An Appeal To live and let live to others From –Yogesh Kumar Saxena Advocate, High CourtVice President Advocate’s AssociationChamber No. 139-High Court AllahabadVice President and Legal Spokesman of Hind Kishan Sangathan( A society dedicated to Maintain the slogan-freedom by non-violence despite ideological deference ) All India Lawyer’s Union, U.P. Unit ( Uttar Pradesh Adhivakta Sangh) State Treasurer, Founder Member,Member- Rule Of Law Society In INDIAR/o- H.I.G.203, Preetam Nagar, Sulem Sarai Housing Scheme, Allahabad.Phone- (0532)- 2637720, 2436451,(M) 0-9415284843 hutch-9398675815.Subject- Hindu Palace/Temple conversion in Muslim Monuments like Taj Mahal- Invasion of our Indian Heritage by Archaeological Dept under the garb of The Ancient Monuments And Archaeological Sites And Remains Act, 1958 ( Act No.24 of !958)- Indian Historical Blunders – A deep Conspiracy Committed By lieutenant Alexander Cunningham in 1842-1847.

Reference collected from the books of Sri P.N. Oak – The Taj Mahal Is A Temple palace – Some Blunder of Indian Historical Research –Some Missing Chapters of World History- AGRA RED FORT is a Hindu building. Published by-HINDI SAHITYA SADAN 2, B.D. Chambers, 10/54 D.B. Gupta Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005H. M. Elliot, and many western scholars records that the theory of construction of Taj Mahal by Shah Jahan is an imprudent and interested fraud. The detective like approach of the writer, a lawyer, questioning the logical reasoning and all such guidelines prescribed that a sham history is offered to us which can be tornado into pieces with a little close scrutiny. Emperor Jahangir died on 27th October 1627 and the Prince Khurram ascended the throne at Agra on 5 th Feb 1628. The corroboration of the logical perceptions may lead to the inescapable conclusions that the long slavery paradoxically enough to make us slave has shaped the destitution Hindu confidence to a naught and the flame of truth burning in the heart of a civilised citizen to protect their radical traditional heritage culture has been completely vanished. Hinduism are now been impeached by gross dereliction of their duty. The invader based on the concept of destruction of the existing religion have gathered the undue predominance for outraging the modesty which was sometimes earlier being done by Muhammad Bin Quasim in 712 A. D. while offering the two daughters of King Dehar to Abdullah Abbas of Omen by invading their chesty. Muhammad Bin Quasim was stitched inside the leather of the cow and the same has become the situation of every nationalist movement as the Government has prohibited every effort to trace out the truth by maintaining status quo to the falsehood. The most crucial document sufficient to acknowledge the truth is their own Badshah-Nama of Abdul Hamid Lahori which disclose the transfer of majestic magnificent palace having the temple of Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva for the burial of Arjumand Bano Begum known Mumtaz Zilani, who was buried at Bhuranpur died due to the excessive pain during delivery of 14th child which was considered to be the bad omen by the Muslim priests. The second glaring truth may be revealed from the Aurangzeb’s letter written to Shah Jahan, which purports to make the elaborated repair over the dome. This letter is the best piece of admission regarding the alleged claim set up for construction of the monument form 1628 to 1658 A. D. The letter is dated long back and is recorded in at least three contemporary Persian chronical titled as Adaab-e-Alamgiri, Muraqqa-e-Akbarabadi and yaadgaarnama and preserved in National archives New Delhi. The two farmans of Shah Jahan to ex-rulers of Jaipur bearing modern number 176 and 177 issued on 18 th Dec 1633 demanding Makrana stone and the stone cutter for scaffolding the Koranic grafts, which are the imposture filling up the gap between the Hindu sculpture and the symbol of religion written in Sanskrit having the inscription in 34 stanza indicating that Tejo-Mahalya was raised as a palace by King Paramardi Dev and by his Minister Salakshan dated 1212 Vikram Era, Ashwil, Sunday, 5th day of bright lunar fortnight, these inscriptions can be seen in the book titled Kharjuwahak Alias Wartaman (modern Khajuraho by D.J.Kaleand on Page 270-274 of Epigraphia Indica, Vol.1 obtainable from Shri M.D. Kale, advocate Chhatttarpur, Madhya Pradesh, India). The other inscriptions is found at Bateshwar excavations preserved at Lucknow Museum which is the direct prove of raising the two crystal white marble building in 1155 as Chandrs-Mauleshwar Temple at Taj Mahal, while Vishnu Temple at Itimad-ud-daulah. The trident exclusive elbum of Chandra-Mauleshwar having captivating Beauty of Lord Shiva, who never thought of returning to his Himalayan abode lit Kailash Parvat is nothing but the central chamber of the Taj Mahal where he used to suppose to perform Tandav Nratya dance amidst the blowing of conches, the beating of drums and tolling bells. Shah Jahan, who is known for commissioned the large number of magnificent palaces, mosque and tombs with marble monumental glories during Mughal period was not the great building. The alleged materialised vision of loveliness, a poem in stone, a dream in marble, a novel tribute to the grace of Indian womanhood, a resplendent immortal tear-drop on the cheek of time, the wonder of the world known as Taj Mahal is not the construction of marble glory of Mughal period but the same is converted from a Shiva Temple to the graveyard of Arjumand Bano Begum purported as Mumtaz Zilani and Khurram commonly known as Shah Jahan. It is commonly known that during their inseparable companion, 14 children were born out of them 4 sons and 4 daughters survived. It is falsely alleged that Arjumand Bano Begum was the trusted political advisor of Prince Khurram during their 19 year of matrimonial alliances, as Prince Khurram became Emperor Shah Jahan only in 1628 A. D. and Arjumand Bano Begum died on June 17, 1631. Thus, it is a false concoctions that the construction of Taj Mahal started in the memory of Arjumand Bano Begum alias Mumtaz zilani, who was given burial in Zainabadi Garden in Burhanpur, which is located at about 600 kilometers from Akbarabad now known as Agra. It is said Arjumand Bano Begum was playing the chess with Shah Jahan on 17th June 1631. Suddenly both of them heard the crying of a baby. The sound of weeping was discovered that this was coming from the womb of the Begum Sahiba herself. The learned men, saints, tantriks were called to interpret and they have suspected to be a bad omen if Shah Jahan helped in the treatment of Begum Sahiba. Thus, Arjumand Bano died as she was not allowed to survive the dreadful omen and due to intensity of excessive pain she died. Thus, the connotation that the Taj Mahal is a Nobel tribute to the grace of Indian womanhood is a falsehood. On the other hand, it is resplendent immortal tear drop of deception by converting the glorified palace comprising of four storey building having a Shiva Temple on the top of “Tejo-Mahalya” (a palace of Lord Shiva commonly known as Tejo Ji by Jat predominating inhibition of ‘Taj Ganj’ area at Agra) on the cheek of time (probably during Aurangzeb period which became the downfall of the Mughal period). The Archeological Department alleges the construction of the building from 1628 A. D. onward upto 1658 A. D. as displayed on the marble stone planted outsides the gate of Taj Mahal.The other aspect of the truth is hidden behind the four storey building of the Palace covered with the mud comprising of the four garden towards the front side while towards the back side adjoining to Yamuna river the lower portions of the

building could not be covered with the mud which demonstrate that the policy of ‘Hide and Seek’ has been adopted to provide a coverage of the period of actual construction of the building of Taj Mahal from the entire world. Inside the palace there is the stone carving of the religious deity and an optagonal well for supply of the water in the under ground rooms numbering from 44 rooms at the bottom while 17 rooms situated under the Chameli-Farsh on the riverside. The stairways now closed and shut down cleverly with the stone slabs by the custodian of the building namely the walk Board after promulgation of walk Act 1995, further provides the coverage to the deceptiveness of falsehood. It is curious to note that the arches on the riverside have been closed up with rough brick-masonary which has been eased exteriorely- towards the Yamuna river with red stone slabs bearing carved designs. This masonary which is still going on inspite of the restriction imposed under the Ancient Monument and Archeological sites and Remains Act, 1958 and the Ancient and Historical Monument and Archeological sites and Remains (Declaration of National Importance) Act 1951. The basement which is comprising of the Red Stone has been converted by deleting the sign of Hindu construction of the building. Shah Jahan died in Agra Fort in captivity in the early hours of the night of Monday, the 26 th Rajab A. H. 1076/1666 A. D. Jahanara, daughter of Mumtaj Mahal was also living with Shah Jahan after the death of Arjumand Bano Begum. On his death R’ an Andaaz Khan, the commander of Fort, Khurajah Phul came into Ghusal-Khanah where Sayyed Mohammad Kannauji and Qaji Kurban, chief Qaji of Agra were called upon. At Muthamman Burj where Emperor Shah Jahan had died. His body was transported by boat through Darwaja Nashab of the Muthamman Burj and the outer Sher Haji Gate, which are now closed for the public.Thus, the claim set-up by the Archeological Department that Taj Mahal was started in1628 and completed in 1648, when Shah Jahan was alive is a falsehood.The Tombstone are not monolithic but are composed of exquisitively dressed with marble slabs of different sizes. The symbolic Motifs like Swastika, Cakra, Satkona (hexagon), panchkona (pantagon), Sankh (wnch-shell) in the reverse order moving anti-clock wise are found in every Mugal monuments situated at Delhi, Agra, Fatehpur Sikri, Humayun’s Tomb, Akbari-Mahal, Jahangiri Mahal and at the Moti Majid of Agra Fort and Janis Masjid of Fatehpur Sikri and at Akbari-Tomb (Sikandra, Agra) are the symbol of Hindu worship. The octagonal basement is the reciprocatory of ten directions which is known only under Hindu Traditions includes Earth and the sky apart from eight directions while the other religions namely Christianity and Mugal consider only four directions. The animate motifs like peacocks, fishes are worshipped by the Hindu the geometrical element like triangle, square, rectangle found at Taj Mahal and also at Fatehpur Sikri and Moti Masjid of Agra are the symbols of Hindu Traditional used during the Hindu festival at the entrance of the Home side. Satkona and other weapons namely Ankush (elephant goad), trishul (trident), Bana (arrow), parasu (mini-axe) are seen in the large number of their variations which may be seen ad masons marks at Taj Mahal and Fatehpur Sikri. The common symbols found at Fatehpur Sikri, constructional technique of all these building in one category which are commonly represented as Hindu religious symbols building. The letter of the Director General of Archeological Survey of India, New Delhi Bearing D. O. letter number 54/16/73-M dated 22nd /24th May 1973 to Dr. R. Nath, Professor of History Department and Historical research Documentation Programme, Jaipur acknowledge the truth. It is alarming that although the voice of the great historical was raised before the pavement stones of the main plinth of tomb of Humayun was replaced by artholox Muslims, the preservation of the mason’s mark by the circle superintending archeologists of the different regions would not be maintained despite assurance given by then Director General M. L. Desh Pande in reply to the letter written by Prof. R. Nath on 15th May 1973,

The names of the 14 children born out of the wedlock between Prince Khurram and Mumtaz Zilani were 1. Jahan-ara Begum, 2. Darashikon, 3. Shahshiya, 4. Roshan-ara Begum, 5. Aurangzeb, 6. Muradbaksh while eight children died. Thus, it could hardly be believed that during funeral ceremony of the deceased children, the celebration would have been done by raising the alleged construction of Taj Mahal and other Muslim monument by emperor Shah Jahan. Let us examine the alleged expenditure set to have been incurred in construction of Taj Mahal. It is alleged that the measurement of the size of Red Stone paved platform in front of main gateway of Taj Mahal is 211.6 feet into 86.3 feet. The height of the main gateway is 100 feet. The diagonal of the optagonal hall of the main gateway is 41.6 feet while the size of each wing on the internal side of the main gateway is 360 feet by 29.3 feet. While the size of the mosque-zamat Khana or Mahman Khana are 186 x 51.9 inch length of the mosque is 186 feet. The height of each minaret from the level of the garden to the apex of the Kalash is 162.6 feet while according to the record of Survey of India the south-east minaret and north-east minaret are 132.21 and 131.30 feet respectively. 243.6 is the total height of the main mausoleum the total height of domb from the base of the drum to the apex of the final is 145.8-1/4 inches. The distance from terrace on the internal side of the gateway to the central marble tank is 412.6 feet. These are the list of the various measurements of the Taj recorded by Moinuddin. The cost of a gate of onyx with mosaics and the gems has been recorded as rupees 21,482 approximately while the network enclosure of silver and gold for the cell was approximately counted as rupees 45,687. According to Moinuddin the weight of the Kalash of the main domb is 33 maunds and its cost is Rs. 13,688 only. The cost of the tower of Minar Mahal (Burj Minar Mahal Shah-Nashin Aiwan-Haye Khanah) is counted as Rupees 4,77,449 approximately. The whole marble complex resting on the Chameli Farsh (comprised of plinth, four minates and the main tomb) was built at the cost of rupees 1,05,23,063 which is more than one-fourth of the total cost incurred by Shah Jahan. It is for the people to muster sufficient courage and be in a position to exercise a little scholarly discretion regarding the truth of these dates which will conform that there was no construction of the original structure but the scaffolding of the existing structure by imposture of Quranic script and the replacement of Sanskrit verse signifying the construction the Hindu Shiva Temple already in existence prior to Mughal invasion The peacock throne. The institute of Islamic history culture and civilization Islamabad, Pakistan has published a book on Thatta Architecture in 1982. This book disclose the monument built by Mughal through bricks in their regions. It is important to notice that there is brick built structure set have been raised during Shah Jahan period at Thatta. There is no other name of any other Mughal ruler for construction of the mosque of Tughril Begh showing the new technique to dome construction dated 1059 A. D. / 1649 A. D. by Shah Jahan. The tomb of Esa Khan II Tarkhan having the domed tomb with pillared galleries dated 1054 A. H. /1644 A. D. On these construction everywhere you may find the octagonal brick built tomb with Hindu Symbol decorating the ceiling with Vedic scuipture and paintings but these monuments have least preserved by Archeological Department at Pakistan. The tomb is enclosure of Bqqi Begh Uzbek showing the chronical domb on octagonal drum is said to have been constructed on 1050 A. H. / 1604 A. D. The elevations of the grave stones of Diwan Shurfa Khan showing the engraving decorated in typical Tarkhan Style on the side of Canataph is dated 1038 A. H. / 1638 A. D. which is said to have been construction during Shah Jahan reign at Thatta. The Amir Mohammad Khan mosque at Thatta is a high sodiesed single domed square brick built structure depicting glazed tiles of Mughal Shah Jahan period is dated 1039A. H. / 1629A. D. The Jaini Mosque of Thatta is said to have been built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan which has triple entrance of newly laid garden infront of mosque with water fountains playing in the middle of water channels and cyress trees surrounding to the corridos is dated 1054 A. H. / 1647 A. D. during Shah Jahan

period. The ceiling of the main entrance of Jaini Mosque showing the wooden dross glazed pannels enamelled tiling of the wall, squinch and interlaced arch at the underside of the half domb with a ceiling with sunflower at the apex giving the effort of starry sky are certainly the Hindu Religious symbols of architect which have been converted as the Mughal monuments by Archeological Department of Islamabad. Thatta came under the Mughals after Mirza Zani begh captured the city and there after his son Mirza Begh later renamed as Jagirdar of Thatta came to the power during Shah Jahan period. It is said that Governor brick building known as Miran Shah tomb and mosque is situated north-east of Sekhjia Tomb at Shahi Bazar Thatta. The inscriptions fixed over the Mihrab were built by Nawab Abdul Razzaq Muzaffar Khan. The mosque of Jami Masjid is built by Shah Jahan at Thatta in 1644 A. D. which was completed in 1647 A. D. But the floor was paved with the stone in 1657 A. D. It is said that the first repair of the mosque was carried out by Aurangzeb. Thus, it is manifestly clear that on one hand the mosque os Jami Masjid was constructed by Emperor Shah Jahan from 1644 A. D. upto 1657 A. D. was in progress by the different inscriptions while on the other hand it is said that Taj Mahal was constructed after the death of Mumtaz Zilani commencing from the period of 1628 A. D. / 1658 A. D. as Emperor Shah Jahan was

arrested thereafter and remained confined till his death in 1666 A. D.

