Amphibious Ship Types

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Contents

1. General Aspects -1

Types of Amphibious Ships

2. Amphibious Transport Dock (LPD)

-2

3. Dock Lanin! Ship "LSD# -$

%. Amphibious Assault Ships - LHD/LHA

-7

$. Landing Ship Tank (LST)

-!"

Amphibious Crafts

&. Landing #ra$t Air #ushion (L#A#)

-12

'. Lanin! Craft( )echani*e An +tility - -14

LC),LC+

ther ehicles

/. Li!ht Amphibious 0esupply( Car!o"LA0C# -1&

. Amphibious Assault ehicle "AA# -1'


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General Aspects An amphibious ship is understood as that

destined to carry out landing operations, sending men,

weapons and materials necessary for actions on land, directly

or using the means that it transports (landing craft and

helicopters).

The amphibious operations developed during the

Second orld ar were carried out under the tactical concept

of the availability of ships to carry a combat force and directly

situate it on the beach. After the Second orld !up war many

navies too" over amphibious ships from the inventories of the

#oyal $avy and especially of the %S $avy.

An amphibious operation is a military operation

launched from the sea by naval and landing forces embar"ed in

ships or craft involving a landing on a hostile or potentially

hostile shore. An amphibious operation re&uires e'tensive air

participation and is characteried by closely integrated eorts

of forces trained, organied, and e&uipped for dierent combat

functions. The comple'ity of amphibious operations and thevulnerability of forces engaged in these operations re&uire an

e'ceptional degree of unity of eort and operational coherence.

*n recent years many large and medium+sied

navies have included amphibious ships with broad multipurpose

capacities in their inventories, capable of carrying out tas"s of a

militar% natur& and in support for the civilian population in

cases of catastroph& or natural disast&r. These are ships

with a displacement of between ,--- and -,--- tonnes at fullload, capable of operating for lengthy periods in waters far from

their base and are e&uipped with a capacity to operate landing

craft and helicopters and in some cases /0ST aircraft.

The purpose of amphibious ships can be summarised as

follows 3+

• ifts the armed forces and deploys them far from its

natural borders.

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• They carry troops and other armoured vehicles and their

crew.

• /ery important in tactical warfare and deploying forces in

carrying out supreme attac"s.

• Also used in rendering assistance to civil authorities at the

time of natural calamities.

Types of Amphibious Ships

A'PH*+S T,ASP*,T D*#.

(LPD)

'SS*3 To transport and land troops, e&uipment, and

supplies by means of embar"ed landing craft and amphibious

vehicles augmented by helicopter lift.

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(*mage 3 *$S

4alashwa of *ndian $avy)

An amphibious transport doc", also called a

landing plat$orm/dock (LPD), is an amphibious warfare ship,

a warship that embar"s, transports, and lands elements of a

landing force for e'peditionary warfare missions. Several naviescurrently operate this "ind of ship. The ships are generally

designed to transport troops into a war one by sea, primarily

using landing cra$t, although invariably they also have the

capability to operate transport h&licopt&rs.

San Antonio class of %S $avy

anding 5latform 6oc" 7568 can ballast down in the water,

thereby 9ooding the well dec" with enough water to enable

various sied landing craft to enter the well dec" through the

stern gate door. nce doc"ed inside the well dec", troops,

supplies and combat e&uipment can be loaded into or o of the

amphibious boats and vehicles while simultaneously

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transporting troops and e&uipment via helicopter from the 9ight

dec".

The 56 has a helicopter platform built over a well

dec" in the rear of the vessel. This provides the tacticaladvantage of being able to lift troops, their combat e&uipment

and supplies onto the same ship. Therefore, the ship

contributes to all phases of the amphibious assault. The well

dec" are upper and lower vehicle storage areas, which hold

most of the embar"ed troops; heavy combat e&uipment, such

as tan"s, trac"ed amphibious landing vehicles (AA/), . She was

commissioned on 22 4une 2--?. *$S She is based in

/isa"hapatnam under the @astern $aval !ommand.

