AMD Engineering Book

108

Transcript of AMD Engineering Book

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 1/108

;OL<UP]LYZP[`VM4PJOPNHU*633,.,6-,5.05,,905.

(7OV[VNYHWOPJ/PZ[VY`*LSLIYH[PUN@LHYZ

(UUL+\KLYZ[HK[

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 2/108

<PM=VQ MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV+744-/-7.-6/16--:16/

)8PW\WOZIXPQK0Q[\WZa+MTMJZI\QVOAMIZ[

)VVM,]LMZ[\IL\

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 3/108

+WXaZQOP\Ja\PM5QTTMVVQ]U8ZWRMK\

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV

)TTZQOP\[ZM[MZ^ML

<PM5QTTMVVQ]U8ZWRMK\

5MLQI=VQWV

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV

)VV)ZJWZ5QKPQOIV!

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 4/108

<WITTWN \PW[M_PW_WZSML[WPIZLQVaMIZ[XI[\\WJ]QTLWVMWN\PM_WZTL¼[OZMI\MVOQVMMZQVOKWTTMOM[

[MZ^QVO5QKPQOIV\PMVI\QWVIVL\PM_WZTL\WLIaIVLNWZOMVMZI\QWV[\WKWUM

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 5/108

8:-.)+-

1V\PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVO_QTTKMTMJZI\M aMIZ[WN MVOQVMMZQVOML]KI\QWVI\\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN

5QKPQOIV<PQ[Q[I [\WZaWN \PMM^WT]\QWVWN \PM-VOQVMMZQVOKIUX][W^MZ\PMaMIZ[7N KW]Z[M]VQ^MZ[Q\QM[

IZMXZWNW]VLTa P]UIVMVLMI^WZ[/ZMI\ IKPQM^MUMV\[[]KP I[ \PW[MKPIZIK\MZQbQVO 5QKPQOIV¼[ +WTTMOMWN

-VOQVMMZQVOPIXXMVJMKI][M\ITMV\MLIVLLMLQKI\MLNIK]T\a[\]LMV\[[\INNIT]UVQIVLNZQMVL[UISM\PMU

PIXXMV

)T\PW]OP\PQ[M[[IaQ[NWK][MLWV\PMKIUX][WN \PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVOQ\IT[WI\\MUX\[\WQV\ZWL]KM\PM

XMWXTMIVLM^MV\[\PI\PI MKWV\ZQJ]\ML[WU]KP\W\PM+WTTMOM¼[PQ[\WZa1\Q[IXI\KP_WZS[\Q\KPQVO\WOM\PMZ

QUIOM[_Q\P\PM_WZL[WN \PW[MUMUJMZ[WN \PM5QKPQOIVNIUQTa_PWXIZ\QKQXI\MLLQZMK\TaQV\PMJ]QTLQVOWN

\PM+WTTMOMIVL\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a<PQ[MNNWZ\LZI_[VW\WVTaWV\PMPQ[\WZQKITIZKPQ^M[WN\PM*MV\TMa0Q[\WZQKIT

4QJZIZa=VQ^MZ[Q\aX]JTQKI\QWV[[]KPI[\PM 5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK\PM 5QKPQOIV)T]UV][IVL<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN   5QKPQOIV" )V-VKaKTWXMLQK;]Z ^Ma J]\IT[WWV \PM^I[\_ZQ\QVO[XMZ[WVIT XIXMZ[ IVLXPW\WOZIXP[WN \_W-VOQVMMZQVO

,MIV[5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaIVL2IUM[,]LMZ[\IL\ )UWZMKWUXTM\M LM[KZQX\QWV WN ZM[W]ZKMUI\MZQIT[IVL

IKSVW_TMLOMUMV\WNI[[Q[\IVKMQ[XZW^QLMLQVIVIXXMVLQ`

<PM PQ[\WZa WN X]JTQK PQOPMZ ML]KI\QWV QV)UMZQKIQ[ JW\P ZQKP IVL [QOVQÅKIV\XIZ\QK]TIZTa NWZ TMILQVO

]VQ^MZ[Q\QM[[]KPI[\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIVIVL NWZLQ[\QVO]Q[PMLIKILMUQKXZWOZIU[[]KP I[Q\[+WTTMOM

WN -VOQVMMZQVOAM\ITT \WWWN\MV X]JTQK]VQ^MZ[Q\QM[\MVL \WQOVWZM \PMQZPQ[\WZaMIKPOMVMZI\QWVWN NIK]T\a

[\]LMV\[IVLILUQVQ[\ZI\WZ[XI QVOW^MZWZWJTQ\MZI\QVO\PMIZ\QNIK\[IVLIKPQM MUMV\[WN MIZTQMZ[\]LMV\[IVL

NIK]T\a_Q\P IVM_ TIaMZWN [\Z]K\]ZM[XZWOZIU[IVL XZIK\QKM[*MaWVL\PM QUXWZ\IVKMWN XZM[MZ^QVO[]KP

PQ[\WZaNWZN]\]ZMOMVMZI\QWV[Q\Q[IT[W\PMKI[M\PI\\WQOVWZM\PMXI[\Q[\WKWVLMUVWVM\WZMXMI\Q\[UQ[\ISM[

QV\PMN]\]ZM

<PQ[XPW\WOZIXPQKPQ[\WZa _I[KZMI\ML JW\P\W LWK]UMV\IVL PWVWZ \PMZMUIZSIJTM IKPQM MUMV\[WN \PM

+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVOL]ZQVOQ\[KMV\]ZaIVLIPITN WN TMILMZ[PQXQVMVOQVMMZQVOML]KI\QWVIVLXMZPIX[I[

_MTT\WXZW QLMIZM[W]ZKM\WO]QLM\PW[M_PW_QTTLM\MZUQVMIVLJMVMÅ\NZWUQ\[IK\Q^Q\QM[QV\PMN]\]ZM

)VV)ZJWZ5QKPQOIV

.ITT

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 6/108

! !

! !

!

!!

<0-->74=<1767.<0-=61>-:;1<A7.51+01/)6-6/16--:16/*=14,16/;

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 7/108

<PWUI[2MNNMZ[WV¼[WZQOQVIT[SM\KPUIXWNPQ[XTIV\WLQ^QLM\PM6WZ\P_M[\<MZZQ\WZaQV\W[\I\M[

<PMXTIV_I[TIZOMTaNWTTW_ML_PMV\PMIK\]ITLQ^Q[QWVWNTIVL\WWSXTIKM

<PM LQ[KQXTQVM WN MVOQVMMZQVO M^WT ML L]ZQVO \PM

\PIVL!\PKMV\]ZQM[NZWUIUQTQ\IZaKZIN\I[[WKQ

I\ML_Q\P\PM\MKPVWTWOaWN _IZ\WJZWILMZKQ^QTQIV

IXXTQKI\QWV[[]KP I[ JZQLOM KWV[\Z]K\QWV QVL][\ZQIT

\MKPVWTWOaIVL\ZIV[XWZ\I\QWV

<PMÅZ[\)UMZQKIV[KPWWT\WWNNMZQV[\Z]K\QWVQVMV

OQVMMZQVO_I[\PM=VQ\ML;\I\M[5QTQ\IZa)KILMUaI\

?M[\8WQV\QV¹UQTQ\IZaMVOQVMMZQVOºNWTTW_ML

Ja\PM:MV[[MTMIZ8WTa\MKPVQK1V[\Q\]\MQV¹KQ^QT

MVOQVMMZQVOº\PM=VQ\ML;\I\M[6I^IT)KILMUaI\

)VVIXWTQ[QV0IZ^IZLQVTI\MZ[X]VWNN

I[51<,IZ\UW]\PQVIVLAITMQV

)T\PW]OP\PMWZQOQVWN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV¼[

MVOQVMMZQVO XZWOZIU Q[ OMVMZITTa LI\ML I[

_PMV\PMÅZ[\KTI[[M[QV\PQ[[]JRMK\_MZM\I]OP\\PM

WZQOQVITXTIVNWZ\PM]VQ^MZ[Q\aQVKITTMLNWZI

XZWNM[[WZ[PQXQVUQTQ\IZa[KQMVKM\PMVSVW_VI[MV

OQVMMZQVO4I\MZ_PMV\PMKPIZ\MZNWZ\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

