An ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Tourism Services

An ASEAN Mutual An ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Recognition Arrangement for

Tourism ServicesTourism Services

An ASEAN Mutual An ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Recognition Arrangement for

Tourism ServicesTourism Services

Professor Chris CooperProfessor Chris CooperBangkokBangkok

December 2006December 2006

Professor Chris CooperProfessor Chris CooperBangkokBangkok

December 2006December 2006

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation

BackgroundBackgroundMutual Recognition Mutual Recognition

ArrangementsArrangementsPolicy backgroundPolicy backgroundAn MRA for Tourism ServicesAn MRA for Tourism ServicesKey Concepts of the MRAKey Concepts of the MRAWhat we need to doWhat we need to do

BackgroundBackgroundMutual Recognition Mutual Recognition

ArrangementsArrangementsPolicy backgroundPolicy backgroundAn MRA for Tourism ServicesAn MRA for Tourism ServicesKey Concepts of the MRAKey Concepts of the MRAWhat we need to doWhat we need to do

ASEAN BackgroundASEAN BackgroundASEAN BackgroundASEAN Background

Rapid economic growth driving Rapid economic growth driving tourism demandtourism demand

Demand for more skilled manpowerDemand for more skilled manpower Imperative for tourism Imperative for tourism

competitivenesscompetitivenessMRAs facilitate and accelerate MRAs facilitate and accelerate

product and labour mobilityproduct and labour mobility

Rapid economic growth driving Rapid economic growth driving tourism demandtourism demand

Demand for more skilled manpowerDemand for more skilled manpower Imperative for tourism Imperative for tourism

competitivenesscompetitivenessMRAs facilitate and accelerate MRAs facilitate and accelerate

product and labour mobilityproduct and labour mobility

There are many barriers which affect the free There are many barriers which affect the free and easy flow of human resources and and easy flow of human resources and

servicesservices

There are so many different requirements to There are so many different requirements to observe when assessing observe when assessing conformityconformity in in

countries all over the worldcountries all over the world

There are many barriers which affect the free There are many barriers which affect the free and easy flow of human resources and and easy flow of human resources and

servicesservices

There are so many different requirements to There are so many different requirements to observe when assessing observe when assessing conformityconformity in in

countries all over the worldcountries all over the world

Accreditation and conformance assessment Accreditation and conformance assessment bodies have responded by seeking to develop bodies have responded by seeking to develop

mutual recognition arrangementsmutual recognition arrangements

Their aim is to reduce the difficulties imposed Their aim is to reduce the difficulties imposed by the various requirementsby the various requirements

Accreditation and conformance assessment Accreditation and conformance assessment bodies have responded by seeking to develop bodies have responded by seeking to develop

mutual recognition arrangementsmutual recognition arrangements

Their aim is to reduce the difficulties imposed Their aim is to reduce the difficulties imposed by the various requirementsby the various requirements

The Basics of MRAsThe Basics of MRAsThe Basics of MRAsThe Basics of MRAs

MRAsMRAsMRAsMRAs

Mutual Recognition Arrangements are Mutual Recognition Arrangements are arrangements between two or more arrangements between two or more parties to mutually recognise or accept parties to mutually recognise or accept some or all aspects of one another’s some or all aspects of one another’s conformity assessment results (in our conformity assessment results (in our case tourism certificates and case tourism certificates and qualifications). qualifications).

Mutual Recognition Arrangements are Mutual Recognition Arrangements are arrangements between two or more arrangements between two or more parties to mutually recognise or accept parties to mutually recognise or accept some or all aspects of one another’s some or all aspects of one another’s conformity assessment results (in our conformity assessment results (in our case tourism certificates and case tourism certificates and qualifications). qualifications).

MRAsMRAsMRAsMRAs

The purpose of an MRA is to facilitate tradeThe purpose of an MRA is to facilitate trade Each country has its own regulations and Each country has its own regulations and

administrative proceduresadministrative procedures AN MRA is a mechanism by which regulations, AN MRA is a mechanism by which regulations,

standards and procedures can be conformedstandards and procedures can be conformed Initially bi-lateral, then mature to multi-lateral (e.g. Initially bi-lateral, then mature to multi-lateral (e.g.

EU, ASEAN)EU, ASEAN) In order to facilitate international trade, an MRA In order to facilitate international trade, an MRA

sets out an agreement by which countries can sets out an agreement by which countries can mutually recognise each other’s conformity mutually recognise each other’s conformity assessments. assessments.

