AN ANALYSIS OF STEREOTYPE IN ZOOTOPIA MOVIE

e-ISSN 2549-7715 | Volume 4 | Nomor 1 | Januari 2020 | Hal: 49-62

Terakreditasi Sinta 4

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ANANALYSISOFSTEREOTYPEINZOOTOPIAMOVIE

WidyaAtillah1,*,M.BahriArifin2,NitaMayaValiantien31,2,3EnglishLiteratureDepartment,FacultyofCulturalSciences

MulawarmanUniversity*Email:[email protected]

ABSTRACTStereotypes are preconceptions about individuals of group. Stereotypes are thecommon phenomena that happen in the daily activities of language use wheresometimespeopledonotrealizethattheyarestereotypingothers.Itiscausedbyadiversity of issues among the society. People tend to build some generalperspectivesthatincludethepositiveandnegativethingsaboutagroupofpeople.As a reflection of the real life, movies can also contain the phenomenon ofstereotype such as in Zootopia movie. This research is aimed to describe thecategoriesof stereotypeandalso toanalyze the functionof stereotype thatwereperformedbyseveralcharacters inZootopiamovie.Thisresearchwasconductedby using descriptive method and qualitative approach. Data were taken frommoviescriptintheformofutterances.Theresultsofthisresearchshowthatthereare forty three datawhich are indicated as stereotyping utterances from elevencharactersinZootopiamovie.Inaddition,theresearchersidentifiedsixoutofeightstereotype categories that have been used in this movie, namely Gender, Race,Physical Features, Occupation and Socioeconomic Status, National Groups andOtherCategory.Moreover, the researchers identified twostereotype functions inthemovie,theyareindividualfunctionandsocialorcollectivefunction.Keywords:Sociolinguistic,Stereotype,Zootopia.

ABSTRAKStereotipadalahprasangka tentang individupadakelompok.Stereotipmerupakanfenomena umum yang terjadi dalam kegiatan kita sehari-hari dimana terkadangorang tidak menyadari bahwa mereka telah menstereotip orang lain. Hal inidisebabkankarenaadanyakeberagamanmasalahdi kalanganmasyarakat.Orangcenderungmembangun beberapa perspektif umum yangmencakup hal-hal positifdan negatif tentang sekelompok orang. Sebagai gambaran dari kehidupan nyata,film juga bisa mengandung fenomena stereotip seperti dalam film Zootopia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenggambarkan kategori stereotip dan juga untukmenganalisa fungsi stereotip yang dilakukan oleh beberapa karakter dalam filmZootopia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskripsi danpendekatankualitatif.Datadiambilberdasarkannaskahfilmdalambentukucapan.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak empat puluh tiga datateridentifikasi sebagaiucapan stereotipdari sebelaskarakterdalam filmZootopia.Selain itu, peneliti mengidentifikasi enam dari delapan kategori stereotip telah



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digunakandalamfilmini,yaituGender,Ras,FiturFisik,PekerjaandanStatusSosialEkonomi,KelompokNasionaldanKategorilainnya.Bahkanpenelitimengidentifikasidua fungsi stereotip dalam film ini, yaitu Fungsi Individual danFungsi Sosial atauKolektif.Katakunci:Sosiolinguistik,Stereotip,Zootopia.A. INTRODUCTION

Language isa fundamentalneed forcommunication.Everypersonuseslanguage in everyday life to do something such as instructing, sharinginformation, telling their feeling, etc. By using language, people can docommunicationsothatpeoplecannotbeseparatedfromthelanguageoftheirdaily activities. Then in communication events, people may discover someissuesbasedonlanguagesuchasstereotype.

Stereotypesarepreconceptionabout individualsofgroup.According toAshmoreandDelBoca(1979)stereotypeis“astructuredsetofbeliefsaboutthe personal attributes of a group of people”. People tend to build somegeneral perspectives that include the positive and negative things about agroupofpeople.Stereotypesarecommonphenomenonthatishappeninthesociety where sometimes people do not realize that they are stereotypingothers. It is caused by people who come from different culture which areformed by different norms, value, ideologies, and other components.Stereotypeisalsoknownastheparticularperception.It isasignificantthingto understandwhat stereotype is. By studying about stereotype, people canfindoutthecategories,thecauseandalsothefunctionofstereotype.

