Ammonia - Southern · PDF file4 SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK MANUFACTURING PROCESS...
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Ammonia CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TODAY NH 4 OH
Transcript of Ammonia - Southern · PDF file4 SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK MANUFACTURING PROCESS...
Ammonia
CREAT I V ES O LU T I O N S
TO DAY
NH4OH
CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TODAY
Southern Ionics Incorporated (SII) was founded in 1980 and is a privately owned organization. Our corporate headquarters and research facilities are located in West Point and Columbus
Mississippi respectively. We also possess manufacturing facilities throughout the Gulf Coast, Southeast, and Mid Atlantic, including four Aqua Ammonia supply points in Augusta, Georgia, Baton Rouge and Lake Charles, Louisiana, and Pasadena, Texas. Southern Ionics offers its customers the advantages of multiple manufacturing locations
combined with economical logistics and technical service.
CUSTOMER FOCUSSouthern Ionics is committed to building a team of motivated individuals who can advance the technology of our business, manufacture quality products, and provide our customers with the service and know-how to maximize the value of our products. For our customers, Southern Ionics provides comprehensive technical service and applications assistance for all products through our engineering, technical sales, and R&D personnel. Southern Ionics’ quality management system is certified to ISO 9001 Standards. Potable water treatment products are NSF certified for use. Many of our products meet the FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) requirements. Our Vision is to build a company that excels in safety, reliability, quality, and service. We strive to be a company our customers and employees trust, have confidence in, and can depend upon recognizing that excellence is a way of life built on every action we take.
CUSTOMER SERVICESafely exceeding customer expectations is our number one priority. SII has a centrally located Customer Service Department with toll free telephone (800 953-3585) and facsimile (800 953-3588) numbers for customer convenience while ordering during business hours. We also have a toll free number for after hours and emergencies. The after-hours operator is equipped with pertinent information to handle any customer request. This allows for 24 hour, 7 days a week, 365 days a year service to handle customer needs.
Inventory management is also available. SII personnel can monitor customer tank levels and usage rates by phone or automated phone and internet systems. SII then schedules delivery based on the customer’s inventory targets and usage rates.
PRODUCT INFORMATIONSouthern Ionics’ AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia is manufactured in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Distribution is also available from SII’s locations in Augusta, Georgia; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Lake Charles, Louisiana; and Pasadena, Texas. AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia is also known as ammonia solution. Southern Ionics manufactures our AQUA-CAT® ammonium hydroxide from purified anhydrous ammonia, and de-mineralized water. It is a colorless liquid with a strong odor. Concentrations up to a nominal 29% solution are available.
The main uses for AQUA-CAT® ammonia solution are:
1. SCR and SNCR for removal of nitrous oxides in stack emissions
2. Catalyst Manufacture
3. Pharmaceuticals
4. Specialty chemical manufacturing
5. Water treatment
6. Fiber manufacturing
CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TODAY
SII manufactures and markets the following products:
AQUA-CAT® AQUA AMMONIA
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE, POLYALUMINUM CHLORIDE, ALUMINUM CHLOROHYDRATE
ALUMINUM SULFATE SOLUTION, LOW IRON AND COMMERCIAL GRADE
ACID ALUM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
IRON FREE ACTIVATED ALUM
CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTION
CEMENT MANUFACTURING ADDITIVES
SODIUM ALUMINATE
SODIUM BISULFITE
SODIUM SULFITE
SODIUM THIOSULFATE
SODA ASH SOLUTION
MAGNESIUM SULFATE
VARIOUS ZIRCONIC® COMPOUNDS
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MANUFACTURING PROCESSAQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia is manufactured from de-mineralized (de-ionized) water and high purity anhydrous ammonia. The manufacturing method consists of the rapid dissolution of anhydrous ammonia vapor into de-mineralized water. The use of ammonia vapor produces a superior quality Aqua Ammonia solution to that produced from liquid anhydrous ammonia. The different strengths of AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia are typically made in a step-wise process with successive additions of anhydrous ammonia. This is done to increase the concentration of the ammonia in the liquid and, at the same time, allows the removal of the excess heat of reaction.
MANUFACTURING PROCESSLake Charles, Louisiana
Reverse Osmosis and Cationic, Anionic,
Mixed Demineralization and Polishing
Convertor AQUA-CAT®
AmmoniumHydroxide
De-mineralizedWater
AnhydrousAmmonia
Truck
Rail
MANUFACTURING PROCESSHouston Ammonia Terminal (HAT)
& Donaldsonville, Louisiana
AnhydrousAmmonia
PackedBed
AbsorberTruck
Rail
Primary Clarificationvia R/O or Clarifier,Cationic, Anionic, MixedBed Demineralizationand Polishing
AQUA-CAT®
De-mineralizedWater
Vapor
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PERSONAL SAFETYAQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia (Ammonium Hydroxide) solution is a hazardous material. Contact with eyes, skin, or mucous membranes can cause irritation. To avoid irritation, AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia should be handled in open or well-ventilated areas. Appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety goggles, rubber boots, rubber gloves, rubber aprons, and face shields, should be worn. Respirators should be worn unless the ventilation is adequate enough to keep airborne concentrations below the exposure standards. Ingestion of AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia can be fatal. THE MSDS MUST BE READ, UNDERSTOOD AND FOLLOWED BEFORE HANDLING AQUA-CAT® AQUA AMMONIA.
FIRST AID• EYES – Immediately flush with flowing water for at least 15 minutes with eyelids held apart.
Obtain medical attention.
• SKIN – Apply water immediately to exposed areas of skin and continue for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing while continuing to apply water. Do not apply salves or ointments to area. Obtain medical attention.
• INHALATION – Remove victim to fresh air. Give oxygen if breathing is difficult. If breathing has stopped, start artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention.
• INGESTION – DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If person is conscious, give large quantities of water and, if possible, diluted vinegar, lemon juice, orange juice, or other citric juices to neutralize the ammonia. Delay may cause perforation of esophagus or stomach. Obtain medical attention.
FIRE PROTECTIONFLASH POINT – N/A
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT – 15% of Ammonia Gas in Air by volume
UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT – 28% of Ammonia Gas in Air by volume
LIMITING OXYGEN CONCENTRATION – 15% O2 is the minimum to support combustion. Inert gas pad systems are recommended. Please see the data provided in the physical properties section of this handbook.
AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE - 850ºC, 1560ºF
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA – Water spray or fog type streams. Chemical extinguishers or CO2
extinguishers should be used on small fires only.
SPECIAL FIREFIGHTING PROCEDURES – Stop the flow of liquid. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool and to protect personnel affecting the shut off. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Approach fire upwind and evacuate area downwind if needed.