Public education is essential for functioning of the process of popular government and to assist the discovery of truth and strengthening the capacity of individual in participating in decision making process .The decision making process include the right to know also and pushing the protection of reservation beyond the primary level betrays the bigwigs desire to keep the crippled more crippled forever. Education of religion is the foundation for value based survival of human being in a civilized society. The force and section behind civilized society depend upon moral value and the morality cannot be cultivated through the falsehood of ideological barrier. Thus the children may not be required to read such facts which are having the foundation of falsehood. Our educational institutions are the foundation of the characteristics on the basis of which the young generation will solve the problem of national solidatory and integration. The children are taught to adhere with the truth for their existence in future but the alarming situation linked with the history written by the alien rule has not only nurtured the myth amongst the independent citizens but many monuments have been falsely credited to the alien Muslim rulers who were driven across the Indian borders at sword point and continued to rule our nation mercilessly without given any importance to the existing palace and the temple built by the inhabitant ancestors of the rulers at the contemporary period. Education is an investment made by the nation in its children for harvesting a future crop of responsible adults productive of a well functioning society, however children are vulnerable. They need to be valued, nurtured, caressed and protected. Imparting of education is state function thus since the human mind is not a tape recorder, it would make a perfect reproduction later in the society .It is said that every state action must be informed by reason. Thus the freedom of expression which includes “right to know “ may be allowed to be enjoyed by the citizen to the fullest possible extent without putting shackles of avoidable cob web of rules and regulations putting restriction on such freedom. Justice has no favorite, except the truth. A reason varies in its conclusion according to the idiosyncrasy of the individual and the times and the circumstances in which he thinks. The mankind must be satisfied with the reasonableness within reach and the decision-making process may belong to the knowledge of the law. Thus the reasonableness and the rationality, legality as well as philosophically, provide color to the meaning of fundamental right .The concept of equality is not doctrinaire approach. It is a binding threat which runs through the entire constitutional text thus the affirmative action may be constitutionally valid and the same cannot ignore the constitutional morality, which embraces in itself the doctrine of inequality. It would be constitutionally immoral to perpetuate inequality among majority .The constitution is required to kept young energetic and alive .The attempt be endure to expand the ambit of fundamental right. It is said that the dignity of the ocean lies not in its fury capable of causing destruction, but in its vast extent and depth with enormous tolerance. Thus the wider the power, the higher the need of caution and care while exercising the power.Article 25 of the constitution if India secures to every person, subject of course to public order, health and morality and other provisions of Part III, including Article 17 freedom to entertain and exhibit outward acts as well as propagate and disseminate such religious belief according to his judgement and conscience for edification of others. The right of the State to impose such restrictions as are desired or found necessary on grounds of public order, health and morality is inbuilt in Arts. 25 and 26 itself. Article 25(2)(b) ensures the right of the State to make a law providing for social welfare and reforms besides throwing open of Hindu religious institutions of a public character to classes and Ss. of Hindus and any such rights of State or of the communities or classes of the society were also considered to need due regulation in the process of harmonizing the various rights. The vision of the founding fathers of the Constitution to liberate the society from blind and ritualistic adherence to mere traditional superstitious beliefs sans reason or rational basis has found expression in the form of Art. 17. The protection under Arts. 25 and 26 extends a guarantee for rituals and observances, ceremonies and modes of worship which are integral parts of religion but as to what really constitutes an essential part of religion or religious practice has to be decided by the courts with reference to the doctrine of a particular religion or practices regarded as parts of religion The Student/children, the future citizens under taking the education of Indian History on the misconception/ pattern of Anglo Saxon teaching meant for division of Indian society on the policy of “Divide and Rule”. There is a important question posed as to whether we have actually gain our independence or we have to under take another journey full of animosity, aggressism on account of terrorism and fanatic ideology a prevalent throughout the World of a particular religion. Thus on account of being sentinel /Guardian at large, this is the voice of the majority of Hindu Citizens to save our ancestral cultural heritage and there by to give protection to our future citizens. They have the threat of being subjected to atrocities if the drastic step to save the citizens from the oppression and exposure of falsehood may not be done at an earliest time. Thus every nationalist who has got a slightest patriotic cult in his inhibition has got a Fundamental Right and a Constitutional Duty to safe guard our cultural heritage against the falsehood. Imparting of education is a State function. The State, however, having regard to its financial and other constraints is not always in a position to perform its duties. The function of imparting education has been, to a large extent, taken over by the citizens themselves. Some do it as pure charity; some do it for protection.

A society where there is no moral values, there would neither be social order nor secularism. Bereft of moral values secular society or democracy may not survive. Almighty alone is the dispenser of the absolute justice. Thus an independent and efficient judicial system, belong the repository of omnipotent power is always consider as one of the basic structure of our constitution. The pre constitutional days cannot be countenanced as a source of law to claim any rights when it is found to violate human rights, dignity social equality amongst citizen. Democracy cannot survive and the constitution cannot work unless Indian citizens are only learned and intelligent, they are also of moral character and imbibed the inherent virtue of human being such as truth, love and compassion. Duty of every citizen of India is collective duty of the state every citizen of India is fundamentally obligated to develop a scientific temper and humanism .He is fundamentally duty bound top strive towards excellence in all sphere of individual and collective activity, so that the nation

constantly arises to the higher level of endeavor and achievements. Everyone, whether individually or collectively is unquestionably under the supremacy of law however it is true that exaggerated devotion to the rule of benefit must not nurture fanciful doubts or lingering suspicion and there by destroy social defense as the curiosity cannot be the subject matter of fair criticism. Thus the conclusion derived that on one hand every citizen is having the freedom of speech and expression so far as they do not contravene the statutory limits and may prevail in the atmosphere with out any hindrance. Fundamental duties and the obligation of the citizen may yet provide a valuable guide and aid to interpretation of constitutional issues which not only required for resolving the issues but also to provide guidance to the society. Giving a man his due, one of the basics of justice finds reflected in right to equality .Law frowns upon such conduct thus the court accords legitimacy to possession in due course of time.

The concept of sovereignty was present from the ancient time but the sovereignty was conferred upon an individual who is suppress the wicked and is recognized as great resources in itself like the fire, air, sun, moon and religion. The religion in the ancient time was considered as spiritualism and it was not dependent upon any ritual ceremony but it was considered s the knowledge in the darkness of ignorance and injustice. The sovereignty was supposed to promote the cause of the religion, wealth and enjoyment of life and who is voluptuous, malicious, mean and low minded is ruined by the retributive justice thus the sovereignty was considered as a destroyer of the wicked like fire; a restrainer of the wicked by storm (Varun ) and its controller. It was considered to be the dispenser of ease to the best pupil like the moon and a replenisher of wealth. These qualities were the quality of the sovereign power. Now the sovereignty is attributed upon the three institution namely the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The combined effect of the three institutions makes a democratic society. The legislature is creature like lord Brahma while the executives like lord Vishnu may provide the welfare to the public. The judicial institutions like lord Shiva is the dispenser of justice and is also the protector of all subjects. The law of retributive justice wakes when the people sleep. Hence wise men regard the law or punishment as virtue or religion.

The sovereignty and the people should form three Councils, Educational, Religious and Administrative. One individual should not have the absolute power of government, the sovereignty being the general president of the councils .The qualifications of the president the presidents of separate councils are their interest in the welfare of the country, their excellence of learning and character, and their influence over the people. A country prospers as long as the people are righteous. Also their welfare requires the appointment of learned educational officers, appointment of learned men as the dignitaries of the spiritual council and of virtuous learned men as administrators. Obedience to law is required of all. Secularism is the basic structure of constitution and as such in absence of study of religion for generating brotherhood amongst the fellow citizens as to provide mutual coordination and the ideology of live and let live to other is the basic education which cannot be said as an attempt against the secular philosophy of the constitution .The constitution as it stands does not proceed on the “melting pot “theory while it represents a “salad bowls” where there is homogeneity without any obliteration of identity . The foundation of the religion is spiritualism, which is based on trust and confidence and an ability to strive for the good self of the other individual. The law must be enforceable to preserve the society with out any derivation and hindrance and thus it may not resultantly face the social catastrophe. The little Indian shall not be hijacked from the course of freedom by mob muscle method and thereby to subtle perversion of discretion by other large Indian “dressed in little, brief authority”. The people of our country has right to know every public Act and the principle of finality may not be insisted upon as the maxim “interest reipublicae ut sit finis litiun”. Wisdom and advisability of public policy may be demonstrated in order to given effect to the statutory provisions under our constitution thus an inquiry and investigation may be needed a complete with the opinion of the expertise to arrive a conclusion as to whether the plurability in a society is not splited the very object of the law through appeasement to the minority group of the citizen in order to provide a conducive political social and legal framework with out destroying the very fabric on the basis of which the pillar and the foundation were built in order to assimilate the minorities with the majority . The Hon’ble court may never venture to disown its jurisdiction when the constitution is found to be at stake and the fundamental rights of the citizen are under fire of falsehood and thereby usurpation of the power by terrorizing for personal leisure and pleasure through self created dogmas and rituals of particular religion at the cost of other citizens. Thus the exposure of the falsehood may become the right of the affected party to vanish the assertion based on unpatriotic sentimental perversity. The freedom of speech and expression is basic to indivisible from a democratic polity .It includes right to impart and receive information. Restriction to the said right could be only as provided in article 19(2). Right of a voter to know the bio-data of the candidate is the foundation of the democracy. The old dictum let the people have the truth and the freedom to discuss it and all will go well with the Government should prevail. The true test for deciding the validity of the Act is whether it takes away or abridges fundamental right of the citizens. If there is direct abridgement of the fundamental right of freedom of speech and expression, the law would be invalid. If the provisions of the law violate the constitutional provisions, they have to be struck down and that is what is required to be done in the present case .It is made clear that no provision is nullified on the ground that the Court does not approve the underlying policy of the enactment.

In Bijoe Emmanuel vs State of Kerala (1986) 3 SCC 615, the question raised in the aforesaid case as to whether three children who were faithful to Jehovah’s witnesses may refuse to sing any national anthem or salute the national flag of our country despite being the student in the school where during morning assembly the national anthem is sung by other children the circular issued by the director of public instruction Kerala provide obligation of school children to National Anthem. Thus these children were expelled. The Hon’ble Supreme court while setting aside the aforesaid order of expulsion of the children from the school was pleased to examine as to whether the children faithful to Jehovah’s witnesses, a worldwide sect of Christianity may be compelled against tenets of their religious faith duly recognized and well established all over the world which was upheld by the highest court in United States of America, Australia and Canada and find recognition in Encyclopedia Britannica. It was held that the appellants truly and conscientiously believed that their religion does not permit them to join any rituals except it be in their prayers to Jehovah, their God. Though their religious beliefs may appear strange, the sincerity of their beliefs is beyond question. They do not hold their beliefs idly and their conduct is not the outcome of any perversity. The appellants have not asserted the beliefs for the first time or out of any unpatriotic sentiments. Their objection to sing is not just against the National Anthem of India. They have refused to sing other National Anthems elsewhere. They are law abiding and well-behaved children who do stand respectfully and would continue to do so when National Anthem is sung. Their refusal, while so standing to join in the singing of the National Anthem is neither disrespectful of it nor inconsistent with the Fundamental Duty under Article 51 A (a). Hence no action should have been taken against them. The ambit and scope of “Right to Know “ is conferred fundamental right under article19 (1)(a) of the Constitution of India read with the provision of Freedom of Information Act,2002 .The right to get information in democracy is recognized all throughout and it is a natural right flowing from the concept of democracy itself Freedom of expression may be necessarily include right of information. There is no expression with out having an idea on the subject, regarding which the expression of an individual may be given effect to change the existing values an ideology which are based on

the notable extracts of certain facts. An enlightening informed citizen would undoubtedly enhance democratic values.On one hand we are suffering from the past prejudice of caste predomination amongst the different section of the citizen. This country called as Arya Varta in the ancient time was so excellent as there was no match equal to our country on this earth. The creation of the terminology of Aryan considering themselves to be noble was earlier regarded the real philosopher’s touchstone to eradicate the falsehood from its perception. However by the gradual deterioration in the standard of the good behavior, righteousness, decency which were having the foundation of impartiality, love and conscientiousness, there has been the complete absence of discrimination in the social coordination. In a pluralistic society like India, which accepts secularism as the basic ideology to govern its secular activities, education can include study based on “religious pluralism “. Religious pluralism exclusivism and encourages inclusivism. Thus in pluralistic society it is necessary that there may not be any encroachment upon the follower of other ideology. Value based education is likely to help the mission to fight against all the kinds of prevailing fanaticism, ill will, violence, dishonesty, corruption and terrorism in the different form Citizens by getting the protection to a certain degree of preference to the minority on the cost of majority of citizen .The education is permissible only on the grounds of convenience, suitability and familiarity with an educational environment but the same should not be excessive to the substantial departure of tolerance and based on practically not existent intolerable fanatic ideological aggressism . The prevalent socio-economic system having the vast majority of the people, ignorant uneducated and easily liable to be misled may also be provided their due legitimization in governance of their life as they repose tremendous faith in the secularism .It is the constitutional obligation of the state to provide the justice by emancipation of the falsehood as the commitment of Article 19 A, providing right of expression to an individual. It may be unreasonable if we are unable to give the exact definition of reasonableness to the people in a democratic institution .Law cannot afford any favorite other than truth the manifest injustice is curable in nature rather than incurable mediocrity over meritocracy cuts the root of justice. Protective push or prop by way of reservation or classification must withstand any over generous approach to the section of the beneficiary if it handles the effect of destroying another’s right to education, more so, by pushing in a mediocre over meritorious and thereby belies the hope of generating the social coordination.

Truth will not make us but it will certainly make us free. The wrong historical data leads to the horror as we have seen during the period of demolition of the Babri Masjid. There has been number of concomitant given by the respective community representing to the follower of two prominent religions but the loss which we have suffered in the shape of hatred between the two section of the society cannot be compensated without revealing the truth. Unfortunately, the term Hindu communalism is more exaggerated by the fanaticism under the garb of secularism while the Hindu community as a whole has always been receptive to all the religion. The question which is cropping its importance is much more in relations to the question pertaining to Muslim contributions to Indian life and culture. Such facts which have been geared to brainwash the subject of the pupil with that of perverted history under the long spell of foreign rule may be distorted according to the command of the ruler and as such till date the truth has not brought forward to the surface and is exclusively aliens to the appeasement policy generated in order to rule the parliamentary democratic set up in our country. The mentality affects and paralyses the traditional heritage and provide a loss to the integrity of our country. Our ancient ancestors namely Rana Pratap and Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Guru Govind Singh during the period of Moghul rulers have not conceded with the terror and torture they used in proselytization, it is very shameful for the independent citizens to live under the false perception of character assassination. Thus in all fairness we may accept that although the Britishers were more civilized but inspite of their great insight, there is the historical blunder committed by them while writing the Indian history in relations to the authorship of the monuments. Muslim rulers without exception were sadist yet they represent themselves as just, kind and patrons of learning. The construction is all Hindu while the destruction of these constructions has been done by these foreigners who were either Muslim or Britishers. These persons were stained with all wickedness and disgraceful conduct which is still apparent in the society and remained prevalent during a thousand year of rampant Muslim communalism then how we can expect that they have not demolished all the Hindu Temple and converted them with slight modification as their monuments the township of Ferozabad, Tuglaqabad, Ahmedabad and Hyderabad are falsely ascribed to that of Sultan though the same was belonging to our ancient Hindu Rulers. The country in which the milk was available to every citizen without investing any money to the extent of his requirement and consumption has now been adulterd after ruthless killings of our cattle’s by these invaders of the public confidence actually Hinduism is nothing but our nationalism and sooner it may be understood and practiced in such a manner, we may seek the protection of our integrity by saving the population of the innocent citizens. The terminology of history is derived from Greek word ‘Historia’ meaning there by an enquiry. Since the enquiry is nothing but the same is attributed to the different branch of knowledge. Thus the inquisitiveness is always generated in educated mind. The history should not be guided solely on etymological terminology. The meaning of ‘Itihas’ which is a Sanskrit word leads to three terminology .The first one namely ‘iti’ means such and such (a happening or event) ,’ha’ means indefinitely while ‘aas’ means happened. Thus the history is chronological happening of the different event during the past period.

Our scientific inventions have now provided us a great insight to reveal the truth, which are happening in the outer atmosphere. Since due to the technological advancement of conducting the research regarding the authorship of the monuments built by different Hindu rulers prior to the conquest by its invaders thus we may shift our endeavor in search of the truth. History will always deal with those who wielded power. In Russia the czars lost power to the proletariat, the communist party wielded all power and the Russian History of post 1917 era would mostly talk of the proletariat and monolithic communist party. Some of the historians have deliberately, unknowingly while some cowardicely lacked the nerve to declare that these rulers have cheated the public in the name of Indian History. Thus the distortion, perversion and anomalies of the misleading inaccuracies and fabrications are required to be exposed before the masses as the minority community of our Muslim citizens may also be enlighten that the foundation on which the Muslim invaders was dependent are themselves non existent throughout the world. There may be the minor differences at the beginning between the followers of a particular religion but it is undesirable for the majority of the population that the invaders who ruled India for about one thousand years may not be credited with the authorship of the monuments to their credit. The monuments at Delhi, Agra, Fatehpur Sikri, Allahabad, Ahmedabad and in Naini other prominent cities were built by Indians who constructed the Madurai Temple, Rameshwaram, Konark, Khajuraho, Ajanta, Ellora, Dilwara Temple and mighty forts at Ranthanbhor ,Ambar, Udaipur and Jaipur itself. This is providing and impact upon the psychology of most of the citizens that despite the atrocities committed by foreigners like Afghans, Turks, Iranians, Mongols, Abyssinians, Kazaks and Uzbeks, the monuments built by Hindu may still be credited for being constructed by these invaders and as such the aggressive attitude adopted by these persons throughout the world may get a jolt through the exposure of the falsehood, on the basis of which the foundation of a particular religion are based from mediaeval period.