Sp&&d3 2- "nots

oats 1 landing cra$t carri&d3

1 !A!, or (anding !raft, Air !ushion)

1 !%, or (anding !raft %tlity)

!B+, or

C !B+D, or (anding !raft Bechanied)

2 AA/ (Amphibious Assault /ehicle)


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D*#. LAD SHP (LSD)

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'SS*3 To transport and land troops, e&uipment, and

supplies by means of embar"ed landing craft and amphibiousvehicles augmented by helicopter lift.

(*mage 3

%SS Earpers =erry )

A doc" landing ship (also called landing ship, doc"

or S6) is an amphibious warfare ship with a well doc" to

transport and launch landing craft and amphibious vehicles.

Some ships with well dec"s, such as the Soviet *van #ogov

class, also have bow doors to enable them to deliver vehicles

directly onto a beach.

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6oc" anding Ships support amphibious operations

including landings via anding !raft Air !ushion (!A!),

conventional landing craft and helicopters, onto hostile shores.

An amphibious connector prototype embar"s the amphibious doc" landing

ship +SS ,ushmor& (LSD 37)

Di4&r&nc& b&t0&&n a Landing Ship Dock 5LSD6 and a

Landing Plat$orm Dock 5LPD6 *nitially the 56 had a

helicopter landing dec", whereas the S6 did not. Bore

recently, while the S6 has ac&uired a helicopter landing dec",

it lac"s the helicopter hangar found on the 56. American S6stypically carry --+>-- troops, while the 56s carry ?--+C--

troops.

S6s are focused on cargo and 56s on personnel.

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A'PH*+S ASSA+LT SHPS -

LHD/LHA

'SS*3 and and support ground forces on enemy territory

by an amphibious assault.

(*mage 3%SS America (EA+D))

LHA- Landing ship H&licopt&r Assault3 Feneral+purpose

amphibious assault ships that serve both landing craft and


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helicopters, with a primar% &mphasis on a8iation rather

than landing craft.

LHD - Landing ship H&licopt&r Dock 3 Bulti+purpose

amphibious assault ships that can deliver, elements of alanding force by air and amphibious craft.

These assault ships have a $ull l&ngth 9ight d&ck and a

starboard island 7li"e an aircraft carrier8. This is the most

obvious dierence with other ships li"e 56s.

ith the e'ception of America+class ships, EA+D and EA+?, all

other EAs and E6s have well dec".

:&ll D&ck Plan o$ LHA

!A! + 1 0 -

!% + 2 0

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:&ll D&ck Plan o$ LHD

!A! + : 0 -

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!% + - 0 2

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ell 6ec" f %SS Go'er (E6+) and an !% (anding !raft %tility)

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LAD SHP TA. (LST)

'SS*3 Shore to shore delivery of tan"s, amphibious assaultvehicles, and troops.

(*mage3 *$S Airavat)

*n the ** era, there was a need for relatively

large, ocean+going ships that could handle shor&-to-shor&

d&li8&r% o$ tanks and other vehicles in amphibious

assaults. As an interim measure, three shallow+draft tan"ers

were converted to STs. o0 doors and ramps were added to

these ships, which became the Hrst tan" landing ships. These

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modiHcations made it possible for vehicles to disembar"

directly from the ship to the beach.

Truc"s driven down the ramp of an ST

S Aira8at is the third Shardul+class tan"landing ship of the *ndian $avy. She was built by Farden #each

Shipbuilders I @ngineers in Jol"ata and began sea trials in 4uly

2-- after completing basin trials in Bay.

hile primarily designed for amphibious assault

operations, Airavat;s missions also include humanitarian

assistanc& 1 disast&r r&li&$ (EA6#) during natural disasters,

including tsunamis, cyclones and earth&ua"es. She has a fully

functioning hospital on+board, the capacity to carry >--soldiers, and can provide stern refueling for other naval vessels.