UNUSUAL FIRE & EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS – The presence of oil or other combustible materials will increase the fire hazard. The explosive (flammable) range of ammonia is broadened by a mixture of oxygen replacing air and by temperature and pressure higher than atmospheric. Aqua Ammonia storage tanks that do not use inert gas pads potentially may contain explosive vapor mixtures. Sources of ignition should be avoided.
REACTIVITY DATASTABILITY – Stable at temperatures below boiling point.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID – Heat, open flames, and electrical equipment and fixtures which are not vapor proof or grounded.
SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL & REGULATORY
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INCOMPATIBILITY – Strong acids, most common metals, strong oxidizing agents, mercury, chlorine, bromine, iodine, calcium, silver oxide, hypochlorite, bronze, brass, copper, and aluminum.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS – Ammonia is chemically reactive, easily undergoing oxidation, substitution, and additional reactions. Combustion of ammonia will yield small amounts of nitrogen and water.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION – Will not occur.
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE AND TOXICITY
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS – Burning of the eyes, conjunctivitis, skin irritation, swelling of the eyelids and lips, dry mouth and tongue, burning of the throat, and coughing. In more severe cases of exposure, difficulty breathing, signs and symptoms of lung congestions, and, ultimately, death from respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema may occur.
EFFECTS – Irritation and possible burns of the skin and mucous membranes. Headache, salivation, nausea, and vomiting. Difficult or labored breathing and cough with bloody mucous discharge. Bronchitis, laryngitis, hemotysis, and pulmonary edema or pneumonities. Ulceration of the conjunctiva and cornea, and corneal and lenticular opacities. Damage to the eyes may be permanent.
TOXICITY – Acute oral toxicity LD50 for rat is 350mg/kg ammonia. IDLH* Value is 300ppm. *Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
REGULATORYREGULATIONS – Please consult the proper regulatory authorities to determine the
appropriate regulations that may apply. Suggested agencies to contact include, but are not limited to, OSHA, EPA, and local and state authorities.
RISK MANAGEMENT PLANS – Concentrations of AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia of 20% or greater may be subject to EPA’s Risk Management Plans based upon the quantity maintained onsite.
SPILL/EMERGENCY RESPONSE – HAZWOPER trained personnel should respond to AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia spills. Appropriate spill/emergency response plans should be used. These plans should be updated on a regular basis based on process and regulatory changes.
TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTSDOT Proper Shipping Name: Ammonia Solution or Ammonium Hydroxide, with more than 10% but not more than 35% as ammonia.
DOT Classification: 8
UN/NA Identification Number: UN 2672
Packing Group: III
Other Labels: Corrosive
DISPOSAL REQUIREMENTSConsult the proper federal, state, or local authorities for the proper disposal procedures.
Reportable Quantities - 1000 lbs.
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GENERALThe single most important fact to keep in mind, when specifying materials of construction, is that AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia is incompatible with copper alloys including brass and bronze. This material can be present unobtrusively in fittings such as pipe union seats, relief valves, pump packing glands, check valves, gauge cocks, pressure gauges, etc. AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia is incompatible with zinc contact such as galvanized steel fittings. See the AQUA-CAT® Aqua Ammonia Materials Guide below for specific recommendations.
STORAGE TANKSSouthern Ionics recommends that stainless steel be used for product storage vessels, especially if a low iron content quality is to be maintained. Interior surface passivation and exterior surface preservation is not an issue such as with carbon steel storage vessels.
PROCESS PIPING & FITTINGSSouthern Ionics recommends good quality, seamless, low carbon, stainless steel pipe be used for tank filling and vapor return lines. Piping assemblies should be welded construction using appropriate methods. Threaded piping is discouraged, especially in the larger, 2-inch size because of the difficulty in obtaining vapor tight connections. Small process connections, less than 1 inch, can be made with stainless steel tubing and compression fittings such as Swagelok or Parker.
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
AQUA AMMONIA MATERIALS GUIDE
USE DO NOT USE
METALS Hastelloys Copper
Stainless Steel such as 304, 316 Brasses, All
Steel Bronze
Cast Iron, High Silicon Zinc
Aluminum Cadmium
Titanium Silver
Zirconium Aluminum Bronz
20 Cb3 Monel
ELASTOMERS Butyl Natural Rubber
Hypalon Hard Rubber
EPDM Polysulfides
Neoprene
LININGS Epoxies Silicates
Vinyls
PLASTICS CPVC, E-CTFE, FEP, Nylon Isophtalic Polyster
PFA, PET, PE, PP, PVC Saran
PVDF, PPS, TFE Acetal
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EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
Southern Ionics’ AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia stainless-steel tank trailers are specially equipped to ensure safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly deliveries. Southern Ionics uses the pump delivery off-loading method, shown in the drawing, “SII AQUA-CAT® Aqua Ammonia Delivery Connection.”
• The tank trailers have a stainless steel sliding vane type pump which functions as both unloading pump and vapor compressor to clear the unloading line. This operation is described in Procedure.
• The tank trailer is equipped with a vapor return valve, which operates in concert with the internal product valve on the trailer. Vapors displaced from the customer’s storage tanks are routed back into Southern Ionics’ tank trailer.
• With the tank trailer are dry-disconnect style product and vapor return hoses. These hoses eliminate product spillage and vapor leakage when hoses are disconnected after a load is delivered.
PROCEDUREA trained Southern Ionics’ driver, after checking in with the customer and verifying that the storage tank will hold a product load, puts on personal protection equipment and prepares his equipment for product offloading. Hoses with dry disconnects are used to make the product connection and the vapor recovery connection.
The appropriate storage tank valves are opened. The external trailer valve is opened last. The driver then engages the tractor powered pump drive and delivers product to the storage tank. As product fills the storage tank, air and vapors in the tank are displaced. The interconnecting vapor line between the SII tank trailer and storage tank allows displaced vapors to flow back to the truck trailer. The Southern Ionics’ driver carefully oversees the
AQUA-CAT® AQUA AMMONIA DELIVERY
AQUA-CAT® AQUA AMMONIA DELIVERY CONNECTION
A DOT Pressure Relief ValveB Vapor Recovery ValveC DOT Vacuum Relief ValveD 2” Cam & Groove MaleE 2” Cam & Groove Male with Shut-off ValveF 2” Cam & Groove Female with Shut-off ValveG 2” Cam & Groove Female
H GroundedI Positive Displacement Pump with 180gpm@75psig maxJ 2” Chemical Hose with Standard 2” Cam & Groove FittingsK Pressure/Vacuum Relief ValveL Flow/Pressure ControllerM Nitrogen Source
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AQUA-CAT® AQUA AMMONIA STORAGE
entire operation to ensure that equipment and connections function properly. When it appears that the pump has emptied the tank trailer, the driver will allow the pump to run for a few moments longer. The pump, now functioning as a compressor, takes vapors from the trailer and blows the product unloading hose clear.
