American Printing House for the Blind

American Printing House for the Blind

“Child in a Strange Country”

Traveling Exhibit

Section 2: Reading & Writing

Revised Graphic Proofs Submittal 08.31.12


“Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept

Schultz

11-261

08-31-12

—

Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02

11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic ElevationNot to Scale



Schultz

11-261

08-31-12

—


11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & WritingFinal Size: 35.4375” x 78”

Hel

en K

elle

r had

a g

ift

for

langu

age

— ev

en t

hough

she

lost

her

sig

ht

and

hea

rin

g at

an

ear

ly a

ge.

In 1

88

6,

wh

en H

elen

was

six

, h

er f

ath

er w

rote

to M

ich

ael

An

agn

os,

hea

d o

f th

e Pe

rkin

s Sc

ho

ol

for

the

Blin

d in

Bost

on

, se

ekin

g a

teac

her

. So

me

mo

nth

s la

ter,

An

agn

os

sen

t o

ne

of

his

rec

ent

grad

uat

es,

An

ne

Su

lliv

an,

sou

th t

o A

lab

ama

to t

uto

r H

elen

. U

sin

g m

anu

al s

ign

lan

guag

e

dev

elo

ped

fo

r th

e d

eaf-

bli

nd

, co

mb

ined

wit

h

rais

ed-l

ette

r p

rin

tin

g u

sed

fo

r b

lin

d s

tud

ents

,

the

you

ng

teac

her

dre

w o

n h

er p

rogr

essi

ve

edu

cati

on

at

Perk

ins

to i

ntr

od

uce

her

stu

den

t

to t

he

fun

dam

enta

ls o

f co

mm

un

icat

ion

.

At

fi rs

t, t

he

task

see

med

in

surm

ou

nta

ble

—

teac

hin

g H

elen

th

at t

he

wo

rds

and

let

ters

Teac

her

sp

elle

d i

nto

her

han

d r

epre

sen

ted

real

-wo

rld

ob

ject

s an

d a

ctio

ns.

In

ab

ou

t a

mo

nth

, H

elen

su

dd

enly

mad

e th

e co

nn

ecti

on

:

W-A

-T-E

-R m

ean

t w

ate

r!!

Ob

ject

s h

ad

nam

es!

Fro

m t

hat

po

int

on

ward

, w

ith

An

ne

Su

lliv

an

’s

con

tin

ued

hel

p,

Hel

en K

elle

r b

ecam

e a

det

erm

ined

, ea

ger

learn

er w

ho

use

d h

er

new

fou

nd

to

ols

to

exp

lore

lit

eratu

re,

math

, sc

ien

ce,

geo

grap

hy,

an

d m

uch

mo

re.

As

Hel

en g

rew

up

, sh

e m

ast

ered

all

th

e p

op

ula

r re

ad

ing

syst

ems

for

the

bli

nd

, fr

om

rais

ed (

emb

oss

ed)

lett

ers

to v

ario

us

do

t co

des

. Sh

e als

o u

sed

a m

an

ual

pri

nt

typ

ewri

ter.

Her

favo

rite

sys

tem

, h

ow

ever

, w

as

the

rais

ed d

ots

fi r

st i

ntr

od

uce

d b

y Lo

uis

Bra

ille

in F

ran

ce i

n 1

829

. T

he

bra

ille

sys

tem

is

stil

l u

sed

wo

rld

wid

e to

ser

ve p

eop

le w

ho

are

bli

nd

or

visu

all

y im

pair

ed.

An

ne

Sull

ivan

an

d t

he

Per

kin

s Sc

ho

ol

Rea

din

g &

Wri

tin

g

“As

soo

n a

s I

cou

ld s

pel

l a

few

wo

rds

my

tea

cher

ga

ve m

e sl

ips

of

card

bo

ard

on

wh

ich

wer

e p

rin

ted

wo

rds

in r

ais

ed l

ette

rs.

Fro

m t

he

pri

nte

d s

lip

it

wa

s b

ut

a s

tep

to t

he

pri

nte

d b

oo

k. ”

— H

elen

Kel

ler, 1

90

5

Phot

o co

urt

esy

Am

eric

an F

oundat

ion f

or t

he

Blind

RW

.01

– In

tro



Schultz

11-261

08-31-12

—



In 1

786

Val

enti

n H

aüy,

fo

un

der

of

the

fi rs

t sc

ho

ol

for

chil

dre

n w

ho

wer

e b

lin

d i

n P

aris

, Fr

ance

, cr

eate

d t

he

fi rs

t ac

cess

ible

bo

ok.