!apacity of the *$S Airavat3

• 11 BGT (Bain Gattle Tan")

• 1- infantry truc"s

• >-- troops

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Amphibious Crafts

LAD #,A;T A, #+SH*

(L#A#)

'SS*3 Air cushioned vehicle for transporting, ship+to+shore

and across the beach, personnel, weapons, e&uipment, and

cargo of the assault elements

(*

mage3 A %S $avy !A!)

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The anding !raft, Air !ushion (!A!), a class of air+cushion

vehicle (hovercraft), is a high+speed, over+the+beach $ull%

amphibious landing cra$t, capable of carrying a D-+?> tonpayload. *t is used to transport the weapons systems,

e&uipment, cargo and personnel of the assault elements of the

Barine Air+Fround Tas" =orce from ship to shor& and across

th& b&ach.

!A! can carry heavy payloads, such as an B+1

tan", at high speeds. The !A! payload capability and speed

combine to signiHcantly increase the ability of the Barine

Fround @lement to reach the shore. Air cushion t&chnolog%allows this vehicle to reach more than 7" p&rc&nt o$ th&

0orld percent of that

coastline is accessible by conventional landing craft.

Kubr class !A!, world;s largest hovercraft

The versatile !A! can traverse snow, marsh, ice, tundra and

sand. n land, it can traverse obstacles as high as four feet. n

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missions ranging from transporting cargo to minesweeping, the

!A! is designed to function in e'treme conditions ranging

from Arctic cold to Sahara heat.

LAD #,A;T '=#HA>=D

AD +TLT? - L#'/L#+

'SS*3 Transporting trac"ed or wheeled vehicles and troops

from amphibious assault ships to beachheads or piers.

(*

mage3 A %S $avy !%)

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anding craft are used by amphibious forces to transport

e&uipment and troops to the shore. anding craft are also used

to support civilian humanitarian0maritime operations.

!Bs have a bow ramp for onload0oLoad. !%s have both bow

and stern ramps for onload0oLoad and have the ability to

operate at sea for up to 1- days.

The use of landing craft in amphibious assault dates from orld

ar **. The craft are carried aboard amphibious assault ships to

the ob-

!argo + 1?- tons/ehicle capacity + 2 B1A1 (tan")

Bultiple other vehicles

*ndia currently has si' !%s of the B" *** class and four !%s of

the B" */ class.

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*ndian $avy anding !raft %tility built by F#S@

ther ehicles

LHT A'PH*+S ,=S+PPL?

#A,* (LA,#)

A#!+/ /ehicle

Aluminium+hulled amphibious vehicle to transport onto the

beach, personnel and cargo discharged from deep+water ships.

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riginally it was used to ferry supplies from ship to shore, or if

re&uired, further inland.

*n addition to the %nited States, A#!s have been used by

military forces in Australia, Argentina, 5ortugal, The 5hilippinesand *celand. A#!+/s were used e'tensively by the %S Army

and $avy for beach supply during the /ietnam ar.

The LA,#-@ had3

'aimum sp&&d

C "nots (water)

:- mph (land)

#argo capacit%

> t

*t can also carry 2- fully e&uipped troops, plus the crew of

three.

A'PH*+S ASSA+LT @=H#L=

(AA@)

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6esigned to assault any shoreline from the well dec"s of $avy

assault ships, AA/s are highly mobile, trac"ed armored

amphibious vehicles that transport troops and cargo to andthrough hostile territory.

Typically, the Hrst vehicles to land during beach raids and

assaults. perates at speeds of ?2 "m0h on landN +1- "nots in

water.

!an Hre on land and water. @nough fuel to drive >-- "m inland.

@ight smo"e grenade launchers. Turret armed with .>- cal

machinegun and -mm grenade launcher

5resently manufactured by %.S. !ombat Systems. Bitsubishi is

also building an amphibious assault vehicle.

0eferences21


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+S ay - http4,,555.nay.mil

6ikipeia

http4,,555.military-toay.com,

http4,,555.nasource.or!,

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