The pump is then shut down, the storage valves closed, and the product and vapor hoses are disconnected. Because of the dry disconnect feature, product loss to the environment is maintained to an absolute minimum.
STORAGE METHODSThere are two ways to safely store AQUA-CAT® Aqua Ammonia:• Atmospheric Pressure Storage• Pressure Storage
Schematics of these three methods are provided in this manual, “19% AQUA-CAT® Aqua Ammonia Atmospheric Pressure Storage,” and “29% AQUA-CAT® Aqua Ammonia Pressure Storage.” Whatever method, the storage tank should be located away from sources of heat such as direct sunlight, elevated temperature processes, and steam lines. Special cautionary notes apply to all types of AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia storage tanks. Water flushing an “empty” tank containing ammonia vapor can collapse the tank when the vapors are rapidly absorbed into the water. Additional vapor pressure data are provided in the physical properties section of this manual.
ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE19% AQUA-CAT® Aqua Ammonia is ideally suited for atmospheric (Non Pressure Rated) storage because of its relatively low vapor pressure of around 7 psia at 80ºF. Typically, these type storage tanks are built to the API 650 standard. Installation of a combination pressure relief/vacuum relief vent valve on the tank is recommended. This special valve helps keep ammonia vapors in the tank and enables the vapor return hook-up to operate properly during truck offloading. If local conditions require that releases from the pressure relief valve should be contained, a vapor scrubber using water may be employed to re-absorb the ammonia vapor. A weak ammonia water solution is generated in the scrubber, and disposal provisions should be made.
PRESSURE STORAGEAQUA-CAT® 29% Aqua Ammonia is best stored in a pressure vessel type storage tank. These tanks, built to the AMSE Pressure Vessel Code, are rated for 25 psig service.
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EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS
VAPOR SCRUBBERS
Branch EnvironmentalP.O. Box 5265Somerville, NJ 08876908-526-1114www.branchenv.com
Severn Trent Services3000 Advance LaneColmar, PA 18915215-997-4000www.severntrentservices.com
Duall DivisionMet-Pro, EAS Corp1550 Industrial DriveOwosso, MI 48867989-725-8184www.mpeas.com
Bionomic Industries Inc.777 Corporate DriveMahwah, NJ 07430201-529-1094www.bionomicind.com
Pollution Systems2170 Buckthorne PlaceSuite 160The Woodlands, TX 77380713-574-6661www.pollutionsystems.com
COMPRESSION FITTINGSSwagelok29500 Solon RoadSolon, OH 44139www.swagelok.com
Tube Fittings Division3885 Gateway Blvd.Columbus, OH 43228www.parker.com
STORAGE TANKDESIGN STANDARDSAmerican Petroleum Institute1220 L. Street, NorthwestWashington, DC 20005202-682-8000www.api.org
API 650 – Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
API 653 – Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
API 2000 – Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks
American Society of Mechanical Engineers3 Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016800-843-2763www.asme.org
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,Pressure Vessels, Section VIII
STORAGE TANKS AND AQUA AMMONIA SYSTEMSReco USAP.O. Box 4147West Columbia, SC 29171803-794-3360www.recousatanks.com
Paul Mueller CompanyP.O. Box 828Springfield, MO 65801800-683-5537www.muel.com
Integrated Flow Solutions, LLC9807 Whithorn Dr.Houston, TX 77095281-858-2390www.ifsolutions.com
Savannah Tank & Mfg. , Inc.1517 Telfair Rd. Garden City, GA 31415912-233-8902www.savannahtank.com
Gulf Coast Alloy WeldingP.O. Box 1327Humble, TX 77338281-821-0543www.gcaw.com
LOW NPSHREQUIREMENT PUMPSRoth Pump CompanyP.O. Box 4330Rock Island, IL 61204888-444-7684 (ROTH)www.rothpump.com
Goulds Pumps240 Fall StreetSeneca Falls, NY 13148800-734-7867 (PUMP)www.gouldspumps.com
Flowserve CorporationPump Division3900 Cook BoulevardChesapeake, VA 23323757-485-8000www.flowserve.com
Blackmer Pumps 1809 Century Avenue S.W.Grand Rapids, MI 49503616-241-1611www.blackmer.com
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STORAGE TANK CONSERVATION VENT/BREATHERThe Protectoseal Company225 West Foster AvenueBensenville, IL 60106630-595-0800www.protectoseal.com
Groth Corporation13650 North Promenade BlvdStafford, TX 77477800-552-2960www.grothcorp.com
L&J Technologies (Shand & Jurs)5911 Butterfield RoadHillside, IL 60162708-236-6000www.ljtechnologies.com
