AN ADVANCEMENT TO CONTROL NOISE AND...

IJREAS VOLUME 6, ISSUE 3 (March, 2016) (ISSN 2249-3905) International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (IMPACT FACTOR – 6.573)

International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org

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AN ADVANCEMENT TO CONTROL NOISE AND EMISSION

P.Yagnasri1, Assistant Professor

Department of mechanical engineering, Gurunanak institutions technical campus,

Hyderabad, India.

R.Hussain Vali2, Assistant Professor,

Gurunanak institutions technical campus Hyderabad, India.

K.R.Yellukumar3

Assistant Professor, Gurunanak institutions technical campus

Hyderabad, India.

ABSTRACT An Aqua silencer is an advancement to control noise and emission in an automobile. Automobile is the field which is known for pollution due to the emission of toxic pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Lead. The other sources such as electric power, generating stations and industrial processing also contribute majorly in environment contamination. So it is indispensable that serious attempts to be made to conserve environment from degradation. An AQUA SILENCER is an attempt in this direction. It is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine. Sound produced under water is less hearable than it produced in atmosphere. This mainly because of small sprockets in water molecules, which lowers its amplitude thus, lowers the sound level. Because of this property water is used in this silencer and hence its name AQUA SILENCER.

Keywords: perforated tube, CO, HC, wire mesh.

INTRODUCTION

In general, the consumption of fuel is an index for finding out the economic strength of any country. Inspire, we cannot ignore the harmful effects of the large mass of the burnt gases, which erodes the purity of our environment every day. It is especially in most developed countries like USA and EUOPE. While, constant research is going on to reduce the toxic content of engine exhaust. An aqua silencer is used to control the noise and emission of engine exhaust. The main contribution of the air pollution is automobiles releasing the gases like carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons etc. In order to avoid this type of gases by introducing the aqua silencer. It is fitted to the exhaust pipe of the engine, Sound produced under water is less hearable than it produced in atmosphere. This mainly because of small sprockets in water molecules, which lowers its amplitude thus, lowers the sound level. The emission can be controlled by using the activated charcoal layer and it is highly porous and posses extra free valences so it has high absorption capacity. So absorb the gases from the engine and release much less position to the environment. The noise and smoke level is considerable less than the conventional silencer, no need of catalytic converter and easy to install.



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SILENCERSELECTIONFACTORS

The use of an exhaust silencer is prompted by the need to reduce the engine exhaust noise. In most applications the final selection of an exhaust silencer is based on a compromise between the predicted acoustical, aerodynamic, mechanical and structural performance in conjunction with the cost of the resulting system.

ACOUSTICAL PERFORMANCE

The acoustical performance criterion specifies the minimum insertion loss (IL) of the silencer, and is usually presented in insertion loss values for each octave band as well as an overall expected noise reduction value. The insertion loss is determined from the free field sound pressure levels measured at the same relative locations with respect to the outlet of the unsilenced and silenced systems. The insertion loss of a silencer is essentially determined by measuring the noise levels of piping systems before and after the insertion of a silencer in the exhaust stream. Exhaust system configurations as well as mechanical design can have a substantial impact on the performance of exhaust silencer and should be considered at the time of specification.

AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE

The aerodynamic performance criterion specifies the maximum acceptable pressure drop through the silencer (back pressure of the silencer). The exhaust flow rate and temperature from the engine manufacturer are required to accurately predict the back pressure of a silencer and piping system. Selection of an exhaust silencer is based on the diameter of the connecting piping.

MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE

The mechanical performance criterion specifies the material properties of the exhaust system to ensure that it is durable and requires little maintenance when incorporated into service. Material selection is especially important in cases involving high temperature or corrosive gases. Traditional carbon steels are sufficient for the majority of applications using diesel fueled generators.

STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE

The structural performance criterion can specify the geometric restrictions and maximum allowable volume or weight of the silencer that can substantially influence the silencer design process. Secondary loading (weight) of the silencer can also affect the design and cost of the exhaust system. Customized silencers can easily be designed when the force and moment values that can be placed on a connection are indicated at the time of quotation.