Long slavery, paradoxically enough, makes the slave to look upon the very change that bind him as his life support. This story was told to the convict in ancient time and who was confined in the dingy cell for fifteen years. After fifteen year the detainee was set free and he gingerly step out of the prison gate. His eyes, which were used to the dim

light wilted at the bright sunshine outside everything including traffic, the gazing eyes were the strange look to the detainee and as such he felt terrified. He took a long look at the outside world and thereafter he inhaled a deep breath and there after by a sudden dash he again reached to his dog’s tether in the cell as his imprisonment has sapped his self-confidence. This is what has happened in India. This feeling utter destitution, dejection, desperation and the loss of all confidence is the result of our slavery by which the Indians have forgotten their own past history, lost freedom and obliviousness of the delights of an unfettered life thus it is necessary to keep the flame of the truth burning in the heart of every enlightened citizen as the majority of the public is unaware of the truth. The glory of our country may only be restored when our traditional heritage culture may revive every citizen from unadulterated history. The historical concepts which were distorted during the long period of slavery may become a task of utmost importance and urgency. An inadequate understanding on impressionable citizen has resulted the further accessibility in implanting the misleading concepts and there by breaking the heads and idols of the fellow citizen due to the segmentation of the society in many composition. A true history must atleast be written in the contemporary language and it should remain independent from interpolation otherwise the very existence of our cultural heritage may be evaporated from the sight of the future generation. The governor general Lord Auckland, and young lieutenant Alexander Cunningham conceived indigenous scheme of misusing the archaeological studies. This young Cunnigham, an army engineer had no training in the archaeological department, he wrote a lengthy letter dated September 15, 1842 suggesting archeological exploration in India. This letter is reproduced on page no 246 Volume 7 journal of Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1843 A.D. It discloses that the purpose of archeological exploration in India is neither the study nor preservation of historical monuments but to use archeology as the imperial tool to create mutual dissension and resentment between Buddhists, Jains and other Hindu with Muslims by falsely crediting all monuments to the authorship to alien Muslim invaders while few may be labeled as that of being constructed by Buddhist or Jain but not by Hindu.

The indo-saranice theory of architecture is the existence of Hindu patrons in all medieval monuments thus it is necessary that the credit must be given to such Hindu artists who designed the monuments. It may not be given to medieval cruelty and fanaticism adopted by chauvinistic Muslim invaders. The infidel designs on each and every Muslim mosque and tomb reveals the tolerance of Hindu citizens who were subjected to the cruelty and terrorism from the last one thousand years. This article does not reflect any animosity between the different section of the society but this is a description of sum of the thought provocating a revelation in relations to the blunder committed by the Historian on the foundation of sacrosanct concepts. The pioneer, In English daily newspaper of Lucknow it was observed that “The Archeological survey of India reports (brought out under Alexander Cunningham) are feeble, inane and all but useless and the Government has reasons to be ashamed of the majority of the volume. It appears that Cunningham planted false Muslim cenotaphs inside Hindu building, inserted Koranic over writing on Hindu edifices and sponsored the fabrication of documents to be given to Muslim caretaker for conversion of the Hindu Building like Taj Mahal, Red fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Sikandara, Etmadudullah built by Hindu rulers to the Muslim monuments. Let us begin with the dubious instance of 230 ft. high tower called as Qutub Minar to which historian claims to have been built by Qutuubbdin Aibak from 1206-1210 A.D. The other historian claims that it was built by his son in law and successor Iltmash while other claim it to be built by Allauddin Khilji. The fourth view is of Ferozshah Tuglaq while the fifth view is that all these rulers jointly or severely built the tower. Everyone knows that there is no basis for the above assertion. But the truth is known to the public by mere seeing the sight of Qutub Minar that the same is having so many deity and temple adjoining to this monument. These historians may be impeached for gross dereliction of their duty and for committing cheating upon the conscience of the public. The truth is not amenable to all individual as no one could dare to become vigilant enough and to collect true version about the mediaeval township of Hindu rulers.We therefore caution the world of history not to place any faith in Anglo-Muslim translations of Muslim lettering or documents made hitherto.

Later Percy Brown, James Fergusson, Sir Kenneth Clarke, Sir Bannister Fletcher and Encyclopaedia Britannica orchestrated the same cunning tune of Cunnigham. That resulted in firmly establishing and perpetuating a colossal archaeological fraud which is being sedulously taught all over the world as profound academic truth and is echoed in newspaper articles and telecasts for over a century. Cunningham’s suggestion was obviously highly appreciated. Because when he retired from the army as a Major General he was straightaway appointed the first archeological surveyor of India in 1861,as director from 1862 to 1865 and as Director General from 1871 to 1885. Thus the historical data based on archeological study conducted by Cunningham are scheming brain of notorious design regarding their vagueness and deceptive notions. The archeological survey of India was dramatically closed from 1861 to 1865 when the two assistant of Cunningham namely J D Beglar and Carlleyle took over the charge and prepare the list of historical monuments with fabricated historical records. Consequently persons working around the world as the expert Muslim known as saracenic architecture in museum became the pseudo experts unwittingly perpetuating the fraud with the people. T he historical cities were converted to Islam and the pre Muslim edifices built according to the Vedic architecture were vanished from existence. The ancient Indian history is remarkable from the time of the epic of Ramayana and Mahabharata. There are the evidence that their exists the Hindu palaces having the creation of it by the marble and other precious stone. In the ancient time there was sculputure based on our ethical and religious concepts. The cultural heritage was in existence in the form of iron pillars,the mandate of the ruler on copper scripts and the creation of the artistic image indicating civilization on the different religious temple of the contemporary period. These were the valuable antique which were ruthlessly destructed by the foreign invaders. The portraits of the ruler and their identification could be seen on the rocks and coins of the relevant period which are hidden inside the earth due to the barbaric destruction of our Hindu heritage.the prominent place of thsee heritage found are at Mohinjaddeo ,Harrapa(Sind) ,Takshila (Punjab),Kaushambi, Sarnath, Mathura(Uttar Pradesh), Patilaputra , Nalanda(Bihar), Rajgiri , Sanchi, Burhotra (Madhya Bharat),Agadi, Vanvasi,Talkand and Maski(south). There has been number of articles written by foreign visitors/delegates/diplomat and ambassdors amongst whom Magastahenes from Domiscus (Syria) and Deoneses (Egypt) are prominent .The descirption of the great ruler Sri Chandragupta Maurya may be found in the writing of Magasthenes.The chinese writer Faiyan left the glimpse of Vikramaditya period thereafter Honchong came to India and remained here for about 15 years who has described the period of Harshavardhan religious and social coordination. Harshvardhan was the prominent ruler of our nation. At the last we may get some description from the article of Alavruni who came along with Mohammed Ghaznavi and examined the traditions of Hindu which are described in (Tahikate hind )Thus the civilization at Sindh river at Harappa has got the enormous storing capability of the food articles which were distribute by the Hindu rulers during their ‘Anustan’ in the different part of our country .The discovery of ‘Godam’ meant for storage of the grains is still found in Harrapa civilization which has become a part of Pakistan after th division of our country. It is evident that the people of the contemporary period were having their expertise in molding the copper pots for storage of the valuable herbal extracts meant for providing the cure from the ailments. All these cultural heritage of our Hindu civilization has not been preserved by our archeological department.

The period of destruction after reaching to the optimum heights after the propagation of Jain religion and Buddhism, may be relate back from the period of Ajatshatru , Nand Samrajya when Sikander invaded our country in 267 B.C. at Peshawar. He fought a battle from King Puru near Jhelum river and due to natural calamity of unprecedented rains ,the elephant could not provide any impact upon aggressors who were fully equipped to fight the Guerilla battle. The defeat of King Abhishad in Kashmir was the beginning of external invasion by the foreign invaders. During the Maurya dynasty, the King Chandragupta Maurya who was getting instructions from great Chanakya had successfully defeated Celucus but subsequently he entered with a compromise with Chandragupta Maurya as a result of which Chandragupta got eastern part of Unan namely aria , archosia , gadrosia and paronishdi.Chandragupta Maurya subsequently married with the daughter of King of Unan. Thus our country under the domination of the dynasty of Chandragupta Maurya was extended up to Unan to Mysore in the south. Thus except Kashmir and Kalinga the boundary our country was extended upto Afghanistan and Baluchistan. But unfortunately the period of Chandragupta Maurya could not remain intact.There was the revolt at tatshila which was suppressed during the reign of Bindusar by great ruler of our nation namely Ashoka the great .King Ashoka fought a battle with Kalinga and in this manner the dimension of the area which was extended upto Baluchistan was further extended from makaram ,sindh,kutch,kyauli,swat ki vally but Kashmir Nepal and Assam remained in exclusion to the aforesaid domination. Subsequently Great King Ashoka became the disciple of Lord Buddha and he has started expansion to the percepts of the religion by having the affixation of the symbolic predomination adhered with the aforesaid religion. He constructed the Ashoka pillars from mono block of a rock .On the top of which there was the symbolic resemblance of four lion while in midst there was a chakra comprising of 24 arches and the Bull and the elephants scriptures were carved out in the middle of the single rock below which there was the lotus in the downward directions. The symbolic resemblance of the lotus became a tradition for construction of the temple. Thus we may find out that wherever the lotus is evident on any monument with the scripture like the vegetable leafs, grapes , peacock and other religious offering provided to the deity kept inside the temple. The foundation of Muslim religion were based on the concepts of destruction of the existing values prevalent amongst the Buddha and Hindu religion. Although prophet Mohammed was himself the follower of Hindu religion he was initially opposed to existence of other religious adomination. There was the preaching that whosoever he might be ,he does not follow the Islam then there may be the army of Muslim followers who may terrorize him for conversion to the Islam. In this process if there may be the use of terrorism by showing of it the follower of other religion may loose the confrontation in the expansion of Islamic Muslim fundamentalist then even the Kuran use to profess the aforesaid crusade. Thus after the existence of such a drastic army of the crusaders, there was no possibility that the other peace loving religion may still remain in existence. Unfortunately Hindu, Jain, Buddh religion followers were dependent upon the policy of non-violence, peace and tranquillity and under there religious philosophy the entire world is like a family of the different ideology. Thus the beginning of the Muslim invasion in our country starting from the time of Mohammed Bin Quasim in 712 A.D., there was the gruesome murder committed of King Daher and thereafter his two daughters after outraging their modesty were handed over by Mohammed Bin Quasim to his uncle namely Abdul Abbass of Oman. However the Muslim ruler after been instigated by the daughters of the King Daher got this Mohammed Bin Quasim death by putting him alive inside the leather of the cow for invading the chastity of two girls prior to their offering to Sultan. This was the beginning of destruction of our cultural heritage by these ruthless invaders. The description of it may be seen in a book written by R.C.Mazumdar namely the ‘Arab mission of India’. Sultan Mohammed Ghaznavi robbed Somenath temple ultimately after invading and defeating the different Rajput rulers for more than seventeen time from the year of 1000 to 1026 A.D. This man was the follower of Islam who destructed many temples during his aggression. Abdul Fateh Daud ,a Muslim ruler of Sultan was so terrified that he offered his apology to Mohammed Ghaznavi and at the same time Jaypal who committed the suicide instead of being surrendered before Mohammed Ghaznavi, his son Anand Pal was also defeated near Peshawar. In the sixth attack committed upon our nation by Mohammed Ghaznavi. Anand Pal thereafter associate dthe King of Ujjain, Gwalior, kalingar , kannuanj ,Delhi and Ajmer but due to the division in the army , Mohammed Ghaznaviu again defeated him and thereafter the he attacked on the Palace of Nagarkot Kingdom. These invasions started from the year of 1007 upto 1027 A.D. continued to remain near Sindhsagar Navnandh , Yagesghwar,Barran,Mahram,Mathura ,Kalinjar and ultimately at Katiabad due to dis integrity of the Hindu rulers. Ultimaley Mohhamed Ghaznavi died on 30th April 1030. The journey of Shahabuddin Mohammed Gauri started from 1176 to 1178 for the victory of Multan and Kutch,He conducted so many attacks with the help of King of Jammu upto 1186. He entered in Gujrat but Mool Raj the King of Anhilavada got him defeated. However in 1191 he conquered Malinga and Shar-Hind which included the territory of Delhi. Thus Delhi and Ajmer remained under his domination while he attacked at Kannuaj, Chandivada (near Etawah), Gwalior and Vijana. Gayasuddin Mohammed Gauri died in 1102. The reason for the defeat of Rajput rulers was on account of the fact, which is exhibited by the recital of Turk aggressors that there is the survival of the fittest. There was no morality in the Hindu army and as such they were defeated by the Muslim rulers. The main reason for the defeat were the caste system, and idol worshipness prevalent at the relevant time. The intellectuals were side tracked and the society was divided into many segmentation in which Kshatriya only were considered to be the fighting class amongst the Hindus. The citizens were having the orthodox feeling and they were very much living under the domination of superstitions. This was the reason that the Hindus were subjected to the cruelty by the foreign invaders. Kutubuddin Aibak appointed a Muslim governor upon Ajmer. He expanded the territory of Mohammed Guari to Meerut, Jhansi, Kol and Runthambor. He converted many temples into Muslim Mosques at Gwalior and Anhilvada. Bengal was invaded by Bakhtiyaruddin Khilji at the time of Kutubbuddin. There were many rulers namely Aalathmus , Razia Sultana, Naseeruddin Mohammed, Tuglaq Khan, and ultimately Jalaluddin Khilji came to the power. But his real nephew and son-in-law Allauddin Khilji trapped him and killed as a traitor. He committed the murder of Jallaluddin’s sons namely Aktali khan and Rukunniddin. This Allauddin after getting his enemy killed became the ruler to control the governance of the occupied territory. There was the stability in respect of the price of food grains. The cow was sold at one by third cost of the goat during his period. However Alluaddin died in the year of 1316 A.D. The starting of Gayasuddin Tuglaq and after his death one Mohammed Tuqlaq who was called as a symbol of many contradictions at the same time he was intelligent and cruel while on the other hand he was a religious and lunatic but he was called as unfortunate idealistic who shifted his capital from Delhi to Devgiri at Daulatabad .The successor of Mahmmaed Tuglaq was Feroz Tuglaq who developed the government farm and made the invention for the rotation of the crops. He converted many Hindu monuments and all these monument description is described at Fatauath- e-ferozshahi .The cities were known as Feroza,Ferozabad,Hissar,Jaunpur and Fatehabad during his time period. He created a army of the slaves comprising of about one lakh eighty thousand people belonging to the inhabitant of the same place where he was the conqueror. After the end of Tuglaq dynasty the Taimur dynasty completely vanished the remains of Tuglaq rluers. However soon the Taimur dynasty appointed Khijr Khan as there represntative who created Syed