OCECOP.O. Box 1591616 South County Rd 1Tiffin, OH 44883800-844-3543www.oceco.com Cashco Inc.607 W 15th St.P.O. Box 6Ellsworth, KS 67439785-472-4461www.cashco.com
TANK LEVEL MEASUREMENT MAGNETICISE – Magtech3902 Magnolia StreetPearland, TX 77584281-488-0788www.isemagtech.com
K-Tek18321 Swamp RoadPrairieville, LA 70769225-673-6100www.ktekcorp.com
Jogler9715 DerringtonHouston, TX 77064800-223-8469www.jogler.com
Ernst Flow IndP.O. Box 925116 Main StreetFarmingdale, NJ 07727800-992-2843www.ernstflow.com
OXYGEN ANALYZERSGE-SENSING1100 Technology Park Drive Billerica, MA 01821978-437-1000www.gesensing.com
YOKOGAWA2 Dart RoadNewnan, GA 30265800-258-2552www.us.yokogawa.com
METTLER-TOLEDO36 Middlesex TurnpikeBedford, MA 01730 800-352-8763www.mt.com
TANK LEVEL MEASUREMENT DIFFERENTIAL PRESSUREABB (Fisher & Porter)800-435-7365www.abb.com
Emerson Process ManagementRosemount Inc.8200 Market Blvd.Chanhassen, MN 55317800-999-9307www2.emersonprocess.com
Honeywell InternationalHoneywell Instrumentation800-822-7673www.honeywell.com
Vega Americas4170 Rosslyn DriveCincinnati, OH 45209800-367-5385www.vega-americas.com
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VAPOR PRESSURE OF AQUA-CATTM AQUA-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS
19% 29%
deg F psia mm Hg psig psia mm Hg psig 32 1.6 83 4.4 228 40 2.0 103 5.5 285 50 2.6 135 7.2 372 60 3.5 181 9.1 471 70 4.6 238 11.7 605 80 6.0 310 14.6 755 ~0 90 7.4 383 18.2 3.5
100 9.3 481 22.8 8.1 110 11.6 600 27.8 13.1 120 14.4 745 ~0 130 21.4 6.7
Temp ºF 4.74 9.50 14.29 19.10 23.94 28.81 33.71 38.64 43.59 48.57 53.58 58.62 63.69 68.79 73.91 79.07 84.26 89.47 94.7232 0.26 0.52 0.90 1.51 2.67 4.27 6.54 8.93 14.13 19.36 25.12 31.13 36.74 42.69 45.92 49.26 52.13 54.89 58.0140 0.33 0.66 1.14 1.92 3.16 5.13 7.98 11.98 17.14 23.33 30.15 37.15 43.69 49.56 54.40 58.31 61.62 64.77 68.3150 0.47 0.89 1.50 2.53 4.16 6.63 10.24 15.24 21.56 29.17 37.46 45.86 53.79 60.82 66.63 71.26 75.22 79.05 83.4060 0.62 1.19 2.00 3.21 5.36 8.48 13.06 19.15 26.92 36.14 46.12 56.22 65.81 73.99 80.90 86.44 91.04 95.67 100.6570 0.83 1.52 2.60 4.28 6.87 10.76 16.33 23.84 33.20 44.25 56.29 68.32 79.42 89.26 97.42 104.01 109.55 114.83 120.61
80 1.04 1.98 3.34 5.45 8.69 13.52 20.29 29.40 40.69 53.84 67.97 82.36 95.52 107.06 116.42 124.20 130.57 136.35 143.7090 1.36 2.52 4.25 6.88 10.89 16.76 25.04 35.94 49.45 64.99 81.61 98.35 113.79 127.22 138.18 147.02 154.46 161.74 169.73100 1.72 3.20 5.34 8.60 13.53 20.68 30.57 43.57 59.49 77.85 97.27 116.81 134.70 150.23 162.94 173.22 181.97 190.13 199.17110 2.14 4.00 6.65 10.64 16.65 25.21 37.01 52.43 71.20 92.59 115.16 137.62 158.42 176.18 190.85 203.02 212.71 222.22 232.79120 2.67 4.95 8.21 13.09 20.30 30.54 44.56 62.62 84.44 109.40 135.48 161.44 185.14 205.81 222.28 236.05 247.14 258.24 270.02
130 3.28 6.09 10.05 15.93 24.58 36.74 53.16 74.27 99.69 128.45 158.45 188.16 215.14 238.70 257.87 272.88 286.08 298.46 311.80140 3.97 7.41 12.21 19.23 29.43 43.77 62.97 87.53 116.72 149.93 184.17 218.18 248.70 275.33 297.12 314.45 328.99 342.93 358.46150 4.78 8.92 14.70 23.09 35.09 51.91 74.28 102.51 136.15 173.64 212.91 251.24 286.00 316.24 340.82 360.39 376.57 392.45 409.62160 5.68 10.70 17.57 27.45 41.56 61.03 86.91 119.37 157.71 200.45 244.98 288.38 327.82 361.75 389.08 411.30 429.73 447.35 466.38170 6.75 12.67 20.85 32.41 48.89 71.48 101.09 138.30 181.95 230.36 280.54 329.42 373.61 411.59 442.28 466.67 487.85 507.63 528.50
180 7.90 14.96 24.56 38.13 57.19 83.07 116.97 159.37 208.66 263.43 319.89 374.25 424.10 466.26 500.63 528.08 551.24190 9.23 17.55 28.78 44.49 66.49 96.22 134.89 182.72 238.39 299.86 363.11 424.15 479.40 526.15200 10.70 20.45 33.49 51.58 76.90 110.85 154.58 208.56 270.94 340.02 410.17 478.62 539.79210 12.26 23.68 38.76 59.65 88.48 126.83 176.24 236.97 307.08 383.99 462.36 537.56220 14.02 27.15 44.61 68.43 101.24 144.74 200.46 268.30 346.07 431.43 518.19
230 15.95 31.09 51.06 78.14 115.45 164.17 226.67 302.53 389.29 483.53240 17.92 35.40 58.00 89.02 130.94 185.79 255.26 339.72 435.78 540.44250 20.12 40.09 65.74 100.69 147.66 209.67 286.89 380.42 486.73
From Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook , 4th Edition
Partial Vapor Pressure Of Ammonia Over AQUA-CATTM Aqua Ammonia(Pressure indicated in psia)
We ig ht % C o nc e ntra tio n O f A mmo n ia In A qua A mmo n ia