_I[ILWX\M LJa\PMVM_;\I\MWN 5QKPQOIVQVQ\XZW^QLMLNWZIXZWNM[[WZ[PQXQV¹KQ^QTMVOQVMMZQVOIVL

LZI_QVOº0W_M MZ\PM[\I\MTMOQ[TI\]ZMLQLVW\XZW

 ^QLMILMY]I\MN]VLQVONWZ\PQ[XZWOZIUIVLQV[\Z]K

\QWVQV[KQMVKMIVLMVOQVMMZQVOTIaLWZUIV\]V\QT\PM

IZZQ^ITWN0MVZa8PQTQX<IXXIVQV

-):4A-6/16--:16/-,=+)<176

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 8/108

7V)]O][\\PM<MZZQ\WZQIT+WVOZM[[XI[[ML

IVIK\\WM[\IJTQ[PIVML]KI\QWVITQV[\Q\]\QWVVIUML

¹\PM+I\PWTM

XQ[\MUQIL WZ=VQ MZ[Q\a WN 5QKPQOIVQIº \WJM TWKI\MLQV,M\ZWQ\

<PQ[IK\MV^Q[QWVML\PMWZOIVQbI\QWVWN I KWUXTM\M

IVLKWUXZMPMV[Q^MML]KI\QWVIT[a[\MU_Q\PQV[\Z]K

\QWVNWZaW]VOXMWXTMQVIKWV\QV]W][XZWOZIUI\

\PMMTMUMV\IZa[MKWVLIZaIVL]VQ^MZ[Q\aTM^MT

8ZQWZ \W MV\MZQVO \PM =VQWV I[ I [\I\M QV

5QKPQOIV _I[ I XIZ\ WN \PM 6WZ\P_M[\ <MZZQ\WZa

<PQ[^I[\ZMOQWVKWV\IQVQVO_PI\_MSVW_\WLIaI[

\PM5QL_M[\MZV=VQ\ML;\I\M[_I[WZOIVQbML]VLMZ\PM 6WZ\P_M[\ 7ZLQVIVKM WN <PM <MZZQ\WZa

WN 5QKPQOIV_I[ WZOIVQbMLQV _Q\PQ\[KPQMN

[M\\TMUMV\JMQVO\PM^QTTIOMWN ,M\ZWQ\

<PM 6WZ\P_M[\ 7ZLQVIVKM IT[W M[\IJTQ[PML \PM

XZQVKQXTM WN X]JTQK []XXWZ\ WN ML]KI\QWV _Q\P Q\[

[\I\MUMV\"¹:MTQOQWVUWZITQ\aIVLSVW_TMLOMJMQVO

VMKM[[IZa\WOWWLOW^MZVUMV\IVL\PMPIXXQVM[[WN

UIVSQVL[KPWWT[IVL\PMUMIV[WN ML]KI\QWV[PITT

NWZM^MZJMMVKW]ZIOMLº

<PMIK\M[\IJTQ[PML\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIV

I[ I TMOIT MV\Q\a KWUXZQ[ML WN \PQZ\MMV XZWNM[[WZ[

WZ¹LQLIK\WZ[º _PWITWVO_Q\PI XZM[QLMV\_W]TL

OW^MZV\PMKWVKMZV[WN \PMQV[\Q\]\QWV.]Z\PMZUWZM

\PQ[JWLa_I[\WN]VK\QWVI[I <MZZQ\WZQIT*WIZLWN

-L]KI\QWV _Q\P XW_MZ \W M[\IJTQ[P IVL []XMZ Q[M

¹KWTTMOM[ IKILMUQM[ [KPWWT[ TQJZIZQM[ U][M]U[

I\PMVIM]U[ JW\IVQKIT OIZLMV[ TIJWZI\WZQM[ IVL

W\PMZ ][MN]T TQ\MZIZaIVL [KQMV\QÅK QV[\Q\]\QWV[IVL\W IXXWQV\ WNÅKMZ[QV[\Z]K\WZ[IVL QV[\Z]K\ZQKM[QV

IUWVOIVL\PZW]OPW]\\PM^IZQW][KW]V\QM[KQ\QM[

\W_V[ \W_V[PQX[ IVLW\PMZOMWOZIXPQKITLQ^Q[QWV[

WN 5QKPQOIVº  5QKPQOIV )T]UV][!X!

<0-+)<074-81;<-51),WZ=61>-:;1<A7.51+01/)61) 

-[\IJTQ[PMLQV,M\ZWQ\)]O][\

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 9/108

.W]ZUMVXTIaMLIXZWUQVMV\ZWTMQV\PMNW]VLQVOWN

\PM+I\PWTMXQ[\MUQIL"

?QTTQIU?WWLJZQLOM_I[IXXWQV\ML[MKZM\IZaWN \PM

5QKPQOIV<MZZQ\WZaQV0M[MZ^MLI[5QKPQOIV¼[

[MKWVL/W MZVWZNZWU]V\QT_PMVPM_I[

MTMK\ML\W\PM=VQ\ML;\I\M[;MVI\M_PMZMPM[MZ^ML

]V\QT

 2]LOM)]O][\][*?WWL_IZL_I[I XXWQV\ML\W \PM

<MZZQ\WZQIT /W MZVUMV\WN 5QKPQOIVJaPQ[ NZQMVL

<PWUI[2MNNMZ[WV0M_I[X]\QVKPIZOMWN LZIN\QVO

\PMTI_[OW^MZVQVOML]KI\QWVQV\PM<MZZQ\WZa

/IJZQMT:QKPIZLI;]TXQKQIVUQ[[QWVIZaXZQM[\IVLI

ZMN]OMMWN \PM .ZMVKP:M^WT]\QWV[M\\TMLQV ,M\ZWQ\

QV ! 0M [MZ ML VW\ WVTa I[ XI[\WZ WN ;IQV\

)VVM¼[+P]ZKPJ]\IT[WI[[KPWWTUI[\MZNWZ\PMTQ\\TM

KWUU]VQ\aWN IJW]\*a.I\PMZ:QKPIZL

PILMQOP\[KPWWT[WXMZI\QVOQV\PMIZMI0M[MZ^MLI[

>QKM8ZM[QLMV\WN\ PM+I\PWTMXQ[\MUQIL

 2WPV 5WV\MQ\P I ;KW\\Q[P 8ZM[Ja\MZQIV UQVQ[\MZ

_PWOZIL]I\MLNZWU\PMVM_8ZQVKM\WV;MUQVIZaQV

KIUM\W,M\ZWQ\\W[M\]X\PMÅZ[\8ZW\M[\IV\

;WKQM\aQV5QKPQOIV 0M[MZ^MLI[8ZM[QLMV\WN \PM+I\PWTMXQ[\MUQIL

 2]LOM?WWL_IZL_I[PMI^QTaQVÆ]MVKMLJa\PM.ZMVKP

[a[\MUWN ML]KI\QWVQV_PQKPITTWNML]KI\QWVNZWU

XZQUIZa[KPWWT\PZW]OPKWTTMOM_W]TLJMKWV\ZWTTML

IVLN]VLMLJa\PM[\I\M)\\PMPMILWN \PQ[[a[\MU

_W]TLJMI]VQ^MZ[Q\aWZI[?WWL_IZLVIUMLQ\I

¹+I\PWTMXQ[\MUQILºPQ[ \MZU NWZ ]VQ^MZ[IT[KQMVKM

?WWL_IZLWZOIVQbML\PMSVW_TMLOM\WJM\I]OP\Ja

\PM]VQ^MZ[Q\aQV\W\PQZ\MMVLQ^Q[QWV["