This research is amovie entitledZootopiamovie. Thismovie has beenchosen as the object of this research because it represents real life whichsometimes people try to categorizes and makes assumptions about otherpeopleeventhoughit isnotalwayscorrect.Eventhismovieshowedanimalsas the characters, but it can alsodescribemore abouthow the stereotype isused.Thismoviealsocontainsauniqueandinterestingstorywhicheveryonecanwatch,includingkids.TheZootopiamovieisalsoconsideredagoodqualitymovie thathasbeenprovenbymanyawards that thismoviegot.Oneof theawards that has been obtained by the Zootopia movie is the 44th AnnieAwardswhich took home 6 awards at once. Best animated features are thecategorywonbythisfilm,andhavedefeatedseveralotheranimatedfilmssuchasMoana,findingDory,andKungFuPanda3.

Themaincharacterof thismovie isa femalerabbitnamedJudyHopps.Whenshewas little, shewants tobeapoliceofficerandchange thepointofviewofherfamilytraditionwhichisbeingafarmer.Herfamilyespeciallyherparentsdonotsupportherchoicetobeapoliceofficerbecauseitisnotrabbitsupposedtobe.ButJudystillwantstobeapoliceofficerandfinallyshemadeit. After being a police officer, Judy as a female rabbit tends to get somenegativejudgmentsfromhersocialbecauseotheralwaysstereotypingherasa



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weakanimal.Thatisthereasonwhyanothercitizenlookherasapoorpoliceofficer. But finally, Judy can prove to anyone that she can be a great policeofficerinZootopiawiththehelpofNickWilder,whichisafox.NickWilderisoneofthefigureswhogaveuponhisdreamsbecauseofthestereotypesgivenbyothersbyassumingthatfoxesarecunninganimalsandcannotdowell.Sofromthismovie,theauthorwantstoconveyandmakepeopleunderstandthatthestereotypestheygivetoothersarenotalwaysrightandthatcanhaveanimpactonpeoplewhohavebeenjudged.

In this research, there are two questions: what are the categories ofstereotypeoccuredinZootopiamovie?AndwhatarethefunctionofstereotypeperformedbythecharactersinZootopiamovie?.Thepurposesofthisresearchare to describe the categories of stereotypes that showed inZootopiamovieand to reveal the function of stereotype performed by the characters inZootopia movie. Theoretically, the research can be effort of enriching thetheoryofSociolinguisticespeciallyaboutStereotypewhichincludetheseveralcategoriesandfunctionofstereotype.Thisresearchalsocanbeareferencefortheotherresearcherswiththesametopic.Practically,thisresearchisusefultorecognizethecategoriesandfunctionsofstereotypeineverydaylifeandthenpeople do not easily judge or have specific perception about others. So incommunicationevents,someoneisabletochoosethewordsthatwillbeusedandcanavoidnegativeassumptionsaboutpeoplearound

B. THEORITICALREVIEW1. CATEGORIESOFSTEREOTYPE

Stereotype is common events that often occur in social life. Stereotypecanbeubiquitos, infectious, irritating,andhard togetridofeven ithappenswithout people knowing it. Stereotype also can bring the problems in thesociety. By using stereotypes, humans can generate prejudices and then canlead to discrimination in society. Gilman (1985:15) states that all of peoplemay create an image of things based on their fear and glory. People assignlabels to otherpeople that serve to set themapart fromourselves, and thuspeoplecratethestereotype.Therearetwoproblemsthatmaybeformedfromstereotypesuchpeoplemayhaveincorrectgeneralizationaboutothergroups.Notonly incorrectgeneralization,peoplealsocanusesomegeneralizationtomakeincorrectjudgmentsaboutindividuals.

A person can do stereotype through some of the processes they haveexperienced. Stereotypesoccurbecauseof a diversity of issues that occur insocial life.Thesedifferences canbebasedon cultural, economic, educationalandotherbackgrounds.Someonewhoperformsstereotypesmusthavecertaininformation in their mind regarding certain characteristics and habitspossessed by someone who represents their group. This information isobtainedbasedonexperienceofwhathasbeenpassedbyapersonrelatedtothenatureandhabitsof certaingroups.Peoplewhodo stereotypes canalsodeduceinformationbasedontheirobservationaboutwhathasbeendoneby



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certain groups.Not only that, stereotypes can alsobebasedon expectationsthat people have stereotyped against certain groups, making it possible forpeople affected by stereotypes to dowhat others expect them to do.Not allpeoplehave the right information.Most stereotypesdonotmatch in reality.Thishappensbecausepeoplerelyonlittleinformationtheyhavetogeneralizesomeonetoaparticulargroup.