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Temp ºF 0.00 4.74 9.50 14.29 19.10 23.94 28.81 33.71 38.64 43.59 48.57 53.58 58.62 63.69 68.79 73.91 79.07 84.26 89.47 94.7232 0.09 0.084 0.079 0.074 0.070 0.065 0.060 0.056 0.051 0.047 0.042 0.038 0.034 0.030 0.025 0.021 0.017 0.013 0.008 0.00440 0.12 0.115 0.108 0.101 0.095 0.089 0.083 0.076 0.070 0.064 0.058 0.052 0.046 0.040 0.035 0.029 0.023 0.015 0.012 0.00650 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.094 0.085 0.076 0.068 0.059 0.051 0.042 0.034 0.025 0.017 0.00860 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.097 0.085 0.073 0.061 0.049 0.037 0.024 0.01270 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.086 0.069 0.052 0.034 0.017
80 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.37 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.096 0.072 0.048 0.02490 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.58 0.55 0.51 0.47 0.44 0.40 0.37 0.33 0.30 0.26 0.23 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.100 0.066 0.033100 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.79 0.74 0.69 0.64 0.59 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.41 0.36 0.31 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.130 0.090 0.045110 1.27 1.20 1.14 1.07 1.00 0.93 0.86 0.80 0.73 0.67 0.60 0.54 0.48 0.42 0.36 0.30 0.24 0.180 0.120 0.061120 1.69 1.60 1.51 1.42 1.33 1.24 1.15 1.06 0.97 0.89 0.80 0.72 0.64 0.56 0.48 0.40 0.32 0.24 0.160 0.081
130 2.22 2.10 1.98 1.86 1.74 1.62 1.51 1.39 1.28 1.17 1.05 0.95 0.84 0.74 0.63 0.53 0.42 0.32 0.210 0.100140 2.89 2.73 2.57 2.42 2.26 2.11 1.96 1.81 1.66 1.52 1.37 1.23 1.10 0.96 0.82 0.69 0.55 0.41 0.270 0.140150 3.72 3.51 3.31 3.11 2.91 2.72 2.52 2.33 2.14 1.95 1.76 1.59 1.41 1.24 1.06 0.88 0.71 0.53 0.350 0.180160 4.74 4.48 4.22 3.97 3.71 3.46 3.22 2.97 2.73 2.49 2.25 2.02 1.80 1.58 1.35 1.12 0.90 0.67 0.450 0.220170 5.99 5.66 5.34 5.02 4.70 4.38 4.07 3.75 3.45 3.15 2.84 2.56 2.28 1.99 1.71 1.42 1.13 1.85 0.570 0.300
180 7.51 7.10 6.69 6.30 5.89 5.49 5.10 4.71 4.33 3.94 3.57 3.21 2.85 2.50 2.14 1.77 1.42 1.06190 9.34 8.83 8.32 7.82 7.32 6.83 6.34 5.86 5.38 4.91 4.44 3.99 3.55 3.10 2.65200 11.53 10.90 10.27 9.65 9.04 8.43 7.83 7.23 6.64 6.06 5.48 4.93 4.38 3.81210 14.12 13.35 12.58 11.82 11.07 10.32 9.59 8.86 8.13 7.42 6.71 6.04 5.34220 17.19 16.25 15.32 14.39 13.48 12.57 11.67 10.78 9.90 9.03 8.17 7.31
230 20.78 19.64 18.51 17.40 16.29 15.19 14.11 13.03 11.97 10.91 9.87240 24.97 23.60 22.25 20.91 19.58 18.26 16.95 15.66 14.38 13.12 11.86250 29.83 28.20 26.58 25.00 23.39 21.82 20.25 18.71 17.18 15.67
From Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook , 4th Edition
Partial Vapor Pressure Of Water Over AQUA-CATTM Aqua Ammonia(Pressure indicated in psia)
Weight % Concentration Of Ammonia In Aqua Ammonia
T em p ºF 0.00 4.74 9.50 14.29 19.10 23.94 28.81 33.71 38.64 43.59 48.57 53.58 58.62 63.69 68.79 73.91 79.07 84.26 89.47 94.72 100.0032 0.09 0.34 0.60 0.97 1.58 2.60 4.20 6.54 9.93 14.18 19.40 25.16 31.16 36.77 42.72 45.94 49.28 52.14 54.90 58.01 62.2940 0.12 0.45 0.77 1.24 2.01 3.25 5.21 8.06 12.05 17.20 23.39 30.20 37.20 43.73 49.60 54.43 58.33 61.64 64.78 68.32 73.3250 0.18 0.64 1.05 1.65 2.67 4.29 6.75 10.35 15.34 21.65 29.26 37.54 45.93 53.85 60.87 66.67 71.29 75.25 79.07 83.41 89.1960 0.26 0.86 1.42 2.21 3.51 5.55 8.65 13.22 19.30 27.05 36.26 46.23 56.32 65.90 74.06 80.96 86.49 91.08 95.69 100.66 107.6070 0.36 1.17 1.84 2.90 4.56 7.13 11.01 16.56 24.05 33.39 44.42 56.44 68.46 79.54 89.36 97.51 104.08 109.60 114.86 120.63 128.80
80 0.51 1.52 2.43 3.76 5.85 9.06 13.86 20.61 29.69 40.96 54.08 68.19 82.55 95.69 107.20 116.54 124.30 130.64 136.40 143.72 153.0090 0.70 2.02 3.15 4.83 7.43 11.40 17.23 25.48 36.34 49.82 65.32 81.91 98.61 114.02 127.42 138.34 147.15 154.56 161.81 169.76 180.60100 0.95 2.62 4.05 6.13 9.34 14.22 21.32 31.16 44.12 59.99 78.30 97.68 117.17 135.01 150.50 163.16 173.40 182.10 190.22 199.22 211.90110 1.27 3.34 5.14 7.72 11.64 17.58 26.07 37.81 53.16 71.87 93.19 115.70 138.10 158.84 176.54 191.15 203.26 212.89 222.34 232.85 247.00120 1.69 4.27 6.46 9.63 14.42 21.54 31.69 45.62 63.59 85.33 110.20 136.20 162.08 185.70 206.29 222.68 236.37 247.38 258.40 270.10 286.40
130 2.22 5.38 8.07 11.91 17.67 26.20 38.25 54.55 75.55 100.86 129.50 159.00 189.00 215.88 239.33 258.40 273.30 286.40 298.67 311.90 330.30140 2.89 6.70 9.98 14.63 21.49 31.54 45.73 64.78 89.19 118.24 151.30 185.40 219.28 249.66 276.15 297.81 315.00 329.40 343.20 358.60 379.10150 3.72 8.29 12.23 17.81 26.00 37.81 54.43 76.61 104.65 138.10 175.40 214.50 252.65 287.24 317.30 341.70 361.10 377.10 392.80 409.80 432.20160 4.74 10.16 14.92 21.54 31.16 45.02 64.25 89.88 122.10 160.20 202.70 247.00 290.18 329.40 363.10 390.20 412.20 430.40 447.80 466.60 492.80170 5.99 12.41 18.01 25.87 37.11 53.27 75.55 104.84 141.75 185.10 233.20 283.10 331.70 375.60 413.30 443.70 467.80 488.70 508.20 528.80 558.40
