American Society and Economy Transformed (1812-1860)
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Transcript of American Society and Economy Transformed (1812-1860)
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AMERICAN SOCIETY AND ECONOMY TRANSFORMED (1812-1860)
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AMERICAN SOCIETY AND ECONOMY TRANSFORMED
Introduction Economic Transformation
Agriculture Northwest Southwest
Transportation Industry Urbanization
Religion and Reforms Second Great Awakening Reform Era
Conclusion
Vocab Nativist John Deere Eli Whitney Cotton Gin McCormick Reaper Steel Plow
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THEMES Transformations
Agricultural Boom, Transportation, Industry, and Urbanization
Americans Society Religion and Reform
Era
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BELLWORK Through most of human history goods
have been made and moved using human power and animal power. Only in the past 150 have machines started to take over these tasks. This is known as industrialization. How different would your life be without machines?
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POPULATION PATTERNS U.S. Pop
1790: 4 million; most east of the Appalachians
1840: 17 million; 1/3 west of the Appalachians
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POPULATION DISTRIBUTION (1790 AND 1850)
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AMERICAN SOCIETY AND ECONOMY TRANSFORMED
Introduction Economic Transformation
Agriculture Northwest Southwest
Transportation Industry Urbanization
Religion and Reforms Second Great Awakening Reform Era
Conclusion
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POPULATION PATTERNS U.S. Pop
1790: 4 million; most east of the Appalachians
1840: 17 million; 1/3 west of the Appalachians
Population grew in parts of “Old Northwest”
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POPULATION PATTERNS U.S. Pop
1790: 4 million; most east of the Appalachians
1840: 17 million; 1/3 west of the Appalachians
Population grew in parts of “Old Northwest”
Ohio 1800 = 45,000 1820 = 581,000 1840 = 1,500,000
Michigan 1810 = 5,000 1840 = 212,000
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POPULATION PATTERNS U.S. Pop
1790: 4 million; most east of the Appalachians
1840: 17 million; 1/3 west of the Appalachians
Population grew in parts of “Old Northwest”
Commercial farming become more common
Great Lakes and Mississippi were used to transport goods
“Old Northwest” emerged as a leading agricultural region
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COMMERCIAL FARMING AND OLD NORTHWEST
The East became more urban and industrialized
Western farms benefited from newer technologies McCormick Reaper Steel Plow
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FARM ECONOMY
Expansion of Farming into the west
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AMERICAN SOCIETY AND ECONOMY TRANSFORMED
Introduction Economic Transformation
Agriculture Northwest Southwest
Transportation Industry Urbanization
Religion and Reforms Second Great Awakening Reform Era
Conclusion
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“OLD SOUTHWEST” TERRITORY Commercial
Farming and tech also impacted “Old Southwest”
Settlement increased as cotton became leading U.S. export
Alabama and Mississippi produced nearly 50% of U.S. cotton by 1820s
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Eli Whitney’s cotton gin led to expansion of cotton plantations Patent came through
in 1807 Cotton was shipped
to Br. and U.S. textiles mills
Demand for slave labor increased dramatically
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CHECK UP!1. How did new
technologies change farming?
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AMERICAN SOCIETY AND ECONOMY TRANSFORMED
Introduction Economic Transformation
Agriculture Northwest Southwest
Transportation Industry Urbanization
Religion and Reforms Second Great Awakening Reform Era
Conclusion
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TRANSPORTATION – CUMBERLAND ROAD 620 Mile road Connected Potomac River with Ohio River Federally funded
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TRANSPORTATION - CANALS Steamboats
transformed transportation of goods and people via rivers
Inventor - Robert Fulton
Canals were built to link major waterways
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TRANSPORTATION - ERIE CANAL Linked Hudson River
to Lake Erie 360 miles long Took 8 years to build Cost = $7 million
(130 million today) Opened eastern
markets to crops raised by western farmers
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TRANSPORTATION - CANALS
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TRANSPORTATION - RAILROAD Railroads developed
rapidly after 1830 1830 13 miles of
track. 1850 9000 mi. 1860 31,000 mi.
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INLAND FREIGHT COST
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CHECK UP!
2. How did the Transportation revolution impact the following things?- Economy of the
nation- Society- Politics
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AMERICAN SOCIETY AND ECONOMY TRANSFORMED
Introduction Economic
Transformation Agriculture
Northwest Southwest
Transportation Industry (Revolution) Urbanization
Religion and Reforms Second Great Awakening Reform Era
Conclusion
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RISE OF INDUSTRY Industrial Revolution
Largely began with the manufacturing of textiles
Production: 1817
4,000,000 yards 1843
323,000,000 yards
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CASE STUDY: LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS MILLS
80% of factory workers were female
Long hours Hot and humid
conditions
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RISE OF INDUSTRY Industrial Revolution
Largely began with the manufacturing of textiles
Production: 1817
4,000,000 yards 1843
323,000,000 yards Consumerism
People in urban areas began to purchase ready-made clothing (more common for men)
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U.S. MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT
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CHECK UP3. How did the Industrial revolution impact the following things? Economy of the
nation Society Politics
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
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CHECK UP! 4. Based on what
you have learned so far in this Unit, list as many causes as you can for the growth of industry in the United States.