regime.It has been said by the great German philosopher Gete that the success and the defeat are the part of the same coin as the joy and sorrow are reactionary and the unity is disintegrity are the reflections of the same quality. This was also the reason that after Mohhamed tuglaq there was the extinction of Muslim dynasty and there was the beginning of hindu rulers at Vijaynagar. Hindu Religion was based on diversity of different caste, Creed, Sects and Multiplicity of Religion The correspondent of BBC, London Times, Derspegel , New York Times ,Washington Post ,Christian Science ,Monitor Times and ‘life’ weekly’s continue to misrepresent these Hindu Building as that of Muslim origin. The freedom of expression continues to ruthlessly suppress the truth about these historical buildings belonging to the pre-Muslim origin. These Historian have meticulously calculatively kept their readership ignorant regarding the truth of pre–existing palaces and temple prior to declare them the building as Muslim monuments. Now our government has provided the restriction for taking even the photograph of the prominent historical buildings in India under the guise of archeological department as to maintain the status quo regarding the falsehood created by the historian and to avoid the alleged animosity between the majority class of the Hindu with the minority Muslim. It has been revelaed by Encyclopaedias Islamia that the Arabia itself obliterated all its past history by destroying image before the foundation of Islam. The origin of Kaba which is the central shrine is in itself a Hindu temple surrounded by huge shrine consisting of 360 HIndu images belonging to Indian king Vikarmaaditya who founded them in 58 B.C. Even the word ‘Allah’ Is a Sanskrit. Word signifies “Mother or goddess“ while mekha in Sanskrit signifies a sacrificial fire of Vedic worship prevalent during the pre Islamic days. The monuments have not only been destroyed in the peninsula of arvasthan belonging to King Vikramaditya, which was captured by the Arabian during the Islamic invasion. The intriguing aspect of regarding the existence of Shivalinga in Kaba shrine in Mecca is well known as sungay aswad that is black stone. The poetic composition of pre Islamic Arabian poets kept in famous library called as Makahtab-e-Sultania in Istambul in turkey contains the biographic details of these pre Islamic construction while the second part embodies the period beginning just after prohphet Mohammaed upto the end of Vanee- umaya dynasty resembling the Sanskrit name of Krishnayya voice. There has been a big signboard few mile away from Mecca banning the entry of any non Muslim in the area. This signboard signifies the period shrine was stormed and captured by the invader having their faith in Islam. The same position is visualized at Azmer sharif where there is still the covering over the Shivalinga for which the Islamic follower are strictly providing the vigilance as it may not be disclosed the existence of the Temple of Lord Shiva. Thus it be go on searching the different historical facts with the open eyes we will find that there are ample evidence to deflate the indo- saracenic architecture theory bubble. Iron Pillar near the Qutub Tower The iron pillar bearing a Hindu inscription has been standing un-rusted through rain and shine for milleniums beside the so–called Qutub Minar amidst the surrounding temples battered by Muslim hordes. Qutubuddin could never have brought piles of material and dug a sprawling foundation for the stone tower called (Qutub) inside the narrow confines of surrounding temples and other building work. Dislodged stones bearing Hindu images on one side and Arab lettering on the other found the so called Qutub Tower also prove that Muslim conquerors staked false claim to Hindu monuments through sculptural forgeries.Kutub Minar This 238 ft. tall tower euphemistically called Kutub Minar was erected by King Vikramaditya for astronomical observation centuries before Islam was even founded.The adjoining township called Mehrauli is the corrupt form the Sanskrit term Mihira-Awali meaning the Mihira township. Mihira was Vikramaditya’s royal mathematician-cum-astronomer-cum meteorologist.Even the Arabic term Kutub Minar signifies an astronomical tower.Kutub and Kutubuddin was a subsequent unwitting mix-up. Around the tower were 27 constellation temples which Kutubuddin’s inscription vaunts to have destroyed.The tower too has 27 flutings. Near the first storey ceiling are 27 holes one in each is likely. True to the significance of the term Kutub, this Tower’s entrance faces due north.Quwat-ul-Islam Mosque Turned into a mosque called Quwat-ul-Islam the rows of ornamental pillars of this monument by the side of the so called Qutub Tower are a clear proof of its having been a Hindu temple. No genuine mosque has ever such pillars lest reciters of Namaz standing and bending with half-closed eyes inadvertently break their heads against them.Nizam-ud-din Tomb The ornamental Hindu style pillars in the white marble structure turned into Nizamuddin Tomb. The arch on the right and parts of arches visible on either side of the dome are clear proof that this haphazard conglomerate of heterogeneous buildings was a part of an ancient Hindu township stormed by invading Muslim armies. Fakirs like Nizamuddin following in their wake used to take up residence in the ruins of battered buildings for preaching Islam to terrorize ‘infidels’. On their death they used to be buried in the ruins where they lived. That is why tombs like those of Nizamuddin and Bakhtiar Kaki in Delhi, Salim Chisti in Fatehpur Sikri and of Moinuddin Chisti in Ajmer present a mix-up of Hindu structure devoid of any coherent plan. Around the Nizamuddin tomb in Delhi are fanciful halls called Chausath Khamba, crumbling walls, bastions, towers, decadent graves, cellars ,plinths and cornices which are remnants of the stormed Hindu township still remembered by the term Keel-Ukhri(Kilokri). Keel used to be the central pillar erected when a Hindu township was planned. Since it got up-rooted in the Muslim assault that area came to be known as Kilokri.So called Humayun’s TombJust about half a mile away from this building known as Humayun Tomb is the narrow staircase from which Humayun the second generation Moghul emperor fell, in Delhi. He was carried to his palace say contemporary chronicles. This was the palace he was carried to and it was there that he died a few days later. He was buried in the central chamber where he lay ill as has happened throughout Muslim history in India. This solves the tantalizing riddle why we have tombs but apparently no palaces of luxury-steeped pleasure-seeking alien potentates. This monument still forms part of Jaipur Estate in Delhi. It is surrounded by ruined walls, annexes, guesthouses and guardrooms. An arcade of arches leads to it. Close-by is a huge annexes euphemistically called Arab-ki-Serai deriving its name from the times that invading Arab hordes encamped in it .The entire grounds are littered with graves of invading Muslim soldiers slain by Hindu defenders. Before being turned into a tomb Humayun as a usurper lived in this sprawling Hindu captured palace which was the focal point of the ruined township since known as Kilokri. The nearby ruins in which Fakir Nizamuddin lies buried were a part of this huge Hindu citadel.Roshanara Garden This is believed to be the tomb of Roshanara, the daughter of the last powerful Moghul emperor Aurangzeb. Note that it has neither domes nor minarets. Instead it has ornamental pillars, Hindu arches and cupolas. Very parsimonious and hardhearted as the Hindu-baiter Aurangzeb was he would hardly spend any money on a Hindu style resting-place for his daughter’s corpse. Obviously, therefore, this is a usurped Hindu garden palace commandeered to serve as a tomb as was usual in those times.Fatehpuri Mosque

This so called Fatehpuri Mosque at one end of Delhi’s crowded Chandni Chowk highway was a pre-Muslim Rajput temple of the city’s guardian and royal deity Lord Shankara alias Eklingaji.Its entrance arches have the Hindu stone flower emblems on either side of the apex. The word ‘Fatehpuri’ means a conquered (Hindu) township. The marble slab on the red-stone entrance proclaiming it to be a mosque is evidently as interpolation. The monuments, arches and pillars and cupolas are entirely of Hindu Rajput style. The so called mosque’s rental revenue is all derived exclusively from Hindu shops swarming its fringes. This proves that while the stalls remained with the Hindu their temples fell a victim to conquest and conversion.Mausoleum of Safdar JangThis so called Safdarjang tomb in Delhi was an ancient Rajput palace which devolved on the Muslim aristocracy through conquest .It has an ornamental Rajput style gateway and a protective wall with watch-towers and bastions which are superfluous for a genuine tomb. Safdarjang, an ex-chief Minister of the Nawab of Oudh had been disgraced and dismissed prior to his death. Who would foot the bill to build a palace for an unemployed deceased nobleman’s corpse? A little prodding with two sharp questions brings down the entire illusory structure of tall Muslim claims to Hindu building-work. We ask that if Safdarjang’s corpse could afford such a stupendous palace he should have had at least ten palaces when living. But there is none. The other question is that if his heir and successor built this palace for the corpse of the deceased Safdarjang the former must himself have had tens of palaces in Delhi. But he too had none. Our answer to this riddle is that Safdarjang and in fact all alien Muslim rulers and noblemen were buried in their own palaces.Diwan-I-Khas,Red Fort ,DelhiContrary to popular belief the Red Fort in Delhi is a very ancient structure. Prithviraj used to stay in this Lalkot (red palace). Saffron and ochre are colours sacred to the Hindus, but avoided by Muslims The main highway of Delhi known as Chandni Chowk connects the Red Fort with the royal and guardian deity’ temple now turned into Fatehpuri Mosque. Around this axis was built Old Delhi protected by a massive wall .According to Akbarnama and the Agni Purana, Delhi was built by the Hindu King Anagpal around 372 A.D. before founding of Islam.Agra the Taj Mahal

This symphony in marble was a royal Hindu palace. Its very name Taj Mahal signifies nothing more or less. Its octagonal shape and the cupolas and four towers at the plinth corners are all Hindu features. Havell, the English architect has all along stressed that the Taj is an entirely Hindu structure in design and execution. The four towers used to sport multi-coloured lights. The Taj precincts are a huge building complex encompassing over three hundred rooms. The locality was known as Jaisinghpur.The Marble Screen at the Taj This ornate marble trelliswork entirely in the Hindu style now encloses tow tombs believed to be those of Mumtaz and Shahjahan .The network was stuffed with rare gems. Traditional accounts tell us that this enclosure had silver doors and gold railings to boot. Even Shahjahan’s and Mumtaz’s palaces never boasted of such fabulous fixtures when the pair was alive and kicking from the imperial throne. How come then that when Mumtaz died(1630 A.D.) all this wealth descended on earth all of a sudden. Far from that this expensive and resplendent enclosure was made to house the dazzling Hindu peacock throne that throne, wrongly credited to Shahjahan, came to his possession when he dispossessed the Taj Mahal’s last Rajput owner Jai Singh of this fabulous ancient Hindu palace.The Gateway of Taj The gateway leading to the Taj garden is like any other Hindu gateway tallying in every detail with those of other forts and palaces depicted. The tiny domes over these gateways in a row invariably make an odd figure like 5,7,9, or 11,since in Hindu tradition the odd figure is preferred to the even. For instance donors give away 101,501,1001 rupees but never an even figure .

Delhi Gate, Agra Fort This gateway of the Red Fort Agra is entirely in the traditional Rajput style. Like many other Rajput forts this too had elephant images flanking it. Emperors Kanishka and Ashok made use of this fort in the pre-Christian era. All its interior apartments too are of the exclusive Rajput variety. The version which ascribes authorship of this fort to Akbar, is a piece of court flattery. All its gateways have Hindu names. In addition to elephant images this fort had images of Rajput horses.

Anguri Bagh ,Agra fort

The Anguri bagh pavilion inside Agra fort proves that the geometrical pattern garden has Rajput origins. Note the arches, the pillars, the brackets, the cupola at the right, the curved ceiling partly visible adjoining the cupola, which are all Rajput characteristics.

Golden Pavilion, Agra fort

The cupola in the top left hand corner, the curved roof and the spikes on it vividly depicts that this Golden Pavilion in Agra’s Red Fort was built by the Rajputs for the Rajputs.

Diwan-I-Aam, Agra fort

The so called Diwan-I-Aam or hall of public audience inside Agar fort has neither domes nor minarets. Its graceful arches and slender pillars is still the pattern for Hindu pandals raised for auspicious ceremonies. Muslim tradition has always avoided such Hindu, ‘infidel’ patterns. Theirs are grotesque, tortuous shapes. The Red Fort in Delhi too has an identical pavilion.

Statue of Akbar’s HorseThis replica believed to be of Akbar’s horse is in fact an earlier Rajput horse. Akbar, a Muslim ordered no statues. Rajputs were known to erect elephant and horse statues. Those slyly attributing the construction of Agra Fort to Akbar had willy nilly also to thrust upon him the erection of ‘infidel’ statues.

Statue of Amar Singh’s Horse Outside Agra Fort

This horse head belongs to pre Muslim times. It commemorates a brave steed. There were ever so many Amar Singhs in Rajput history. The invented story that this replica is Moghul wrought and is of the horse on which Amar Singh galloped

away in a huff from the Moghul court takes for granted that the lay visitor has hardly the time or the necessary grounding in history to debunk such canards.

Tomb of Sadiq Khan

This truncated corner tower cum-bastion of a demolished Rajput palace standing in splendid isolation was later used to shelter Sadiq Khan’s corpse. That should not, however blind visitors to the fact that this monument was part of a Rajput palace. Its niches, the arched entrances and the upper floor all show that it was meant to be a place for the living.

Jahangiri Mahal, Agra fort

The entrance to the so-called Jahangiri Mahal inside Agra fort is of the typical Rajput design and workmanship. Usurpation and centuries of occupation resulted in Moghul names being given to earlier captured Rajput buildings. Gullible Western Scholars lacking indigenous insight perpetuated the myth of Muslim authorship of buildings misled by their names and latest associations. They hardly cared whether a building was attributed to a Fakirchand or a Fakir Mohammad.

Jama Masjid,AgraAll so called mediaeval Jama Masjids in India were earlier main (Jama) temples of the town. This so called Jama Masjid in the centre of Agra was a Rajput citadel with ladies apartments and an underground passage to the fort. It has a huge basement too.The inscription crediting its construction to Jahanara Begum is an interpolation.Jahanara an unmarried lady who spent her sorrowing life in the smothering confines of the Muslims purdah nursing her imprisoned and deposed father Shahjahan, had hardly any money left with her. Even for two square meals a day she was at the mercy of her wily and hardhearted brother Aurangzeb.

Salim Chisti Tomb,Fatehpur Sikri

This so-called Salim Chisti tomb in Fatehpur Sikri is clearly an ornate Rajput temple. Note the two round stone flower emblems on either side of the arch, and the curving brackets. In the right background is the typical Rajput gateway capped by cupolas. The lotus shaped fountain base in the foreground tank is also reminiscent of Rajput ownership. This ornamental pillar Pillar supporting Akbar’s Throne in Diwan-I-Khas with a narrow circular perch on top approached by four stone-slab bridges in Fatehpur Sikri could as well have been a royal Rajput bathroom while concocted Akbar legends claim it to be a throne room. But throne rooms in Akbar’s time were not as tiny as a Pigeon house.

Hiran Minar,Fatehpur Sikri

This so called Hiran Minar infront of the Hathi Pol gate of Fatehpur Sikri is falsely calimed to mark the burial of a pet deer(Hiran) of Akbar .We ask whether th edeer had whispered a dying wish in Akbar’s ear to be commemorated with a fat Hindu temple lamp post? The bristles were used to support oil lamps Such pillars are common infront of Hindu Temples and palaces.The spiralling staircase inside leading to the cupola on top remins one of the so called Kutub Minar in Delhi which have proved to be of Hindu origin.This tower was known as ‘Hiranmaya’ since it sparkled like gold when it bristled with flames of hundreds of lamps hung on it. That Sanskrit word has been deftly twisted to be stuffed into the concocted Akbar legend.

Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri

This towering gateway in Fatehpur Sikri is currently known to us as Buland Darwaza.It is a typical Rajput Township. The stone flower emblems flanking the arch are an unmistakable sign of its Hindu origin. The three big cupolas and the 13 tiny ones in front in a row on the terrace front are of the exclusive Rajput design. The slender pillars spiked at the top were used for hoisting flags. Such pillars are a part of almost all-mediaeval Rajput monuments. The stone flower emblems are invariably present on all Hindu homes and temples of the orthodox design, while they never exist on genuine mosques.Itmad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb

This interior mural decoration in the so called Itmad-ud-Daulah tomb ,Agra is no different from that found the pre-Muslim Ambar palace in Jaipur,which proves that the building was an earlier Rajput palace.

So-called Akbar’s Mausoleum at Sikandra

Every arch, supporting brackets and capping cupola of this mansion consisting of pile upon pile of pavilions proves to the hilt that it was a Rajput palace. Euphemistically called Sikandra ever since Sikandar Lodi a Pathan ruler lived in it, this mansion six miles to the north of Agra is known to posterity as Akbar’s tomb. Akbar lay ill and died here.

Gateway Sikandra

This is the majestic gateway to Sikandra Palace. The mansion inside was turned into a tomb after Akbar’s death. It was built by the Rajputs centuries before Muslim invaders launched on a career of vandalism and usurpation. The four towers rising above the gateway are replicas of the Taj Mahal towers. The mosaic flooring of the mansion has the esoteric Hindu Shakti-Chakra (interlocked triangles) inlaid in it by the dozen. Muslim funeral rites admit of no such design.

Salabat Khan’s Mausoleum,Agra

This Salabat Khan’s mausoleum is a truncated Rajput pavilion allotted to Khan for his residence.On his death he was buried there.

Ganesh Pol Ambar Palace,Jaipur

It was built around 984 A.D.,it had obviously no Muslim influence. the gates of all extant mediaeval monuments in India are similar to the Ganesh Pol. Gates of Mosques and tombs in west Asian countries are also of identical design. This proves that far from Indian mediaeval monuments having being designed or ordered by Muslim potentates and craftsmen, it was West Asian monuments, which were designed and executed by Indian technicians as recorded by Mohammed Ghazni and Taimurlang. Incidentally it may also be pointed out that the recorded fact of Mohammed Ghazni having been buried in his own palace in Ghazni(1030 A.D.) also proves that all so called Muslim tombs whether in India or in West Asian countries are usurped palaces which they occupied during their life times.Shish Mahal Ambar

This Shish Mahal inside the Ambar fortress in Jaipur was built (about 984 .A.D.) centuries before the founding of Muslim Kingdoms in India. Its ornate inlay work is no different from that in what are believed to be mediaeval Muslim mosques and tombs. It proves two things; firstly that the so-called tombs and mosques were of Rajput origin and secondly that they were intended for the living not for the dead.

Palace Garden Ambar

This pavilion and the garden in the Ambar Palace with its spiked and curved roof, the graceful Hindu arch and the geometrical design in the foreground is typical of all mediaeval buildings. Ambar which lies three miles away from modern Jaipur, was founded not later than 984 A.D. That was much before alien Muslims established their principalities in India. Readers not acquainted with legal procedure might then ask as to whether there is any documentary evidence available to prove that the fort was built by the Hindus in the pre-christian era. The answer to this is that the immense Hindu evidence that existed in the form of Hindu idols, inscriptions and documents in the archives of ancient Hindu kings was all looted and destroyed when Mohammad Ghazni first raided the red fort in the early part of the 11th century and again when the fort remained under continued Muslim occupation from 1526 to about 1760 A.D. If the owner of a building is forced out of his mansion and the aggressor remains in occupation for several centuries will the owner find his record intact on obtaining possession of his mansion after several centuries? There is thus a valid reason why Hindus are not in a position to produce any documentary evidence with regard to the Hindu origin of fort. Even then we maintain that if a systematic archaeological excavation is undertaken inside the fort and if its dingy cellars and basements are opened and scoured they may still reveal Sanskrit inscriptions and idols smashed and buried by Muslim occupiers. In fact whatever little and excavation has been made has resulted in the recovery of horse and elepahnt statues. Yet taking things as they stand any court of law will uphold the plea that Hindus have a valid reason for not being able to produce any documentary proof.

