 month
The Matter Era Galaxy EpochStellar Epoch
Galaxy formationStellar birth
1-2 billion years2-15 billion years
The DegenerateDark Era
Dead Star EpochBlack Hole Epoch
Death of starsBlack holesengulf?
20-100 billion yrs.100 billion - ????
![Page 19: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Geologic Timescale
![Page 20: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Stellar Evolution determined by Mass
100100 0.10.10.40.41.01.04.04.010104040Mass (MMass (MSunSun = 1) = 1)
White dwarfsWhite dwarfs
NsNsBlack holesBlack holes
Main sequence starsMain sequence stars
Heavy nuclei fusionHeavy nuclei fusion
SupernovaeSupernovae Planetary nebulaePlanetary nebulae
C detonationC detonation
Helium flashHelium flash
Supergiants GiantsSupergiants Giants
![Page 21: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A Massive (~25 Msolar) Star
![Page 22: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Planetary Summary
PlanetMass
(Earth=1)Density(g/ cm3)
MajorConstituents
MercuryVenusEarthMars
0.060.821.000.11
5.45.25.53.9
Rock, IronRock, IronRock, IronRock, Iron
JupiterSaturn
31895
1.30.7
H, HeH, He
UranusNeptune
1417
1.31.7
Ices, H, HeIces, H, He
![Page 23: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Nebular Condensation Model
Most remnant heat from collapse retained near center
After sun ignites, remaining dust reaches an equilibrium temperature
Different densities of the planets are explained by condensation temperatures
Nebular dust temperature increases to center of nebula
![Page 24: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Nebular Condensation Chemistry
Molecule Freezing Point Distance fromCenter
H2 10 K >100 AUH2O 273 K >10 AUCH4 35 K >35 AUNH3 190 K >8 AU
FeSO4 700 K >1 AUSiO4 1000 K >0.5 AU
![Page 25: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Nebular Condensation Summary
Solid Particles collide, stick together, sink toward center Terrestrials -> rocky Jovians -> rocky core + ices + light gases
Coolest, most massive collect H and HeMore collisions -> heating and
differentiating of interiorRemnants flushed by solar windEvolution of atmospheres
![Page 26: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Minerals
Minerals natural substances that have definite crystal
structure and chemical compositiongalena, zircon, quartz, sulfur, turquoise, gypsum
how to distinguishstreak test, acid test, hardness test
• streak test uses unglazed tile, yielding colored streak• acid test using hydrochloric acid, yielding gasses• hardness, from 1 (talc) to 10 diamond
![Page 27: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock material called magma, cools and solidifies large crystals, slowly cooled
granite, quartz
small crystals, rapidly cooledpumice, basalt, obsidian
![Page 28: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sediments that have been compressed under water for long periods of time gravel and pebbles -> conglomerate sand -> sandstone mud and clay -> shale organic sediments + others -> limestone
![Page 29: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic rocks are formed at depths under earth’s surface in regions of great heat and pressure limestone -> marble shale -> slate sandstone -> quartzite bituminous coal -> anthracite granite -> gneiss
![Page 30: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
From Earthto Moon
![Page 31: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Secondary Atmospheres
![Page 32: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Oxygen by Life
![Page 33: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Terrestrial Planet Interiors
![Page 34: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Planets, Atmospheres and Escape Velocities
![Page 35: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics
![Page 36: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Earth’s Interior andHow We Know
![Page 37: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Crustal Rumblings
![Page 38: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The Origins of Life
What is life? already discussed with Taylor
Was life transported to Earth from elsewhere? panspermia
What clues do we have about the first lifeforms?
Prebiotic Earth conditions.
![Page 39: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Panspermia?
![Page 40: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The Chemistry of Life
Thermodynamic considerations.Energy sources.
Solar Chemical
Observational clues about pre-biotic Earth matter from asteroids and comets
Atmosphere and lithosphere sourcesChemical stability
![Page 41: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
What preceded nucleic acids?
Inorganic polymers simpler, more accessible
Examples of inorganic polymers clays and non-clay minerals
Clays might have a role in life evolving Clays are linked with covalent bonds
composed of cationic and anionic polymers metallic cations pickup hydrogen in water e.g. brucite (magnesium type polymer) and
gibbsite (aluminum type polymer) Clays and combinations of clays might have
evolved into living system prior to nucleic acid lifeforms
![Page 42: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
A Clay - Kaolinite
![Page 43: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Other Minerals’ effects on the Evolution of Life
Pyrite (iron sulfide) has been known to act as a surface for reactions
Calcite has been shown to preferentially bond left and right organic molecules
Clays may act as “catalysts” by holding molecules in place and allow time for chemical bonding of more complex molecules
![Page 44: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
A MolecularScenario
Microspheres
![Page 45: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Chemical Evolution Review
![Page 46: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Looking for Life on Mars (the only experiments launched that were designed specifically to look for life)
The biology laboratory aboard Viking approximately a single cubic foot of
volume three experiments for searching for life:
pyrolytic release experimentlabeled release experimentgas exchange experiment
![Page 47: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Explaining Biology Away
Theories dealing with superoxides, peroxides and superperoxides to explain apparent positive results away the results
Only hold-out for the possibility that the biology experiments still might indicate the existence of life on Mars was Gilbert Levin [only science team member that still maintains belief that evidence of life was found]
![Page 48: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Meteorites from Mars (with fossils of life?)
ALH84001 possible
evidence of fossil microbes from Mars
![Page 49: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
How Far Can We Communicate?
![Page 50: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Past Searches
![Page 52: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Humans in Space
Gerard K O’Neil Space colony
cylinders
![Page 53: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
What happens after stars die?
The Degenerate Era “Dead stellar remnants capture dark
matter, collide with each other, scatter into space, and finally decay into nothingness.”
Brown dwarfs, white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes
Galaxies in collision, galaxies in relaxation, degenerate stellar collisions, annihilation of dark matter
Proton decay and the growth of black holes
![Page 54: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Do black holes inherit the wind?
The Black Hole Era “Black holes inherit the universe, warp
space and time, evaporate their mass energy, and make an explosive exit.”
Black holes, gravitational radiation Hawking radiation and the decay of
black holes Can life exist in black hole era?
![Page 55: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
When black holes evaporate?
The Dark Era “The nearly moribund universe
struggles with cosmological heat death and faces the possibility of universally transforming phase transitions.”
Radiation, heat death Annihilation and tunneling Phase transitions and re-birth?
![Page 56: An Astrobiology Review The Physics and Chemistry of the Origins of Life in the Cosmos and on Earth Honors 228-003 with Prof. Geller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649e715503460f94b6ed83/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Astrobiology in a Nutshell
Mnemonic – ODDS Origin Development Distribution Search
A universe of, for and by life
HAVE A GREAT SUMMER