Stereotypescanbecausedbythediversityof issuesamongthemanditcan contain many factors. Schneider (2005) classifies the issues into eightcategories.Thosecategoriesaregender,race,age,physicalfeatures,language,occupationandsocioeconomicstatus,nationalgroupsandothercategories.

a. Gender

Genderandsexactuallyhavedifferentmeaningwheregenderishowthesocietytreatssomeone,suchasmasculineorfeminine.Ontheotherside,sexisthebiologicalfeaturesofeveryone,suchmaleorfemale.Theexampleofmalecharacteristicsbasedontheirsexsuchmaleusuallyhasmoremuscles,morebody hair and deeper voice. The opposite of male characteristics, femaleusuallyhas lessmuscle, lessbodyhair,andalsohasthinnervoice.Moreover,male always see as strong, unemotional and independent. Whereas, femalealwaysseenasweak,emotionalanddependent.

b. Race

Racereferstoagroupofpeoplecharacterizedbydescentsimilarity.Itispopularlybelieved that race isdefinedbiologically.Physical traits andgenesbecome the base of race identification. The term race is sometimes usedinterchangeably with ethnicity. Nevertheless, there are some aspects thatdifferentiate the concept of race from ethnicity. According to PhinneyinSchneider (2005: 453), ethnicitymay relate to cultural differences, ethnicidentity, or distinctive experiences caused by treatment of others. A simpleexample that is often spoken by a group is about blacks and whites. Mostpeoplethinkblackgroupsarebadpeoplewhilewhitepeopletendtolooklikegoodpeople.

c. Age

Byknowing theageofothers,peoplecanconsiderattitudesandwordsthat will be produce.With as stereotypical age, people can also understandwhatshouldandshouldnotbedoneatacertainage.AccordingtoSchneider(2005: 466) age influences friendship patterns, careers, attitudes and so on.Peoplearealreadyfamiliarwiththecommonassumptionwhichforgetfulnessbelongs to a group of older people. Meanwhile, in the young age group,forgetfulness is not the trait they should have. Even young people aremoreoftenregardedasenergetic,active,ambitiousandcreativegroups.Meanwhile,themorematureagegroupisseenasagroupwithamorewise,cooperativeandresponsiblenature.



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d. PhysicalFeaturesMany stereotypes are based on physical appearance such as others

weight, height, hair color, body type and etc. Zebrowitz in Schneider (2005:502)hearguesthatface-to-facecontactprovidesmanyadditionalsignswhichbecome the bases for stereotypes. By direct communication, people canobserveanddostereotypesofsomeone's facial featuressuchastheshapeoftheeyes,theshapeofthenose,eyebrows,lipsandothers.Asimpleexampleinthe case of stereotypes of physical features iswhen you see peoplewearingglasses.Groupsofpeoplewhouseglassesintheirdailyliveswillbeconsideredassmartpeople.However,therearealsopeoplewhoviewthemasnerdsandare not cool to be friends. Furthermore, stereotype of physical features alsooftenoccur inbodyshape. Ingeneral,peopleoftenclassifybodyshape tobefat,thinandmuscular.Withthegeneralclassificationofbodyshapelikethat,itmakes people consider muscular groups tend to be healthy, attractive,competitive,andhavemorefriends. Inotherwise, fatpeopleareusuallyseenas unattractiveness, uncompetitive self, and unhealthy lifestyle. Meanwhile,thinpeoplearestereotypedasneat,intelligent,andtense.

e. Language

Inadditiontothephysicalfeatures,directcommunicationcanalsocausestereotypesbasedonlanguageused.Thelanguageusedcanindicatetheareawhere someone can even show how educated them are from the choice ofwords used. This category can also be related to other categories such assomeone's socioeconomic status. For example, someone with high incomeusuallyhasmoreandvariedvocabulary. Schneider (2005)alsodisplays thatsome researchers suggest that people who use more indirect and femininestylesareseenaslesscompetent,warmer,andmorepoliteregardlessoftheirgender.Furthermore,menwhospeakinafemininewayareregardedasmorehomosexualthanthosewhospeakthemasculinestyle.Inconclusion,speakingstyleaffectsthegender-relatedstereotypeswhichareappliedtoothers.