The court will then ask the Anglo-Muslim school to produce its documents. That school too has not got even a shred of a document to prove that any one ot more Muslim rulers built or rebuilt the fort. A hazy mention to that effect in a court flatterer’s chronicler is no documentary proof. It is like you or we noting in our diaries that we built the Houses of Parliament in London.

There is no valid reason why Anglo-Muslim school should not be able to produce even a single document pertaining to the Muslim claims to the fort. Had the claims been true such documents should have been available in plenty because when the British deposed the Mogul emperor they preserved and carefully classified all the documents they seized form the mogul archives. Those records contain hardly anything but letters.When the Anglo-Muslim school is unable to produce even a single document in support of its claim any law court would draw an a priori adverse inference. Even then we claim no special advantage form this fundamental weakness in the case of the respondent Anglo-Muslim school. In ordinary life there are very many occasions when documents are not available on either side and yet there is overwhelming circumstantial evidence on the basis of which the court can come to a clear judgement over the rival claims.Its is such circumstantial evidence which we propose to lay before the bar and bench of learned public opinion:1. According to the British historian Keene, Agra fort has been in existence from the pre-Christian era. Ancient Hindu

kings like Ashok (3rd Century B.C.) and Kanishka (1st Century B.C.) had lived in that fort.2. That same fort is again referred to by the Persian poet-historian Salman,in the 11 th century A.D.. Early in that century

when the Hindu king Jaipal ruled over Agra. The fort suffered its first Muslim raid under the invader Mahmud of Ghazni.

3. Thereafter some chauvinistic Islamic accounts vaguely claim that the Muslim sultan Sikandar Lodi demolished the Hindu fort. That claim has been found to be baseless.

4. A few years later another vague claim is made by some other mediaeval Muslim faltterers that sultan Salim Shah Sur either destroyed the Hindu fort or Sikandar Lodi’s fort and built his own fort at exactly the same place or some other place.Even the claim has been found to be fraudulent because no trace is found of the fort that Salim Shah Sur is said to have built. Muslim history is replete with such fraudulent claims, according to the late British historian Sir H.M.Elliot.

5. The claim that Akbar built the fort is also found to be baseless because while he is said to have demolished the fort in 1565 A.D., a murderer Adham Khan being thrown from the terrace of a palace-apartment inside the fort in 1566 A.D. is emphatic proof that the claim made on behalf of Akbar is as fraudulent as those made on behalf of two other Muslim sultans earlier. In fact it is also pointed out that not a single building of Akbar’s time exists in the fort.

6. Akbar’s son Jahangir is said to have perhaps built a palace inside the fort here or there demolishing his own father’s palace but even that conjecture is found to be based on mere fancy or on some idle engravings.

7. Jahangir’s son Shahjahan is said to have demolished 500 buildings inside the fort and erected 500 others. On the very face of it this claim is absurd. No one will merely for fun of it destroy 500 palatial mansions built by one’s father or grandfather. Such demolition itself will occupy a lifetime. Moreover it must also be remembered that Shahjahan is credited with building the fabulous Taj Mahal in Agra, a whole new township of Delhi, also the Red fort in Delhi, The Jama Masjid in Delhi and perhaps many other buildings. Not only are there no court records of any building activity but even inscriptions do not substantiate any building claim. We wish to alert visitors not to be misled by the appearance of Arabic or Persian lettering on mediaeval buildings. All such lettering is mostly of Koranic extracts or the name of Allah. Those inscriptions are seldom temporal. In a few instances where there are temporal inscriptions they usually bear the name of the engraver or of the person buried and some irrelevant matter. For instance nowhere on the Taj Mahal has it been mentioned that the Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan.We therefore wonder how the whole world had been duped for 300 long years into believing that the Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan. Similar is the case

with Red fort in Agra. No where is it said that Akbar or his son Jahangir or the latter’s son Shahjahan built anything there.In this connection we also want to alert visitors to mediaeval buildings and students and scholars of history not to believe in translations of Arabic and Persian inscriptions presented readymade to them through earlier books. We have found in very many instances that they have been distorted in translation. For instance on the Taj Mahal the inscriber has carved his name as Amanat Khan Shirazi (an insignificant slave of the emperor Shahjahan). Anglo-Muslim accounts have boosted this inscriber of letters as one of the great wonder architects of the world. Similarly on Fatehpur Sikri where a building is said to have been graced (by his presence) by Salim Chisti it is merrily ascribed to him.

8.We therefore advise all students of history never to take for granted the translation of Muslim inscriptions provided heretofore but get them translated de novo whenever one has to make use of them. The whole question of the translation and interpretation of Muslim inscriptions not only in India but throughout the world must be reopened and gone through thoroughly, for much wishful thinking has gone into presenting them in translations to non-Muslims. In fact it would be very educative to have an encyclopaedia for all Muslim inscriptions and the misleading translations and interpretations they have been subjected to heretofore. As an instance of a great snare in the study of mediaeval history such exposure will be of immense educative value in warning future researchers and students of history.

9.Once the hurdle of a false Muslim claim made on Akbar’s behalf is got over we find that the fort that we see today in Agra is the same which was owned by ancient Hindu kings like Ashok and Kanishka .After Akbar there is no serious claim made on behalf of any Muslim ruler as the author of the fort. That means that the fort that we see in Agra city today is the ancient Hindu ochre fort a colour so dear to Hindus. In fact ochre is the colour of Hindu flag- a colour for which and under which they have fought for their national and cultural existence and identity –a colour which has inspired them to great deeds of valour, sacrifice, bravery, chivalry, gallantry and glory. Can that ochre colour be ever owned by Muslims? It goes against all history and tradition.10. Despite several centuries of Muslim occupation and canards of Muslim authorship all the fort’s Hindu associations are intact. This is something remarkable.11. The two thousand year history of the fort that Keene traces turns out to be authentic. The slight hitch and

doubt that he encounters gets explained away by his own very intelligent footnote that the incident of a murderer having been flung from the terrace of the palace inside the fort could not be possible if the fort had been destroyed a year earlier.

12. The lack of any coherence in the dates of starting the forts construction and its completion is proof of the fact that the world has been buffed about the Muslim origin of the fort.

13. Muslim accounts are unable to explain the name of any apartment, as to who built it ,when was it built ,what for it was built, what its cost was and why it has an Hindu aura about it ? This is because the fort did not originally belong to the invaders from Arabia ,Iran ,Turkey, Afghanistan, Khazasstan and Uzbekstan. They were mere intruders ,conquereors,usurpers.I

14. All this discussion should convince the reader that the Red Fort in Agra is of hoary Hindu antiquity and is at least 2200 years old.

The great Kshatriya community pride to defend their faith and the culture of our country against foreign invasions in converting the monuments by the foreign invaders require a sacrifice magnanimity an moral purity in the exposure of the truth to the public and thereby to safeguard their right of freedom of information couched under Article 19(1) (a) is the theme behind the writing this Article .The serene beauty, majesty and grandeur of the Taj Mahal, one of the seventh wonders of the world is not so well known regarding the true story of its origin. The magnificent palace which was built earlier got converted into the Tomb .The changeover has proved a shroud deluding from lay visitors to the researchers and the great historian Sri P.N.Oak, a co-worker of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. The popular nostalgia of legendary love to get the conversion of every Hindu Palace/Temple due to mythical attachment from fanatic raging fire converting dazzle of leaping flames and blinding smoke should be discouraged into a cool research regarding the origin. This is required to check a different form of terrorism prevalent amongst the crusader of the death to the innocent victim on the psychological level. Let us examine the scared truth about the origin of the monuments. The meticulous inquiry into the matter through the coherent and authentic account .The exposure of the falsehood is always reconcilable with the historical event and thus the burden of proof is always lying upon the individual denying the existing facts. The onus will be shifted upon the authority when inconsistent anomalous and contradictory versions about the origin of Taj Mahal may be scientifically tested upon the yardstick of the truth. Let us begin with Badshahnama, a Shahjahan’s chronicle which discloses that the cost of scaffolding exceeded that of the entire work done regarding Mausoleun. Mr Narul Hasan Siddiqui book that a Hindu Palace was commandeered to bury Mumtaz in which Shahjahan’s fifth generation ancestor Barbar lived in Tejo Mahalaya. All these facts are to be examined through the scientific methods in order to expose the false propaganda that the Mogul invaders have not given any contribution for building the monuments. We may further examine that the mythical indo Saracen architecture medieval mosques and tombs in India were built or conquered and misused by the invaders the number of such monuments may include Mohammed Ghaus ‘s tomb in Gwalior,Salim Chisti mausoleun in Ftahepur Sikri,Nizzamuddin Kabar in Delhi ,Moinuddin Chisti’s Makbara in Ajmer ,Red fort Shicundera Etamatudaula at Agra, Jama Masjid ,Red fort Delhi, Kutub Minar in Delhi and Sufdarjung. The disputed site of Lord Krishna temple Mathura and Vishwanath Temple at Varanasi may also be examined not only to resolve the controversy but also to curve out the animosity among the citizen in India on the ground of the religion. The extract of Badshahnama may be examined after getting them translated form Persian passage in the English rendering. On page number 403 of Badshahnama it is admitted in verse 26 to 33 that Huzurat Mumtazul Zamani whose sacred dead body was buried in Burhanpur in a garden was brought from 600 miles after six months and transported to Agra(Akbarabad). In the south of the great city there was a palace of Raja Maan Singh which was owned by Raja Jay Singh known as Tejo Mahalaya(The temple of Lord Shiva /Teji ji) And this place was selected burial of the Queen for which the great ancestral heritage ,religious sanctity was associated with Raja Jai Singh who was compensated by offering the government land.Thus a palace was converted in a dome, handy readymade Mausoleun.The authority of Badshahnama is the first proof regarding the existence of the temple at the time when Huzurat Mumtazul Zamani was buried. The similar treatment were given to the different Hindu palaces and temples by converting them at as Mausoleun of Akbar at Secundara and Humayun in Delhi and the Vishnu temple to Kutub Minar by overbearing Muslim fanatic potentate specially when these monuments were constructed by Hindu Rulers.One great tragedy of Indian history has been that while Indians remained subdued and gagged under alien domination for over a millenium foreigners who wielded all power in India played great havoc with Indian history merrily destroying or distorting it at will either out of sheer cunning and cussedness or through their colossal ignorance and wanton barbarism.

In that process all mediaeval buildings which came under long Muslim occupation came to be misused as tombs or mosques. And in course of time, thanks to alien chauvinism, court flattery and fanatic cunning ,all ancient Hindu townships and building got ascribed to Muslim authorship. Thus with astounding historical naivete Ahmedabad was, by its sheer name, assumed to have been founded by Ahmedshah ,Tughlaqabad by Tughlaq Shah and Ferozabad by Ferozshah .If one is to be guided by such puerile logic and shallow historical scholarship then one will have to conclude that the city of Allahabad in the state of Uttar Pradesh must have been founded by the Muslim God Allah himself. This is with regard to mediaeval townships. But even for mediaeval buildings the same nonchalant, nondescript method is followed. Thus it is blatantly stated that if a building is known as Salimgarh it must have been built by or for Sheikh Salim Chisti (emperor Akbar’s fancied spiritual preceptor ) or Prince Salim (Akbar’s heir apparent)or some other Salim. Likewise if a building is called Jahangiri Mahal it is, by that very token insisted that it must have been built by Prince Salim after ascending the throne as Jahangir. Such superficial derivations and conclusions about authorship make nonsense of all historical research methodology.During nearly 1100 years of alien rule in India most of her history has been distorted or destroyed. All massive, majestic and alluring historic Hindu constructions in India ,from Kashmir to Cape Comorin ,have got ascribed to alien Muslim invaders such as Turks, Afghans,Iranians ,Arabs, Abyssinians and Moguls out of sheer usurpation or conquest. Such misappropriated constructions include forts, palaces, mansions, sera’s, roads, bridges, wells, canals and even road- side mile-pillars. Misuse of a colossal number of Hindu temples, palaces and mansions as tombs and mosque for several centuries has misled many generations of the publics, tourists, students and scholars of history all over the world into believing that those buildings were originally commissioned by the Muslims.The intelligentsia of Hindusthan has been somewhat slow in assimilating that finding is a measure of the havoc that history causes in the minds of a subject people by making it impervious even to logic and legal proof. While warrior -patriots like Rana Pratap and the great Chhatrapati Shivaji spill their purple blood to emancipate the land and its people should it not be the patriotic duty of historians to spill at least some blue-black ink for an academic re-conquest of occupied buildings falsely ascribed to alien conquerors?The so called Imambadas in Lucknow for instance are ancient Hindu places which are being merrily ascribed to this or that alien Muslim nawab who subjugated that part of Hindusthan.There was E.B.Havell,a great architect and one endowed with deep insight. Havell has debunked the claim that the Taj Mahal is the product of any non-Hindu architectural style. In discussing the architecture of the Taj Mahaland the claim of some historians that an Italian named Veroneo may have been its designer, Mr. Kanwar Lal quotes Mr.Havell thus: “So if Veroneo was so deeply versed in Indian craft tradition that he could design a lotus dome after the rules laid down in the Shilpa Shastras ,the dome itself ,built by Asiatic craftsmen would not have been his. The dome of Taj at Agra and the dome of Ibrahim’s tomb(in Bijapur) both are constructed on the same principles. They are nearly of the same dimensions, and a fact unnoticed by Fergusson and his followers , the contours of both correspond exactly, except that the lotus crown of the Taj at Agra tapers more finely and the lotus petals at the springing of the dome are inlaid instead of being sculptured. The Taj Mahal is, infact, exactly such a building as one would expect to be created in India …by a group of master builders inheriting the traditions of Buddhist and Hindu buildings. The plan which consists of a central dome chamber surrounded by four small domed chambers, follows the plan of an Indian pancharatna ,or “five jewelled” temple. Its prototype as have shown elsewhere is found in the Buddhist temple of Chandi Sewa in Java and in the sculptured stupa shrines of Ajanta. Neither Shahjahan nor his court builders, much less an obscure Italian adventurer can claim the whole merit of its achievements.How very clear is Mr.Havell in his assertion that the Taj Mahal is built in the ancient Indian, Hindu style and none of Shahjahan’s contemporaries could design or conceive of it. We regret that Mr.Havell was unaware of the admission in Shahjahan’s own official chronicle, The Badshahnama, that the Taj Mahal is an ancient Hindu mansion. Had that confession come to light in his time he would have rejoiced to find his architectural conclusion fully corroborated by history, and he would then have been acknowledged as an authority on Indian architecture far superior to Percy Brown or Fergusson.Like all other so called Muslim tombs i.e. Hindu buildings used by them first as residences and later as burial places the Taj Mahal too is not a single tomb but an ancient Hindu mansion reduced to an Islamic burial ground. Besides Mumtaz, Shahjahan himself lies buried by her side. But that is not all. There are two other graves in the same precincts.Mr Kanwar lal (P. 69 The Taj by Kanwar Lal ,ibid.) observes . “At the other end of the Jilokhana, towards the east there are again two buildings These are the tombs of Satunnisa (Khanam) who was a favourite attendant of Mumtaz Mahal and who was entrusted with the task of looking after the temporary tomb of Mumtaz Mahal at Burhanpur. Similar is the tomb of Sarhandi Begum, another of Shahjahan’s queens. The two structures are built exactly the alike.” The Satunnisa Khanam’s tomb consists of a high octagonal plinth, round a central octagonal mortuary chamber. That Taj is based on good authority, but the special assignment to her of this particular tomb has no better foundation than popular belief. That shows that like every other detail about the Taj Mahal legend even the Satunissa Khanam tomb is a concoction. All such tomb like mounds were erected in usurped Hindu mansions so that Hindus may not reclaim and re use those buildings. The Muslims knew of the Hindu weakness of not disturbing or reclaiming sepulchral sites. So, erecting false oblong grave like mounds was like posting a strong military contingent or planting a scarecrow, which cost practically nothing. It was a simple device a strategic totem to claim Hindu buildings for Islam and it worked admirably.It is sometimes innocently asked by history teachers that if the Taj Mahal had existed centuries before Shahjahan, how is it there are no earlier references to it. There are three answer to the question. Firstly, the Taj Mahal being then the palace and not the monument open for public inspection as it now is, used to be closely guarded. It was accessible only to the elite and then only on invitation or conquest. As such one cannot except the same prolific references to it as a tourist attraction that one comes across in these days of publicity and modern communications. The second answer is that ancient and mediaeval India teemed with mansions, palaces and temples of bewildering and bewitching variety, so much so that being all very spectacular, one could not be distinguished from another by mere description. Despite such very good reasons for not expecting any identifiable details in earlier records of what is at present known as Taj Mahal, luckily, Babur, the founder of the Moghul dynasty in India, who was the great great grandfather of emperor Shahjahan, has left us a disarming and unmistakable description of the Taj Mahal, if only we have the inclination and insight to grasp it. So our third answer to the question why no mention is found in earlier chronicles of the Taj Mahal and other buildings is that though many a time there is a clear mention of such buildings, our senses benumbed by traditional tutoring fail to grasp their significance. Such is the case with the Taj Mahal. The rampant corruption was prevalent during the Mogul time and there were large percentage of unauthorized profits of innumerable middle men thus there was no money to raise a cenotaph in the ground floor in octagonal chamber by covering them with costly mosaic stones to match with the palace flooring and barricading the hundred of rooms, ventilators staircases, doorways, balconies and corridor. There exist a seven-storey marble Tejo Mahalaya Hindu temple palace complex. The seven storey massive girth in its lofty gateways and arches necessitates the removal of stone