Each MRA tends to be sector specific.Each MRA tends to be sector specific.

The purpose of an MRA is to facilitate tradeThe purpose of an MRA is to facilitate trade Each country has its own regulations and Each country has its own regulations and

administrative proceduresadministrative procedures AN MRA is a mechanism by which regulations, AN MRA is a mechanism by which regulations,

standards and procedures can be conformedstandards and procedures can be conformed Initially bi-lateral, then mature to multi-lateral (e.g. Initially bi-lateral, then mature to multi-lateral (e.g.

EU, ASEAN)EU, ASEAN) In order to facilitate international trade, an MRA In order to facilitate international trade, an MRA

sets out an agreement by which countries can sets out an agreement by which countries can mutually recognise each other’s conformity mutually recognise each other’s conformity assessments. assessments.

Each MRA tends to be sector specific.Each MRA tends to be sector specific.

MRAsMRAs

We should understand that MRAs:We should understand that MRAs:

Do not guarantee a visa or a jobDo not guarantee a visa or a job Involve trust and opennessInvolve trust and openness Require uniform terminologyRequire uniform terminology Are based upon credible specifications and Are based upon credible specifications and

conformanceconformance Provide useful steps towards building Provide useful steps towards building

confidence for cooperation in the futureconfidence for cooperation in the future

We should understand that MRAs:We should understand that MRAs:

Do not guarantee a visa or a jobDo not guarantee a visa or a job Involve trust and opennessInvolve trust and openness Require uniform terminologyRequire uniform terminology Are based upon credible specifications and Are based upon credible specifications and

conformanceconformance Provide useful steps towards building Provide useful steps towards building

confidence for cooperation in the futureconfidence for cooperation in the future

MRAsMRAs

We should also understand that MRAs:We should also understand that MRAs:

Have participants who abide to a commitment to Have participants who abide to a commitment to recognize each others’ conformity assessment recognize each others’ conformity assessment proceduresprocedures

Should be demand driven, not labor supply Should be demand driven, not labor supply drivendriven

Should facilitate movement to demand- driven Should facilitate movement to demand- driven CBT training and certificationCBT training and certification

Should facilitate equity of access to labor Should facilitate equity of access to labor marketsmarkets

We should also understand that MRAs:We should also understand that MRAs:

Have participants who abide to a commitment to Have participants who abide to a commitment to recognize each others’ conformity assessment recognize each others’ conformity assessment proceduresprocedures

Should be demand driven, not labor supply Should be demand driven, not labor supply drivendriven

Should facilitate movement to demand- driven Should facilitate movement to demand- driven CBT training and certificationCBT training and certification

Should facilitate equity of access to labor Should facilitate equity of access to labor marketsmarkets

Obligations of MRA PartnersObligations of MRA PartnersObligations of MRA PartnersObligations of MRA Partners

MRA partners are obliged to accept MRA partners are obliged to accept one another’s conformity one another’s conformity assessment as meeting its own assessment as meeting its own regulatory requirementregulatory requirement

Products for export are automatically Products for export are automatically accepted by the importing country accepted by the importing country without further testingwithout further testing

MRA partners are obliged to accept MRA partners are obliged to accept one another’s conformity one another’s conformity assessment as meeting its own assessment as meeting its own regulatory requirementregulatory requirement

Products for export are automatically Products for export are automatically accepted by the importing country accepted by the importing country without further testingwithout further testing

Types of MRAsTypes of MRAsTypes of MRAsTypes of MRAs

1.1. Technical - between technical Technical - between technical bodies bodies

2.2. Government to government Government to government (ASEAN MRAs)(ASEAN MRAs)

Carried out in product sectors where Carried out in product sectors where the government is the regulatorthe government is the regulator

1.1. Technical - between technical Technical - between technical bodies bodies

2.2. Government to government Government to government (ASEAN MRAs)(ASEAN MRAs)

Carried out in product sectors where Carried out in product sectors where the government is the regulatorthe government is the regulator

Benefits of MRAsBenefits of MRAsBenefits of MRAsBenefits of MRAs

Reduced compliance costsReduced compliance costsMarket accessMarket accessCompetition and innovationCompetition and innovationFree flow of tradeFree flow of tradeConsumersConsumersGood practice and cooperationGood practice and cooperationDiscipline in standardsDiscipline in standards

Reduced compliance costsReduced compliance costsMarket accessMarket accessCompetition and innovationCompetition and innovationFree flow of tradeFree flow of tradeConsumersConsumersGood practice and cooperationGood practice and cooperationDiscipline in standardsDiscipline in standards