)VWNÅKQIT[MIT_I[ILWX\MLWV;MX\MUJMZ

<PQZ\MMV8ZWNM[[WZ[PQX[

QV2]LOM?WWL_IZL¼[PIVL_ZQ\QVO 

)]O][\][?WWL_IZL

)LZI_QVOUILMNZWU

 ^MZJITLM[KZQX\QWV

/IJZQMT:QKPIZL 2WPV5WV\MQ\P

4I\MZQVTQNM

 )V\PZWXWOTWN[QKIWZ4Q\MZI\]ZM

 5I\PMUI\QKIWZ5I\PMUI\QK[

 8Pa[QWOVW[\QKIWZ6I\]ZIT0Q[\WZa

 8Pa[QW[WX\QKIWZ6I\]ZIT8PQTW[WXPa

 )[\ZWVWUQIWZ)[\ZWVWUa

+PaUQIWZ+PMUQ[\Za

 2I\ZQKIWZ<PM5MLQKIT;KQMVKM[

 -KWVWUQKIWZ<PM-KWVWUQKIT;KQMVKM[

 -\PQKIWZ<PM-\PQKIT;KQMVKM[

 8WTMUQ\IK\QKIWZ<PM5QTQ\IZa;KQMVKM[

 ,QMOM\QKIWZ<PM0Q[\WZQKIT;KQMVKM[

 -VV[MQKIWZ <PM1V\MTTMK\]IT;KQMVKM[

QVKT]LQVO8[aKPWTWOaIVL:MTQOQWV

+I\PWTMXQ[\MUQIWZ=VQ^MZ[IT;KQMVKM

?QTTQIU?WWLJZQLOM

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 10/108

 <PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a*]QTLQVOQV,M\ZWQ\

1V+WVOZM[[XMZUQ\\ML5QKPQOIV\WMTMK\I[TI\M

WN MQOP\MMVUMV NZWU _PQKP\PM 8ZM[QLMV\ _W]TL[MTMK\ VQVM \W [MZ M I[ I 4MOQ[TI\Q M +W]VKQT IVL

ZMTQM^M\PMOW^MZVWZIVLR]LOM[WN TI_UISQVO

<PQ[4MOQ[TI\Q^M+W]VKQT[\MXXMLQV\W\PMML]KI\QWV

XQK\]ZM QV Ja I]\PWZQbQVO ITT \W_V[PQX[

KWV\IQVQVO ÅN\a WZ UWZM NIUQTQM[ \W MUXTWa I

[KPWWTUI[\MZNWZ[Q`UWV\P[MIKPaMIZ)\\PM[IUM

\QUM \PM *WIZL WN <Z][\MM[ OI M ]X []XMZ Q[QWV

WN XZQUIZa [KPWWT[ IVL \PM ]VQ\a WN ML]KI\QWV

MV^Q[QWVMLJa?WWL_IZL_I[TW[\

1V\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a¼[XZM[MVKMQV,M\ZWQ\_PQKP

_I[ [\QTT TQ\\TM UWZM \PIV IV MTMUMV\IZa [KPWWT

LQ[IXXMIZML

>QM_WN\PM+IUX][NZWU\PM6WZ\PMI[\

1V \PM MIZTa [ \PM 5QKPQOIV <MZZQ\WZa_I[ QV

XWTQ\QKIT\]ZUWQTQV\PMMNNWZ\\WNWZUI[\I\MLM^MTWX

IKWV[\Q\]\QWVIVL[MMSILUQ\\IVKM\W\PM=VQWV

7V2IV]IZa 5QKPQOIV _I[ ILUQ\\ML \W

\PM=VQWVI[ Q\[\_MV\a[Q`\P [\I\M <PI\aMIZ \PM

[]XMZQV\MVLMV\ WN X]JTQK QV[\Z]K\QWV 2WPV 8QMZKM

XZM[MV\MLIKWUXZMPMV[Q MXTIVNWZX]JTQKML]KI\QWV

NWZ \PM VM_ [\I\M 8ZQUIZa [KPWWT[ _MZM XTIKML

LQZMK\Ta ]VLMZ \PM [\I\M []XMZQV\MVLMV\¼[ WNÅKM

;MKWVLIZa ML]KI\QWV _I[ \W JM XZW QLML \PZW]OP

KW]V\a JZIVKPM[WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a MIKP PI QVOQ\[

W_VJWIZLWN\Z][\MM[

7V5IZKP\PM)VV)ZJWZ4IVL+WUXIVa

WNNMZMLIKZM[NWZ\PM[Q\MNWZ\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a 7V

5IZKP\PMWNNMZ_I[IKKMX\MLJa\PMTMOQ[TI\]ZM

<PM\W_VWN )VV)ZJWZPILM`Q[\ML NWZWVTaaMIZ[

IVLPILIXWX]TI\QWVWN IJW]\<PM^QTTIOMPIL

IKW]Z\PW][MIRIQTNW]ZKP]ZKPM[\_WVM_[XIXMZ[

\_WJIVS[MQOP\ UQTT[ IVLNIK\WZQM[ [M MZIT[\WZM[

MTM^MVTI_aMZ[IVLVQVMXPa[QKQIV[

<PMVM_*WIZLWN :MOMV\[UM\NWZ\PZMMLIa[QV2]VM

IVLIOZMML\WM[\IJTQ[PNW]ZXZWNM[[WZ[PQX[<PMUIQV

J][QVM[[_I[\PM[MTMK\QWVWN\PM[Q\MNWZ\PMKIUX][

<PMZM _MZM \_W KPWQKM[" I ÆI\ \ZIK\MI[\WN ;\I\M

;\ZMM\IVLI[Q\MQV\PMPQTT[\W\PMVWZ\PW^MZTWWSQVO

\PM0]ZWV:Q^MZ <PMaKPW[M\PMÆI\IZMIXIZ\WN

\PM:]U[Ma6WTIVLNIZU _PQKPPIL JMMV KTMIZML

WN NWZM[\\ZMM[8IZ\WN \PMNIZU_I[I _PMI\ÅMTL

XIZ\IXMIKPWZKPIZLIVL\PMZM[\XI[\]ZM

¹<W\PW[MWN ][_PWTWWSJIKSVW__Q\P\PMIL^IV\IOMWN »PQVL

[Q\M¼\PMUQ[\ISM[WN \PMÅZ[\JWIZLIZMWJ^QW][<_W\ZIK\[

WN TIVL_MZM KWV[QLMZMLI[ XW[[QJTM[Q\M[ NWZ\PM =VQ^MZ[Q\a

<PMKPWQKMNMTTWV\PM_ZWVOWVMIVL_MVW_PI^M\PMXZM[MV\

+IUX][]VLQ[\QVO]Q[PMLJaIVaVI\]ZITIL^IV\IOMQV[\MILWN

\PMKWUUIVLQVOTWKI\QWVWV\PMPQTT[W^MZTWWSQVO\PM0]ZWV

<PM^W\M_I[\Wº ?QTNZML;PI_  5QKPQOIV)T]UV][

 2IV]IZa!X

0QOPMZML]KI\QWV_I[\WJMXZW QLMLJa\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