pitching and as such Badshahnama discloses the expenditure incurred in scaffolding of these Hindu complexes and in engraving the Koran on the walls of edifice. The great French merchant visitor Tavernier testimony too fully corroborates the aforesaid conclusion. Let us examine his testimony introduce in Maharashtreeya Jnyankosh. “Jean Baptiste Tavernier, a French jeweller, toured India for trade between 1641 and 1668 A.D. His travel account is mainly devoted to commerce. He used to sojourn at Surat and Agra (while in India). He visited all parts of India, including Bengal , Gujrat ,Punjab, Madras , Karnatak, etc. He owned a vehicle .He had to spend Rs. 600 for the cart and pair of bullocks. ‘The bullocks used to cover 40 miles a day for two months at a stretch. Four days were enough for the journey from Surat to Agra or Golcunda and the expense used to be between Rs. 40 and Rs.50. The roads were as good as Roman highways. European traveler’s felt inconvenienced in Hindu territories for want of meat, which was freely available in Muslim dominions. A good postal system was in vogue. Both the town –folk and the government used to provide protection against highway robbery’…is the kind of information Travernier has recorded (in his book titled Travels in India). Not being learned, he has not recorded much except where wealth and commerce was concerned. The other important piece of evidence arises from some chance digging conducted in the Garden in front of the marble edifice early in the year 1973 A.D.It so happened that the fountains developed some defect .It was therefore thought advisable to inspect the main pipe that lay imbedded underneath. When the ground was dug to that level some hollows were noticed going down to another five feet. Therefore the ground was dug to that depth. And to the utter surprise of all there lay at that depth another set of fountains hitherto unknown. What appeared more significant was that those fountains are aligned to the Taj Mahal, decisively indicating that the present building existed even before Shahjahan. Those hidden fountains could have been installed neither by Shahjahan not his successors, the British. Therefore they were of the pre-Shahjahan era . Since they were aligned to the Taj Mahal building it followed ipso facto that the building too pre-dated Shahjahan. This piece of evidence too therefore clinches the issue in favour of our conclusion that Shahjahan only commandeered an ancient Hindu temple –palace for Mumtaz’s burial.The archaeology officer who supervised that digging was Mr.R.S.Verma, a conservation assistant. This same official made another chance discovery. Once while strolling staff-in-hand on the terrace near the so-called mosque and the circular well on the western flank of the marble edifice. Mr. Verma detected a hollow sound coming from below the floor where his staff hit the terrace. He had a slab covering that spot removed and to his surprise that was an ancient opening, apparently sealed by Shahjahan, to a flight of about 50 steps reaching down into a dark corridor. The broad wall under the terrace was apparently hollow. From this it is clear that the corresponding spot on the eastern terrace also hides a similar staircase and corridor, at its bottom. And God only knows how many more such walls, apartments and stories lie sealed, hidden and unknown to the world. Thus also incidentally points to the sorry state of research with respect to the Taj Mahal. Nobody seems to have done neither any archaeological investigation in the grounds of the Taj Mahal nor conducted a diligent academic study of the whole issue. Apparently extraneous political and communal considerations have inhibited historians and archeologists from conducting any meaningful research into the origin of Taj Mahal. Such Academic cowardice is highly reprehensible. Naturally when chance alien visitors like Peter Mundy visit such sites undergoing extensive superficial changes his observing that “the building is begun….( and ) is prosecuted with extraordinary diligence “ is not wrong .He couldn’t visualise that some generations after him posterity would be bluffed into believing that the Taj Mahal complex was raised by Shahjahan himself .Travernier and Peter Mundy could not possibly visualize such a falsification of history and could not be more explicit. We ourselves visiting some building as chance visitors wouldn’t be more explicit. For instance if we were to visit Bombay or London at a time when somebody has acquired somebody else’s mansion and has enclosed it in massive scaffolding to renovate it for his own purpose we won’t dare or care to ask him how he acquired the building ,for how much, from whom ,what changes he proposed to make ,and spend how much over it .We would simply refer to it as his building. Such inquiries are all the more impossible when a wide hiatus of language, race, culture authority and wealth separates the two. Peter Mundy also fortunately records the object of the leveling up of the hillocks. The hillocks were removed , he says, ”because they might not hinder the prospect “ of the mausoleum .The very fact that within a couple of years of Mumtaz’s death the hillocks were leveled to afford a glimpse of the mausoleum clearly indicates that the Taj building complex already existed .All that was necessary was to level some of the hillocks and make the building visible from a distance. In fact the very object of the ancient Hindu builders of the Taj raising those hillocks seems from Mundy’s noting, to prevent the tempting Taj to be the target of a malicious enemy’s attack. Since Shahjahan was converting it into a tomb open to all and sundry, he no longer had the need to keep it out of the gaze of enmical people. Waldemar Hansen notes on pages 181-182 of his book (titled “The Peacock Throne” ,published by Holt ,Rhinehart and Winston ) that “Even as early as 1632 on the first anniversary of Mumtaz Mahal’s death ,the courtyard of the mausoleum in progress had been adorned with superb tents, with the entire court assembled to pay homage- princes of the royal blood ,grandees and an assemblage of religious scholars including sheikhs, ulemas and hafizes who knew the whole Koran by heart. Shahjahan had graced the event with his presence, and as the empress’s father Asaf Khan was present by imperial request, a great banquet was spread before the then nascent tomb and guests partook of a variety of foods, sweetmeats and fruits. Verses from the Koran filled the air, prayers were offered for the soul of the dead and a hundred thousand rupees went into charity. In later years on other anniversary days, Shahjahan attended memorials at the incomplete edifice whenever in Agra, formally accompanied by Jahanara and the harem .The ladies always occupied a central platform set up for the occasion, and remained concealed from the public gaze by kanats, screens of red cloth and velvet. Noblemen gathered under pitched tents. “The Mehtab garden is innundated and looks desolate. Its scenic beauty will reappear only when the floods recede”. That the rear portion of the building complex remains safe is a mystery. The stream keeping away from the rear wall has prevented damage.“On Saturday too I visited the spot and then I called on the Prince (Dara) who also paid me a return visit. Then taking leave of all I resumed my journey (to take charge as govrneor of the Deccan) on Sunday and today the 8 th instant I am in the vicinity of Dholpur…”Thus from Aurangzeb’s noting it is apparent that in 1652 A.D. itself the Taj Mahal building complex had become so ancient that it needed elaborate repairs. So what was carried out in 1652 A.D was not the completion of a new building but the repairs to an old building complex. Had The Taj Mahal been a building completed in 1653 it would not have fallen to the lot of a chance ,lone visitor like Aurangzeb to notice the defects and order repairs in 1652.The defects should have been noticed by the thousands of workmen and hundreds of court supervisors who were supposed to be building the Taj Mahal. And since such serious defects had been in fact noticed a year before completion all the tom-tomming of the “master –builders” of the Taj is utterly unjustified. The builders of the Taj were no doubt master-craftsmen but they were not Shahajahan’s contemporaries but Hindus of several centuries earlier. Similarly it was not Shahjahan who commissioned the Taj Mahal but some ancient Hindu king . Likewise the Taj did not come into being as an Islamic mausoleum but as Hindu temple –palace. The builders of the Taj Mahal –ancient secret revealed

“Tourists come from the world over to see Taj at Agra and all marvel at the genius of the architects that could plan and accomplish so lovely a “dream of marble”.

They were commissioned by the Mogul emperor Shahjahan to raise a mausoleum befitting his love for Mumtaz Mahal , his beloved consort ; and they created this Wonder of the world.“Yet, despite strenuous efforts to discover it , their identity had remained a mystery ;wild guesses as to their origin being foreign were abroad. Even Bernier (1642 A.D.) notes only a rumour that the architect was killed lest the secret of his art be revealed and a rival to Taj created.“But the secret has at long last been found in a manuscript book discovered lately in the library of Mr.Mehmud Khan of Bangalore. The glory of building the Taj belongs definitely to India,to a family of Lahore architect, Ahmad, the father ,and his three sons. The book is in Persian verses in the Persian character, its author being Lathfullah Maaahandis, himself one of the three son architects and it is almost 300 years old, falling within the last years of Shahjahan’s reign.“ It has been declared to be the only copy in the world, by the well-known authority on these matters , Syed Suleiman Sahib Nadvi,Principal ,Shibly Academy ,Azamgarh.“The book is in Mahandis’ own handwriting .As is noticed from different verses, the author was a staunch follower of Dara Shikoh , Shahjahan’s eldest son ,and when Aurangzeb finally came to power, after defeating Dara Shikoh, the author and his family suffered. He sent a petition to the emperor but as it was not heeded the family had to retire into seclusion and poverty.“It seems that the book was very secretly kept by the family in fear of Aurangzeb ,as it contained verses in praise of Dara Shikoh .The subsequent dates and writing on the last page show that the book was brought and kept in the library of the library of the historical personage Nawab Ebrahim Khann Hazbar Jung ,the famous Mahammedan general nick named Gardy ,who sided with the Maharatas in the battle of Panipat in 1761 against Ahmed Shah Abdali.The book has been in the family of the present owner for generations, but it was not noticed until Moulana Syed Suleiman Nadvi ,the well known historian, author and editor of the Moariff (the monthly journal of the Society of Authors and Shibly Academy, Azamgarh ,U.P.) Discovered it and, on information gleaned from it, read a lengthy Urdu paper on the builders of the Taj in Punjab University.“In the verses on two pages of the book described in the article, the author praises Shahjahan ,and speaks of his father Ahmed, the ‘Nadar–ul-Asar’ (the unique of the world ),as supreme master craftsman, geometer ,astronomer and prosateur .He was appointed court architect by Shahjahan’s Ryal Warrant ,and was the builder of the Taj Mahal at Agra and the Lal Quila (Red Fort) at Delhi. He died in 1649,two years after the Taj was built .The author his son and co-architect of the Taj learnt at his feet.” Article titled Some Facts About the Taj Mahal by Mohammed Din, published in The illustrated weekly of India dated December 30,1951.The article runs thus: “When The Taj Mahal was built, the many mechanical aids available today were unheard of; yet the extraordinary ingenuity employed in its construction and the high degree of engineering skill evidenced in its design make the mind pause.Not less remarkable were the talent and skill of the artisans employed. In translating this fabulous architectural dream into brick and mortar, and area 967 ft. long and 373 ft. wide was excavated to a depth of 44 ft. where sub-soil water was met .The whole excavated area was filled in mass with rubble stone in hydraulic lime to provide a common foundation for the three heavy structures, the Taj Mahal , Jamaet – Khana and one mosque which were to be raised close to one another. About 20,000 men were engaged on this work.“Over this foundation the plinth of the Taj Mahal , 313 ft. square and 8 ft. high, was built in stone with hydraulic lime mortar and marble stone casing. The casing was laid after the rubble masonry was raised to its designed height, then the marble facing was set.“The main engineering problem was to haul up the materials to the required height during the progress of the work. This was done by constructing wooden pillars of square timber posts bundled together and skillfully tied with top levels at different heights, and so spaced as to carry a strong platform 40 ft. wide and a spiral roadway with a slope of 1 in 20, to permit loaded mules and mule carts to run over it, and to hold dumps of materials for construction work. This spiral platform was continuous and ran all round the dome, and remained in position till the work was raised to its designed height of 240 ft. above ground level. Special engineers were engaged to build the scaffolding and platform, and 500 carpenters and 300 blacksmith were employed on this project alone. The total length of the spiral platform was about 4,800 ft. The mortar was hoisted by means of Persian wheels, which were fitted on the spiral platform. These were worked by bullocks and mules.“The materials for the massive work were brought from many distant places. The marble stone was obtained from Makrana in Rajputana ,for which about a thousand elephants were engaged. The maximum weight of a block of stone was about 2.5 tons, which is the safe carrying capacity of an elephant. A number of elephants were also engaged to work the pulleys.“The timber for scaffolding was brought from the Kashmir and Naini Tal areas. About 2000 camels and 1000 bullock carts were employed for carting bricks and light materials to the construction site and about 1000 mules for lifting the materials along the spiral platform.“The marble stone required for drum and dome was dressed on the ground and then lifted and laid in position by means of pulleys…“After the main dome and drum work was finished, work on annexes and subsidiary buildings was taken in hand and completed in the same manner.“There are four minarets at the four corners of the Taj Mahal …“The river Jumna was half a mile away from the structure. After the building was completed , the river was diverted artificially to flow alongside the Taj to add to the beauty of landscape.“Contemporary Muslim writers recorded the names of those who designed and constructed the Taj Mahal, and the names and quantities of precious stones used. It appears that Mohammed Isa Afandi, of turkey, was the chief designer and draftsman. Among the other foreigners employed on the construction, there were men from Arabia ,Persia, Syria ,Baghdad and Samarkand and there was at least one Frenchmen, Austin de Bordeaux, a goldsmith.The precious stones used included 540 pieces of cornelian from Baghdad, 670 turquoises from upper Tibet, 614 malachite’s from Russia ,559 onyxes from Deccan and 625 diamonds from Central India. The construction of Taj Mahal was begun in 1632 and was not completed till 1650.It is believed to have cost more than a crore and a half of rupees which in terms of the present value of money ,would be at ten times as much .Two thirds of this were contributed by the State office and one third by third by the State treasury of the province. The allocations of expenditures on different parts of the structure have been carefully recorded in documents which are still existent.“Shahjahan, magnificent in his kingship, was equally magnificent in his sorrows. This exquisite memorial of an emperor’s love was built by the sorrowing Shahjahan for his departed spouse. He manifestly designed it to go down in history to a worshipful posterity; three hundred years after, it is still acclaimed as one of the supreme achievements of the architect.

