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An Assessment on Community Justice

System in the Four Undocumented

Myanmar Nationals (UMNs)

settlements in Cox’s Bazar

Final Report

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Acronyms

BMC Block Management Committee

BSEHR Bangladesh Society for the Enforcement of Human Rights

BRAC Building Resources Across Communities

BGB Border Guard of Bangladesh

CMC Community Management Committee

CODEC Community Development Centre

FGD Focus Group Discussion

GBV Gender based Violence

HR Human Rights

IOM International Organization for Migration

RRRC Relief and Rohingya Refugee Repatriation Commissioner

SGBC Sexual & Gender base Violence

UMNs Undocumented Myanmar Nationals

UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UPz Upazila

UP Union Parishad

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Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4

2.1 Background of the Assessment ..................................................................................................... 5

2.2 The Objective of the Project ......................................................................................................... 5

2.3 Intervention Areas and Population ............................................................................................... 5

2.4 Objectives of the Assessment ....................................................................................................... 6

2.5 Organization of the Study ............................................................................................................. 6

2.7 Limitation of the Assessment........................................................................................................ 6

3. Methodology and Sampling of the Assessment ................................................................................. 6

3.1 Data Sources ................................................................................................................................. 6

3.1.1 Primary Data Sources ............................................................................................................. 6

3.1.2 Secondary sources ................................................................................................................. 7

3.2 Data collection methods and Sample Size .................................................................................... 7

3.2.1 Household Interview .............................................................................................................. 7

3.2.2 One to one interview/ Key Informant Interview (KII) ............................................................ 7

3.2.3 Focus Group Discussion ......................................................................................................... 8

3.3 Ethical standards and sensitivity issues ........................................................................................ 8

4. STUDY IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS ................................................................................................... 8

4.1 Forming Team ............................................................................................................................... 8

4.2 Developing Instrument/Questionnaire ......................................................................................... 9

4.3 Selection and Orientation of Data Collectors ............................................................................... 9

4.4 Survey Implementation and Supervision ...................................................................................... 9

4.5. Developing Data Entry Frame and Data Entry ............................................................................. 9

5. Findings of the Assessment ................................................................................................................. 9

5.1 Literature Review .......................................................................................................................... 9

5.2 Household Interview and Focus Group Discussion ..................................................................... 10

5.3 Stakeholder Interview ................................................................................................................. 12

6. Conclusion of the Assessment .......................................................................................................... 13

7. Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 13

Annexure ............................................................................................................................................... 15

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The political unrest and religious beliefs, the Muslim Rohingya community was denied to be

considered as citizens of Myanmar and thus became stateless. A large number of Rohingya came to

Bangladesh and started living mainly in the Coxe’s Bazar area. They are resided in the makeshift

settlements in Ukhiya a Teknaf Upazila of Cox's Bazar but used to deprive of getting minimum facility

of living in the settlements and continue a measurable life. Women and adolescent girls are at the

brink fire, targeting to be abused or trafficked to elsewhere even by their nearest and dearest ones.

The service providers, associated with this migrant issues apparently reluctant to provide necessary

service and support to the survivors living in the makeshift communities. This may be lack of skilled

and material resources, over population, inapt on dealing such cases, lack of commit and

accountability, corruption and bribery, and many other evolving issues. Conflict between register

and non-register settlers makes the situation volatile.

Majhees or community leaders are the first

respondent of survivors. Often they involve

in mediation process, do not cooperate, try

to exploit and take benefit from the

survivors. The survivors are poor, helpless,

illiterate and unaware about their rights

and responsibilities. Awareness sessions,

life-skill trainings and livelihood options

may empower them and help them to

survive in better way. Besides, mass

awareness in the settlement area and

mobilization of the community members

may united them and can reduce the relation gaps between each other.

93% females experienced violence in physical , mental, sexual and economical 97% females do not know about the present Laws and Rules GBV) 99% Rohingyas used to chose alternative routes to avert the eyes of border guard and local

police force while coming to Bangladesh

88% female in the makeshift settlements are discriminated in basic rights.

88% women settlers do not have access to local police stations

Key community actors and institutions handling GBV cases through alternative dispute resolution

Volunteer Orientation for Survey at Moulovi Bazar, Nhila, Teknaf. Photo Credited by: Mojammel Haque, BSEHR.