<PZMMLMXIZ\UMV\[_MZM\WJMM[\IJTQ[PML"TQ\MZI\]ZM

[KQMVKMIVL\PMIZ\[#UMLQKQVM#IVLTI_<PMXTIV

_I[IXXZW^MLWV5IZKPQV\PM7ZOIVQK)K\

WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV?PQTMTM[[IUJQ\QW][

\PIV2]LOM?WWL_IZL¼[[KPMUM\PM)K\QVILLQ\QWV

\W\PM][]ITKTI[[QKITK]ZZQK]T]UUILMXZW^Q[QWVNWZ

XZWNM[[WZ[PQX[QV +PMUQ[\Za /MWTWOa *W\IVa .QVM

)Z\[ +Q^QT -VOQVMMZQVO IVL )ZKPQ\MK\]ZM I[ \PMa

UQOP\JMVMMLML

:M^MZMVL2WPV8QMZKM

1V\PMVIUM _I[KPIVOML\W\PM =VQ^MZ[Q\aWN

5QKPQOIV ) *WIZL WN <Z][\MM[_I[ IXXWQV\ML\W

OW MZV\PM[KPWWTQV[\MILWN \PM8ZWNM[[WZ[I[XZW

 ^QLMLQV\PMWZQOQVITIK\

4M[[ \PIV I UWV\P IN\MZ \PM <MZZQ\WZQIT +WVOZM[[

XI[[ML ?WWL_IZL¼[ IK\ \PM KWZVMZ[\WVM _I[ TIQL

NWZ\PMÅZ[\J]QTLQVOWN \PMVM_QV[\Q\]\QWV)\_W

[\WZaJ]QTLQVO _I[ JMO]VQV \PM NITTWN *a

)]O][\ WN \PM TW_MZ [\WZa_I[ ÅVQ[PMLIVL

4MU]MT ;PI\\]KS WXMVML I 8ZQUIZa ;KPWWT <PM

[MKWVL[\WZa_PQKP_I[\WPW][M\PMTQJZIZaIVL\PM

+TI[[QKIT)KILMUa _I[ VW\ KWUXTM\ML]V\QT !

*QLTIKSX

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 11/108

 

) UWLM[\ J]QTLQVOXTIV_I[ IXXZW ML \PI\ KITTML NWZ \PM KWV[\Z]K\QWV WN [Q

J]QTLQVO[ \_W \W [MZ M I[ LWZUQ\WZQM[ IVL KTI[[ZWWU[ IVL NW]ZI[ XZWNM[[WZ[¼

PW][M[

.W]Z QLMV\QKIT 8ZWNM[[WZ[¼ 0W][M[ _MZM KWUXTM\ML QV 5IZKP WN <_W

_MZMTWKI\MLWV6WZ\P=VQ^MZ[Q\aIVL\_WWV;W]\P=VQ^MZ[Q\a<PM\_W[\WZaXTIVQVKT]LMLIKMV\ZITPITT_Q\P\_WZWWU[WXMVQVOWNN MIKP[QLM <PM[IUM

IZZIVOMUMV\_I[ZMXMI\MLWV\PM[MKWVLÆWWZ-IKPZWWUPILIÅZMXTIKM<PM

PW][M[PILTW_XQ\KPML\QVZWWN[?WWLPW][M[KQ[\MZV[IVLJIZV[_MZMXZW^QLML

NWZMIKP

<PMPW][M[_MZMIT[W\WJM][MLNWZ\PM[\WZIOMWN \PMKIJQVM\WN VI\]ZITPQ[\WZa

[XMKQUMV[\PMTQJZIZa\PMXPQTW[WXPQKITIXXIZI\][IVLW\PMZOMVMZITX]ZXW[M[WN

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a]V\QT\PMUIQVJ]QTLQVO[KW]TLJMÅVQ[PML

8ZWNM[[WZ[¼0W][MNIKQVO\PMKMV\MZWN+IUX][

8ZWNM[[WZ[¼0W][M[WV;W]\P=VQ^MZ[Q\a

NZWU\PM2I[XMZ+ZWX[Ma8IQV\QVO;SM\KPWN\PM+IUX][

NZWUI[\]LMV\TM\\MZ_ZQ\\MVQV

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 12/108

 

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a*]QTLQVO 

5I[WV0ITTIVL;W]\P+WTTMOM

<PM[\]LMV\[XIQLI\MZUNWZ\PMQZZWWU

NWZ QVKQLMV\IT[ IVL \W NWZ ÅZM_WWL

_PQKP\PMaPIL\W[XTQ\QV\PM_WWLaIZLIVLKIZZa

\W\PMQZZWWU<PMaKWTTMK\ML_I\MZNZWUIX]UX

NWZ_I[PQVOIVLN]ZVQ[PML\PMQZW_VKIVLTM[<PM

JMLZWWU[ _MZM N]ZVQ[PML _Q\P I JML KPM[\ IVLKTW[M\<PM[\]LaZWWUKWV\IQVML[\]La\IJTM[\_W

KPIQZ[I[\W MIVLI_WWLKTW[M\8MKSPIUX

<PM;\]LMV\;KPML]TM"

"IU)_ISMVJa\PMKTIVOQVOJMTT

"IU+WUX]T[WZaKPIXMTQVNITTIVL[XZQVO 

"IUQV_QV\MZ

"IU.QZ[\ZMKQ\I\QWVKTI[[

*ZMISNI[\I\\PMQZXZQ^I\MJWIZLQVOPW][M[

?MMSTaJWIZLJQTT

;MKWVLKTI[[IN\MZJZMISNI[\ ,QVVMZ

;\]LaQVOQVTQJZIZaIN\MZLQVVMZ

)N\MZVWWVKTI[[

4I\MXU;MKWVLKPIXMT

;]XXMZIVLNZMMLWU]V\QT!"XU

6WWVMKW]TLTMI^MKIUX][IN\MZ!"XU

1V ;MX\MUJMZ WN \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a WXMVML Q\[

LWWZ[\WI KTI[[WN [M^MV[\]LMV\[<PMÅZ[\J]QTLQVO

WV\PMVM_)VV)ZJWZKIUX][SVW_VQVQ\QITTaI[\PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\a*]QTLQVO_I[KWUXTM\ MLQV\PM[]UUMZWN

<PMNW]Z[\WZa[\Z]K\]ZM_I[[\]KKWW^MZJZQKS

*]QTLMZ[IZM[IQL\WPI^MUQ`ML\PM[\]KKW_Q\P[SQU

UQTSQV\PMPWXM\PI\\PQ[_W]TLJMUWZML]ZIJTM

<PM[\]LMV\Y]IZ\MZ[ KWV[Q[\MLWN \PZMMZWWU[]Q\M[

WZ IXIZ\UMV\[ MIKP _Q\P \_W JMLZWWU[ IVL I

KWUUWV[\]LaZWWU_Q\PIÅZMXTIKM<PMJ]QTLQVO_I[ LQ QLML QV\W \_W [MK\QWV[ MIKP I KWUXTM\M

IVL[MXIZI\M ]VQ\KWV[Q[\QVO WN [Q`\MMVIXIZ\UMV\[

WXMVQVOWVIKMV\ZIT[\IQZ_Ia)\]\WZ_PWWKK]XQML

IVIXIZ\UMV\WV\PMÅZ[\ÆWWZXZM[QLMLW MZMIKPWN

\PM[MK\QWV[<PMÅZ[\IVL[MKWVLÆWWZIT[WQVKT]LML

IKPIXMTIVLIZMKQ\I\QWVZWWU<PMTQJZIZa_I[WV

\PM\PQZLÆWWZIVLIU][M]UWV\PMNW]Z\P

1V\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a*]QTLQVO_I[VIUML5I[WV

0ITTIN\MZ5QKPQOIV¼[ÅZ[\OW^MZVWZ;\M^MV5I[WV

;\M^MV<5I[WV

*aMVZWTTUMV\[PILOZW_V\W !IVL I VM_

J]QTLQVO_I[VMMLMLNWZILLQ\QWVITZMKQ\I\QWVZWWU[

[\]LMV\ PW][QVO IVL NWZ I KPMUQKIT IVL UMLQKIT

TIJWZI\WZa<PQ[[MKWVLJ]QTLQVO_I[LM[QOVML\WJM

QLMV\QKIT\W5I[WV0ITT1\_I[KWUXTM\MLQV!

