Bolitoglossa schizodactylaVideo by BBC

What’s coming for AmphibiaWeb

(b)Educational Resources Section(including Amphibian Morphology)

More Multilingual Species Accounts: Portuguese, French, Chinese, & Spanish

Phylogenetic Trees-Browsing trees via integration of Tree of Life and AmphibiaTree-Mapping Trees

Pseudacris regillaPhoto by Glenn McCrea

http://www.ogleearth.com/2006/05/diy_phylogeneti.html

E. Recuero et al. / Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (2006) 293–304

“ hypochondriaca” and “ curta,” and 1.71% within the“ curta” clade. Distances between the “northwestern” groupand the other two ranged from 5 to 6.5%.

The results of the likelihood ratio test showed no signi W-cant diVerences in the likelihood scores when comparingtrees estimated with or without enforcing a molecular clock(with: ¡ ln L D 1972.2613; without, ¡ ln L D 1929.5946,ratio D 85.333496; dfD 77; pD 0.24133). Thus, the nullhypotheses of homogeneous evolutionary rates amongsequences cannot be rejected.

Subsequent analyses were performed on the three mainmt-DNA lineages recovered within “southern” popula-tions: the “La Laguna” group (populations 1–3), the“oases” group (populations 4–5), and the “ hypochondriaca”group (populations 6–18 and 22–26).

3.2. Molecular diversity

Values of nucleotide and haplotype diversity are pre-sented in Table 2 . In general, the values of haplotypic diver-sity observed are high (0.78–0.90) and similar between themain mt-DNA lineages, although it was always highest in

the hypochondriaca group, where up to 18 haplotypes wereobserved, and lowest in the “oases” group (six haplotypes).

Results from AMOVA indicate that most of theobserved variation among mt-DNA lineages is related todiVerences between groups (68.03% of the total varianceobserved). Lower values were observed for variance relatedto diVerences among populations within groups (15.50%)and within populations (16.47%). All hierarchical compo-nents of genetic variation were highly signi(p< 0.0001).

3.3. Phylogeography

Haplotypes from the “central” and “northwestern”groups fall outside the 95% con Wdence limit for the maxi-mum parsimony connection of haplotypes, which was at 10 mutational steps. The remaining 33 haplotypes werearranged in a nested design within a single Wve-step clade(Fig. 4 ). The three main mt-DNA groups recovered in thephylogenetic analyses of haplotypes (“Laguna,” “Oases,”and “ hypochondriaca”) corresponded to three-step clades3–4, 3–1, and 3–2 + 3–3, respectively.

Fig. 2. Neighbor-joining tree based on maximum-likelihood corrected genetic distances depicting relationships between cytb haplotypes (Table 1“Southern” and “Central” clades in this study. Bootstrap values (MP, ML, and % Bayesian posterior probabilities) at relevant no des are shown. The maingroups used in the nested clade analysis of sequence data are also shown (see also Fig. 4 ). Haplotype XI also occurs in some Central Clade populations.

0.001 substitutions/site

XIXXXVII

XXIIIXXV

XXVI

XXXXII

XXIVXXI

“La Laguna”(NC 3-4)

III

IIIV

IV

VI

“Oases”(NC 3-1)

“curta”(NC 4-1)

VIIVIII

IXX

XXVIIIXVII

XIXIV

XVI

XXIXXVIII

XIIIXXX

XXXIIXXXIII

XXXIXII

XV

(NC 3-2)

(NC 3-3)

“hypochondriaca”(NC 4-2)

XXXIVXXXV

XXXVIIXXXVIXXXIXXXXVIII

Central Clade

Southern Clade

(NC 5-1)

83/88/100

89/84/93

69/76/100

Contact: amphibiaweb@lists.berkeley.edu

Species Accounts Photographs Range maps

Sound/Video FilesReviewing dataContributing content

You can help by contributing:Help build AmphibiaWeb!

A Dynamic Synergism: Mapping Species Distributions Using Global Georeferenced Data

Interacting with DataAmphibiaWeb maps are produced by overlaying museum specimen data from HerpNET (blue/green markers) onto Global Amphibian Assessment range estimations (orange) with USGS topoquad or Google satellite maps. BerkeleyMapper ‘s features allow users to interact with data from HerpNET providers.