The measurement mentioned could of course always be taken from the erstwhile Hindu Temple palace, which stands before us today as the Taj Mahal, and stuffed into any post-mortem of the construction. The account of how the edifice was erected is apparently the result of an hind-sight post-mortem carried out by some contemporary architects, as far as they can visualize it .As for the 500 carpenters and 300 blacksmiths and such others employed, we have no special objection because that many would be easily absorbed in erecting even a scaffolding around the massive Hindu Temple palace, which the Taj Mahal is, to convert it into a Muslim tomb.The following conclusions emerge from what Emperor Shahjahan’s own court chronicler has recorded in the official history of the reign, Badshahnama :1.The Taj Mahal is a Hindu palace.2.It has around it a majestic and spacious garden.3.The huge building complex was obtained in exchange (if at all ) for almost a song, i.e. at best transferring to the owner an open plot of land. This too seems fishy because the location and the size of the plot of land are not mentioned. Most probably it was just a blatant expropriation effected by turning Jaisingh out of his wealthy ancestral palace. The detail that Jaisingh was compensated by gifting him on open plot of land is obviously a royal Islamic bluff to cover up the fact that Raja Jaisingh was blatantly robbed of his wealthy temple-palace.4.The Hindu palace had a dome.5.Mumtaz was buried, so they say, under that dome soon after her exhumed body was brought from Burhanpur to Agra, if at all.6.The estimated expenditure (to transform the Hindu Palace into a Muslim tomb ) was Rs.40 lakhs .(the actual expenditure is unknown ).7.Of the above sum , Rs.5 lakhs was spent on the grave and cenotaph and the balance of Rs 35 lakhs on the scaffolding and the Koranic engravings.8.Designer or architects are out of the picture, since the Taj Mahal was never raised by Shahjahan.9.The Hindu palace was known as Mansingh’s palace during Emperor Shahjahan’s time though it was in the occupation of his grandson Jaisingh. The above account being fairly plausible fits with the truth that the Taj Mahal is an ancient Hindu palace commandeered for conversion into a Muslim tomb.In spite of this fundamental vagueness we would have accepted the duration of the period during which the Taj Mahal was a building if there had been any consensus about it among historians. Unfortunately, there is none .See how many versions are there:1.The Maharashtreeya Jnyankosh quoted (Pp. 35-36 ,Maharashtreeya Jnyankosh ,ibid,Vol. 15) says that the “construction commenced in 1631 A.D. and ended in January 1643 A.D.”That gives a period of a little less than 12 years .2.The encyclopaedia Britannica (P. 758, Encyclopaedia Britannica ,1964 Ed.,Vol. 21) says “the building was commenced in 1632.More than 20,000 workmen were employed daily to complete the mausoleum building itself by 1643,although the whole Taj complex took 22 years to complete .Unlike the first encyclopaedia ,the latter gives us two separate periods :one of 10 to 11 years and the other of 22 years. About this latter period of 22 years we would also like to know why the mausoleum needed a building complex containing stables and guard and guest rooms was Mumtaz still supposed to go riding, casting away the burqa and escorted by large cavalry contingents? Was she also expected to receive guests?3.Tavernier’s account runs completely counter to all Muslim versions, which form the basis of the encyclopedic accounts quoted above. The Encyclopaedia Britannica account is actually as amalgam of the Tavernier and Muslim accounts in as much as it borrows the figure of 20,000.workmen and 22 years from Tavernier while deftly weaving in it the 11or 12 year period fancied in Muslim accounts.Tavernier (PP.109-111, Travels in India, ibid.) says he witnessed the commencement and accomplishment of this great work on which they expended 22 years during which 20,000 men worked incessantly .The cost of it has been enormous. The scaffolding alone cost more than the entire work…”Even presuming that Tavernier arrived in Agra in 1641, and the work began soon after his arrival there, it should have lasted from 1641 to 1663.But Shahjahan was deposed and imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb in 1658 .How then could the work of the Mumtaz mausoleum proceed until 1663,i.e. five years after his losing control of state affairs ? And if, in fact, It did, what are we to make some Muslim accounts, which claim that the work had ended in 1643? Then again, is the problem of the commencement of the construction still remains hanging in air.4.Mr.Mohammed Din’s article (The Illustrated weekly of India dated Dec 30,1951.) asserts “the construction of the Taj Mahal was begun in 1632 and was not completed till 1650”.Mr.Mohammed Din seems to be sure only of the date when the building commenced .If we take 1632 as the year of commenced then what are we to make of Tavernier’s assertion that work started in his presence ? 5.Yet another version estimates the Taj Mahal to have been under construction for 17 years .This is from Mr.Arora’s book (P. 10 City of Taj by R.C.Arora ,printed at the Hiberninan Press,15 Portuguese Church Street ,Calcutta). He says “Shahjahan commenced building the Taj in 1631,the fourth year his accession .The splendid mausoleum was completed in 1648.It is not even certain that Mumtaz died in 1630.Even assuming that she died in 1630 she perhaps died towards the close of that year. In such a case is it possible for the emperor to make a decision to build a dreamland monument, have a huge amount sanctioned for it, broadcast his scheme to distant lands, have artists prepare plans have them sent to Shahjahan, from among which, we are told ,he selected one ,have a wooden model constructed ,the necessary workmen collected, the bewildering variety of material ordered and construction begun all by 1630? 6. A like version is also found in The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer(P. 19 ,Vol II). It states: “the beautiful Taj Mahal (built 1630-1648) probably the most noted mausoleum in the world.. etc .etc. All the arguments repeated above apply to this Gazetteer version too, namely, that since we are not even sure whether Mumtaz died in 1630, how could calling for mausoleum plans, selecting one, ordering the building material etc. all be done just in one year?Since bricks (and timber) are generally bought and used soon after being marketed (and are not stored for generations like diamonds, bullion and ornaments) thermoluminescence is very helpful in determining the age of a brick-structure fairly accurately. The carbon – C14 test is applicable to anything, which had been part of a living organism such as piece of bone or timber. A living tree continues to breathe in carbon di oxide while alive.But once it is dead the breathing in stops and the dead piece continues to lose its carbon di oxide (including C14) content at a known rate.The report published in the Itihas Patrika (a quarterly journal,Vol 4 No. 4 dated 31 December 1984,THANA)is produced hereunder….Sample 1“Wood piece from door at North (east) end of Taj Mahal at beach level fronting on Jumna River.“Age 1359+ - 89 A.D. Thus there is a 67% probability that the age of the sample lies between 1448 and 1270 A.D. Submitted by Evan T.Williams Professor of chemistry

City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn,N.Y.,11210

The Taj Mahal originated as a temple -The inscription in Sanskrit has 34 stanzas of which stanzas 25,26 and 34 being relevant to our topic are reproduced as translation. Translated, these means :”He (King Parmardi Dev or on his behalf his minister Salakshan ) raised a palace which had inside it the idol of Lord Vishnu whose feet the king used to touch with his (bowed ) head.“Similarly the King also had constructed this temple,(dedicated) to the God who bears the crescent on His (fore)head, made of crystal white stone. Consecrated in that (magnificent) temple the lord (was so pleased that He) never thought of repairing to His (Himalayan ) abode on mount Kailas. The inscription found at Mauja Bateshwar,near Agra is at present in the Lucknow Museum.It is of the King Paramardi Dev dated Vikram Samvat 1212,Ashwin(month),5th day of the bright lunar fortnight. It has in all 34 stanzas which describe the origin of the Chandratreya (regal) dynasty and its important rulers. The inscription was found embedded in a mound at Bateshwar .It was later deposited in the Lucknow Museum by General Cunnigham, where it still is.The two beautiful marble temples which King Paramardi Dev had raised, one for Lord Vishnu and the other for Lord Shiva were subsequently desecrated during Muslim invasions .Some clever(farsighted)person has this inscription ,concerning these temples,buried in a mound. It remained buried for many years until1900 A.D. when during excavations it was discovered by General Cunnigham. The Shiva (Chandramauleeshwar) temple is obviuosly the Taj Mahal for the following reasons:1.It is of crystal white marble as mentioned in the inscription .2.Its pinnacle and entrance arches bear the trident (trishul) which is an exclusive emblem of Chandramauleeshwar.3.The edifice is said to have been of such captivating beauty that the Lord (Shiva) Chandramauleeshwar never again thought of returning to his Himalayan abode of Kailas.4.The Taj Mahal garden included plants and tress all sacred to Hindus. Among them is the Bel and Harshringar ,the leaves and flowers of which are considered a necessity for the worship of lord Shiva.5.The central Chamber of the Taj Mahal which is now believed to contain the cenotaphs of emperor Shahjahan and his wife Arjumand Banu Begum has around it ten quadrangular chambers providing a perambulatory passage for devotees as is the Hindu custom.6.As the devotee passes through each of those rooms, ventilators provide him a view of the centre of the octagonal central chamber where the emblem of Lord Chandramauleeshwar was consecrated.7. The high dome of the Taj Mahal central chamber with its reverberative effect provided the proper gimmick to produce the ecstatic din that accompanies the worship of Lord Shiva when he is supposed to perform the cosmic(Tandava Nritya) dance amidst the blowing of conches, beating of drums and tolling of bells.8.The high dome is also a common feature of Shiva temples to enable the hanging of a pitcher for water to drip over the emblem of Lord Shiva. The chain which held the pitcher still remains suspended from the centre of the dome.9.Silver doors and gold railings mentioned as fixtures of the Taj Mahal are a common feature of Hindu temples surviving even to our own day .Had the gold railing, fancied to have been provided for Mumtaz’s tomb, been subsequently removed one should have seen holes in the mosaic flooring for the props which supported the railing. There are no such holes. That means that it was Shahjahan who removed the gold railing of the ancient Hindu Shiva temple and carried it away to the treasury, before using the location of the Hindu idol to graft an Islamic cenotaph. Visitors may also notice there an ancient Hindu colour sketch of eight directional pointers,16 cobras,32 tridents and 64 lotus buds all Hindu motifs in multiples of eight That design is sketched in the concave domed ceiling of the octagonal central chamber, which anyone standing close to Mumtaz’s cenotaph may look up and see.10.Guides at the Taj Mahal still mention a tradition of a drop of rainwater dropping from the high dome top on the cenotaph within. This obviously is a remnant of the past memories of the water dripping on the emblem of Lord Shiva from the pitcher.11.Tavernier mentions the six courts in the Taj Mahal building complex where a bazar used to be held.It is common knowledge that in Hindu tradition bazars and fairs are invariably held around temples which constitute the focal points of Hindu life.12.The trident(trishul) which is Lord Shiva’s exclusive weapon is also inlaid at the apex of the Taj Mahal’s marble entrance arches on all four sides It is in red and white lines exactly as some Hindus wear in colour on their foreheads. Its being installed there at the apex of the entrance arches clearly proves that it is an unmistakable Shiva temple.13.A full length design of the entire trident pinnacle as it towers above the dome, has been inlaid in the red stone yard to the right of the Taj Mahal as we stand facing the marble edifice. This again proves its Hindu origin since it has been a tradition in Hindu architecture to inscribe the basic scale used in the construction of every building ,somewhere in the premises. In the case of Taj Mahal the length of its trident pinnacle may be the basic scale used in raising the Shiva temple.14.The ‘Taj Mahal itself is far from Persian .It is a corrupt from of the Sanskrit term “Tejo Maha Alaya meaning Resplendent Shrine “It was known as resplendent shrine because it reflects a dazzling sheen in sunlight and moonlight. That name also attaches to it because Lord Shiva’s third eye is said to emit a jet of lustre i.e. teja.The tarditional conjecture that the term Taj Mahal derives from the name of Mumtaz Mahal porves baseless on closer scrutiny.15. Apparently Akbar did not dispossess the Jaipur royal family of the Taj Mahal because the Jaipur family was his strongest Hindu ally and its scion ,Bhagwandas and Mansingh were his most trusted generals. They were also in laws of the Mogul rulers.That after Humayun’s defeat the Taj Mahal passed into the hands of the Jaipur royal family is apparent from Emperor Sahhajahan’s chronicle which admits having commandeered The Taj Mahal from Jai Singh ,the then head of the Jaipur royal family.16.Besides the trident pinnacle, there are other Hindu symbols in the Taj namely the conch, the lotus and the sacred Hindu chant “OM” in Devanagiri character.Visitors to the Taj may notice the letter “om” woven in bold relief in embossed flower –designs on the interior marble walls. As one stands poised at the top of the stairs leading to the basement (to se what they call the ‘real graves’ ) one may see on the walls around the upper marble cenotaph chamber ,at chest level, the esoteric sacred Hindu letter ‘om’ woven into embossed marble flower pattern. Pink lotus patterns on the border of the grilled panels that enclose the cenotaph may also be noticed.

A peacock Throne could never have been ordered by fanatic mediaeval Muslim rulers surrounded by even more fanatic maulvis. Throughout their millennium long rule in India their one penchant was to break images not to make them.The peacock Throne could only be a piece of Hindu Palace furniture because traditionally a Hindu throne must have the effigy of some bird or animal known for its splendor or valour. In Hindu terminology the very term for a throne is a “Lion Seat (Simhasan).”

Hardly had the project begun, than we are told that by 1635 Shahjahan had amassed such a plethora of gems and bullion, within seven years of his accession that he did not know what to do with them. He therefore had a fabulous Peacock Throne ordered.According to Shahjahan’s court chronicler (PP. 45-46,ibid.),it appears that the peacock Throne was “three yards long, two and a half yards broad, yards high and set with jewels worth 86 lakh rupees. The canopy had 12 emerald columns. On top of each pillar were two peacocks thick –set with rubies ,diamonds, emeralds and pearls. The throne cost ten million rupees”.“The marble screen enclosing an octagonal area in the centre of the cenotaph chamber was, according to the Badshahnama placed here in 1642 by Shahjahan …According, however ,to competent authority the screen was placed here by Aurangzeb after he laid his father’s remains there.“The basement rooms are centrally situated as a line of 14 rooms along the face of the Great Basement, under its terrace; and each of them is connected by a doorway with as inner lobby running east and west along their entire length. From each end of the lobby a staircase ascends to the terrace of the Great Basement ,where its entrance closed by red sandstone slabs, lay unsuspected until discovered a few years ago, the clue being given by a small window overlooking the river in each of the two easternmost rooms. The rooms, once frescoed and otherwise decorated being now in darkness and infested by bats , cannot be explored without a torch or lamp. Whether they originally opened on to a ghat and gave admittance to the Taj from the river; or being provided with windows, were used as cool resorts during the heat of the day, cannot now be decided”.In the Agra Fort gallery, facing the Taj, is a tiny glass piece embedded in the wall to mirror the Taj Mahal. Originators of the Taj legend have conveniently annexed the device to add to the mesmeric effect of the myth. Embedding tiny, round glass reflectors by their thousands in arched recesses of palaces and in women’s dresses is a very common and widespread Rajput practice. Such glass reflectors can still be seen fixed in numerous ancient palaces in Rajasthan, and continue to be used for decoration in Rajput women’s dresses. Saracenic architecture, if there be any such,should rather believe in “purdah “ i.e. shrouding or hiding and would never think of glass reflectors.Mirror –pieces decorated the royal apartments in Agra fort because it was a Hindu fort.Moreoever Shahjahan was never permitted access during interment to that part of the fort which overlooks the Taj. It is, therefore absurd to argue that during detention he consoled himself by catching glimpses of the Taj in the tiny glass piece. A further absurdity and inconsistency is ; would an old monarch, bent with age, stand up all the time to strain his bedimmed vision, and peer into a tiny glass piece with his back to the Taj to catch a fleeting, reflected glimpse of the Taj when he could as well have a clear ,full, straight and direct view of it seated comfortably facing the monument? And would not such a stance give him a pain in the neck? This is yet another instance of how students of history ,archaeologists and lay visitors have never bothered or cared to take stock of the loose bits of the Taj legend, and tried to rearrange them to find out whether they add up to at least a coherent and cogent account, even if fictitious.In addition to its sculptural splendor, the Taj is also believed to have had gem studded marble screens, gold railing and silver doors. Readers can well add up to the cost of all these. It will amount to a fabulous, astronomical sum. Perhaps even all the Mogul emperors together could not have invested that much on a single monument.Had the Taj been an original tomb, Shahjahan would never have allowed Indian flora to form the dominant feature of the tapestry design inside the mausoleum of his wife. It is idle to argue that because the workmen employed on the Taj happened to be Hindus their motifs got incorporated in the Taj design. It must be remembered that it is the person who pays the piper that calls the tune. Moreover when it is a question of the peace of departed soul, symbols and motifs of a detested religion would never have been allowed to be incorporated in the ornamental patterns of the Taj. In fact the whole idea of having such a luxurious tomb built and having decorative patterns made inside it is frowned upon in Islamic religion and tradition. But Shahjahan had no alternative but to put up with them since he had taken over a ready made “heathen” monument.We have cited five direct proofs to establish that the Taj is an ancient Hindu palace.These are:1.Shahjahan’s own court chronicler Mulla Abdul Hamid’s admission.2.Mr.Nurul Hasan Siddiqui’s book, The City of Taj, reiterates the same position.3.Tavernier’s testimony too establishes that a lofty palace had been obtained, and that it was a world tourist attraction even before Mumtaz’s burial.4.Emperor Shahjahan’s great great grandfather Babur’s Memoirs refer to the Taj Mahal 104 years before Mumtaz’s death whose tomb the Taj is supposed to be.5.The Encyclopaedia Britannica has been quoted to show that the Taj Mahal building complex comprises guest rooms, guard rooms and stables. These are all adjuncts of a temple palace but never of a tomb.In addition to the above we have ,in the foregoing pages,advanced many other proofs as follows:6.The very name Taj Mahal means a crown palace or a resplendent shrine (Tejo Maha Alaya) and not a tomb .7.Shahjahan’s reign was as full of turmoil and warfare as that of most other Muslim rulers of India. He could not therefore, have any wealth, peace, security or inclination to launch on such an ambitious project as the Taj Mahal.8.Shahjahan’s lechery and profligacy ruled out any special attachment to Mumtaz, whose mausoleum the Taj has been misrepresented to be.9.Shahjahan was cruel, hard hearted and stingy ;as such he could never have the artist’s soft heart and a liberal patron’s generosity to lavish wealth on a building to house a corpse.10. Mulla Abdul Hamid Lahori, the court chronicler, mentions no architect and estimates the cost of the work done to be only Rs 40,00,000 which clearly shows that no new building was erected.11.Shahjahan, whose reign was supposed to be a golden period of history, has not left even a scrap of authentic paper about the construction of Taj Mahal. There are no authentic orders commissioning the Taj ,no correspondence for the purchase or acquisition of the so-called site ,no design drawings no bills or receipts and no expense account sheets Some of those usually produced or referred to have already been proved to be forgeries.12.Had Shahjahan really been the conceiver of the Taj Mahal, he need not have specially instructed Mulla Abdul Hamid Lahori not to forget mentioning or describing its ‘construction’ in the official chronicles, because the grandeur and majesty of the Taj as the finest achievement of a ruling monarch could never be lost sight of by a paid court chronicler.13.That Shahajahan could not even in his wildest dreams conceive undertaking such a gorgeous project is apparent from the fact that even the Muslim accounts tell us that he made the workers toil on meagre rations without giving them any cash payment. Tavernier tells us that Shahjahan could not marshal even timber enough for as much as scaffolding. Some accounts have also pointed out that Shahjahan made Rajas and Maharajas pay a large part of the “cost”. So even the additions and alterations required in converting a Hindu palace to the semblance of a Muslim tomb were made by compelling labourers to toil for a mere meagre food allocation and by imposing levies on subservient chieftains.14. If a stupendous monument like the Taj Mahal were specially built for the burial of a consort there would be a ceremonial burial date and it would not go unrecorded. But not only is the burial date not mentioned but even the