IVLVIUML;W]\P+WTTMOM

5I[WV 0ITT IVL ;W]\P +WTTMOM _MZM LM[QOVML

WZQOQVITTaI[LWZUQ\WZQM[\W[]XXWZ\QV[\Z]K\QWVJa\PM

\]\WZQIT[a[\MU0W_M^MZ\PMUWZMQUUMLQI\MVMML

NWZKTI[[ZWWU[XIKMZML]KML\PMLWZUQ\WZaN]VK\QWV\W \PZMMY]IZ\MZ[ WN MIKP J]QTLQVO <PMZMUIQVQVO

[XIKM _I[LM^W\ML\W TMK\]ZMIVLZMKQ\I\QWVZWWU[

I KPIXMT I TQJZIZa [XIKM NWZ \PM UQVMZITWOQKIT

KWTTMK\QWVIVL\_WTQ\MZIZa[WKQM\QM[

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 13/108

 

0MVZa8PQTQX<IXXIV

<PM KWV[\Q\]\QWV IT[W ZMY]QZML \PM :MOMV\[ \W

IXXWQV\IXZM[QLMV\\WXZM[QLMW^MZQ\[UMM\QVO[IVL

TMIL\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

0MVZa 8PQTQX <IXXIV I _MTTSVW_V XZWNM[[WZ WN

XPQTW[WXPaNZWU6M_AWZS=VQ^MZ[Q\a_I[[MTMK\ML

I[8ZM[QLMV\0M_I[MIOMZ\WKZMI\M¹IV)UMZQKIV

=VQ^MZ[Q\aLM[MZ^QVOWN \PMVIUMº_PQKP_W]TLJM

IXIZ\WN IX]JTQK[KPWWT[a[\MU,]ZQVOPQ[\MV]ZM

OZIL]I\M [\]LQM[ _MZM JMO]V [KQMV\QÅK KW]Z[M[

_MZM ILLML\W \PM4Q\MZIZa,MXIZ\UMV\ \PM4I_

,MXIZ\UMV\ _I[ ILLML IVL MVZWTTUMV\ \ZQXTML;XIKM \W IKKWUUWLI\M \PQ[ ZIXQLTa OZW_QVO

QV[\Q\]\QWV _I[ WJ\IQVML Ja MTQUQVI\QVO LWZUQ\WZa

Y]IZ\MZ[ QV \PM KWTTMOM J]QTLQVO[ IVL KWV MZ\QVO

\PMU\WKTI[[ZWWU][M

¹8ZM[QLMV\ <IXXIV_I[ W^MZ [Q NMM\ \ITT [\WWL ^MZaMZMK\

_ITSML_Q\PIZI\PMZTWVO[\ZQLM[_QVOQVOPQ[KIVM_WZMI[WN\

PI\_Q\PNIQZTaJZWILJZQUIVL_I[QV^IZQIJTaIKKWUXIVQML

JaIaMTTW_Q[PL]VKWTWZMLLWOº,Z2WPV8;\WLLIZL

!  5QKPQOIV)T]UV][!!X

1V PQ[ QVI]O]ZIT ILLZM[[ QV ,MKMUJMZ WN

<IXXIV[\I\ML"

¹?M XZWXW[M \W M[\IJTQ[P I [KQMV\QÅK KW]Z[M XIZITTMT \W \PM

KTI[[QKITKW]Z[M1V\PQ[[KQMV\QÅKKW]Z[MIUWZMM`\MVLML[\]La

WN \PM5I\PMUI\QK[_QTTJM[]J[\Q\]\MLNWZ\PM/ZMMSIVL4I\QV<PMZM_QTT JMKWUXZQ[MLQV Q\JM[QLM[ W\PMZJZIVKPM[+Q^QT

 -VOQVMMZQVO)[\ZWVWUa_Q\P \PM][M WN IV7J[MZ^I\WZaIVL

\PMIXXTQKI\QWVW N +PMUQ[\ZaIVLW\PMZ;KQMVKM[\W)O ZQK]T\]ZM

IVL\PMQVL][\ZQITIZ\[OMVMZITTaº <IXXIVX

=VLMZ\PMWZOIVQKIK\ WN XZW^Q[QWV_I[UILM

QV \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\WN 4Q\MZI\]ZM;KQMVKMIVL \PM

)Z\[ NWZ I XZWNM[[WZ[PQX WN KQ QT MVOQVMMZQVO IVL

IZKPQ\MK\]ZM<PQ[XZWNM[[WZ[PQX_I[VW\ÅTTML]V\QT

<PMÅVIVKQITKWVLQ\QWVWN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a_I[

\PM UIQV ZMI[WV NWZ \PM LMTIa QV M[\IJTQ[PQVO \PM

XZWNM[[WZ[PQX

<IXXIV _I[ WVM WN \PM ÅZ[\ )UMZQKIV ML]KI\WZ[

\W ZMKWOVQbM \PM^IT]MWN \MKPVWTWOQKIT[\]LQM[ 1\

_I[]VLMZPQ[TMILMZ[PQX\PI\MVOQVMMZQVOML]KI\QWV

JMOIVI\\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIV

<PM ÅZ[\ ¹[KQMV\QÅK KW]Z[Mº _I[ LM[KZQJML QV \PM

KI\ITWO WN _PQTM \PM ÅZ[\ MVOQVMMZQVO

K]ZZQK]T]UIXXMIZ[QV\PM KI\ITWOWN <PM

[\]LQM[X]Z[]MLNWZ\PMÅZ[\\_WaMIZ[WN\PMNW]ZaMIZ

MVOQVMMZQVOK]ZZQK]T]U_MZMQLMV\QKIT_Q\P\PW[MWN

\PMKWZZM[XWVLQVOKW]Z[MNWZ\PMLMOZMMWN *IKPMTWZ

WN ;KQMVKM

.ZWU\WINIK]T\aKWUUQ\\MMOW^MZVML

\PM =VQ MZ[Q\a <PM VM_ [\I\M KWV[\Q\]\QWV WN

M[\IJTQ[PML \_W QUXWZ\IV\ KPIVOM[ .QZ[\

_I[\PMXWX]TIZMTMK\QWVWN \PM*WIZLWN :MOMV\[

WVMNZWUMIKPWN \PMR]LQKQIT LQ[\ZQK\[ _PQKP \PMV

V]UJMZML MQOP\ <PM *WIZL _I[ [MXIZI\ML NZWU\PM []XMZQV\MVLMV\ WN X]JTQK QV[\Z]K\QWV IVL \PM

TMOQ[TI\]ZM

<PMVM_[\I\MKWV[\Q\]\QWVIT[WXZW^QLML\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

_Q\PI]\WVWUaJaLMÅVQVO\PM*WIZLWN :MOMV\[I[I

KWWZLQVI\M JZIVKP WN [\I\M OW MZVUMV\ I[ ÅZUTa

NW]VLML I[ \PM TMOQ[TI\]ZM \PM OW^MZVWZ WZ \PM

 R]LQKQIZa IVLMY]IT QVQ\[ XW_MZW^MZQ\[ LM[QOVI\ML

ÅMTLWN [\I\MMVLMI^WZ

8ZM[QLMV\<IXXIVIVLPQ[LWO4MW

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 14/108

!