Training to the community leaders (both Traditional and Selected) is imperative Life-skill training and awareness sessions help to survive for women and adolescent

girls in the makeshift settlements Increase awareness and community mobilization within and outside of the

settlements Enhance access to information on local resources and administration Create and foster women welfare and adolescent clubs Strengthen local mediation system and village court Mobilize government Social Safety Net Program Establish one stop crisis management center

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As part of community mobilization, set-up of youth and adolescent club may create a safety net for

the vulnerable women and adolescent girls. Functional mediation system in the community and

village court may provide legal support to the aid seekers. The local government officials, local

masque and other leaders have big role to protect the rights of the displaced Myanmar nationals.

Government Safety net program may ensure food security of the ultra poor in the settlements

2. Introduction

2.1 Background of the Assessment

Rohingya issues are one of a transnational undocumented migration issue in the South-East part of

Asia. Cox's Bazar is the getaway of passing those migrants. Besides, huge number of those migrants

living in the hilly areas of Ukhyia, Teknaf

and other parts of Cox's Bazar district. This

flux of Undocumented Myanmar Nationals

(UMNs) intensifies since early 1990s. It is

estimated that between 200,000 and

300,000 UMNs are living now in

Bangladesh either in settlements or within

local host communities in Ukhyia and

Teknaf upazila. Besides, approximately

additional 75,555 UMNs live in Kutupalong

makeshift settlement (under Ukhia

upaliza), 14,979 in Leda makeshift

settlement (under Teknaf upazila), 16,649

in Balukahli settlement (under Ukhia upaliza) and 8,755 in Shamlapur settlement (under Teknaf

upazila).

International Organization for Migration (IOM), a coordinating agency by government has recently

initiated a project to address gender based violence (GBV) issues among those Myanmar nationals,

living in the makeshift settlements in Cox's Bazar and the members of the host communities around

them. A series of activities aiming at preventing, mitigating and responding to GBV have been

launched. As part of these activities IOM is planning to conduct community justice system

assessment to have better understanding to address GBV and other related issues in the intervening

areas through existing community justice system.

2.2 The Objective of the Project

The overall objectives of IOM’s GBV project are to prevent, mitigate and respond to GBV occurring in

UMNs communities in the settlements and host villages in Ukhiya and Teknaf sub-districts.

2.3 Intervention Areas and Population

Kutupalong Makeshift Settlement (75,555 nos.), Ukhyia Upazila

Balukhali Makeshift Settlement (16,649 nos.), Ukhyia Upazila

Leda Makeshift Settlement (14,979 nos.), Teknaf Upazila

Shamlapur Makeshift Settlement (8,755 nos.), Teknaf Upazila

Volunteer Orientation for Survey at Moulovi Bazar, Nhila, Teknaf. Photo Credited by: Mojammel Haque, BSEHR.

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2.4 Objectives of the Assessment

To conduct community justice system assessment to have better understanding of how to address

gender based violence (GBV) and other related issues through existing community justice system.

2.5 Organization of the Study

The community justice system assessment was implemented by International Organization for

Migration (IOM) through Bangladesh Society for the Enforcement of Human Rights (BSEHR). A group

of skilled and trained enumerators engaged data collection, worked under close supervision of team

leader of the assessment.

2.7 Limitation of the Assessment

The enumerators of the assessment team faced huge barrier to get real facts from the respondents.

The beneficiaries were poor and illiterate

and not capable to elaborate or even recall

their past situation in detail. The

interviewers had to pay extra attention and

facilitated the respondents to get the real

information from them.

The stakeholders in the community seemed

biased about their learning and practices

with the makeshift settlements. Most of

them articulated their learning in a same

manner. They showed their enthusiasm and

empathy for the wellbeing of the displaced

vulnerable Myanmar nationals. The enumerators paid extra time and effort to gather real picture

from the respondents.

3. Methodology and Sampling of the Assessment

Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were followed for this assignment intervention. Data

were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The methodology and relevant tools were

formulated in consultation within the assessment team and used those to gather pertinent

information from the settlement areas.

3.1 Data Sources

3.1.1 Primary Data Sources

The primary data was collected from all relevant stakeholders and the beneficiaries are as follows:

Women members of UMN living in makeshift settlements in Cox's Bazar district.

The stakeholders like police officers, local government officials, local government officials,

journalist, NGO activists, political leaders, etc. those who are directly and indirect associated

with the undocumented Myanmar nationals.