f. OccupationandSocioeconomicStatus

Everyone has different types of work in this world such as teachers,traders,doctors,andothers.Thedifferenceinemploymenttoincomeisoneofthe stereotype categories. In this category, people tend to classify theworkdone by other groupswith the characteristics they have. A person's incomecan also be a factor for people to stereotype other groups. In general, highincomesocialgroupswillbeconsideredassmart,diligentandselfishpeople.Meanwhile, lowerincomesocialgroupsareusuallyseenaspeoplewhoarealittlelazyandliketosavemoney.



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g. NationalGroups

Mostpeople identify themselves in anationalitybecause they feel theybelong to a national group. One example of a stereotype of the State is thatIndonesianpeoplearecommonlyheardascreativeandundisciplinedpeople.Meanwhile, the stereotypes given to the Chinese are thosewho are diligentanddisciplinedwithtime.

h. OtherCategory

Othercategoriesheremeanthatthereisallexamplesofstereotypesarebasedonotherfactorsthathavenotbeendescribedinothercategories.So,notonly thesevencaseswhichcanbesaidtobethebasiccaseofstereotypes insociallife.Itisbecausethereisnolimittothebasiccategoriesofstereotypes.

2. FUNCTIONOFSTEREOTYPE

Everyone can create stereotype whenever or wherever. Stereotype,whereisnotalwaystrue,stillexistandusedbypeople.Stereotypeinsocietyalsoserveseveral function for theuser.Schneider(2005)dividedstereotypefunctionintotwomajorclasses,namelyindividualandsocialfunction.a. IndividualFunction

People use stereotype to others because it beneficial to them asindividuals. Some of the benefits of stereotyping by users are classified asindividual functions. Then, these functions are divided into cognitive andaffectiveormotivationalfunctions.Incognitivefunction,therearethreesub-functionswhicharerelatedtocognitiveaspect.First,stereotypescansimplifythe social world. Various information can be obtained every day throughcommunication and interaction. From cognitive orientation, every humanbeing has limited memory to remember and manage various kinds ofinformation.Inthiscase,stereotypescanhelpstereotypicalusersinmanaginginformation about various things by simplifying and qualifying data so thattheycanbeeasilyremembered.Second,stereotypecanenrichpeoplementallive. By dividing people into certain groups, people can observe othersbehavior and also analyzewhy they does the things they does by using theknowledge of theoretical and empirical of other group. Third, stereotypereveals beliefs from particular people or groups. In general, stereotypes arebeliefs, and are likely to have complex relationships with important beliefs(Abelson in Schneider, 2005). For example, a white person who believes infreedomand fairnessprobablyhas fewernegative stereotypesofBlacksandHispanics.Thewhiteperson’sbeliefsoffreedomandfairnesscanbeseenfromthefewerstereotypeshehasabouttherespectivegroups.

Aside from being a helper to simplify information from cognitiveorientation, stereotypes also function in affective orientation as personalprotectiveequipmentthatcanincludetheformationofself-esteemfromsocial



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comparison, ridicule from other groups even specifically for those who areconsideredcompetitors.With this stereotypical function too, canmakeusersfeelbetteraboutthem

b. SocialorCollectiveFunction

Stereotypes also present as the social function. Some theorists havearguedthatinasocialworld,peoplearedividedalonglinesofstatus,prestige,and economic privilege (Schneider, 2005). Some differences usually indicatetheexistenceofcompetenceandmotivationinpeople,butinthecaseofstatus,peoplebelievethatgroupswhohavehigherstatushavedonesomethingtogettheir status. Moreover, Lerner in Schneider suggests that people tend tobelievethatotherpeoplewhoarelessfortunatehavedeservedtheirfate.Soitbecomesparticularlyeasytoseemembersofstigmatizedgroupsassomehowdeserving their fate and stereotypesmay function as vehicles for explainingstatusdifferences.