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIV

Ja2I[XMZ+ZWX[Ma

.WZUIVaaMIZ[\PMKIUX][ZMUIQVMLQV\PQ[XI[\WZIT[M\\QVO?PMI\_I[OZW_VWV\PM

]VWKK]XQMLTIVLIVL\PMXZWNM[[WZ[¼NIUQTQM[OI\PMZMLXMIKPM[NZWU\PMWTLWZKPIZL

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 15/108

)TM`IVLMZ?QVKPMTT

;W]\P+WTTMOM

<PM ÅZ[\ MVOQVMMZQVO KTI[[M[ _MZM PMTL QV [M MZIT

ZWWU[QV;W]\P+WTTMOM?QTTQIU/]a8MKS 

LZI_QVOJa2IUM[?)JMZ\

)TM`IVLMZ?QVKPMTT_I[[]KKMMLMLJa?QTTQIU/]a

8MKS *ZM M\VL 4\ WN <WXWOZIXPQKIT -VOQVMMZ[

=;5))N\MZOZIL]I\QVONZWU\PM=VQ\ML;\I\M[

5QTQ\IZa)KILMUaQVI\ \PMPMILWN PQ[ KTI[[

?QTTQIU8MKS_I[I[[QOVML\W\PM\WXWOZIXPQKITMV

OQVMMZ[0MUIXXML\PM<MZZQ\WZaWN 6M_5M`QKW

QV\PMNITTWN _Q\P2IUM[)JMZ\8MKS_I[I[

[Q[\IV\XZWNM[[WZWN VI\]ZITXPQTW[WXPaI\?M[\8WQV\

QVIVLWN UI\PMUI\QK[NZWU_PMVPMZM[QOVML NZWU\PM IZUa 0M_I[ XZWNM[[WZ WN

XPa[QK[IVL KQ QTMVOQVMMZQVO QV\PM =VQ MZ[Q\a WN

5QKPQOIV NZWU 1V PM JMKIUM

ILR]VK\XZWNM[[WZWN UI\PMUI\QK[I\ +WT]UJQIIVL

NZWUPMTL\PMKPIQZ WN UI\PMUI\QK[UMKPIVQK[

IVLI[\ZWVWUa

)TM IVLMZ ?QVKPMTT _I[ \PM ÅZ[\ NIK]T\a UMUJMZ

\W \MIKP IV MVOQVMMZQVO KW]Z[M I\ 5QKPQOIV

?QVKPMTT _I[ IXXWQV\ML XZWNM[[WZ WN XPa[QK[ IVL

KQ^QTMVOQVMMZQVOJa\PM:MOMV\[QV]XWV\PM

ZMKWUUMVLI\QWV WN I NIK]T\a UMUJMZ -ZI[\][ 7

0I^MV0W_M^MZ_PMV?QVKPMTTIZZQ^MLQV2IV]IZa

\W JMOQV \MIKPQVO Q\ [WWV JMKIUM IXXIZMV\

\PI\PM_I[IUQ[Å\0Q[W_V\ZIQVQVOPILVW\JMMV

QV MVOQVMMZQVO IVL PQ[ ÅZ[\ ¹MVOQVMMZQVO KW]Z[MºI\5QKPQOIV_I[QV ZMITQ\a [QUXTaIV QV\ZWL]K\QWV

\W -VOTQ[P KWUXW[Q\QWV NWZ MVOQVMMZQVO [\]LMV\[

8ZWNM[[WZ[ I\ \PQ[\QUM NZMY]MV\Ta LM[QOVI\ML \PMQZ

KW]Z[M[ Ja IV IJJZM QI\QWV WN \PM VIUM WN \PM

\M`\][ML;QVKM?QVKPMTT][MLI\M`\JWWS¹)QL[\W

-VOTQ[P+WUXW[Q\QWVºJa8IZSMZPQ[ÅZ[\KW]Z[M_I[

MV\Q\TML¹8IZSMZ¼[)QL[º

)T\PW]OP ?QVKPMTT IT[W \I]OP\ [M MZIT KTI[[M[ WV

[]Z^MaQVOPMPIL_ZQ\\MVQVPQ[LQIZaWV,MKMUJMZ

¹)[\W KQ^QT MVOQVMMZQVO1 [PITT PI M TQ\\TM

\W LW _Q\P Q\ I\ XZM[MV\ I[ \PM [\]La PI[ VW\ aM\

JMMV QVQ\QI\MLº ?QVKPMTT _I[ [WWV QV WT ML QV

LQ[X]\M[ JW\P _Q\P \PM KPIQZWN 6I\]ZIT ;KQMVKM[

;QTI[ ,W]OTI[IVL _Q\P8ZM[QLMV\<IXXIV )N\MZ

IaMIZ<IXXIV KWVKT]LML\PI\0I^MVPIL TMLPQU

I[\ZIaIVL\PI\?QVKPMTT_I[VW\Y]ITQÅML\W\MIKPKQ^QT MVOQVMMZQVO )T\PW]OP[M^MZITWN \PM:MOMV\[

_IV\ML\W ÅZM PQU<IXXIV NW]VL PQUI XW[Q\QWV

QV VI\]ZIT PQ[\WZa bWWTWOa OMWTWOa IVL JW\IVa

?QVKPMTT KWV\QV]ML\W JM PW[\QTM\W_IZL[<IXXIV

IVLPM M^MV\]ITTaXTIaML I ZWTM QVKWV[XQZQVO_Q\P

0I MV IVL \PM :MOMV\[ \W ]VLMZUQVM <IXXIV¼[

XZM[QLMVKa

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 16/108

<PM ,M\ZWQ\ 7J[MZ I\WZa _I[ UILM XW[[QJTM Ja

\PM OMVMZW[Q\a WN [M MZIT KQ\QbMV[ WN ,M\ZWQ\ _PW

ZM[XWVLML \W <IXXIV¼[ ZMY]M[\ NWZ N]VL[ <PM

7J[MZ^I\WZa_I[TWKI\MLWVNW]Z IKZM[WN PQOP TIVL

W]\[QLM \PM KQ\a TQUQ\[ IVL W^MZTWWSQVO \PM 0]ZWV

:Q^MZ1\_I[N]ZVQ[PML_Q\PM`KMTTMV\QV[\Z]UMV\[

IUWVO \PMU IV I[\ZWVWUQKIT KTWKS IVL UMZQLQIV

KQZKTMX]ZKPI[MLJa<IXXIVQVQV/MZUIVa

8ZM[QLMV\ <IXXIV JZW]OP\ .ZIVb .ZQMLZQKP -ZV[\

*Z]ĆVVW_ NZWU \PM :WaIT 7J[MZ I\WZa QV *MZTQV\W \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a \W [MZ M I[ \PM ÅZ[\ LQZMK\WZ WN

\PM 7J[MZ I\WZa *ZVVW_ UIZZQML \PM <IXXIV¼[

LI]OP\MZ:MJMKKI¹*IZJQMºQV

<PM,M\ZWQ\7J[MZ^I\WZa +PMUQKIT4IJWZI\WZa

.ZIVb.ZQMLZQKP-ZV[\*Z]Ć VVW_

51+01/)6¼;-):4A-..7:<;16;+1-6+--,=+)<176

0MVZa<IXXIV _I[ Y]Q\MIV ]V][]IT TMILMZ NWZ I

!\PKMV\]Za]VQ^MZ[Q\a=VTQSMUW[\]VQ^MZ[Q\aXZM[Q

LMV\[WN \PQ[XMZQWL<IXXIV_I[IJZWILTaML]KI\ML

XPQTW[WXPMZQVILLQ\QWV\WPQ[ZMTQOQW][\ZIQVQVO0M

KWVKMQ^MLWN \PM]VQ^MZ[Q\aI[IKIX[\WVMWN KQ^QTQbI\QWVIZMXW[Q\WZaNWZ\PM IKK]U]TI\MLSVW_TMLOMWN

UIVSQVLIVL\PMPWUMWN [KPWTIZ[LMLQKI\ML\W\PM

M`XIV[QWV WN P]UIV ]VLMZ[\IVLQVO )UWVO PQ[

UIVaIKKWUXTQ[PUMV\[I[=VQ^MZ[Q\aXZM[QLMV\_I[

\PM M[\IJTQ[PUMV\ WN \PM \ZILQ\QWV WN MUXPI[Q[WV

ZM[MIZKPOZIL]I\MML]KI\QWV[\]LMV\I]\WVWUaIVL

NZMMLWUIVLIK\Q^MNIK]T\aOW^MZVIVKM

7VMWN PQ[UW[\QUXWZ\IV\XZWRMK\[_I[\PM,M\ZWQ\

7J[MZ I\WZaKWUXTM\MLQV_PQKP_I[WVMWN

\PMÅZ[\UIRWZ[KQMV\QÅKZM[MIZKPNIKQTQ\QM[QV)UMZQKI

;WUM [KPWTIZ[XWQV\\W \PQ[XZWRMK\ I[UIZSQVO\PM

JQZ\PWN \PMZM[MIZKP]VQ^MZ[Q\aQV)UMZQKI

¹<PMKPMUQKITTIJWZI\WZa_I[I[UITTWVM[\WZaJ]QTLQVO_Q\P

\IJTM[NWZIJW]\\PQZ\a[\]LMV\[I\WVM\QUM<PMZM_I[VW_I\MZ

WV\PMKIUX][M`KMX\_MTT[IVLVW[M_MZIOM6WOI[1V\PM

KPMUQKITTIJWZI\WZa_M][MLITKWPWTTIUX[QV[\MILWN*]V[MV

J]ZVMZ[NWZM^IXWZI\QVOX]ZXW[M[IVL_WZSMLWVTaJaLIaTQOP\º 

?.*ZMISMZ!U  5QKPQOIV)T]UV][!

=VLMZ <IXXIV \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a KWV\QV]ML Q\[

Q V M[ \UMV\[ QV \PM [ KQMVKM[ )T\PW]OP W\PMZ

]VQ^MZ[Q\QM[PILILIX\MLM`Q[\QVOJ]QTLQVO[\WXZW^QLM

QV[\Z]K\QWV QV KPMUQ[\Za 5QKPQOIV_MV\ N]Z\PMZ\W

J]QTL IUIRWZ+PMUQ[\Za 4IJWZI\WZa\PM ÅZ[\[]KP[\Z]K\]ZM QV )UMZQKI LM[QOVML KWV[\Z]K\ML IVL

MY]QXXMLNWZQV[\Z]K\QWVIVLZM[MIZKPQVKPMUQ[\Za

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 17/108

,M>WT[WV?WWLQ[KWV[QLMZML\WJM\PM\Z]MNW]VLMZ

WN \PMMVOQVMMZQVOK]ZZQK]T]UI\5QKPQOIV0M_I[

JWZVQV WV I NIZUVMIZ ;UaZVI6M_ AWZS

IVL_I[I \MIKPMZNZWU\PMIOM WN [M MV\MMV]V\QT

PQ[LMI\PI\[Q`\aÅ^M0M\I]OP\_PQTMPMI\\MVLML

)TJIVa6WZUIT ;KPWWTIVL :MV[[MTIMZ8WTa\MKPVQK

1V[\Q\]\M ]VLMZOWQVO OZMI\ PIZL[PQX QV WZLMZ \W[MK]ZMIVML]KI\QWV

1V PM [M\ W]\ NWZ +PQKIOW _PMZM PM PIL

PMIZL\PMZM_I[I\MIKPQVO^IKIVKaQVMVOQVMMZQVO

0W_M^MZ_PMVPMZIV[PWZ\WN UWVMaQV,M\ZWQ\PM

TMN\PQ[JIOOIOMIVL_ITSMLWV\W)VV)ZJWZ0M

\PW]OP\\PI\QN PMPILWVTa\MVKMV\[PM_W]TL_ZQ\M

PQ[UW\PMZ\W\MTTPMZPM_I[ITTZQOP\1V_ITSQVO]X

\PM[\MX[\WWVM WN \PMKIUX][J]QTLQVO[PMNW]VL I

LQUM5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaVW\M[X

?WWL QV\ZWL]KML PQU[MTN \W 8ZM[QLMV\ <IXXIV

;QVKM8ZWNM[[WZ/]a8MKS_I[WV TMI M?WWL_I[

I[SML\W[]J[\Q\]\MNWZINM_LIa[0MZMV\MLIZWWU

QVI JWIZLQVO PW][M XZWUQ[QVO \WXIaI[ [WWV I[

PM_I[XIQL;QVKM8MKSLQLVW\ZM\]ZV?WWL_I[

IXXWQV\ML I[[Q[\IV\ XZWNM[[WZ WN KQ^QT MVOQVMMZQVO

<P][\PMÅZ[\XZWNM[[WZ\PWZW]OPTa\ZIQVMLVW\WVTa

QVMVOQVMMZQVOJ]\IT[WQV\PM\MIKPQVOWN MVOQVMMZQVO

JMKIUMIUMUJMZWN\PMNIK]T\a

?WWL XZWXW[ML LM[QOVML IVL M[[MV\QITTa \I]OP\[QVOTMPIVLMLTa I NW]ZaMIZ K]ZZQK]T]U QV KQ^QT

MVOQVMMZQVO WNNMZML \PZW]OP I LMXIZ\UMV\ WN

MVOQVMMZQVO\PI\_I[M[\IJTQ[PMLQV_Q\PQV\PM

4Q\MZIZa,MXIZ\UMV\

1V.ZIVS43ZI][MIVL?QTTQIU5QV\WMIZVML

\PMÅZ[\LMOZMM[QVKQ^QTMVOQVMMZQVOKWVNMZZMLJa\PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\a

,M>WT[WV?WWL

5QTQ\IZaMVOQVMMZQVOIVL\IK\QK[_MZMQVKT]LMLQV\PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\aK]ZZQK]T]UQV0W_M^MZJMKI][MWN

\PM+Q^QT ?IZ VWXZWNM[[WZ _I[ I^IQTIJTM [W?WWL

IT[WTMK\]ZMLWV\PM[M[]JRMK\[

?WWLNMT\ \PI\\PM TMK\]ZM[a[\MU_I[ I KWUXIZI

\Q^MTa[TW_WVMIVL[PW]TLJMZM[WZ\ML\WWVTa_PMV[I\Q[NIK\WZa\M`\JWWS[_MZMVW\I^IQTIJTM

*WWS[ WV MVOQVMMZQVO _MZM PW][ML QV \PM=VQ^MZ

[Q\a4QJZIZaIVL[\]LMV\[LQLUW[\WN \PMQZZMILQVO

\PMZM<PMMVOQVMMZQVOJWWS[_MZMVW\KWTTMK\MLQV

I[MXIZI\MTQJZIZa]V\QT\PMKWUXTM\QWVWN \PM 6M_

-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVOQV!