Survey with general respondent at Kutupalong, Ukiya Photo Credited by: Md. Sirajul Islam, BSEHR.

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3.1.2 Secondary sources

Project concept note, references, different reports and newspaper clippings.

3.2 Data collection methods and Sample Size

3.2.1 Household Interview

Standard structured interview questionnaires were used to gather individual’s information which

formulates a consultative process. A group of 20-member trained enumerators were engaged to

take interviews. Field supervisors (core team

members) also engage to supervised the

enumerators and ensure data quality of the

assessment. During the assessment period a

total of 1000 respondents, randomly

selected and interviewed to gather

quantitative and qualitative information.

Ethical and gender issues were strictly

maintained while taking interview.

Sample Size: The respondents in the

makeshift settlement in Cox's Bazar have the

homogeneity in socio-economic and cultural

context. Consequently, huge sample size

was not required. The assessment team selected 1000 numbers of respondents through simple

random process from the four makeshift settlements where total population were 115938 (75,555 in

Kutupalong, 14,979 in Leda, 16,649 in Balukahli and 8,755 in Shamlapur)

The sample size of the study has been calculated using the following formula: Sample size (n) = pqz2/ α 2 P = population estimated (.11) Proportion of the targeted population e.g. 11% q = (1-p) = .89 z= Standard normal value with 95% confidence (1.96) z=refers to the level of confidence, namely that our estimates are correct in 95 percent cases, and that the risk of the estimates being incorrect are 1 percent probability, the value is 1.96. α =admissible level of error or precision (.02) α = denotes the maximum deviation from true proportions that can be located in the study

3.2.2 One to one Interview/ Key Informant Interview (KII)

A team comprised with four members was engaged to gather One to one interview from the field.

During the assessment period, information was gathered through an open ended questionnaire by

the four core team members. Gender and other ethical issues were maintained strictly while

conducting interviews.

Survey with general respondent at Kutupalong, Ukiya Photo Credited by: Md. Sirajul Islam, BSEHR.

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Sample Size: A total of 23 stakeholders were purposively selected for qualitative in-depth interview.

The respondents include Police Officer (2) UP chairman (3 no.), Women UP member (3 no.), UP

Member (2 no), UNO (2 no.), Border Guard Officer (2 no.), Upazila Chairman (2 no.), Journalist (2

no.), Political leader (2 no.) and NGO representative (3 no.).

3.2.3 Focus Group Discussion

A four-member (core) team divided in two groups and conducted the focus group discussion (FGD)

sessions. In-depth qualitative information

on gender based violence issues were

revealed through this consultative

process. The discussions were interactive

and participatory in nature. An open

ended questionnaire was used as guiding

tool for the discussion session. Ethical,

child protection and gender issues were

keenly addressed in those sessions.

Sample Size: A total of 29 focus group

discussions (FGDs) in four settlement

areas were organized. The focus groups

were in four categories, women group (16

no.), men group (6 no.), adolescent group

(4 no.) and mixed group (3 no.). In average 10-12 participants were participated in each session.

3.3 Ethical standards and sensitivity issues

Ethical standards specially administering interviews of the females was a sensitive matter in some of

the areas. In those cases, female data collectors were assigned to conduct interviews of the female

respondents. Moreover, confidentiality were maintained in all the stages. Child protection issues

were also considered while dealing with adolescent in the makeshift areas, following UN CRC

principles.

4. STUDY IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

4.1 Forming Team

The assessment team comprised with four core team members and 20 field level skilled data

collectors. The core team members hired local level enumerators and orient them to gather the

assessment information. IOM representative were present in the orientation session. Mostafa Sohel,

Executive Director of BSEHR was the team leader. Faysal Ahmed coordinated the session. BSEHR

research team was utterly involved to prepare the survey result and report in a coordinated way.

Focus Group Discussion with Adolescent Girl at Shamlapur Settlement, Teknaf.

Photo Credited by: Md. Sirajul Islam, BSEHR.

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4.2 Developing Instrument/Questionnaire

The core assessment team developed household survey questionnaire, guidelines instruments for

holding FGD and capturing One to one interview/information from key informants through a

consultative process. While framing the questionnaires and other guiding tools, the following

questions were taken into consideration:

Does the questionnaire cover the objectives of the study adequately and comprehensively?

Is the questionnaire valid and reliable to understand the aforesaid issues?