Its

pag

es w

ere

emb

oss

ed i

n r

aise

d

Ro

man

let

ters

. H

aüy’

s st

ud

ents

pro

du

ced

th

e b

oo

k o

n

a p

rin

tin

g p

ress

usi

ng

spec

ially

mad

e m

ove

able

typ

e

to e

mb

oss

th

e p

ages

wit

h r

aise

d l

ette

rs.

The

Firs

t Tac

tile

Bo

ok

s

“Th

ere

is n

o m

ore

dif

fi cu

lty

in t

each

ing

a b

lin

d p

erso

n

the

pri

nci

ple

s o

f re

ad

ing

, th

an

in

tea

chin

g o

ne

wh

ose

visu

al

po

wer

s a

re i

n t

hei

r h

igh

est

per

fect

ion

…”

— Va

len

tin

Haü

y, 1

786

Ess

ai

sur

l’ed

uca

tio

n d

es a

veu

gle

s

(An E

ssay

on t

he

Educa

tion

of th

e Blin

d)

Pari

s, F

rance

, 17

86

Va

len

tin

Ha

üy

(174

5-18

22)

“Fat

her

and A

pos

tle

of t

he

Blin

d”

Tact

ile

Rep

rod

uct

ion

of

Fren

ch b

oo

k

This

rep

roduct

ion p

rese

nts

a p

age

from

the

1786 b

ook

, Es

sai su

r l’e

duca

tion

des

ave

ugle

s —

the

fi rs

t book

eve

r pri

nte

d in r

aise

d let

ters

for

peo

ple

who

wer

e blin

d. T

he

rounded

for

ms

of t

he

lett

ers

are

sim

ilar

to h

andw

riting.

Th

e le

tter

s w

ere

also

inke

d in, fo

r th

e ben

efi t

of si

ghte

d r

eader

s.

The

Co

nst

itu

tio

n o

f th

e U

nit

ed S

tate

sPr

inte

d in r

aise

d let

ters

by

the

Am

eric

an P

rinting

Hou

se

for

the

Blin

d, 18

75

The

Co

nst

itu

tio

n o

f th

e U

nit

ed S

tate

sPr

inte

d in r

aise

d let

ters

by

the

Am

eric

an P

rinting

Hou

se

for

the

Blin

d, 18

75

RW

_A0

2

Tact

ile R

epro

du

ctio

n o

f F

ren

ch b

oo

k

Th

is r

epro

du

ctio

n p

rese

nts

a p

age

fro

m

the

1786

bo

ok,

Ess

ai s

ur

l’ed

uca

tio

n d

es

aveu

gle

s —

th

e fi

rst

bo

ok

ever

pri

nte

d in

ra

ised

lett

ers

for

peo

ple

wh

o w

ere

blin

d.

Th

e ro

un

ded

fo

rms

of

the

lett

ers

are

sim

ilar

to h

and

wri

tin

g. T

he

lett

ers

wer

e al

so in

ked

in, f

or

the

ben

efit

of

sig

hte

d

read

ers.

Th

e C

on

stit

uti

on

of

the

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Pri

nte

d in

rai

sed

lett

ers

by

the

Am

eric

an P

rin

tin

g H

ou

se

for

the

Blin

d, 1

875

RW

_A0

8(F

ren

ch E

ssay

)

RW

.02

– In

ter



Schultz

11-261

08-31-12

—



Bo

sto

n L

ine

Typ

e

In t

he

U.S

., S

amu

el G

rid

ley

Ho

we

use

d

angu

lar

Rom

an le

tter

s w

ithout

capital

s

to d

evel

op “

Bost

on lin

e ty

pe,

” p

rin

tin

g

his

fi r

st b

oo

k, A

cts

of t

he A

post

les,

in

1834

. H

ow

e’s

met

ho

d b

ecam

e th

e m

ain

emb

oss

ed t

ype

tau

ght

to c

hil

dre

n a

nd

ove

r th

e n

ext

50 y

ears

. W

hen

th

e

Am

eric

an P

rin

tin

g H

ou

se f

or

the

Bli

nd

beg

an i

n 1

858

, it

s fi

rst

bo

oks

wer

e

pri

nte

d i

n B

ost

on

lin

e ty

pe.