Thistypeoffunctionexplainsthestatusdifferenceswherepowerisveryinfluential in understanding stereotypes. So in that way, people who havelower status are the groups that get themost stereotypes. As Operario andFiskeinSchneiderhavepointedoutthat“stereotypesoflesspowerfulpersonsheldbymorepowerfulonestendtocreatemoremischiefthanthereverse,iffor noother reason than that powerful peoplehave greater ability to act onthemaswellastomakethempartoftheculturalconsensus.”

C. RESEARCHMETHOD

In thisresearch, themethod thatused isqualitativeresearch.Krathwol(1993)has suggested thatqualitative research is the research thatdescribesphenomena inwords instead of numbers ormeasures. The researchers alsouseddescriptivemethodtoobserveandinterpretthecategoriesandfunctionof stereotype that used as data analysis object. The purpose of descriptivemethod is todescribe the facts insystematicallybycollectingandclassifyingthedataand thenanalyzingand interpreting thedata tosolve theproblems.TheresearcherstookZootopiamoviescriptsasthedatasourcewhiledataarein the formofutterancesof thecharacters inZootopiamovie thatshownthecategoriesandfunctionofstereotype.

In this research, the researchers analyzed thedataby categorizing anddescribing the findings within sequential procedures that are written asfollows.First,theresearchersidentifiedandclassifiedtheutterancesbasedonthecategoriesofstereotypeanditsfunctions.Second,theresearchersencodedthembyusingSchneider’s theoryandsomeof inappropriatedataaresortedout.Third,theresearchersputdataintodatasheetsbyusingcodestosimplifythecategoriesandthefunctionsthatusedofthedata.Thearrangementofthecodesusedinthedataarethedatanumbers,thecategoriesofstereotype,thefunction of stereotype and the duration of the dialogue that showsstereotypingutterances.Next,theresearchersre-examinedthecategoriesand



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the function of stereotype to determine how they are linked. And then, theresearchersdescribedthedatabasedonthosecategoriesandthefunctionofstereotype. Furthermore, the researchers re-checked and re-read the dataagain to make sure there are no mistakes. Finally, the researchers made aconclusion.

Theresearcherspresentedthetablethatshowsthecodesofdatawhichcanhelptheresearcherstoidentifythedata.

Table.1TheCodesofCategoriesofStereotype

CategoryofStereotype CodeGender GRace RAge A

PhysicalFeatures PFOccupationandSocioeconomic

Status OS

Language LNationalGroups NGOtherCategory OC

Table.2TheCodesofFunctionsofStereotype

FunctionofStereotype CodeIndividualFunction ISocialFunction S

D. FINDINGSANDDISSCUSSIONFINDINGS

1. CategoriesofStereotypea. GenderNICK:Rabbit,Ididwhatyouasked,youcan’tkeepmeonthehookforever.JUDY:Notforever.Why,Ionlyhave36hourslefttosolvethiscase.Socanyou

runtheplateornot?NICK:Actually,IjustrememberedIhaveapalattheDMV.Flashisthefastest

guyinthere,youneedsomethingdone,he’sonit.JUDY:Ihopeso,wearereallyfightingtheclockandeveryminutecounts.

(D23/G/I/00:38:45-00:39:15)This conversation occured when Judy and Nick will solve animal

abduction cases andneed someone tobe able tohelp track the car's licenseplate number as additional evidence for them. Nick tells Judy that he has afriendwhocanhelpthemandheisthefastestmanwhoworksthere.Judywashappy to hear that because they needed less time to get the informationbecauseofthelimitedtimegivenbyChiefBogoincompletingthecase.Intheutterance,NickhasdoneagenderstereotypeaimedatsomeonenamedFlashby saying "Flash is the fastest guy in there". In this case,Nickuses the term



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"guy" to reflecthis friendwho is aman.Thegender informationused in theutterancedirected Judytoassumethatamancanworkmoreactively thanawoman in terms of work.With this stereotype, Nick has supported Judy toassumeaboutsomeonenamedFlashwhoshehadnevermettobeabletohelpthem to find the information on car number plates quickly. Though in thecontinuationofthestory,JudycametotheofficeandmetFlashwhoactuallyisasloth.Judywassurprisedbecauseitdidnotmatchwhatsheexpected.b. RaceGIDEON:Nice costume, loser.What crazyworld are you living inwhere youthinkabunnycouldbeacop?JUDY:Kindlyreturnmyfriends’tickets.GIDEON : Comeandget ‘em.... Butwatchout, ‘cause I’ma fox-- and like you

saidinyourdumblittlestageplay,uspredatorsusedtoeatprey.Andthatkillerinstinct’sstillinourDunnahh.

TRAVIS:Uh,I’mprettymuchsureit’spronouncedD-N-A.GIDEON:Don’ttellmewhatIknow,Travis.

(D9/R/I/00:04:32-00:04:45)ThissentencewastoldbyalittleGideonGreywhichisafoxtolittleJudy

whentheywerefighting. JudycourageouslyhelpedherfriendsandaskedfortheirticketsbackthathadbeentakenbyGideon.ThenGideonfrightenedJudybyactinglikehewasapredatorstrongerthanJudywhowasonlyarabbit.Inthatincident,Gideonhadcarriedoutstereotypesaimedatpredatorgroupsbysaying "us predators used to eat prey. And that killer instinct is still in ourDunnahh ". In the sentence thatGideon said, he intends to remind Judy thatthey,includingGideonareapredatorwhousedtoeatpreyanduntilnowitcanstilloccurbecauseit is intheirDNA.Accordingtohimpredatorsareanimalsthat still need to be feared at that time. The stereotype of race categories isseenbetweenpredatorandpreygroups.Gideonviewspreygroupsasaweakgroup and predatory groups are powerful groups of animals, so that he canscareandunderestimateJudyasaprey.c. PhysicalFeaturesCLAWHAUSER:O-Mgoodness!Theyreallydidhireabunny.What?!Igottatellya,youareevencuterthanIthoughtyou’dbe.JUDY:Ooo,uh,youprobablydidn’tknow,butabunnycancallanotherbunny

“cute,”butwhenotheranimalsdoit,it’salittle...CLAWHAUSER : I am so sorry. Me, Benjamin Clawhauser, the guy everyone

thinksisjustaflabby,donut-lovingcop,stereotypingyou...?(D14/PF//I00:13:17-00:13:41)

This conversation tookplace betweenClawhauser and Judywhen Judyhad justenteredandstartedher firstdayworkingasapoliceofficeratZPD.Clawhauser isacute fat lionandservesasareceptionistatZPD.Clawhauserhad heard before that there would be a new officer who was a rabbit.



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Clawhauser has used stereotyping utterance when he first met Judy in theoffice, such as "They really didhire a bunny.What ?! I gotta tell ya, you areevenacuterthanIthoughtyou'dbe”.FromthesentencethatClawhausersaid,heshowedthathedidnotbelievethatrabbitscouldreallybecomepoliceandjoinZPDwithhimandhealsoassumedthatrabbits ithasacuteappearanceandnature.Sobyusingthesestereotypes,he intendstoexpresshisdisbeliefthat Judy looks cuter than what he had imagined. Even after doing thestereotype, Judygentlysaid that thinkingof cuterabbitswassomething thatwasnotpolitetothem.d. OccupationandSocioeconomicStatusSTU:OR...um,heck,youwannatalkaboutmakingtheworldabetterplace--no

betterwaytodoitthanbecomingacarrotfarmer.BONNIE: Yes! Your dad,me, your 275 brothers and sisters--we’re changing

theworld.STU:Yep.BONNIE:Onecarrotatatime...

(D6/OS/S/00:03:44-00:03:54)ThisconversationoccuredwhenlittleJudyfinishesoffperforming.When

thestage tookplace, Judywithenthusiasmanddesire truly told thepast lifewherepredatorswerestillanimalsfearedbyprey.ButnowtheycanbefreerandfeelcomfortablebecauseallanimalscanlivesidebysideandbehappyatZootopia.Judybelievesthatallanimalscanbeanythingthere,nolongerfollowtraditionandarefreetochoosewhattheywant.Then, Judy'sparentsnamedStu and Bonnie realized Judy's little desire to become a police officer inZootopiainthefuture.Judy'sparentscertainlyfeelafraidanddoubtfulaboutthatdesire.Sothatstereotypeofoccupationcategorieslike"nobetterwaytodo it thanbecominga carrot farmer". For them,beinga carrot farmer is thebestjobthatcanbedonebyagroupofrabbits.Sothatfarmingofcarrotshasalso been done by 275 Judy families as Bonnie said. In other words, carrotfarming is a job that is in accordancewith the tradition of the rabbit group.ThereforeJudy'sparentstriedtopersuadeandconvinceJudythatitwouldbebettertobeacarrotfarmerthantobeapoliceofficerwhocouldthreatenherlifeinZootopia.e. NationalGroupsGAZELLE :Zootopia isauniqueplace. It’sacrazy,beautiful,diversecitywherewecelebrateourdifferences.TheZootopia Iknowisbetter thanthis. We don’t just blindly assign blame.We don’t know why these attackskeephappening...