approximate period during which Arjumand Banu Begum may have been buried in the Taj Mahal varies from six months to nine years of her death.15. Mumtaz was married to Shahjahan when the latter was 21 years old. Royal children in his times used to be married much before their teens. This shows that Arjumand Banu was Shahjahan’s umpteenth wife. There was thus no reason why she should have been buried in a special monument.16. Having been a commoner by birth Arjumand Banu was not entitled to a special monument17.History makes no special mention of any out of the way attachment or romance between the two, unlike that of Jahangir and Nurjahan. This shows that the story of their love is a concoction seeking to justify the myth about the building of the taj over her body.18. Shahjahan was no patron of art. Had he been one, he would not have had the heart to chop off the hands of those who are said to have toiled to ‘build’ the monument for his wife. An art lover especially one disconsolate on his wife’s death,would not indulge in an orgy of maiming skilful craftsman. But the maiming story is apparently true because made to toil mercilessly on meagre rations on a palace usurped from its erstwhile Hindu master, the infuriated workmen broke out in revolt.19.There is no record in history that Shahjahan had any special infatuation for Mumtaz. In fact history records that he used to run after various other women from his own daughter to his maids.20.The existence of the landing ghat at the rear suggests a temple palace, not a tomb.21.Even the central marble structure consists of a 23-room marble palace suit which is superfluous for a tomb.22.The plan tallies with ancient Hindu architectural design and specifications.23.The entire Taj building consists of over 1000 rooms along its corridor, in two basements, on the upper floors and in its numerous towers, which clearly bears out the contention that it was meant to be a temple palace.24. The many annexes, guard and guest rooms etc. prove that it is a temple palace. The pleasure pavilions in the Taj premises could never form part of a tomb but only of a palace.25.The Taj complex houses a pair of Nakkar Khanas, i.e. drum houses. Drum houses are not only superfluous in a tomb but it is a positive misfit because a departed soul needs peace and rest. On the other hand a drum house is a necessary concomitant of a temple-palace because drum beats are used to herald royal arrivals and departures summoning of the townsfolk for royal announcements and proclamations and announce divine worship time.26.The Taj building complex also contains cowpen which used to be part of all Hindu royal and temple premises.27.The Sanskrit words “Kalas” and “pranchi” (fenced off open spaces around the dome and other structures) would never have been in the Taj premises had it originated as a Muslim tomb.28.The decorative patterns and motifs throughout the Taj Mahal are not only entirely of Indian flora but also of sacred Hindu emblems like the lotus, which infidel characteristics, according to Islamic beliefs would never allow any peace to the soul of the Muslim lady, if any, lying buried beneath.29. The galleries, arches, supporting brackets and cupolas are entirely in the Hindu style such as can be seen all over Rajasthan.30. Like every other suspicious aspect of Taj, its period of construction is variously stated to be 10,12,13,17 or 22 years, which again proves that the traditional story is a concotion.31.Even Tavernier’s testimony that he saw the commencement and the end of this work, while weakening the traditional case, strengthens ours.32. The reports that Shahjahan levied large amounts on rajas and Maharajas and that the so called (tampering) work dragged on over 10,12,13,17,or even 22 years are all very true details. Since Shahjahan was too shrewd and hard headed to spend anything out of his own treasury and would lose no opportunity of taxing and persecuting the local people, he made political capital even out of the death of his own wife.33.The designers are variously mentioned by Western scholars to be Europeans, and are claimed by Muslims to be Muslims, while the Imperial Library Manuscript contains Hindu names.34.The Taj Mahal had a grand garden. A graveyard never boasts of luscious fruits and fragrant flower trees, since the idea of enjoying fruit and flowers of a graveyard orchard is revolting.35.The trees, moreover were those bearing Sanskrit names and select sacred plants at that ,like Ketaki, Jai, Jui, Champa, Maulashree, Harshringar and Bel.36.The designer of Taj is unknown.37.Far from causing him any expenditure, the Taj proved to be a veritable gold mine for Shahjahan. While Arjumand Banu was buried in a stripped, cold,stone temple palace, the building was robbed of all its costly trappings which were removed to Sahjahan’s treasury. 38. The Taj palace is located in the twin township of Jaisinghpura and Khawaspura which are Rajput words, not Muslim.”Pura” in Sanskrit signifies a busy locality and not an open plot of land as is sometimes claimed.39.The Taj Mahal entrance faces south. Had it been a Muslim building it should have faced west.40.Its decorative and marble work tallies exactly with that in the Amer(Jaipur) palace built circa 967.41.The Taj temple palace has various other annexes outside its outer peripheral redstone wall, meant for courtiers and palace staff.42. Akbar on his early visits to Agra used to stay in Khawaspura and Jaisinghpura, which clearly shows that he stayed in the Taj .43.Bernier,another foreign visitor to Shahjahan’s court, tells us that the nether chambers had a rare magnificence and no non-muslim was allowed entry to them.That shows the hush-hush secrecy maintained about them.44.Even the term Taj Mahal doesn’t figure in any Mogul court records.45.An English visitor, Peter Mundy who was in India only for about a year after Mumtaz’s death mentions the Taj Mahal as one of the most spectacular buildings. Thus Shahjahan’s sacrilege of the Hindu Taj temple-palace by misusing it as an Islamic graveyard ought to be rectified by removing Arjumand Banu’s remains,if they really are in the Taj Mahal, to her original grave, still existing in Burhanpur. The garden pavilion of an Hindu mansion in Burhanpur(about 600 miles south west of Agra) where Mumtaz was buried in1631 A.D. after her death in her 14th delivery during 18 years of married life. Shahjahan Mumtaz had encamped in the adjoining Hindu palace during a north south journey when Mumtaz died.The ground plan of the orthodox Vedic octagonal Tejomahalaya shrine in Agra where Mumtaz’s exumed body is supposed to have been interred again. Why this sacrilege? An aerial view. The white marble Tejomahalaya framed by four towers at its plinth-corners on the south bank of the sacred Yamuna river. Two identical red stone buildings(each with three marble domes) facing the marble edifice from the east and west were meant to be reception pavilions for royal or religious congregations. The central marble building and the flanking red stone buildings are all seven storied with octagonal features,which is a Vedic specialty.Seven storied octagonal buildings are mentioned even in Ramayanic description of Ayodhya. A meticulous count will reveal 33 arches in the marble plinth seen in front in between the two towers on the left

and the right. Since the marble platform is a square the breadth too has 33 arches consequently the marble plinth itself encloses 33x 33=1089 rooms That is the ground floor. Above it on either side of the lofty entrance arch may be seen vaulted arches on two levels one above the other, which constitutes two more stories in marble. The outer western gateway leading to the spacious parking area for visitors’ vehicles lined by arcaded red stone verandahs with rooms for shopkeepers selling their wares. The entire parking area is lined by such shopping arcades which Tavernier describes as bazar of six courts.The western gateway has assumed importance in modern times because the main bus depot and railway stations of the populous, bustling Agra city lies in that direction. In olden days it was the elevated gateway at the left which used,to be the main entrance of the Tejganj alias Tajganj township.The Tejomahalaya shopping arcade has had at its outer eastern and western corners, flanking the Shree gate, two other subsidiary sentinel-temples. This octagonal pavilion with a white dome in the south west corner bearing the inverted lotus cap and straight Vedic pinnacle pitcher shaft is one of them. But alas, since Shahjahan’s time the sacred sanctum has an Islamic cenotaph attributed to an harem-maid Satunnisa Khanam. But since no name is inscribed on it that seems to be an inspired canard explaining away the desecration of the Hindu shrine.The interior of the multi-storied vaulted entrance gate leading first to the rectangular garden and then to the wonder marble edifice at the far end. The temple palace management staff used to work on both floors on various assigned duties. The carved decorative red stone bunting around the interior and exterior of this gateway, about knee-high from the floor, if minutely observed turns out to be an ingenious running chain of three-in-one Ganesh images, two in profile on the flanks and one with a frontal facing in the middle. The marble Taj Mahal has identical vaulted lofty archways in all the four directions. Their temple décor was chiseled away and Koranic extracts were improvised to fill the cavities. Close look at the marble stone frames around the vertical and horizontal Koranic passages to notice the patches of dissimilar shapes and tints of marble used. Cobras lined up above a string of inlaid temple bells pattern form the upper border of the Taj Mahal. Both cobras and bells have sacred associations in Vedic spiritual lore. The gateway at which entry tickets are issued, is decorated both inside and out, at the knee level with a bunting depicting such ingeneous three-in-one Ganesh caricatures; two in profile on the flanks enclosing a frontal one in the middle. The arches in the marble plinth and the rectangular ventilator above each one of them,(allowing light and air to the 1089 chambers inside the plinth)may be minutely observed to have been sealed with marble slabs.The seven arches at the bottom enclose the stairs, which lead to the top of the marble plinth symmetrically from the right and left.The Nandi(Lord Shiva ‘s Bull ) occupied the spot where the person clad in white robes is seen standing facing the entrance, before it was uprooted at Shahjahan’s orders. That spot was patched up later with inferior reddish slabs. There is trident shaped designs in inlay filigree at the two upper corners of the entrance and the trident shaped red lotus bud at the apex of the arch.The Koranic stones fixed vertically and horizontally along such lofty arches on all four sides were improvised to fill up gaping cavities left after digging out idols of Vedic deities and Sanskrit extracts. We arrive at the above conclusion because (1) a close inspection of the marble frames enclosing the Koranic extracts reveal patches of marble of different shapes and tints (2) The Koranic extracts are random, haphazard out of sequence and incomplete (3) On hot days with the visitor’s feet burning on the marble plinth a fierce sun beating down on the head and the eyes burning with intense sunlight radiated by the white marble sheen even a devout Muslim knowing Arabic won’t have the heart or even the steady head or patience to crane and strain his eyes and neck alternately vertically and horizontally to make any head or tail of that message of Allah. A close-up of the upper part of a minaret. The galleries rest on snake-shape brackets, which is a distinct Hindu architectural trait. Mumtaz’s tomb in the crypt (basement). The pavement patched up with marble slabs of varying sizes and tints indicating that the Shivling here has either been replaced by the cenotaph or is covered up by it.After one enters the lofty arch from the marble platform one steps onto spacious halls which form a perambulatory passage all around the central octagonal sanctum. That sanctum too has entrances on all four sides. But only the south entrance has been kept open since Shahjahan’s time.All these outer and inner entrances had silver doors which are common to all renowned Hindu(Vedic) shrines. Those were uprooted and ranged on the outer marble plinth before being spirited away to Shahjahan’s Mogul treasury. European visitors to the shrine around 1631 A.D. noticing the uprooted costly fixtures such as silver doors ranged on the marble platform misunderstood them to have been ordered by Shahjahan to be used in the building.Contrarily the thousands of labourers rounded up from the by lanes of Agra city under threats of dire consequences were forced to toil gratis to uproot all the costly fixtures such as the gem studded gold railings(around the Shivaling),silver doors, precious stones stuffed in the marble lattices and the golden pitcher dripping water on the Shivlinga, and transport them to the mogul treasury. Notice the framed decorative panels to the left and right of the doorway. They depict embossed OM shaped Dhatura flowers and conchshell- type foliage. The panel at the left has the sacred conchshell design. The right side panel depicts a plant with flowers shaped like the sacred Vedic chant (OM).

Mumtaz’s cenotaph in the foreground and subsequent Shahjahan’s cenotaph besides it in the upper marble octagonal chamber. Notice that both the cenotaphs are highly decorated with inlay work.Neither Shahjahan nor Mumtaz could have been buried here because this chamber is on the 4th floor above the river surface. Corpses are invariably buried in mother-earth and never on stone floors. Consequently this so-called Mumtaz’s cenotaph in this central octagonal chamber either covers the sacred Hindu ( Vedic ) Shivling itself or the sacred spot from which the Shivling was uprooted.Shahjahan and Mumtaz must be fake. Why should there be even one pair of fake cenotaph? And since one pair of cenotaphs is fake the crucial question is which is the fake one. The one in the lower chamber or upper chamber? Or does each floor contain one fake and the genuine cenotaph alternating between Shahjahan and Mumtaz?Science have been so somnolent for the last 350 and odd years as to allow the preposterous Shahjahan and Mumtaz legend, stained with carnal love to pass muster in spite of being riddled with a myriad loopholes disclosed .Around the hook (from which hangs the chain) is a sketch in concentric circles. In the smallest innermost circle are arrows symbolizing the eight surface directions. Around it is another circle of 16 serpents looking down on the Shivling underneath. Around it is a wider circle of 32 tridents. Surrounding it is a bigger circle depicting 64 lotus buds. Even this mathematical progression of multiples of 8 i.e. 8x2=16x2=32x2=64 is of esoteric Vedic significance and has no relation with Islam.The preponderating significance of 8 in Vedic tradition may be judged from terms such as Ashtapailu, Ashtavadhani, Ashtaputra, Ashtadhatu, Ashtang Ayurved, Mangalashtak and Sastang namaskar. The octagonal lattice around the cenotaph of Mumtaz (which has replaced or covered the sacred Shivling) has in its upper border a total of 108 pitchers, some rotund and striped and some oblong like vases. The rotund striped pitcher is seen bathing the Shivaling underneath with a stream of milk. The decorative flora on the vase and other parts of the Taj Mahal alias Tejomahalaya is all native to India. Such decoration in the orange, Vedic colour behooves a Hindu temple or palace but never a somber Islamic sepulchre. A close-up of the gilded pinnacle rising from the inverted lotus cap of the marble dome .The pinnacle is known as Kalash in Vedic parlance because of the stack of pitchers which constitute it. The curvy shaft seen in the upper portion

represents the crescent on Lord Shiva’s forehead. Above it is an oblong pitcher, two mango leaves curving on either side with a coconut balanced on top. Such a coconut –topped pitcher represents divinity in Vedic tradition. The three domes of the so called mosque are a misfit in Islam. Since Islam has only one Allah and one prophet for whom is the third dome? Moreover the qibla (i.e. the prayer niche) is not aligned to the Kaba in Mecca as it should be in a genuine mosque. Also when there are three qiblas instead of one they couldn’t all be aligned to the Kaba at the same time. And since the twin buildings on the eastern flank is a non-mosque it automatically follows that its counterpart to the west is also a non-mosque. Only buildings with the same function and purpose can have an identical design. There is staircase and another symmetrical one at the other end lead down to the storey beneath the marble platform Tow such staircases (one each at the eastern and western ends) behind the marble plinth take one to the nether chambers. Visitors may go to the back of the marble plinth at the eastern or western end and descend down the staircase because it is open to sky. But at the foot the archaeology department has set up an iron grill door which it keeps locked. Yet one may peep inside from the iron grill in the upper part of the door. Shahjahan had sealed even these two staircases. It was the British who opened them. But from Shahjahan’s time the stories below and above the marble ground floor have been barred to visitors. We are still following Mogul dictates and Muslim secrecy though long free from Mogul Islamic rule. One of the 22 locked rooms in the secret storey beneath the marble platform of the Taj Mahal, which the archaeological Survey of India keeps conspiratorially locked to hoodwink the public. Therefore the public must pressurized the government to open all locked and sealed chambers in all monuments including the Taj.Strips of ancient Hindu paint are seen on the wall flanking the doorway. The niches above had paintings of Hindu gods, obviously rubbed off by Muslim desecrators.One of the 22 riverside rooms in a secret storey of the Taj Mahal unknown to the public. Shahjahan far from building the shining marble Taj wantonly disfigured it. Here he has crudely walled up a doorway. Such imperial Mogul vandalism lies hidden from the public. This room is in the red stone storey immediately below the marble platform. Indian history has been turned topsy turvy in lauding destroyers as great builders. Therefore Shahjahan should be referred to not as the creator of Taj but as a plunderer of its costly fixtures and disfigurer of the sublime, serene beauty of the holy Tejomahalaya.Many such doorways of chambers in secret stories underneath the Taj Mahal have been sealed with brick and lime. Concealed inside could be valuable evidence such as Sanskrit inscriptions, Hindu idols, the original Hindu model of Taj, the desecrated Shiva Linga, Hindu scriptures and temple equipment .The Government is deliberately refraining from opening hundreds of such sealed chambers. Inside the Taj Mahal for fear of enraging Muslims and exposing the incompetence of historians worldwide. There was the traditional treasury well of the Hindu temple palace. Treasure chests used to be stacked in the lower stories. Accountants, cashiers and treasurers sat in the upper stories. On being besieged if the building had to be surrendered to the enemy the treasure chests used to be pushed into the water for salvage later after recapture. For real research, water should be pumped out of this well to reveal the evidence that lies at the bottom. This well is inside a tower near the so called mosque to the west of the marble Taj. Had the Taj been a mausoleum this octagonal multi storied well would have been superfluous.