180 7.51 15.00 21.65 30.86 44.02 62.68 88.17 121.68 163.70 212.60 267.00 323.10 377.10 426.60 468.40 502.40 529.50 552.30190 9.34 18.06 25.87 36.60 51.81 73.32 102.56 140.75 188.10 243.30 304.30 367.10 427.70 482.50 528.80200 11.53 21.60 30.72 43.14 60.62 85.33 118.68 161.81 215.20 277.00 345.50 415.10 483.00 543.60210 14.12 25.61 36.26 50.58 70.72 98.80 136.42 185.10 245.10 314.50 390.70 468.40 542.90220 17.19 30.27 42.47 59.00 81.91 113.81 156.41 211.24 278.20 355.10 439.60 525.50
230 20.78 35.59 49.60 68.46 94.43 130.64 178.28 239.70 314.50 400.20 493.40240 24.97 41.52 57.65 78.91 108.60 149.20 202.74 270.92 354.10 448.90 552.30250 29.83 48.32 66.67 90.74 124.08 169.48 229.62 305.60 397.60 502.40
F rom P erry's C hemical E ngineering H andboo k , 4th E dition
Total Vapor Pressure of AQUA-CATTM Aqua Ammonia(Pressure indicated in psia)
Weight % Concentration Of Ammonia In Aqua Ammonia
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Weight %NH3
Sp.Gr. 15.6°C/60°F
Degrees Baumé
Weight %NH3
Sp.Gr. 15.6°C/60°F
Degrees Baumé
Weight %NH3
Sp.Gr. 15.6°C/60°F
Degrees Baumé
Weight %NH3
Sp.Gr. 15.6°C/60°F
Degrees Baumé
16.0 0.9390 19.09 20.0 0.9258 21.22 24.0 0.9133 23.29 28.0 0.9013 25.3316.1 0.9387 19.14 20.1 0.9255 21.27 24.1 0.9130 23.34 28.1 0.9010 25.3816.2 0.9384 19.19 20.2 0.9252 21.32 24.2 0.9127 23.39 28.2 0.9007 25.4316.3 0.9380 19.25 20.3 0.9249 21.37 24.3 0.9124 23.44 28.3 0.9004 25.4916.4 0.9377 19.30 20.4 0.9246 21.42 24.4 0.9121 23.49 28.4 0.9001 25.5416.5 0.9374 19.35 20.5 0.9242 21.48 24.5 0.9118 23.54 28.5 0.8998 25.5916.6 0.9371 19.40 20.6 0.9239 21.53 24.6 0.9115 23.59 28.6 0.8995 25.6416.7 0.9367 19.46 20.7 0.9236 21.58 24.7 0.9112 23.64 28.7 0.8992 25.6916.8 0.9364 19.51 20.8 0.9233 21.63 24.8 0.9109 23.69 28.8 0.8989 25.7516.9 0.9361 19.56 20.9 0.9230 21.68 24.9 0.9106 23.74 28.9 0.8986 25.8017.0 0.9357 19.62 21.0 0.9227 21.73 25.0 0.9103 23.80 29.0 0.8983 25.8517.1 0.9354 19.67 21.1 0.9223 21.79 25.1 0.9100 23.85 29.1 0.8980 25.9017.2 0.9351 19.72 21.2 0.9220 21.84 25.2 0.9097 23.90 29.2 0.8977 25.9517.3 0.9348 19.76 21.3 0.9217 21.89 25.3 0.9094 23.95 29.3 0.8974 26.0117.4 0.9344 19.83 21.4 0.9214 21.94 25.4 0.9091 24.00 29.4 0.8972 26.0417.5 0.9341 19.88 21.5 0.9211 21.99 25.5 0.9088 24.05 29.5 0.8969 26.0917.6 0.9338 19.93 21.6 0.9208 22.04 25.6 0.9085 24.10 29.6 0.8966 26.1517.7 0.9335 19.97 21.7 0.9205 22.09 25.7 0.9082 24.15 29.7 0.8963 26.2017.8 0.9331 20.04 21.8 0.9202 22.14 25.8 0.9079 24.20 29.8 0.8960 26.2517.9 0.9328 20.09 21.9 0.9198 22.21 25.9 0.9076 24.25 29.9 0.8957 26.3018.0 0.9325 20.13 22.0 0.9195 22.26 26.0 0.9073 24.30 30.0 0.8954 26.3518.1 0.9322 20.18 22.1 0.9192 22.31 26.1 0.9070 24.36 30.1 0.8951 26.4118.2 0.9318 20.25 22.2 0.9189 22.36 26.2 0.9067 24.41 30.2 0.8948 26.4618.3 0.9315 20.30 22.3 0.9186 22.41 26.3 0.9064 24.46 30.3 0.8945 26.5118.4 0.9312 20.34 22.4 0.9183 22.46 26.4 0.9061 24.51 30.4 0.8942 26.5618.5 0.9309 20.39 22.5 0.9180 22.51 26.5 0.9058 24.56 30.5 0.8939 26.6218.6 0.9305 20.46 22.6 0.9177 22.56 26.6 0.9055 24.61 30.6 0.8937 26.6518.7 0.9300 20.54 22.7 0.9173 22.62 26.7 0.9052 24.66 30.7 0.8934 26.7018.8 0.9297 20.59 22.8 0.9170 22.67 26.8 0.9049 24.71 30.8 0.8931 26.7618.9 0.9293 20.65 22.9 0.9167 22.72 26.9 0.9046 24.76 30.9 0.8928 26.8119.0 0.9290 20.70 23.0 0.9164 22.77 27.0 0.9043 24.82 31.0 0.8925 26.8619.1 0.9287 20.75 23.1 0.9161 22.82 27.1 0.9040 24.87 31.1 0.8922 26.9219.2 0.9284 20.80 23.2 0.9158 22.87 27.2 0.9037 24.92 31.2 0.8919 26.9719.3 0.9281 20.85 23.3 0.9155 22.92 27.3 0.9034 24.97 31.3 0.8916 27.0219.4 0.9277 20.91 23.4 0.9152 22.97 27.4 0.9031 25.02 31.4 0.8913 27.0719.5 0.9274 20.96 23.5 0.9149 23.02 27.5 0.9028 25.07 31.5 0.8910 27.1319.6 0.9271 21.01 23.6 0.9146 23.07 27.6 0.9025 25.12 31.6 0.8908 27.1619.7 0.9268 21.06 23.7 0.9143 23.12 27.7 0.9022 25.18 31.7 0.8905 27.2219.8 0.9265 21.11 23.8 0.9140 23.17 27.8 0.9019 25.23 31.8 0.8902 27.2719.9 0.9261 21.17 23.9 0.9136 23.24 27.9 0.9016 25.28 31.9 0.8899 27.32
AQUA-‐CATTM Aqua Ammonia Solution at 15.6°C (60°F)Conversion Chart: Weight % NH3 to Specific Gravity to Degrees Baumé
*Refer to procedure in the back of this handbook for testing.
*A Hydrometer does not have the required accuracy and shall not be used when reporting assay.