Regulatory Body Regulatory Body

Conformity AssessmentBodyE.g.: Testing Certification or Inspection Body

Conformity AssessmentBodyEgg: Testing Certification or Inspection Body

--------

MRA

Country ACertificate

Trainers

The Policy Background The Policy Background The Policy Background The Policy Background

GloballyGloballyGloballyGlobally

World Trade Organization - Technical World Trade Organization - Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (mid Barriers to Trade Agreement (mid 1990s)1990s)‘‘Members are encouraged at the request of Members are encouraged at the request of

other members to be willing to enter into other members to be willing to enter into negotiations for the mutual recognition of negotiations for the mutual recognition of each others conformity assessment’each others conformity assessment’

World Trade Organization GATS World Trade Organization GATS (article VII)(article VII)

World Trade Organization - Technical World Trade Organization - Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (mid Barriers to Trade Agreement (mid 1990s)1990s)‘‘Members are encouraged at the request of Members are encouraged at the request of

other members to be willing to enter into other members to be willing to enter into negotiations for the mutual recognition of negotiations for the mutual recognition of each others conformity assessment’each others conformity assessment’

World Trade Organization GATS World Trade Organization GATS (article VII)(article VII)

As a result, MRAs became As a result, MRAs became important in conformity important in conformity

assessmentassessment

As a result, MRAs became As a result, MRAs became important in conformity important in conformity

assessmentassessment

Policy for Economic IntegrationPolicy for Economic IntegrationPolicy for Economic IntegrationPolicy for Economic Integration

From AFTA to AECFrom AFTA to AEC Deeper and broader economic integrationDeeper and broader economic integration 12 priority products - including tourism12 priority products - including tourism ASEAN framework agreement on MRAs ASEAN framework agreement on MRAs

signed 1998signed 1998

From AFTA to AECFrom AFTA to AEC Deeper and broader economic integrationDeeper and broader economic integration 12 priority products - including tourism12 priority products - including tourism ASEAN framework agreement on MRAs ASEAN framework agreement on MRAs

signed 1998signed 1998

Policy for Services and TourismPolicy for Services and TourismPolicy for Services and TourismPolicy for Services and Tourism

ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) (AFAS) ‘‘States may recognize the education… or certificates States may recognize the education… or certificates

granted by another State’granted by another State’ ASEAN Framework Agreement for the Integration ASEAN Framework Agreement for the Integration

of Priority Sectors (Nov. 2004)of Priority Sectors (Nov. 2004) Roadmap for Integration of the Tourism Sector Roadmap for Integration of the Tourism Sector

(Nov. 2004)(Nov. 2004) The roadmap includes the desire across all states to The roadmap includes the desire across all states to

benefit from freer movement of qualified personnel benefit from freer movement of qualified personnel across the ASEAN regionacross the ASEAN region

This should ideally be achieved by 2008This should ideally be achieved by 2008

ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) (AFAS) ‘‘States may recognize the education… or certificates States may recognize the education… or certificates

granted by another State’granted by another State’ ASEAN Framework Agreement for the Integration ASEAN Framework Agreement for the Integration

of Priority Sectors (Nov. 2004)of Priority Sectors (Nov. 2004) Roadmap for Integration of the Tourism Sector Roadmap for Integration of the Tourism Sector

(Nov. 2004)(Nov. 2004) The roadmap includes the desire across all states to The roadmap includes the desire across all states to

benefit from freer movement of qualified personnel benefit from freer movement of qualified personnel across the ASEAN regionacross the ASEAN region

This should ideally be achieved by 2008This should ideally be achieved by 2008

MRAs are an Instrument of MRAs are an Instrument of ASEAN PolicyASEAN PolicyMRAs are an Instrument of MRAs are an Instrument of ASEAN PolicyASEAN Policy

ASEAN Framework Agreement for the Integration ASEAN Framework Agreement for the Integration of Priority Sectors (Nov. 2004)of Priority Sectors (Nov. 2004) Develop an ASEAN Agreement to facilitate the Develop an ASEAN Agreement to facilitate the

movement of experts, professionals, skilled labour and movement of experts, professionals, skilled labour and talents by December 2005;talents by December 2005;

Accelerate completion of MRAs to facilitate the free Accelerate completion of MRAs to facilitate the free movement of experts, professionals, skilled labour and movement of experts, professionals, skilled labour and talents in ASEAN by December 2008; andtalents in ASEAN by December 2008; and

States shall cooperate to develop and upgrade skills States shall cooperate to develop and upgrade skills and capacity building through joint training and and capacity building through joint training and workshops.workshops.

ASEAN Framework Agreement for the Integration ASEAN Framework Agreement for the Integration of Priority Sectors (Nov. 2004)of Priority Sectors (Nov. 2004) Develop an ASEAN Agreement to facilitate the Develop an ASEAN Agreement to facilitate the

movement of experts, professionals, skilled labour and movement of experts, professionals, skilled labour and talents by December 2005;talents by December 2005;

Accelerate completion of MRAs to facilitate the free Accelerate completion of MRAs to facilitate the free movement of experts, professionals, skilled labour and movement of experts, professionals, skilled labour and talents in ASEAN by December 2008; andtalents in ASEAN by December 2008; and

States shall cooperate to develop and upgrade skills States shall cooperate to develop and upgrade skills and capacity building through joint training and and capacity building through joint training and workshops.workshops.

The ASEAN Framework The ASEAN Framework Agreement on MRAsAgreement on MRAsThe ASEAN Framework The ASEAN Framework Agreement on MRAsAgreement on MRAs

Signed December 1998Signed December 1998Framework document to guide the Framework document to guide the

design and terminology of MRAs for design and terminology of MRAs for ASEANASEAN

Electronics, telecommunications and Electronics, telecommunications and cosmeticscosmetics

The MRA for Tourism Services must The MRA for Tourism Services must align with this framework documentalign with this framework document

Signed December 1998Signed December 1998Framework document to guide the Framework document to guide the

design and terminology of MRAs for design and terminology of MRAs for ASEANASEAN

Electronics, telecommunications and Electronics, telecommunications and cosmeticscosmetics

The MRA for Tourism Services must The MRA for Tourism Services must align with this framework documentalign with this framework document

An MRA for Tourism ServicesAn MRA for Tourism ServicesAn MRA for Tourism ServicesAn MRA for Tourism Services


An MRA will facilitate agreement on An MRA will facilitate agreement on certified competencies (including certified competencies (including languages) in specific job titles and languages) in specific job titles and access to work visas. access to work visas.

i.e.: an ASEAN-wide tourism labour i.e.: an ASEAN-wide tourism labour market with states exporting and market with states exporting and importing labour.importing labour.

An MRA will facilitate agreement on An MRA will facilitate agreement on certified competencies (including certified competencies (including languages) in specific job titles and languages) in specific job titles and access to work visas. access to work visas.

i.e.: an ASEAN-wide tourism labour i.e.: an ASEAN-wide tourism labour market with states exporting and market with states exporting and importing labour.importing labour.


The MRA will:The MRA will:

Require ongoing servicing and Require ongoing servicing and developmentdevelopment

Build confidence and cooperationBuild confidence and cooperation Encourage capacity buildingEncourage capacity building Deal with certification of Deal with certification of peoplepeople not not

productsproducts

The MRA will:The MRA will:

Require ongoing servicing and Require ongoing servicing and developmentdevelopment

Build confidence and cooperationBuild confidence and cooperation Encourage capacity buildingEncourage capacity building Deal with certification of Deal with certification of peoplepeople not not

productsproducts


It will operate byIt will operate by The exporting country checking for The exporting country checking for

conformity of their qualification against conformity of their qualification against the rules of the importing countrythe rules of the importing country

Exporting states therefore bear the cost of Exporting states therefore bear the cost of conformance – and of preparation and conformance – and of preparation and trainingtraining

It will operate byIt will operate by The exporting country checking for The exporting country checking for

conformity of their qualification against conformity of their qualification against the rules of the importing countrythe rules of the importing country

Exporting states therefore bear the cost of Exporting states therefore bear the cost of conformance – and of preparation and conformance – and of preparation and trainingtraining

Key Concepts and TermsKey Concepts and TermsKey Concepts and TermsKey Concepts and Terms

The Pivotal Notion of The Pivotal Notion of EquivalenceEquivalenceThe Pivotal Notion of The Pivotal Notion of EquivalenceEquivalence

A key concept driving MRAs is A key concept driving MRAs is equivalence assessmentequivalence assessment – are the – are the qualifications of country A equivalent to qualifications of country A equivalent to those of country B - i.e of equal valuethose of country B - i.e of equal value

MRAs require participants to mutually MRAs require participants to mutually accept each others’ conformity accept each others’ conformity procedures as being procedures as being equivalentequivalent

A key concept driving MRAs is A key concept driving MRAs is equivalence assessmentequivalence assessment – are the – are the qualifications of country A equivalent to qualifications of country A equivalent to those of country B - i.e of equal valuethose of country B - i.e of equal value

MRAs require participants to mutually MRAs require participants to mutually accept each others’ conformity accept each others’ conformity procedures as being procedures as being equivalentequivalent

ConformanceConformanceConformanceConformance

In considering an MRA we must In considering an MRA we must distinguish between:distinguish between: RulesRules which may be technical which may be technical

regulations, standards or guidelines regulations, standards or guidelines against which something is judged; andagainst which something is judged; and

Conformity assessmentConformity assessment - the process - the process by which things are evaluated for by which things are evaluated for compliance with the rulescompliance with the rules

In considering an MRA we must In considering an MRA we must distinguish between:distinguish between: RulesRules which may be technical which may be technical

regulations, standards or guidelines regulations, standards or guidelines against which something is judged; andagainst which something is judged; and

Conformity assessmentConformity assessment - the process - the process by which things are evaluated for by which things are evaluated for compliance with the rulescompliance with the rules

Conformity AssessmentConformity AssessmentConformity AssessmentConformity Assessment

Conformity AssessmentConformity Assessment means systematic means systematic examination to determine the extent to examination to determine the extent to which a product, process or service fulfils which a product, process or service fulfils specified requirementsspecified requirements

In other words, how tourism certification In other words, how tourism certification and qualifications fulfil requirements of and qualifications fulfil requirements of each ASEAN countryeach ASEAN country

Conformity AssessmentConformity Assessment means systematic means systematic examination to determine the extent to examination to determine the extent to which a product, process or service fulfils which a product, process or service fulfils specified requirementsspecified requirements

In other words, how tourism certification In other words, how tourism certification and qualifications fulfil requirements of and qualifications fulfil requirements of each ASEAN countryeach ASEAN country

The Organization Needed Under The Organization Needed Under the Framework Agreementthe Framework AgreementThe Organization Needed Under The Organization Needed Under the Framework Agreementthe Framework Agreement

In other words what we need to doIn other words what we need to doIn other words what we need to doIn other words what we need to do

Joint Sectoral CommitteeJoint Sectoral CommitteeJoint Sectoral CommitteeJoint Sectoral Committee

Each Sectoral MRA establishes a Each Sectoral MRA establishes a Joint Joint Sectoral CommitteeSectoral Committee responsible for the responsible for the effective functioning of that Sectoral effective functioning of that Sectoral MRA. MRA.

The Joint Sectoral Committee comprises The Joint Sectoral Committee comprises one official representative designated by one official representative designated by each Country to the Sectoral MRA. each Country to the Sectoral MRA.

ASEAN Tourism Professional ASEAN Tourism Professional Monitoring CommitteeMonitoring Committee

Each Sectoral MRA establishes a Each Sectoral MRA establishes a Joint Joint Sectoral CommitteeSectoral Committee responsible for the responsible for the effective functioning of that Sectoral effective functioning of that Sectoral MRA. MRA.

The Joint Sectoral Committee comprises The Joint Sectoral Committee comprises one official representative designated by one official representative designated by each Country to the Sectoral MRA. each Country to the Sectoral MRA.


Tourism Professional Certification Tourism Professional Certification Board Board Tourism Professional Certification Tourism Professional Certification Board Board

A TPCB A TPCB is responsible for the assessment is responsible for the assessment and certification of tourism professionalsand certification of tourism professionals

It will facilitate good practice and It will facilitate good practice and exchange of knowledge.exchange of knowledge.

A TPCB A TPCB is responsible for the assessment is responsible for the assessment and certification of tourism professionalsand certification of tourism professionals

It will facilitate good practice and It will facilitate good practice and exchange of knowledge.exchange of knowledge.

AuthorityAuthorityAuthorityAuthority

Member State signatories to a Sectoral Member State signatories to a Sectoral MRAs shall ensure that the TPCB has MRAs shall ensure that the TPCB has the power and competence in their the power and competence in their respective territories to carry out respective territories to carry out decisions required of them under the decisions required of them under the Framework Agreement. Framework Agreement.

Member State signatories to a Sectoral Member State signatories to a Sectoral MRAs shall ensure that the TPCB has MRAs shall ensure that the TPCB has the power and competence in their the power and competence in their respective territories to carry out respective territories to carry out decisions required of them under the decisions required of them under the Framework Agreement. Framework Agreement.