Sa

mu

el G

rid

ley

Ho

we

(18

01-

1876

)

How

e fo

unded

the

New

Engl

and A

sylu

m

for

the

Blin

d (

late

r Pe

rkin

s In

stitution

) an

d

pio

nee

red b

lindnes

s ed

uca

tion

.

Pag

e R

epro

du

ctio

n f

rom

Fa

ble

s b

y Jo

hn

Gay

Prin

ted in r

aise

d let

ters

by

the

Am

eric

an P

rinting

Hou

se

for

the

Blin

d, 18

69

Pag

e R

epro

du

ctio

n f

rom

Fab

les

by

Joh

n G

ay

Pri

nte

d in

rai

sed

lett

ers

by

the

Am

eric

an P

rin

tin

g H

ou

se

for

the

Blin

d, 1

869

RW

_A0

7(F

ab

les)

RW

.03



Schultz

11-261

08-31-12

—



Man

y ea

rly

19th

-cen

tury

inve

nto

rs a

nd

tea

cher

s

exp

lore

d w

ays

to m

ake

tact

ile

(to

uch

ab

le)

read

ing

syst

ems

for

peo

ple

wh

o w

ere

bli

nd

.

Many

reje

cted

th

e R

om

an

alp

hab

et,

fi n

din

g it

too

dif

fi cu

lt t

o r

ead

by

tou

ch.

Inst

ead

, th

ey

inve

nte

d t

act

ile

cod

es u

sin

g ra

ised

sh

ap

es o

r

lin

es f

or

alp

hab

et l

ette

rs.

Idea

s fo

r ta

ctil

e co

des

cam

e fr

om

mu

sic,

co

des

an

d c

iph

ers

use

d i

n

dip

lom

acy,

an

cien

t w

riti

ng

such

as

hie

rogl

yph

ics,

and

sh

ort

han

d w

riti

ng.

Wh

ile

peo

ple

wh

o w

ere

bli

nd

co

uld

lea

rn

to r

ead

th

e va

rio

us

rais

ed l

ette

rs a

nd

co

des

,

all

thes

e sy

stem

s sh

ared

on

e m

ajo

r p

rob

lem

:

use

rs c

ou

ld n

ot

“wri

te”

or

crea

te t

hem

by

han

d.

Th

ese

earl

y ta

ctil

e sy

stem

s co

uld

be

pro

du

ced

on

ly o

n a

pri

nti

ng

pre

ss.

Rea

din

g w

ith

Co

des

Luca

s Ty

pe

En

glis

hm

an T

ho

mas

M.

Luca

s d

esig

ned

on

e o

f

the

earl

iest

tac

tile

co

des

. H

is s

yste

m,

intr

od

uce

d

in 1

833

, u

sed

a r

aise

d s

yste

m o

f st

raig

ht

lin

es,

L curv

ed l

ines

, an

d d

ots

. A

tea

cher

of

sho

rth

and

wri

tin

g fo

r d

icta

tio

n,

he

bas

ed h

is a

lph

abet

on

a p

op

ula

r sh

ort

han

d s

yste

m o

f th

e d

ay.

Ru

gg

les

Pre

ss

Tact

ile

Rep

rod

uct

ion

Key

to

Luca

s Ty

pe

Tact

ile R

epro

duct

ion

A p

age

from

The

Pilg

rim

’s P

rogre

ss b

y Jo

hn B

uny

an, em

bos

sed in

T.M

. Lu

cas’

Em

bos

sed S

tenog

raphic

Char

acte

rs, Lo

ndon

, 18

60

Tact

ile R

epro

du

ctio

n

Key

to

Lu

cas

Typ

e

Tact

ile R

epro

du

ctio

n

A p

age

fro

m T

he

Pilg

rim

’s P

rog

ress

by

Joh

n B

un

yan

, em

-b

oss

ed in

T.M

. Lu

cas’

Em

bo

ssed

Ste

no

gra

ph

ic C

har

acte

rs,

Lo

nd

on

, 186

0

RW

_A0

9(L

uca

s K

ey)

RW

_A10

(Pil

grim

s Pro

gress

)

RW

.04

– F

lip/I

nte

r



Schultz

11-261

08-31-12

—



Tact

ile

Rep

rod

uct

ion

of

a p

ag

e o

f M

oo

n t

ype

Tact

ile

Key

to

th

e M

oo

n S

yste

m o

f em

bo

ssed

rea

din

g

The

Mo

on

Alp

hab

et

Wil

liam

Mo

on

, an

inve

nto

r w

ho

was

bli

nd

him

self

, cr

eate

d a

co

de

syst

em b

ased

on

th

e

Ro

man

alp

hab

et w

ith

let

ters

red

uce

d t

o t

hei

r

sim

ple

st f

orm

s. T

he

Mo

on

sys

tem

rea

ds

fro

m

left

to

rig

ht

on

on

e li

ne,

an

d t

hen

fro

m r

igh

t to

left

on

th

e n

ext.