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Ammonia Solutions: Specific Gravity at Temperature, T, Corrected to 60°F
SG@T 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95Temp °F SG@60° SG@60° SG@60° SG@60° SG@60° SG@60° SG@60° SG@60°
45 0.87025 0.88100 0.89100 0.90250 0.91400 0.92400 0.93505 0.9462546 0.87090 0.88160 0.89160 0.90300 0.91440 0.92440 0.93538 0.9465047 0.87155 0.88220 0.89220 0.90350 0.91480 0.92480 0.93571 0.9467548 0.87220 0.88280 0.89280 0.90400 0.91520 0.92520 0.93604 0.9470049 0.87285 0.88340 0.89340 0.90450 0.91560 0.92560 0.93637 0.9472550 0.87350 0.88400 0.89400 0.90500 0.91600 0.92600 0.93670 0.9475051 0.87415 0.88460 0.89460 0.90550 0.91460 0.92640 0.93703 0.9477552 0.87480 0.88520 0.89520 0.90600 0.91680 0.92680 0.93736 0.9480053 0.87545 0.88580 0.89580 0.90650 0.91720 0.92720 0.93769 0.9482554 0.87610 0.88640 0.89640 0.90700 0.91760 0.92760 0.93802 0.9485055 0.87675 0.88700 0.89700 0.90750 0.91800 0.92800 0.93835 0.9487556 0.87740 0.88760 0.89760 0.90800 0.91840 0.92840 0.93868 0.9490057 0.87805 0.88820 0.89820 0.90850 0.91880 0.92880 0.93901 0.9492558 0.87870 0.88880 0.89880 0.90900 0.91920 0.92920 0.93934 0.9495059 0.87935 0.88940 0.89940 0.90950 0.91960 0.92960 0.93967 0.9497560 0.88000 0.89000 0.90000 0.91000 0.92000 0.93000 0.94000 0.9500061 0.88065 0.89060 0.90060 0.91050 0.92040 0.93040 0.94033 0.9502562 0.88130 0.89120 0.90120 0.91100 0.92080 0.93080 0.94066 0.9505063 0.88195 0.89180 0.90180 0.91150 0.92120 0.93120 0.94099 0.9507564 0.88260 0.89240 0.90240 0.91200 0.92160 0.93160 0.94132 0.9510065 0.88325 0.89300 0.90300 0.91250 0.92200 0.93200 0.94165 0.9512566 0.88390 0.89360 0.90360 0.91300 0.92240 0.93240 0.94198 0.9515067 0.88455 0.89420 0.90420 0.91350 0.92280 0.93280 0.94231 0.9517568 0.88520 0.89480 0.90480 0.91400 0.92320 0.93320 0.94264 0.9520069 0.88585 0.89540 0.90540 0.91450 0.92360 0.93360 0.94297 0.9522570 0.88650 0.89600 0.90600 0.91500 0.92400 0.93400 0.94330 0.9525071 0.88715 0.89660 0.90660 0.91550 0.92440 0.93440 0.94363 0.9527572 0.88780 0.89720 0.90720 0.91600 0.92480 0.93480 0.94396 0.9530073 0.88845 0.89780 0.90780 0.91650 0.92520 0.93520 0.94429 0.9532574 0.88910 0.89840 0.90840 0.91700 0.92560 0.93560 0.94462 0.9535075 0.88975 0.89900 0.90900 0.91750 0.92600 0.93600 0.94495 0.95375
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Southern Ionics Incorporated, 2/13/2008
NH3,aq, NH4+ Speciation vs. pH for 19% Aqua Ammonia at 25oC
NH3,aq + H2O = NH4+ + OH- (Equilibrium Constant = Kb; pKb=4.75)
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
pH
Wei
ght %
Ammonium ion, NH4+Aqueous NH3
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Nitrogen
Amm
onia
Air-Ammonia Mixture Line
Air-Ammonia Combustible Mixture Zone
Oxy
gen
Ammonia Upper Flammability Limit in Pure Oxygen
Limiting Ammonia Concentration Line
Limiting Oxygen Concentration Line
There are several features depicted on the graph that are noteworthy:
1. Air-Ammonia Mixture Line, 2. Limiting Oxygen Concentration Line, and 3. Limiting Ammonia Concentration Line.
The Air-Ammonia Mixture Line presents all possible concentrations of ammonia, oxygen, and nitrogen
resulting from the mixing of ammonia vapor with air.
The Limiting Oxygen Concentration Line and the Limiting Ammonia Concentration Line intersect with
the Air-Ammonia Mixture Line at two unique points:
1. the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) at 15%by volume NH₃ in Air, and 2. the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) at 28% by volume NH₃ in Air.
AMMONIA VAPOR FLAMMABILITY
While aqua ammonia solutions themselves are not flammable, under certain conditions, the vapor from aqua ammonia solutions can form combustible or explosive mixtures when mixed with air. Combustible Air-Ammonia mixtures compressed to 10 psig, a typical operating pressure for 29% aqua ammonia storage tank, are presented the following graph.
AMMONIA VAPOR FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAM
There are several features depicted on the graph that are noteworthy:
1. Air-Ammonia Mixture Line,2. Limiting Oxygen Concentration Line, and3. Limiting Ammonia Concentration Line.
The Air-Ammonia Mixture Line presents all possible concentrations of ammonia, oxygen, and nitrogen resulting from the mixing of ammonia vapor with air.
The Limiting Oxygen Concentration Line and the Limiting Ammonia Concentration Line intersect with the Air-Ammonia Mixture Line at two unique points:
1. the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) at 15%by volume NH₃ in Air, and2. the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) at 28% by volume NH₃ in Air.
Experimentally, it has been determined that if the oxygen content of the air is diluted with nitrogen, so that the resulting Ammonia-Oxygen-Nitrogen mixture is reduced to 14.5% oxygen, the mixture cannot be ignited. The Limiting Oxygen Concentration value of 14.5% presents a control point from which one of the NFPA 69 standard explosion prevention methods can be implemented. Refer to “Deflagration Prevention by Oxidant Concentration Reduction” in the referenced standard. Two alternatives are presented depending on how oxygen concentration is measured. The alternatives are continuous and non-continuous oxygen monitoring.
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ASSAY OF AQUA-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS
NH3 content may be by one of two methods, either by a specific gravity vs. concentration table or by a volumetric titration.
• The specific gravity vs. concentration table requires a density meter with a readability of at least 0.0001 units. Since the concentration of aqua-ammonia can change several tenths percent with respect to the fourth decimal place a hydrometer does not have the required accuracy and shall not be used when reporting assay, however, a hydrometer may be used as a rough check.
• In the titration, a sample is weighed directly into an excess of standardized ~1N HCl solution, the un-reacted HCl is then backtitrated with standardized ~1N NaOH solution to a Methyl Red endpoint.
Before undertaking any analytical procedure, personnel should first read and understand the MSDS for the chemicals involved. When working with Aqua Ammonia, the use of a hood should be employed.
PROCEDURES:
1.0 Determination of Assay via Specific Gravity
1.1. Collect a sample of aqua-ammonia into a narrow-mouthed bottle and cap immediately; let equilibrate to room temperature (<75°F).
1.2. Open the bottle and insert a disposable 3-ml syringe below the surface.
1.3. Quickly draw 2.5 ml (±0.5) of sample into the syringe and recap the bottle.
1.4. Insert the syringe into the injection port of a density meter that has a readability of at least 0.0001 units.
1.5. Flush at least 1.5 ml (±0.1) of sample through the measurement loop before stopping the syringe plunger.
1.6. Measure the specific gravity at 15.6°C and record to the nearest 0.0001 units.
1.7. Using the “Specific Gravity vs. %NH3 of Aqua-Ammonia at 15.6°C (60°F)” table, determine the %NH3 concentration.
2.0 Alternate Method – Determination of Assay via Titration
2.1. Using a volumetric pipet, transfer 50 ml of standardized ~1.0N HCl into a clean 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask.