The Future

BerkeleyMapper features:

· Uncertainty: Uncertainty or maximum error radius around point data can be displayed.

· Vector Range Maps: Species distribution estimate from Global Amphibian Assessment can be viewed with the data.

· Markers and Pop-Up Balloons: Clicking on the data markers displays a pop-up balloon showing specific locality information and specimen collection code; one can scroll through multiple specimen records at a single locality. Balloons will display the number of specimens at each locality.

· Spatial Queries: Users can draw lines and polygons to get length and area. Points falling within the selected areas can be queried. The data for selected points can be displayed below the map.

· Get Coordinates: User can retrieve decimal latitude and longitude directly in map and define an error radius in meters for on-the-fly georeferencing.

· Interchangeable Base Maps: Google API interface allows access to Google, TerraServer, and WebMap services. Like Google Maps, the surface is customizable, allowing users to choose between satellite or features base maps.

· Services and Analytical Functions: Creates histogram of specimen occurrence by spatial feature, either US County or Jepson Bioregion for California. Click on histogram bar to display its tabularized specimen data.

HerpNET (www.herpnet.org) led a global multi-institutional effort to georeference over 3.2 million amphibian and reptile specimen records. All data are viewable via the HerpNET portal or from AmphibiaWeb species pages using BerkeleyMapper. Starting with 36 North American institutions funded by NSF, HerpNET now consists of 62 global institutions from 13 countries. Additionally, over 150 people have participated in 11 georeferencing workshops run by HerpNET personnel in 5 countries. Training materials from these workshops are available online.

397,672 unique localities were georeferenced for 43 HerpNET participating institutions and are shown on the map above. These include both NSF and GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) funded global institutions. These data include only those localities that were completed by HerpNET from 2003-2008 and do not include records that were georeferenced prior to that time.

Claimed by No. Of

Localities Geography AMS* 46,000 AMS only (Australia and New Guinea)

BPBM1 5,030 Hawaii, New Guinea BYU 4,208 Utah

Carnegie 12,399 Mississippi, Pennsylvania, West Virginia

CAS 32,427 California (northern counties and CAS records), Iran, Kenya, Myanmar, Philippines (CAS only), Tanzania, Uganda

CIB* 63,832 CIB only (China)

Cornell 3,529 New York FMNH 6,287 Egypt, Indiana, Libya, Michigan, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago INHS 9,767 Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Ohio, Tennessee

KU 39,794 Ecuador, Hispaniola, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Peru, South Dakota, Venezuela, Wyoming

LACM 6,211 California (Orange and Riverside Counties) LSU 4,230 Louisiana

MCZ 18,689

Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, China, Congo, Cuba, Delaware, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Idaho, Indonesia, Japan, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Morocco, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Dakota, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, Rwanda, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Tunisia, Vermont, Zimbabwe

MHNG* 26,411 MHNG only (global) MSB 8,354 New Mexico

MVZ 48,497

Amazon, Arabian Desert, Arizona, Australia, Belize, Bermuda, California, Central America, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Georgia, Hawaii, Honduras, Hungary, Illinois, Louisiana, Madagascar, Nevada, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, South America (no country), Ukraine, US Minor Outlying Islands, United States (no state), Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Wisconsin

PSM 7,463 Idaho, Oregon, Washington Raffles* 11,704 Raffles only (global)

RMCA* 112,000 RMCA only (global)

RMMU 1,601 Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory

ROM 466 Ontario SDNHM 7,399 California - Imperial and San Diego Counties

SMNS* 7,075 SMNS only (global) TCWC 13,117 TCWC only (Texas) TNHC 4,406 Texas - Northern and Panhandle regions of Texas

UAMZ 699 UAMZ only (Alberta) UCM 3,888 Colorado, Japan UF 15,724 UF only (Florida) UGA 6,966 Georgia UNAM 67,887 Mexico

USNM 24,273 Alaska, Marshall Islands, Maryland, North Carolina, Palau, Paraguay, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington, D.C.