(D38/NG/I/01:11:09-01:11:31)ThisutteranceoccuredwhenGazelle,adeerwhoisafamoussingerand

public figure at Zootopia is conducting an interview for a television station.TheinterviewactivityintendstoaskGazelle’scommentsaboutthecommotion



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that is happening in Zootopia. She expressed concern about what hadhappened after the abduction of several animals was revealed. In thecomments,Gazelle hasdone stereotypeby saying that "Zootopia is a uniqueplace.It'sacrazy,beautiful,diversecitywherewecelebrateourdifferences”.Fromthesentence,GazelleassumesthatZootopiaisacomfortableplacetoliveinwithavarietyofbeautyanddiversityofitsinhabitants.SheconsidersthatZootopiashouldnothaveacommotionthatdisputesdifferenceslikethis.f. OtherCategoryYAX:Yeah, somemammalssay thenaturalist life isweird, butyouknow

whatIsayisweird?Clothesonanimals!Herewego.(D21/OC/S/00:37:18-00:37:25)

This utterance occured when Judy and Nick come to get additionalinformation about the case of the loss ofMr. Otterton for several days. Theplace is a gathering place for the naturalist community and there theymeetYaxasananimalondutyatthefrontdesk.YaxexplainedthatMr.ottertonwasamember of the community. He also added thatMr. Otterton has not comethereforseveraldays.YaxiswillingtohelpthemtomeetNangi,anelephantwhomYaxbelieveshasasharpmemorysohemustknowthelasttraceofMr.Otterton.WhenwalkingtomeetNangi,Judywasshockedanddidnotbelievethatshesawthecommunityfullofanimalswhowereinactivitiesandtheyalldid notwear any clothes or in otherwords naked. Seeing the reaction fromJudywhofeltuncomfortableandlookingstrange,thenYaxdoingstereotypeslike"somemammalsIsaynaturalist lifeisweird,butyouknowwhatIsayisweird?" Clothes on animals! ". From that statement, Yax explains that otheranimals perceive their community and activities which are naturalists arestrange, then Yax adds by incorporating his personal assumptions that thestrangething isnot tobeanaturalistnaked,butrathertobeananimalwithwearclothes.

2. FunctionofStereotype

a. IndividualFunctionYAX: As you can see, Nangi’s an elephant, so she’ll totally remembereverything. HeyNangi, these dudes have some questions about Emmitt theOtter.NANGI:Who?YAX:Uh,EmmittOtterton?Beencomingtoyouryogaclassforlike6years?NANGI:Ihavenomemoryofthisbeaver

(D22/R/I/00:37:27-00:37-47)TheconversationoccuredbetweenYaxandNangi.YaxkindlyhelpsJudy

and Nick to find additional information to resolve the kidnapping case Mr.Otterton.YaxthendrovethemtomeetNangiwhoisanelephant.Then,duringthetripYaxusesthestereotype"Nangi'selephant,soshe'lltotallyremembereverything". From this sentence, Yax has used stereotypes against Nangi by



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saying that elephants can remember anything. This means that stereotypeshave been used to simplify information that you have about elephants. HeconsidersthatallelephantshavegoodmemoriesandinthiscaseNangicanbereliedupontoprovide informationabout the lastsightingsofMr.Ottertonashelp for Judy and Nick. Even though in reality, Nangi does not rememberanything about Mr.Otterton. So that it can be said that the stereotype thatelephantscanrememberwelleverything issomethingthat isnotnecessarilytrueandexperiencedbyallelephants.b. SocialFunctionBONNIE: Yes! Your dad,me, your 275 brothers and sisters--we’re changingtheworld.STU:Yep.BONNIE:Onecarrotatatime...STU:Amentothat.Carrotfarmingisanobleprofession.

