An Advanced Scientific Graphing Calculator

8/12/2019 An Advanced Scientific Graphing Calculator

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The HP 48G/GX combines an easy-to-learn graphical user interface withadvanced mathematics and engineering functionality, expanded memory

capability, and seven new plot types.

Fig. 1.


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DRAW


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Fig. 2.

System ROM 224K Covered ROM32K Unused Controller Address Space

Larger Addresses

H

i g h e r

P r i o r i

t y

Extra 2K

Port 2 128K

Port 1 128K

System RAM 32K

MMIO

Fig. 3.

System ROM Covered ROM 32K

Larger Addresses

H i g h e r

P r i o r i

t yPort 1 128K

MMIO

System RAM (Shrunken)

Covered Code to beExecuted In-Place

Unused


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Fig. 4.

System ROM

Covered ROM 32K

Larger Addresses

H

i g h e r

P r i o r i

t yPort 1 (128K)

MMIO System RAM(Shrunken)

Covered Code and Datato Copy to Mailbox

Unused

Mailbox inSystem RAM

TEMPOB

TEMPOB

TEMPOB

TEMPOB

Fig. 5. TEM POB

System ROM

Covered ROM 32K

Larger Addresses

H i g h e r

P r i o r i

t yPort 1 (128K)

MMIO

System RAM

Covered ROM Words to Copyto the TEMPOB Area

Unused

Mailbox inSystem RAM

TEMPOB Area


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Fig. 6. TEM POB

Property List Flags

ROMPTR Body

ROM Word Body

Property List Item

Property List ItemProperty List Item

Property List Item

Property List Item

In ROM

DOROMP

ROMPTR Body

ROM Word Body

Mark and Link

In TEMPOB

Mark and LinkROMPTRPreceding

Object

TEMPOB

TEMPOB

Fig. 7.

System ROM I (256K)

Higher Addresses

H i g h e r

P r i o r i

t y

Port 1 (128K)

MMIO

Bank SwitchControl

System RAM (128K)

System ROM II (256K)

(2K)

Port 24M Bytes in128K Banks


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Fig. 8.

TEM POB

Port 1 (128K)

Port 24M Bytes in

128K Banks

System ROM I (256K)

Higher Addresses

H

i g h e r

P r i o r i

t y

MMIO

Bank SwitchControl

System RAM (128K)


(2K)

Port 1Unconfigured

Fig. 9. TEM POB

System ROM I (256K)

Higher Addresses

H i g h e r

P r i o r i

t y

MMIO


Ports 1 & 2Unconfigured

Port 1 (128K)


Bank SwitchControl

System RAM (128K)

(2K)

Fig. 10. TEM POB

Port 1 (128K)

Bank SwitchControl (2K)


System ROM I (256K)

Higher Addresses

H i g h e r

P r i o r i

t y

MMIO

System RAM (128K)



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Fig. 11.


System ROM I (256K)

Higher Addresses

H i g h e r

P r i o r i

t y

MMIO

System RAM (128K)


Port 1(Shrunken)

Port 2

(Shrunken)

Fig. 12.


System ROM I (256K)

Higher Addresses

H i g h e r

P r i o r i

t y

MMIO

System RAM (32K)


Port 1(Shrunken)

Port 2(Shrunken)


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A18 CE3

NAND

A18 CE3

NAND


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Fig. 13.

Label

HelpLine

Title

Field

Menu

Set Alarm I/O Transfer

Set Alarm

I/O Transfer

OVWR

Fig. 14.

EDIT

Transfer Name

Fig. 15.

CHOOS


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Fig. 16.

CHK

DRAW Plotting

Fig. 17.

CHOOS

Fig. 18.

STAT

EXPR Integrate

Solve Equation

INFO

Fig. 19.


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Fig. 20.

FALSE

TRUE

FALSE

Fig. 21. Solve Equation IN FO

NEW

OK


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Fig. 22. NEW

SLOPE-

FIELD WIREFRAME YSLICE PCONTOUR GRIDMAP PARSUR-FACE

EQ

EQ

INDEP DEPEND

WIREFRAME

YSLICE PCONTOUR

SLOPEFIELD

GRIDMAP

PARSURFACE

VPAR PPAR VPAR

VPAR

VPAR

GRIDMAP PARSURFACE

GRIDMAP PARSURFACE

RES

SLOPEFIELDSLOPEFIELD

SLOPEFIELD

Fig. 23. VPAR

Top View

Y

View Screen

View VolumeZ

X

Zhigh

ZlowYfar

Ynear

Xleft Xright(Xe, Ye, Ze)

Y

XXleft Xright

Yfar

Ynear

(Xe, Ye, Ze)

View Screen 1 Unit


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Fig. 24. SLOPEFIELD

(2,3.6)

(0,2.8)

SuperimposedIntegral Curve

INDEP

DEPEND

XRNG

YRNG

RADIANS DEGREES GRADS

SLOPEFIELD

Example Problem

Solution SLOPEFIELD SIN(X* T) T X

RADIANS

WIREFRAMEWIREFRAME

PICT

Fig. 25.