UTA 3,201 Texas - Dallas and Tarrant Counties UTEP 11,559 Texas - Western counties YPM 400 Connecticut ZIN* 3,152 ZIN only (global)

* Funded by GBIF. 1 Funded by GBIF and NSF.

Who Completed What

HerpNET, ORNIS, MaNIS and FishNet are taxon-based web portals that now serve georeferenced data on vertebrates from over 103 global institutions, of which 48 participate in multiple portals. The demand to join these networks continues to grow. To explore integrated long-term plans for the future, and interim steering committee made of experts in the fields of biodiversity informatics and evolutionary biology is working to maintain and expand these distributed database projects with funding from the USGS National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII). We call this cooperative project VertNet. Future plans include implementation of an online user survey for the VertNet community, enhancement of the portal design, better searching capabilities, a dynamic cache and expanding mapping and analytic features.

AmphibiaWeb’s core consists of an online searchable database with species accounts and media files, including:

HerpNET supplies over 5.5 million specimen records, many georeferenced, from a worldwide collaboration of 60 herpetological collections in a single data portal, building common practices and stronger community.

New species data can be visualized with cartograms. From 2004-2008, top countries for new amphibian species: Brazil (105); Peru (90); Papua New Guinea (66); Sri Lanka (48).

Extensive background on amphibian declines: -Exploration of factors associated with declines -Literature list, updated monthly by Tim Halliday -List of researchers (ask to be included)

Species accounts: 2,423 accounts for 1,888 species (as of August 2008)

Image, sound and video files: -12,696 photos of 2, 423 amphibian species -Over 250 photos added each month -168 calls and videos, as of August 2008

Current number of amphibian species, 6,362 species, as of August 2008 (updated daily with new species)

Biodiversity informatics has expanded dramatically in the last ten years to include multiple points of access to repositories of basic herpetologi-cal natural history information. Providing a context for these global resources, AmphibiaWeb and HerpNET are common data portals of herpetological exper-tise where users can conduct scientific inquiries as well as gain information on declines, conservation, natural history, and taxonomy. Together, AmphibiaWeb and HerpNET have collaborated to display cutting-edge dynamic mapping for amphibian species by overlaying vouchered, georeferenced specimen data and Global Amphibian Assessment’s range estimations onto satellite and USGS topo-quad base maps. Georeferenced museum data available on this scale are essential for biodiversity research (such as species distributional modeling) and invaluable for repatriation of specimen data to their countries of origin.

Training Workshops & Materials: 10 georeferencing workshops were conducted in 4 countries with circa 200 participants from over 120 institutions conducted in English and Spanish. Training materials, including videos, are online in English and Spanish.

Establishing Standards: The point-radius method of georeferencing was employed to standardize mapping techniques and calculate a common uncertainty estimate.

A Community of Data-Providers: From the original 36 North American institutions, HerpNEThas added 24 more collections from 12 countries outside North America. The participants georeferenced 293,940 global localities with NSF funds and 276,035 with GBIF. Currently, the HerpNET web portal allows access to data from 54 of these collections.

HerpNET sponsors include:

Thanks to the participating institutions

Visit HERPNET.ORG to search collection data

David B. Wake1, Linda Trueb5, Carol L. Spencer1, Michelle S. Koo1, Kellie L. Whittaker1, Vance T. Vredenburg4, Joyce Gross3 & Tate Tunstall2

AmphibiaWeb & HerpNET: On the Cutting Edge of Herpetological Biodiversity Informatics

1Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 2Department of Integrative Biology, and 3Berkeley Natural History Museums, University of California, Berkeley4Department of Biology, San Francisco State University & 5Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas, Lawrence

AmphibiaTree is a consortium of scientists at these universities:

Our goal is no less than a comprehensive tree of all amphibians.AmphibiaTree is part of the Tree of Life Program sponsored by

the National Science Foundation

Harvard UniversityUniversity of California, BerkeleyUniversity of Kansas, Lawrence

University of Texas, Austin

AmphibiaWeb is the Public Face of:

Past and Present AmphibiaWeb Sponsors: