America Becomes an Imperial Power America Becomes an Imperial Power.

AmericaBecomes

an ImperialPower

1. Social Darwinist Thinking

The Hierarchyof Race

1. Social Darwinist Thinking

The White Man’sBurden

Take up the White Man’s burden-

Send forth the best ye breed-Go bind your sons in exile

To serve your captives’ need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild-

Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.

Rudyard Kipling 1899

2. Religious/Missionary Interests

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

• Reverend Josiah Strong became a foundational figure in the Social Gospel Movement, that fused the ideas of Social Darwinism and American Protestantism.

• His book, Our Country: Its Possible Future and Present Crisis 1885, sparked Amer. imperialism abroad.

3. Commercial/Business Interests

Economic depression of 1893 necessitated expansion to further trade

and rescue economy.

YEAR

RAIL PRODUCTIONSTEEL

PRODUCTIONLOCOMOTIVES

PRODUCEDFREIGHT CARS

PRODUCED(millions long tons) (million long tons)

1889 1.5 3.4 1,860 70,6001890 1.9 4.3 2,300 103,8001891 1.3 3.9 2,165 95,5001892 1.6 4.9 2,012 98,1001893 1.1 4 2,011 56,9001894 1 4.4 695 17,0001895 1.3 6.1 1,101 38,1001896 1.1 5.3 1,175 51,2001897 1.6 7.2 1,251 43,6001898 2 8.9 1,875 99,8001899 2.3 10.6 2,475 119,9001900 2.4 10.2 3,153 115,600

Source: Historical Statistics of the U.S., 1790-


U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

American Foreign Trade:

1870-1914


4. Military/Strategic InterestsThe fear the

the U.S. was falling

behind the rest of

Europe in its turn of

the century colonial binge.

4. Military/Strategic Interests

Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

5. Closing the American Frontier Frederick

Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis at the 1893 World’s

Columbian Expo in Chicago

Alaska

“Seward’s Icebox”: 1867

$7.2 million dollars

“Seward’s Folly”: 1867

A “folly” for whom?

Hawaii:"Crossroads

of thePacific"

U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii

Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

“commerce follows the missionary” Jos. Strong

U. S. View of Hawaiians

Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849

by virtue of economic treaties.

Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii

1875 – Reciprocity Treaty

1890 – McKinley Tariff

1893 – Americanbusinessmen backed anuprising against Queen Liliuokalani.

Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

To The Victor Belongs the Spoils

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Not until McKinley was Pres.

Venezuela

British Imperialism in Caribbean

• Gold is found on border of Venezuela & British Guiana in 1890s

• President Cleveland saw solution to bimetal crisis

• Congress pushed for a firm response to Britain.

Monroe Doctrine alive and well• Cleveland Sec. of

State Richard Olney reasserts the Monroe Doctrine to GB & suggests arbitration

• PM Lord Salisbury rejects Monroe Doctrine & offer

• Cleveland all but threatens GB & they submit to arbitration.

The Imperialist Taylor

Spanish Misrule in Cuba

Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy

Cuban Revolutionary Jose Marti• Exiled Cuban

journalist who worked tirelessly to bring freedom and democracy to Cuba

• Known as the “Apostle of Cuban Independence”

• Marti rallied the support of Cuban émigré community in America to pressure the government to come to the aid of the Cubans.

“Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism

Joseph Pulitzer

William Randolph Hearst

Hearst to Frederick Remington: “You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!”

Theodore Roosevelt

Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration.

Imperialist and American nationalist.

Criticized PresidentMcKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair!

Resigns his position to fight in Cuba. (not before sending Adm. Dewey from Hong Kong to Manilla Bay on Feb. 25th)

The “Rough Riders”

De Lôme LetterDupuy de Lôme, SpanishAmbassador to the U.S.

Criticized PresidentMcKinley as weak and abidder for the admirationof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be politicianwho tries to leave a dooropen behind himself whilekeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hisparty.

Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

The Spanish-American War (1898):

“That Splendid Little War”

How prepared was the US for war?

ThePhilippines

The Spanish-American War (1898):

“That Splendid Little War”

Dewey Captures Manila!

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the FilipinoUprising.

July 4, 1946:Philippine independence

William H. Taft, 1stGov. General of the Philippines

Great administrator.

America Becomes an Imperial Power America Becomes an Imperial Power.

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