Th

is o

nce

po

pu

lar

syst

em i

s

stil

l u

sed

by

a fe

w i

n G

reat

Bri

tain

to

day

.

Dr.

Wil

lia

m M

oo

n (

1818

-18

94

)

Tact

ile R

epro

du

ctio

n o

f a

pag

e o

f M

oo

n t

ype

Tact

ile K

ey t

o t

he

Mo

on

Sys

tem

of

emb

oss

ed r

ead

ing

RW

_A11

(Mo

on

Typ

e)

RW

_A12

(Mo

on

Key

)

RW

.05



Schultz

11-261

08-31-12

—



Alth

ough

rai

sed

Rom

an le

tter

sys

tem

s w

ere

popu

lar

at fi

rst

, a

rais

ed d

ot

cod

e –

the

bra

ille

sys

tem

—

ult

imat

ely

bec

ame

the

stan

dar

d r

ead

ing

syst

em

for

peo

ple

wh

o a

re b

lin

d. N

amed

for

its

inve

nto

r,

Lou

is B

raille

, b

raille

co

de

cou

ld n

ot

on

ly b

e re

ad;

it c

ou

ld b

e w

ritt

en b

y h

and

by

ind

ivid

ual

s u

sin

g

a sl

ate

and

sty

lus.

Th

e b

rail

le s

yste

m g

rad

ual

ly

rep

lace

d a

ll o

ther

tac

tile

co

des

. To

day

bra

ille

is

use

d a

ll o

ver

the

wo

rld

.

Bra

ille

’s s

yste

m w

as r

evo

luti

on

ary

bec

ause

of

its

sim

pli

city

. T

he

bra

ille

cel

l h

as s

ix d

ots

arr

ange

d

in t

wo,

th

ree-

do

t co

lum

ns.

Th

ese

six

do

ts c

an b

e

arra

nge

d i

n 6

3 d

iffe

ren

t p

atte

rns,

all

ow

ing

for

pu

nct

uat

ion

mar

ks,

con

jun

ctio

ns,

an

d c

om

mo

n

lett

er c

om

bin

atio

ns,

as

wel

l as

th

e al

ph

abet

and

nu

mer

als.

Bra

ille

co

des

hav

e b

een

cre

ated

for

mat

hem

atic

s, c

hem

ical

no

tati

on

, an

d m

usi

c.

All

lan

guag

es c

an b

e tr

ansl

ated

in

to b

rail

le.

Lou

is B

rail

leFr

ench

-bo

rn L

ou

is B

rail

le (

180

9 -

1852

) b

ecam

e

blin

d a

t ag

e fo

ur

and e

nte

red t

he

school fo

r blin

d

chil

dre

n i

n P

aris

at

age

ten

. A

s a

teac

her

, h

e

continued

to e

xper

imen

t w

ith b

ette

r w

ays

to r

ead

and

wri

te.

He

fi rs

t p

ub

lish

ed h

is c

od

e in

1829

.

Mo

der

n r

ead

ing

an

d w

riti

ng

Man

y st

ud

ents

sti

ll u

se b

rail

le s

late

s fo

r sh

ort

no

tes

and

bra

ille

wri

ters

fo

r lo

nge

r as

sign

men

ts.

Oth

ers

pre

fer

an e

lect

ron

ic n

ote

-tak

er w

ith

a

refr

esh

able

dis

pla

y su

ch a

s th

e B

rail

le P

lus.