1 Unit

Top View

Y

View Screen

Z

X

(Xe, Ye, Ze)

Y

X

(Xe, Ye, Ze)

View Screen

PlottedPoint

INDEP

DEPEND

XRNG

YRNG

YRNG

RADIANS DEGREES GRADS

WIREFRAME

Example Problem

Solution WIREFRAME X 44*X 2*Y^2+Y4 X Y

PICTURE

Fig. 26. XRNG

View Volume

XRNG

View Screen

YRNG (Xe, Ye, Ze)


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Fig. 27. W IREFRAM E

SLOW SLOW

SLOW

ON +

ANIMATE

PICT

PICTURE

EDITDOT+

STO STO

CANCEL PICTURE

ANIMATE 6 ENTER

ANIMATE

GROB PRG ANIMATE


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Although the primary focus of the new user interface for the HP 48G/GX was toenhance our built-in applications, it became apparent as the project progressedthat calculator owners who program would want access to the same capabilities toenhance their efforts. For the choose box, message box, and especially the inputform tools, the biggest challenge involved scaling back the numerous features toproduce simple user commands that still offer customization potential.

The message box command,MSGBOX, was designed to display pop-up mes-sages with a minimum of fuss. Thus, it takes just one argumentthe messagestringand produces a word-wrapped normal-sized message box.

The choose box command,CHOOSE, is slightly more complicated. To enable butnot require the same object-oriented use of choose boxes as the built-in applica-tions, theCHOOSE command accepts a list of items in two formats. In the simplestformat, an item is specified by a single object, which is displayed and returned ifchosen. In the alternate format, an item is specified by a two-element list object.The first element is displayed in the choose box, and the second element is returnedif the item is chosen.

For simplicity of the user interface,CHOOSE displays a normal-sized choose boxwithout the multiple-choice capability used by some built-in applications.

The MSGBOX and CHOOSE commands largely follow the same interface specifica-tion methods as their system-level counterparts. This differs markedly from the input

form user command,INFORM. To maintain complete flexibility over all elements ofform layout and behavior, the input forms engine takes three arguments for eachlabel and thirteen arguments for each field, specifying such details as exact locationand size, display format, and so on. Added to that are global arguments for theform procedure and form title and some other details. All together, an input formwith four labeled fields requires 68 arguments. While this amount of information is justified for the varied needs of built-in applications, it is an unnecessary burdenfor programmers just wanting to get some simple input from the user.

For theINFORM command, therefore, we developed an automatic form layoutscheme that serves most needs, with options for further detailing. Basically, theINFORM input form is viewed as a grid that is filled with fields starting in the upper-left corner and proceeding from left to right and top to bottom. The number of

Fig. 1 . A custom input form created byINFORM.

Field Specifications

5:Personal Information4: { Name: {} {}Bldg: Phone: {}Notes: {} {}}3: { 3 5 }2: { }1: { }

Title

Field Expander

Column Count (3)and Tab Width (5)Reset and Current

Values

INFORM

columns in the grid is specified as one ofINFORMs arguments, and each fieldswidth is determined by the width of its label and by the user-supplied tab width,which places invisible tab stops within each column to help align fields vertically. Afield can span multiple columns with a special field-expander specification. Helptext and object type restrictions can be included for any field, but arent required.

Fig. 1 shows an example of a custom input form created byINFORM. Notice that,despite the relative simplicity of the input arguments, an input form with alignedfields of varying widths is presented. This technique for building input forms provedso valuable that it was used to create theSolve Equation input form, which changesaccording to the number and names of variables in the equation to be solved.


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PROOT

FFT IFFT

FYY FYT

EQ

EQ FYY FYT

EQ

RES

RES RES

RES

AXES

* Stiff problems typically have solution components with large differences in time scale. Moreinformation is needed by a solver to compute a solution efficiently.


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An Advanced Scientific Graphing Calculator

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