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AMERICAN SOCIETY AND ECONOMY TRANSFORMED
Introduction Transportation
Agriculture Northwest Southwest
Transportation Industry Urbanization
Religion and Reforms Second Great Awakening Reform Era
Conclusion
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URBANIZATION 1820s most major
cities were seaports
1 city had pop over 100,000
U.S. pop continued to increase Immigration High birth rates
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IMMIGRATION STATISTICS
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URBANIZATION By 1860 eight
cities had populations over 100,000
New York City’s population reached 800,000 by 1860
Large inequalities between rich and poor
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GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POOR Boston
In 1833 the richest 4% owned 25% of city’s wealth
In 1848 the riches 4% owned 66% of the city’s wealth
New York City In 1828 the richest
4% owned 50%of the city’s wealth
In 1848 the riches 4% owned 66% of the city’s wealth
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IMMIGRANTS AND PERSECUTION Immigrants often faced persecution Native-born workers were resentful and
believed large immigrant populations led to lower wages
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IMMIGRANTS AND PERSECUTION
RACIST THOMAS NAST CARTOON COMPARING IRISH IMMIGRANTS WITH SOUTHERN SLAVES
AN 1850S CARTOON SHOWING A "POOR HOUSE" OF IMMIGRANTS FROM IRELAND.
Source
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IMMIGRANTS AND PERSECUTION
A CARTOON FROM THE 1850S BY THE "KNOW-NOTHINGS" ACCUSING THE IRISH AND GERMAN IMMIGRANTS OF NEGATIVELY AFFECTING AN ELECTION.
THOMAS NAST CARTOON FROM 1870 EXPRESSING THE WORRY THAT THE IRISH CATHOLICS THREATENED THE AMERICAN FREEDOM.
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IMMIGRANTS AND PERSECUTION
THIS CARTOON PRINTED IN 1889, STEREOTYPES THE IRISH AS UNMIXABLE IN AMERICA'S MELTING POT.
Check Up!
5. Why did nativist fear new immigrants to the United States (specifically Irish)?
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CHECK UP!Invention or Innovation What is it/ How is it
new?Political, Economic, Social Impact
TextileFarmingRoadsCotton GinSteam BoatCanalsRailroadsCommunications
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AMERICAN SOCIETY AND ECONOMY TRANSFORMED
Introduction Transportation
Agriculture Northwest Southwest
Transportation Industry Urbanization
Religion and Reforms Second Great Awakening Reform Era
Conclusion
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SECOND GREAT AWAKENING Began in New England
in 1790s, but spread across the country
Camp meetings became common Large audiences
listened to many different preachers
Speakers called on worshipers to ask for forgiveness and prepare for the Second Coming
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SECOND GREAT AWAKENING Charles Finney
Former lawyer and gifted speaker
Sin was voluntary act
Rejected Calvinist predestination
Evangelist - Born-Again
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RELIGIOUS AND UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES
Number about 6,000 and established several communities
Well-Known for their furniture and handicrafts
The movement peaked between 1820-1860
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SECOND GREAT AWAKENING - SLAVERY
Slaves began to adopt evangelical Protestantism – Baptists
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SECOND GREAT AWAKENING Expansion of
Evangelical Protestantism Methodists and
Baptist Membership 70k-
1000k Slaves
Utopian Society Development of
Mormonism
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CHECK UP! What are the consequences of the
Second Great Awakening?
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AMERICAN SOCIETY AND ECONOMY TRANSFORMED
Introduction Transportation
Agriculture Northwest Southwest
Transportation Industry Urbanization
Religion and Reforms Second Great Awakening Reform Era
Conclusion
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ERA OF REFORM Temperance
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ALCOHOL AND TEMPERANCE Alcohol abuse was a
major problem Average male drank
½ pint of liquor a day
Religious leaders saw it as immoral
Factory owners were concerned about productivity and quality
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TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT PROPAGANDA
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ALCOHOL AND TEMPERANCE The American
Society for Promotion of Temperance began in 1826 Encouraged
abstinence Lobbied states for
prohibition of alcohol
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ERA OF REFORM Temperance Public Education
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PUBLIC EDUCATION Education was considered
family’s responsibility and not required
Horace Mann became leading reformer in Mass. and the U.S. Attendance made
mandatory Curriculum was
standardized State school programs
educated children, assimilated immigrants
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ERA OF REFORM Temperance Public Education Opposition to
Slavery
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ABOLITION OF SLAVERY Quakers advocated abolition of slaves William Lloyd Garrison – The Liberator
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ABOLITION OF SLAVERY Quakers advocated abolition of slaves William Lloyd Garrison – The Liberator Women became vocal advocates for
abolition
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ABOLITION OF SLAVERY Quakers advocated abolition of slaves William Lloyd Garrison – The Liberator Women became vocal advocates for abolition American Colonization Society
Formed in 1817 Called for emancipation of slaves Former slaves would be transported to African state
of Liberia 12,000-15,000 migrated to Liberia
Problems: Not many slaves earned their freedom Very costly Many former slaves had no desire to live in Africa
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ERA OF REFORM Temperance Public Education Opposition to
Slavery Women’s Rights
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WOMEN’S RIGHTS Seneca Falls, New York
1848 Convention for women’s rights Declaration of Sentiments
“All men and women are created equal.” Right to vote Equality in marriage laws Property Rights
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CHECK UP! How did the societal
movements and problems of the early 1800s compare to the movements and problems of today?
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AMERICAN SOCIETY AND ECONOMY TRANSFORMED
Introduction Transportation
Agriculture Northwest Southwest
Transportation Industry Urbanization
Religion and Reforms Second Great Awakening Reform Era
Conclusion
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REVIEW Ideas to consider
Which “transformations” had the most impact on the nation’s development?
Which reform movement was most successful?
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LINKS Lowell National Historic Park New York’s Five Points District Immigration to the U.S. Second Great Awakening
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SOURCES http://college.cenga
ge.com/history/lecturepoints/index.html