The

Bra

ille

Sys

tem

Lou

is B

rail

le (

180

9–1

852

)

Fra

nk

Ha

ven

Ha

ll (

184

1-19

11)

Phot

o co

urt

esy

Illin

ois

School

for

the

Visu

ally

Im

pai

red

Gir

l U

sin

g a

bra

ille

wri

ter,

19

02

Phot

o co

urt

esy

Illin

ois

School

for

the

Visu

ally

Im

pai

red

Fra

nk

Ha

ven

Ha

ll (

184

1-19

11)

Fra

nk

Ha

ven

Ha

ll(1

84

119

11)

Phot

o co

urt

esy

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11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Encased Object LabelFinal Size: 8” x 3”

The Constitution of the United StatesPrinted in raised letters by the American Printing House

for the Blind, 1875



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11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Encased Graphic PanelFinal Size: 19” x 8.25”

Frank Haven Hall (1841-1911)Photo courtesy Illinois School for the Visually Impaired

Girl Using a braillewriter, 1902Photo courtesy Illinois School for the Visually Impaired



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Special Holy Communion Service for Those at Home or in HospitalEmbossed in Grade 1 Moon type



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“Washboard” Slateca. 1890Museum Collection

Louis Braille himself used a “washboard” slate like this one, which

has parallel horizontal grooves instead of the pitted cells of more

recent models. A metal guide with three rows of cells may be moved

down the page. The writer uses the stylus to punch the dots.



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11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Object LabelFinal Size: 6” x 3”

Hall Braille Writerca. 1900Museum Collection

This machine may be touched,

but it is inoperable.



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APH Light-Touch Perkins BraillerThe American Printing House for the Blind

and the Howe Memorial Press introduced

this updated version of the durable

Perkins Brailler in 2011.



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Braille Slate with StylusA modern pocket slate used to write braille.

The design has changed very little in the

last one hundred years.



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Braille KeyReproduction of the Key to Braille

Grade One and Grade One and a Half,

introduced in 1917

NeedObject Photo



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11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Instructional/Information PanelFinal Size: 7” x 7”

Instructions for Using Slate and Stylus

Try writing braille by hand using a slate and stylus.

1. Open slate with hinged side to left,

place paper in slate, and close top plate.

2. Use stylus to punch dots in each cell into

the paper. Write from right to left to form signs

as shown on the WRITING DIAGRAM.

3. Remove paper and turn it over. Read your

signs from left to right, as shown on the

READING DIAGRAM.



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The First Mechanical Braille Writer

The braille slate was a wonderful tool that enabled

blind people to write to other blind people and take

notes for their studies. However, writing braille on

a slate was slow. Inspired by the typewriter, inventors

soon sought a mechanical solution.

Frank Haven Hall (1841-1911), superintendent of the

Illinois Institution for Education of the Blind, invented

a mechanical braillewriter in 1892. Within months,

Hall’s students were writing 85 words a minute with

their machines!



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Write Your Name in Braille!

Instructions for Using the Braillewriter

1. Pull the paper release lever (A) toward you and

feed a bookmark under the embossing head.

2. Close the paper release lever and feed the

bookmark into the writer by turning the

paper feed knob (B).

3. Look at the BRAILLEWRITE/SLATE READING

DIAGRAM. Form a sign by pressing the

numbered keys indicated for each sign,

all at the same time.



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11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Braille Alphabet PanelFinal Size: 8” x 5.5”

The Braille AlphabetRight to left for slate and stylus

1

2 5

j

1

5

i

2

4

5

h

1

2

4

5

g

1 4

5

f

2

4

e

1

2

4

d

1 4

c

4

5

b

4

a

1

2 5

6

t

1

5

6

s

2

4

5

6

r

1

2

4

5

6

q

1 4

5

6

p

2

4

6

o

1

2

4

6

n

1 4

6

m

4

5

6

l

4

6

k

2

3

4

6

z

1

2

3

4

6

y

1

3

4

6

x

1

2

3

5

w3

4

5

6

v3

4

6

u



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11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Braille Alphabet PanelFinal Size: 8” x 5.5”

The Braille AlphabetLeft to right for reading and braillewriter

1

a

1

2

b

1 4

c

1 4

5

d

1

5

e

1

2

4

f

1

2

4

5

g

1

2 5

h

2

4

i

2

4

j1

3

k

1

2

3

l

1

3

4

m

1

3

4

5

n

1

3

5

o

1

2

3

4

p

1

2

3

4

5

q

1

2

3

5

r

2

3

4

s

2

3

4

5

t1

3 6

u

1

2

3 6

v

2

4

5

6

w

1

3

4

6

x

1

3

4

5

6

y

1

3

5

6

z

5

American Printing House for the Blind

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