Appropriateness of open-ended and close-ended questions?

Does the questionnaires are enough to capture pertinent information of stated objective?

Ease-of-use of physical layout of questionnaire?

4.3 Selection and Orientation of Data Collectors

In order to get a good result in data collection, the experienced data collectors were hired from the

respective areas. The team members hired

the persons in consultation with the local

stakeholders. After hiring the data

collectors, they were oriented which

covered:

the art of interviewing;

techniques of building rapport with

the respondents;

proper filling in the questionnaire;

recording the responses fairly

mentioning the date, time and

address of the respondents;

gender and child protection and

other ethical issues; etc.

4.4 Survey Implementation and Supervision

The core team members were directly involved to supervise the data collectors in the fields and

quality control of data. They visited and stay in the survey areas to ensure the quality of work.

4.5. Developing Data Entry Frame and Data Entry

With completing data collection, the team members developed data entry frame in consultation with lead researchers of BSEHR. The raw data were entered, clean and analyzes.

5. Findings of the Assessment

5.1 Literature Review

Due to political unrest and religious beliefs, the Muslim Rohingya community was denied to be

considered as citizens of Myanmar and thus become stateless. Subsequently a large number of

Rohingya came to Bangladesh and started living mainly in the Coxs’ Bazar area.

One to One Discussion with Political Leader at Ukiya Photo Credited by: Md. Sirajul Islam, BSEHR.

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They are living in the makeshift settlements in Ukhiya a Teknaf Upazila of Cox's Bazar but deprived

from getting minimum facility of living in the settlements. Due to huge population and unawareness,

conflicting situations are often observed.

Besides, the registered Rohingya

communities are not welcoming to the

non-registered ones and consequently

the non-registered refugees often

become victims of violence caused by

them.

Among the settlers, women and

adolescent girls are the most vulnerable.

They are being experience gender based

violence inside and outside of the

settlement areas. Rape, sexual

harassment, force in to sex work,

trafficking, polygamy, divorce, dowry demand, etc. are the common phenomenon in the makeshift

settlement areas. The young men and adolescent boys are being victim of arm and drug conflict. As

a result a volatile situation is persist round the year. The major reasons of the violence in the camps

are poverty, lack of education and awareness, extra marital relationship, lack of legal aid and justice,

etc. Due to unwillingness, corruption and lack of accountability of the community leaders, Majhi,

BMC, CMC, Thana, Union Parishad the situation become volatile.

The existing legal and community justice system often go under question. Influencing of middlemen,

biasness, lack of accountability, corruption, etc. made the local justice system fragile.

5.2 Household Interview and Focus Group Discussion

UMN women in the makeshift settlement face serious protection issues in Bangladesh, and

undocumented refugee women and girls are particularly vulnerable in sexual and physical attacks.

Many women-headed households are forced to engage in begging and sex work to survive in both

inside and outside of the settlements. UMN children and young girls in the makeshift settlements

are also often abuse and sometimes traffic for domestic work. UMNs women in the makeshift

settlement are often reluctant to report sexual violence due to lack of access to the police or justice

system.

93% females experienced violence in physical, mental, sexual and economical 97% females do not know about the present Laws and Rules GBV

Focus Group Discussion with Adolescent Girls at Kutupalong Settlement, Teknaf.

Photo Credited by: Md. Sirajul Islam, BSEHR.

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It is estimated from the household survey that 93% female respondents said that they faced violence

in the settlement. Of them 65% respondents said that the violence committed by the influential or

community leader like as Block Leader, Block Majhi, Block Chairman and sometimes drug addicted

people, 35% respondents said that violence

committed by the outsider. The types of violence includes physical (24%), Economical (47%), mental

(21%) and sexual harassment (8%).

The current family-based food distribution ration cards are usually in the name and control of the

male head of household, making difficult for women to separate from abusive husbands without

losing their allocated food.

99% Rohingya avert border guard and local police force while coming to Bangladesh Rohingya is a centuries old minority Muslim population of Myanmar. They became "stateless" for

the last several decades as Myanmar's 1982 Citizenship Act

undid the status of legally granted citizenship in 1948. Such

a condition and subsequent attacked and tortured by the

military, thousands of Rohingyas from the Rakhine state

flee to neighboring Bangladesh. The survey estimated that

87% refugees came through water surface and 14%

through land surface. Out of 14%, only 1% used road

communication and 13% used alternative arrangement,

apparently to avert Bangladeshi law enforcement agencies.