2.2. Tare the flask on an analytical balance capable of weighing at least 200 g.
2.3. Add 2 ml (±0.2) of sample and record the weight to the nearest 0.01 mg.
2.4. Add 25 ml (±5) DI water and a stirring bar.
2.5. Add 4-5 drops of ~0.1% Methyl Red Indicator. The sample should turn a pinkish red color, if not use a smaller sample weight.
2.6. Titrate with standardized ~1.0N NaOH to a yellow endpoint.
2.7. Calculate the assay using the following formula:
%NH3 = [(mls HCl)(N of HCl) – (mls NaOH)(N of NaOH)]x1.70
Sample Weight
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REAGENTS:
Reagents for the assay of Aqua-Ammonia solutions are to be manufactured with A.C.S. grade chemicals only.
1.0 Preparation
1.1. ~0.1% Methyl Red Indicator
1.1.1. Weigh 0.1 g (±0.005) of Methyl Red Powder into a tared 250-ml beaker.
1.1.2. Add 100 ml (±5) of ~95% Ethanol and mix until dissolved.
1.1.3. Transfer to a storage bottle.
1.2. 1.2 ~95% Ethanol
1.2.1. Purchased as a certified solution with a COA and used directly from the supplier’s bottle.
1.3. 1N HCl
1.3.1. Purchased as a certified solution with a COA and used directly from the supplier’s bottle.
1.4. 1N NaOH
1.4.1. Purchased as a certified solution with a COA and used directly from the supplier’s bottle.
REAGENT STANDARDIZATION:
1.0 1N NaOH
1.1. Dry ~9 g acidimetric standard grade Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate at 120°C (±5°) for at least 2 hours. Let cool in a dessicator.
1.2. Tare a clean, dry 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask. Weigh 4.0 g (±0.2) of the dried Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate into the flask and record the weight to the nearest 0.1mg.
1.3. Add 100 ml (±5) DI water and 2-3 drops of ~1% w/v Phenolphthalein and mix to dissolve the standard.
1.4. Titrate with 1N NaOH to the first permanent faint pink endpoint.
1.5. Calculate the normality of the NaOH using the following formula:
N NaOH = g Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate
(0.20423)(ml NaOH from step 3.1.4)
1.6 Run the test in duplicate and average the results.
2.0 1N HCl
2.1. Using a buret or volumetric pipet, transfer 10 ml of standardized 1N NaOH solution into a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask.
2.2. Add 100 ml (±5) DI water and 2-3 drops of ~1% w/v Phenolphthalein indicator.
2.3. Titrate with the 1N HCl to a colorless endpoint.
2.4. Calculate the normality of the HCl using the following equation:
N HCl = (10 x N NaOH)ml HCl
2.5 Run the test in duplicate and average the results.
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AQUA-CAT® AQUA AMMONIA PRODUCT BULLETIN
CAS NUMBER: 1336-21-6
CHEMICAL FORMULA: Aqueous solution of ammonia. (NH3 in water)
DESCRIPTION: Clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
NSF CERTIFICATION: Aqua ammonia manufactured at Lake Charles, LA is NSF-60 certified. Maximum use in potable water is 10 mg/l.
CHEMICAL ANDPHYSICALPROPERTIES: Percent by weight on product basis unless indicated otherwise.
19% 25% **29%
*NH3 in water, wt% 18%-20% 24%-26% 28%-30%
Specific Gravity @ 25°C 0.926 0.906 0.892
Heavy Metals, as Pb, ppm 0.5 max 0.5 max 0.5 max
Iron, as Fe, ppm 0.2 max 0.2 max 0.2 max
Chloride, as Cl, ppm 0.5 max 0.5 max 0.5 max
Sodium, as Na, ppm 2.0 max 2.0 max 2.0 max
Phosphate, as PO4, ppm 2.0 max 2.0 max 2.0 max
Total Sulfur, as SO4, ppm 2.0 max 2.0 max 2.0 max
Carbon Dioxide, as CO2, wt% 0.002 max 0.002 max 0.002 max
Residue after Ignition, wt% 0.002 max 0.002 max 0.002 max
*Normal Certificate of Analysis Properties
** AQUA-CAT™ 29% meets or exceeds all requirements for Reagent Grade
Aqueous Ammonia and the Commercial Item Description for Ammonium
Hydroxide Technical Grade (A-A-59370).
PACKAGING: 6500+ gallon stainless-steel tank trucks and lined railcars.
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HANDLING & STORAGE: Materials of Construction:
Storage tanks – 304/316/347 Stainless Steel
Pumps – 304/316/347 Stainless Steel
Piping – 304/316/347 Stainless Steel
Storage Temperature: Keep storage containers cool and out of direct sunlight, if possible; freeze protection is not an issue. Avoid heating and storing in confined spaces. Avoid contact with copper bearing alloy equipment. Avoid storing in close proximity to strong acids and oxidizers. Provide for scrubber controlled venting of bulk storage tanks.
SAFETY: Should be handled in open or well ventilated areas. Eye and skin contact is prevented through the use of safety glasses, goggles, face shield, protective clothing, and gloves. Contact with aqua ammonia solution should be removed with copious amounts of water. Avoid inhalation of vapors. Do not use this product until the MSDS has been read, understood, and required safety precautions are followed.
SHIPPING POINTS: Augusta, Georgia; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Lake Charles, Louisiana; and Pasadena, Texas
DOT MARKINGS: Ammonia Solution or Ammonium Hydroxide, with more than 10% but not more than 35% as ammonia, 8, UN2672, PG III, RQ (Aqua Ammonia, 1000 lbs/454 kg), Placarded Corrosive
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CORPORATE ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBERS:
Southern Ionics Incorporated
201 Commerce Street
P.O. Drawer 1217
West Point, MS 39773
Telephone (662) 494-3055
Facsimile (662) 495-2590
CUSTOMER SERVICE AND PLACING ORDERS:
Telephone (800) 953-3585
Facsimile (800) 953-3588
E-mail [email protected]
EMERGENCY AFTER HOURS OPERATOR: 888-610-2379
E-MAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: www.southernionics.com
REMITTANCE ADDRESS:
Southern Ionics Incorporated
PO Box 934557
Atlanta, GA 31193-4557
PAYMENT TERMS: Net 30 days
FEDERAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: 63-0800759
VENDOR INFORMATION