(D7/OS/S/00:03:52-00:03:58)This conversation occurred between Judy's parents namedBonnie and

Stu.At that timeBonnieandStuwere talking to Judyaboutherdream fromchildhood,namelybeingapoliceofficer inZootopia.BonnieandStu tried topersuadeandconvinceJudythathewouldgiveuponthedreamofbecomingapoliceofficer. Instead, theywant Judy to follow in their footstepsalongwiththeirextendedfamilywhoworkascarrotfarmersinthecityofBunnyburrow.Bonnie and Stu who showed their concern for Judy's dreams and thencomparedtheworktobeingapoliceofficerbybecomingacarrotfarmer.Thus,usingstereotypessuchas"Carrotfarmingisanobleprofession"aimedatJudyso that she follows her parentswillingness to become carrot farmers in herhometown.

DISSCUSSION

Stereotypes are unfair statement and assumption that people makeaboutindividualsbecausetheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Stereotype,asthecommon phenomena that everyone can make in everyday does not occursuddenly. A person can use stereotype through some of the processes theyhaveexperienced.Stereotypesoccurbecauseofadiversityofissuesthatoccurinsociallife.Thesedifferencescanbebasedoncultural,economic,educationalandotherbackgrounds.Someonewhoperformsstereotypesmusthavecertaininformation in their mind regarding certain characteristics and habitspossessed by someone who represents their group. This information isobtainedbasedonexperienceofwhathasbeenpassedbyusersrelatedtothenature and habits of certain groups. Stereotype users can also deduceinformationbasedonuser’sobservationaboutwhathasbeendonebycertaingroups.Notonlythat,stereotypescanalsobebasedonexpectationsthatusershavestereotypedagainstcertaingroups,makingitpossibleforpeopleaffectedbystereotypestodowhatothersexpectthemtodo.Notallstereotypedusers



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have the right information. Most stereotypes do not match in reality. Thishappens because stereotyped users rely on little information they have togeneralizesomeonetoaparticulargroup.

The Zootopia movie contains many stereotyping utterances used byexisting characters. Not only main characters, other characters also usedstereotypingutteranceswithdifferentgoals.Thereareelevencharactersthathave identified as the stereotype users in Zootopiamovie. The stereotypingutterances that found by researchers in the Zootopia movie was forty-threedataconsistingoftwogendercategorystereotypes,twenty-twostereotypesofrace categories, three stereotypes of physical features categories, elevenstereotypes of occupation and socioeconomic status categories, threestereotypes of national groups category and the other two stereotypes.Meanwhile,stereotypeswithagecategoriesandlanguagesarenot foundandarenotusedbycharactersinZootopiamovie.

Fromthe forty-threedata thathasbeen identified, the researchersalsoobservedhowcharactersusedstereotypingutterancesinsociety.Thefunctionof stereotype used by characters in Zootopiamovie includes twenty-sevenstereotyping utteranceswith individual cognitive functions, ten stereotypingutteranceswithaffectiveindividual functionsandsixstereotypingutteranceswithsocialorcollectivefunctions.

E. CONCLUSIONIn Zootopiamovie, it was identified that there were six categories of

stereotype thatusedbyelevencharacters inZootopiamovie,namelygender,race,physical features,occupationandsocioeconomic status,national group,andother categories. The result of this research shows that race category isthe most widely used as stereotype category. This is because the Zootopiamovie directly displays various types of animals that live in the city ofZootopia.Thus, thedifferencesamongraceare themostexpressed issues. Inaddition,genderandothercategoryarethecategoriesthathavetheleastdata.

Theuseof stereotypesby several characters in theZootopiamoviehasdifferent functions and depends on the context in the story. In this movie,eleven characters often use stereotypes with individual functions, bothcognitive and affective. This is evidenced by the thirty-seven data ofstereotyping utterances that refers to individual functions. Characters inZootopia movie tend to use stereotypes to summarize information aboutthingsthathavejustbeenencountered.Byusingthelimitedinformationthattheuserhas,inthiscasestereotypescanhelptheuserindeterminingattitudesandknowingthecharacteristicsofothercharacters.Besidesthat,stereotypesarealsousedbycharacterstomakestereotypeduserslookbetterthanothercharactersorinotherwordsalsofunctionasself-defense.

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AN ANALYSIS OF STEREOTYPE IN ZOOTOPIA MOVIE

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