Only 26% said that they have relatives in Bangladesh. The categories of relatives like uncle, sister,

brother, parents, neighbor, son, Husband and maternal Uncle.

88% female in the makeshift settlements are discriminated with basic rights. A total of 88% of the female respondents said that they faced discrimination with male partners,

block leaders, block majhis, block members, block chairpersons and those who are associated and

getting special advantage in the respective settlements. The types of discriminations includes having

food, safe shelter, medical treatment, sanitation facility, recreation facilities and getting justice, etc.

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According to the respondents different national and international organizations like IOM, BRAC, ACF,

Majhee, CBO like Block Committee, Mosque committee, etc. have been working to resolve gender

based violence and discrimination. They are enthusiastic to address the refugee issue, used to listen

their problems carefully and keenly and try to solve their evolving problems. But they often take

longer time to address any incident and have no follow-up mechanism.

88% do not have access to local police stations

To resolve the incidents of violence the UMN in makeshift settlements used to try to contact with

different organizations (such as local and international NGOs) and people like Block leaders,

members of Mosque committee, Camp Management Committee (CMC), UP Chairman and

members.

An estimated of 88 % respondents said that the members of UMN settlements doesn’t have easy

access to police station to file their complaints against violence. The rest of 12% respondents take

help from the middle men like block majhi/chairman, UP Member/Chairman or Local Leaders. But

often they have to pay bribe, amount varies BDT 2,000-5,000 or so.

Key community actors and institutions handling SGBV cases Only 7% respondents said, violence happened in the UMN settlements are resolve or settled by

mediation where the outsiders like local

UP members and chairman, local

community leaders, land lords, etc are

participated. But 93% respondents said

that, Block Majhi, Block member, Block

chairman, Community leader, mosque

committee members, etc. are usually

present in most of mediation cases.

5.3 Stakeholder Interview

A total of 23 stakeholders were

interviewed. They were Police Officer (2)

UP chairman (3 no.), Women UP member (3 no.), UP Member (2 no), UNO (2 no.), Border Guard

Officer (2 no.), Upazila Chairman (2 no.), Journalist (2 no.), Political leader (2 no.) and NGO

representative (3 no.).

According to the respondents the refugees living in the makeshift settlements are involved in various

illegal activities like drug paddling, human trafficking, rape, etc. As a result women and adolescent

girls are often victim of such offences. Then the used to look for police station, Majhee, camp leader,

block leader, Union Parishad or BGB camp as appropriate for getting justice, 14 respondents (out of

22) believe. Other respondents believe that community leaders used to take money for mediation.

Focus Group Discussion with UMNs Women Photo Credited by: Md. Sirajul Islam, BSEHR.

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6. Conclusion of the Assessment

The plight for the Rohingya in the makeshift settlement areas are overcrowded, shortages of food

leading to widespread malnourishment among the women and children, a lack of clean water and

sanitation resulting in disease, and restrictions on movement coupled with extortion, gender based

violence and other human rights abuses. The members of the settlements are unaware about their

rights and responsibilities as well. The situation became aggravate when internal conflict, i.e. clash

among settlers happened. The local administration and other volunteer organization apparently

inactive due to gravity of problems, scarce of skilled and material resources and lack of

accountability and transparency.

7. Recommendations

The assessment core team has summed up the recommendations considering the household

interviews, focus group discussions and

stakeholder interviews.The summary of the

recommendations are as below:

Training for the community leaders (both Traditional and Selected) is imperative The survivors specially the women at first go

to the Majhee or community leaders for

mediation or justice for the violence. But

most of the time they do not get legal justice

or proper behavior from them. All time they

are not cooperative to the survivors

especially to the female members. Also, they are not educated or familiar to the laws or human

rights. For this reason they cannot provide the right decision all the time. Beside this, some of them

are corrupted and take bribe from the survivors.

Training and awareness session help to survive for the female members of the community UMN women in the makeshift settlement are extreme poor, uneducated and vulnerable. They do

not have knowledge of human rights and migration-rights, no understanding about their roles and

responsibilities as migrant, lack of capacity for communication and livelihood for survive. So, it is

imperative to provide them life-skill and livelihood training, awareness session and information of

service providing organizations. If so, they will become empower and will survive in better way.

Awareness programs for the registered and non-registered refugees: A total of 85% respondents said that, most of the violence have been taken place in the settlements,

committed by the registered Myanmar Nationals over the non-registered ones. Awareness programs

and empathy building sessions can be reduced the relation gaps between registered and non-

Survey with general respondent Photo Credited by: Md. Sirajul Islam, BSEHR.

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registered migrants and mitigate the intensity of volatile situation within and out-side of the

makeshift settlement.

Access to information of local resources and administration The leaders in the community are the first entity for the members of UMN in the makeshift

settlements to seek help and justice. The UP members and chairmen are the second tier vanguard

for them. Most of them have limited access to the services providers. Secondly, the local

representatives are not aware about their roles and responsibilities to the vulnerable migrants.

These barriers of providing supports and services to the migrants in the makeshift settlements may

overcome through mass awareness community mobilization. Besides, police camp is suggested to be

set-up near each settlement area.

Create Women and Adolescent Clubs The female members and the adolescents children can form community clubs in their settlement

areas after receiving training. They can protect their rights themselves and can play as vanguards in

the community. They can also continue awareness raising activities sessions with other members of

settlements.

Strengthen local mediation and village court The community members in the settlements used to go to Majhee or block leaders to mitigate their

conflict. If the village court or mediation process is establish in the respective Union Parishad, the

local justice system can be ensured more in a systematic manner. Besides, formal specialized

training to the local government officials and local mosque committee members is necessary so that

they can handle such transnational survivors.

Intensify Social safety net program The makeshift settlement areas can be covered under government social safety-net program in order to mitigate extreme poverty of the undocumented migrants.

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Annexure

Sample of Questioners

Annex 1

Questions for the FGD: 1. A) Area:

Name of the camp Village Union/ Ward Upzila/ Thana District

B) How many people participated in the FGD: ………………….. C) No of Male: ……………….. No of Female:…………………… 2. What do you mean by violence? 3. What types of violence have you experienced after coming to Bangladesh?

Types Yes, always (no of people)

Never (no of people)

Sexual Harassment

Violence caused by the local influential people

Husband/ Wife disputes

In camp or Out camp threats

Fighting with the neighbors in the camp

Theft, robbery, hijack, murder, drugs in the camp

Pushing/ slapping/ kicking etc

Hit with something/ threats using knife or other things

Injure with sharp weapon

Burn with fire or any other combustibles

Insult

Take away income by force

Using abusive language

Violence caused by the Bangladeshis

Others

4. What are the causes for occurring the violence? 5. If the above mentioned incident ever happens in your community, how do you mitigate them? 6. If the violence occurs outside of the family, how are they been mitigated? 7. Does any judge or arbiter present at any mediation if any violence occurs? 8. Is there any violence/ dispute happen between the new and the old refugees? 9. Is there any gender based discrimination in getting facilities? 10. Is the culture of dowry prevails in the camp? 11. What type of legal procedure are there in the camp to address the incidents of dowry, early marriage, polygamy, divorce etc? 12. Who are the victims in most of the time? (a) Women (b) Man (c) Children (d) Don’t know 13. Who participate in the mediation for the above mentioned incidents?

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14. Can you contact with different government/ nongovernment offices in Bangladesh? (a) Yes (b)No 15. What can be done for getting proper justice for any violence occurred in the camp? (Give three recommendations)

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Annex 2

Questions for the One to one interview: A. Introduction: Name of the respondent: Designation: Thana: District: 1. In which year the Rohingya camp near to you has been established? 2. Approximately how many refugees are living in this camp? 3. What types of violence the refugees face in the camp?

a) Physical (b) Mental (c) Financial (d) Sexual (e) others *please mention+………. 4. What types of gender based violence the female refugees face in the camp?

(a) Physical (b) Mental (c) Financial (d) Sexual (e) others *please mention+………. 5. Where do the women victims go to seek justice?

(a) Thana (b) Court (c) Union Parishad (d) Local Village leaders ( e) BDR camp (f) Army Camp (g) leader of the camp (h) UP members (i) Others …………

6. Do you think that they get adequate cooperation to get justice from those institutions? (a) Yes (b) No

7. Do the camp leaders take money from the victims for mediation? (a) Yes (b) No

8. Is there any opportunity to easy access for the women victims into the Union Parishad/ other service providing agencies? (a) Yes (b) No

9. What are your recommendations to take more steps to help the women victims?