CONSTRUCTION OF ACQUA SILENCER

Basically an aqua silencer consists of a perforated tube which is installed at the end of the exhaust pipe. The perforated tube may have holes of the different diameters. The very purpose of providing different diameter hole is to break up gas mass to form smaller gas bubbles. The perforated tube of different diameters generally consists of 4 sets of holes drilled on the perforated tube. The other end of the tube is closed by plug. Around the circumference of the perforated tube a layer of activated charcoal is provided and further a metallic mesh covers it. The whole unit is then placed in a water container. A small opening is provided at the top of the container to remove exhaust gases and a drain plug is provided at the bottom of the container for periodical cleaning of



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container. A filler plug is mounted at the top of container. At the inlet of the exhaust pipe a non-return valve is provided which prevents the back flow of gases and water.

The stainless steel (grade 316) is taken and fabricated into cylindrical shape. The cylinder is closed at one end and an opening is provided at the other end so that exhaust gases can travel into cylinder. For uniform heat distribution a long pipe of same material is used. The side valve placed at the inlet will not allow emission gases to create back pressure. The other end of inlet rod is perforated with different diameter holes to break the emission particles into small particles.

Fig.1 Construction details of AQUA silencer

Fig.2AQUA silencer

SPECIFICATIONS

Total length of silencer – 82.5cm Diameter of cylindrical surface – F39.4cm Diameter of exhaust pipe – F8.3cm Length of inlet drain – 5cm Length of outlet drain – 5cm Diameter of outlet drain – F8.3 Length of inlet gases pipe – 56.5cm



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One side valve diameter – F2.5cm Length of inlet gases pipe till valve – 41.4cm Length of inlet gases pipe after valve – 6.5cm Total height of silencer – 49.4cm Diameter of closed CAP –F25cm Diameter of inlet gases pipe diameter – F8.3cm Weight of silencer without water and charcoal – 44kg Weight of silencer with water and charcoal – 49kg

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The fig.3 shows the CO emissions of the silencer before and after connecting the AQUA silencer. It is observed that before connecting AQUA silencer emission % is 1.22 which is greater than the emission% after connecting AQUA silencer. In AQUA silencer activated charcoal layer absorbs the unburnt carbon emissions from exhaustgas, due to this phenomenon CO emissions of exhaust gas are reduced. The reduction of CO emissions are observed to reduce from1.22% to 0.25%.Simillarly fig.4 shows the HC emissions before and after connecting the AQUA Silencer.By connecting the AQUA silencer HC emissions are reduced from 1987ppm to 1100ppm.

Fig.3 CO emissions before and after connecting the AQUA Silencer

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

CO(before connecting AQUA

SILENCER)

CO(after connecting AQUA

SILENCER)

Regulation

Actual reading



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Fig.4 HC emissions before and after connecting the AQUA Silencer

Pollution check conducted before connecting AQUA SILENCER

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

HC(before connecting AQUA

SILENCER)

HC(after connecting AQUA

SILENCER)

Regulation

Actual reading



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Pollution check conducted after connecting AQUA SILENCER

CONCLUSION

Aqua silencer is smokeless and pollution free emission and also it is economical. This aqua silencer’s performance is almost equivalent to the conventional silencer. It can be used for both twowheelers and four wheelers and also can be used in industries. It is more effective in the reduction of emission gases from the engine exhaust using perforated tube and charcoal.By using perforated tube fuel consumption remains same as conventional system and the backpressure will remain constant with reduction in sound level. The results shown above are conducted on HONDA SHINE 2-WHEELER.Based on emission analysis conducted following results are obtained: CO emission is reduced from 1.22% to 0.25%. HC emission is reduced from 1987 to 1100.

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[6]JihuiYang, Stabler FrancisR. Automotive application for thermoelectric materials. JElectronMater2009; 38:1245–51. [7] Martinez JG, VianD, AstrainA, Rodriguez BerrioI. Optimization of the heat exchangers of a thermo electric generation system. JElectronMater 2010; 39:1463–8 [8] http://chennaiy.blogspot.in [9] http://aquapowerltd.com [10] Environmental Pollution Analysis- Khopkar [11] Internal Combustion of Engines- M. L. Mathur, R. P. Sharma [12] http://www.universalaet.com

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