National Tourism Professional National Tourism Professional Association (TRG)Association (TRG)National Tourism Professional National Tourism Professional Association (TRG)Association (TRG)

The NTPA The NTPA means an entity that exercises means an entity that exercises a legal right to control the import, use or a legal right to control the import, use or sale of products within a Member State's sale of products within a Member State's jurisdiction (nominated by government).jurisdiction (nominated by government).

For the tourism MRA they are For the tourism MRA they are responsible for the registration of responsible for the registration of tourism professionals through ALETtourism professionals through ALET

The NTPA The NTPA means an entity that exercises means an entity that exercises a legal right to control the import, use or a legal right to control the import, use or sale of products within a Member State's sale of products within a Member State's jurisdiction (nominated by government).jurisdiction (nominated by government).

For the tourism MRA they are For the tourism MRA they are responsible for the registration of responsible for the registration of tourism professionals through ALETtourism professionals through ALET

ASEAN Labour Exchange for ASEAN Labour Exchange for TourismTourismASEAN Labour Exchange for ASEAN Labour Exchange for TourismTourism

A web-based facility to disseminate A web-based facility to disseminate details about job vacancies and details about job vacancies and foreign tourism professionals foreign tourism professionals seeking employmentseeking employment

A web-based facility to disseminate A web-based facility to disseminate details about job vacancies and details about job vacancies and foreign tourism professionals foreign tourism professionals seeking employmentseeking employment



Tourism Professional Certification Tourism Professional Certification Board Board

National Tourism Professional National Tourism Professional Association (TRG) Association (TRG)

ASEAN Labour Exchange for ASEAN Labour Exchange for TourismTourism


Tourism Professional Certification Tourism Professional Certification Board Board

National Tourism Professional National Tourism Professional Association (TRG) Association (TRG)

ASEAN Labour Exchange for ASEAN Labour Exchange for TourismTourism

Capacity BuildingCapacity BuildingCapacity BuildingCapacity Building

Provisions of the Framework Provisions of the Framework Agreement include capacity building Agreement include capacity building to ensure that competency and to ensure that competency and infrastructure are developed to infrastructure are developed to deliver the products and services deliver the products and services demanded by the MRAdemanded by the MRA

Provisions of the Framework Provisions of the Framework Agreement include capacity building Agreement include capacity building to ensure that competency and to ensure that competency and infrastructure are developed to infrastructure are developed to deliver the products and services deliver the products and services demanded by the MRAdemanded by the MRA

PhasingPhasingPhasingPhasing

All Sectoral MRAs are intended to be All Sectoral MRAs are intended to be multilateral agreements in which all multilateral agreements in which all Member States are encouraged to Member States are encouraged to participate. participate.

However, two or more Member States However, two or more Member States may proceed first if other Member States may proceed first if other Member States are not ready to participate in the are not ready to participate in the Sectoral MRAs. Sectoral MRAs.

All Sectoral MRAs are intended to be All Sectoral MRAs are intended to be multilateral agreements in which all multilateral agreements in which all Member States are encouraged to Member States are encouraged to participate. participate.

However, two or more Member States However, two or more Member States may proceed first if other Member States may proceed first if other Member States are not ready to participate in the are not ready to participate in the Sectoral MRAs. Sectoral MRAs.

A Draft Structure for an MRA for A Draft Structure for an MRA for Tourism ServicesTourism ServicesA Draft Structure for an MRA for A Draft Structure for an MRA for Tourism ServicesTourism Services

PreamblePreamble ObjectivesObjectives Scope and coverageScope and coverage Provisions for Provisions for

recognition and recognition and qualification of qualification of foreign tourism foreign tourism professionalsprofessionals

National bodiesNational bodies

PreamblePreamble ObjectivesObjectives Scope and coverageScope and coverage Provisions for Provisions for

recognition and recognition and qualification of qualification of foreign tourism foreign tourism professionalsprofessionals

National bodiesNational bodies

ASEAN Professional ASEAN Professional Monitoring CommitteeMonitoring Committee

Mutual recognition Mutual recognition obligationsobligations

TimingTiming ContactsContacts OtherOther

ASEAN Professional ASEAN Professional Monitoring CommitteeMonitoring Committee

Mutual recognition Mutual recognition obligationsobligations

TimingTiming ContactsContacts OtherOther

The End!The End!The End!The End!

An ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Tourism Services

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