4I_*]QTLQVOTMN\5I[WV0ITTKMV\MZ;W]\P+WTTMOMZQOP\

1V\PMTQJZIZa_I[TWKI\MLQV\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a*]QTLQVO5I[WV0ITT

<PMTQJZIZaUW^ML\W\PM4I_*]QTLQVOQV

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 18/108

<PM MIZTa MVOQVMMZQVO KW]Z[M[ _MZM TIQL WV I

NW]VLI\QWVWN QV[\Z]K\QWVQV [KQMVKMIVLP]UIVQ\QM[

QV \PM 4Q\MZIZa +WTTMOM 1V[\Z]K\QWV QV []Z MaQVO

JMOIVQV \PM[WXPWUWZM aMIZ ÅZ[\_Q\P KTI[[ZWWU

M`MZKQ[M[JI[ML WV \PMXZQUIZa\M`\[ WN \PI\\QUM)N\MZ \_W UWV\P[ WN KTI[[ZWWU M`MZKQ[M[[\]LMV\[

_MZM \PMV QV\ZWL]KML \W \PM XZIK\QKIT I[XMK\[ WN

[]Z^MaQVO\PZW]OPÅMTLM`MZKQ[M[0MZM\PMOWIT_I[

VW\\WUISM[\]LMV\[M`XMZ\[]Z^MaWZ[J]\ZI\PMZ\W

\MIKP\PMU\PMXZQVKQXTM[QV^WT^MLQV[]Z^MaQVO

-IKP [\]LMV\_I[ ZMY]QZML \WLW M^MZaXIZ\WN \PM

_WZSNWZPQU[MTN0M][ML\PMI`MKPIQV[KIZZQML

\PMÆIO][ML\PMKWUXI[[\PM\ZIV[Q\IVL\PM\PM

WLWTQ\MIVLKWUX]\MLPQ[_WZSNZWUPQ[ÅMTLVW\M[

IVLUILMIXTI\MWNQ\6MI\VM[[IVLIKK]ZIKaQV\PM

ZMXWZ\[_MZMZMY]QZML

)N\MZ4IVL;]Z^MaQVO\PMKTI[[\WWS]XOMWUM\ZQKIT

LZI_QVO\QV\QVOIVL[PILQVO<PM[\]LMV\[_WZSML

\_WPW]Z[ILIaWV\PQ[[]JRMK\QV\PMLZI_QVOZWWU

]VLMZ\PM[]XMZ^Q[QWVWN IV QV[\Z]K\WZ 6WWVM_I[

ITTW_ML\W XI[[_PW KW]TL VW\KWV[\Z]K\ PQ[\PM[Q[

KWZZMK\TaIVL\QV\IVL[PILMQ\VMI\Ta

<PM[M[\]LQM[_MZMINWZMZ]VVMZWN \PM,MXIZ\UMV\

WN -VOQVMMZQVO:M[MIZKPM[\IJTQ[PML[WUM aMIZ[

TI\MZ QV ! \W KWVL]K\ ZM[MIZKP WV MVOQVMMZQVO

\WXQK[WN QV\MZM[\\W\PM[\I\MIVLQ\[QVL][\Za

1V?WWL OI MI KW]Z[MWN TMK\]ZM[\WWVM

[\]LMV\QVUQVQVOMVOQVMMZQVO#\PQ[KW]Z[MXMZ\IQVML\W\PMMVOQVMMZQVOWXMZI\QWV[VMKM[[IZaQV \PMXZW

KM[[WN UQVQVO

,M>WT[WV?WWLZM[QOVMLQV \WOW\W \PM;\M

 ^MV[1V[\Q\]\M WN <MKPVWTWOa_PMZM PM\I]OP\ ]V\QT

PQ[LMI\PQV!=XWVPQ[LMXIZ\]ZMMVOQVMMZQVO

QV[\Z]K\QWV _I[ O]QLML Ja \PZMM VM_Ta IXXWQV\ML

NIK]T\a

;]Z^MaQVO+TI[[

;]JRMK\[KW^MZMLQV\PMR]VQWZIVL[MVQWZKTI[[M[QV

KT]LMLXZQVKQXTM[WN [\MIUMVOQVM[WN ^IZQW][SQVL[

XZQVKQXTM[ WN LM[QOVQVOUIKPQVMZaXI\\MZVUISQVO

UW]TLQVOIVL[PWX_WZS8IZ\WN \PMTMK\]ZMKW]Z[M

KWV[Q[\MLWN M`MZKQ[M[QV UIKPQVM LZI_QVO ?WWL

I[[QOVMLIXZWJTMU]VNIUQTQIZ\W\PM[\]LMV\[I[SML

\PMU\W[WT MQ\IVL\WUISMI_WZSQVOLZI_QVO\WZMXZM[MV\\PMQZQLMIIKKWUXIVQMLJaI[XMKQÅKI\QWV

IVLZMXWZ\

<PM[MVQWZKW]Z[MQVKQ^QTMVOQVMMZQVOJMOIV_Q\P\PM

\PMWZaIVLXZIK\QKMWN\PMKWV[\Z]K\QWVWN ZWIL[IVL

ZIQTZWIL[1\QVKT]LMLTMK\]ZM[WV\PMKWV[\Z]K\QWVWN

MVOQVMMZQVO QV[\Z]UMV\[ KWV[\Z]K\QWV MY]QXUMV\

Z WILIVL Z IQ T ZWILLM [ QOV IVLKWV[ \Z ]K\QWV

UIVIOMUMV\

<PM:MOMV\[IXXZW^MLI[\]LaTMILQVO\WIV[_MZ[\W\PMNWTTW_QVOY]M[\QWV["

)\_PI\[MI[WVWN \PMaMIZKIVW]ZMIZ\PMVZWIL[JM

_WZSMLUW[\IL^IV\IOMW][Ta'

7]OP\\PM[IUMLMOZMMWN LZaVM[[WN \PMMIZ\PJM

ZMY]QZML\W_WZS\PMZWIL[I[\PMNIZUMZLM[QZM[\W

UISMPQ[ÅMTL[UMTTW_IVLXQTW]ZMV\'

?PMVIZMKW MZMLWZ\QTMLLZIQV[XZMNMZIJTM\WWXMV

LZIQV['

?W]TLWVM\QTMLLZIQV ITWVO\PMI`Q[WZKMV\MZWN I

ZWILM MZJMXZMNMZIJTM\W\_WXIZITTMTWVM[WV\PM

W]\[QLM'?PMV KIV \PM [KZIXMZ JM ][ML MKWVWUQKITTa QV

OZILQVO I ZWIL' ?PMV \PM _PMMTJIZZW_' ?PMV

\PMKIZ\'

1VOZILQVOIPQTTQ[Q\UWZMMKWVWUQKIT\WK]\I\WVKM

\W\PMLMX\PZMY]QZMLIVL\WÅTTI\WVKM\W\PMPMQOP\[

WZ\WLW[WJaXIZ\QITK]\\QVO[IVLÅTTQVO['5WZ\QUMZ

+WWTMaVW\M[X;]Z^MaQVO+TI[[WN

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 19/108

?PMV0MVZa<IXXIVIKKMX\ML\PM8ZM[QLMVKaWN \PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIVQV)]O][\WN PM[I_\PM

XW[[QJQTQ\QM[NWZJ]QTLQVOIOZMI\ML]KI\QWVIT[a[\MU,Z

<IXXIV¼[QLMI[IVLQVÆ]MVKM\ZIV[NWZUML5QKPQOIV

NZWUIUMZMKWTTMOM\MIKPQVOWVTa\PM[\]LQM[WN \PM

M[\IJTQ[PMLKWTTMOMK]ZZQK]T]UWN PQ[LIaQV\WI\Z]M

]VQ MZ[Q\a 0M[M\ W]\\W TIa\PMNW]VLI\QWVWN IVQV[\Q\]\QWVWN TMIZVQVO_PQKP_W]TLKW^MZ\PM_QLM[\

ZIVOM WN SVW_TMLOM _Q\P XW[\OZIL]I\M KW]Z[M[

TIJWZI\WZQM[NWZ[KQMV\QÅKQV^M[\QOI\QWVIVLTQJZIZQM[

AM\JW\P PQ[^Q[QWV IVL PQ[XMZ[WVITQ\a [\QU]TI\ML

KWV[QLMZIJTMWXXW[Q\QWV 4MLJa \PMMLQ\WZWN \PM

,M\ZWQ\.ZMM8ZM[[\PM[\I\M¼[VM_[XIXMZ[_MZM[\ZWVOTa

WXXW[ML\WPQ[OWITWNJ]QTLQVOI\Z]M¹]VQ^MZ[Q\aºQV

\PM-]ZWXMIV[MV[MJ]\QV[\MILJMTQM^ML\PI\I¹PQOP

[KPWWTº_I[\PMWVTaOWITLM[MZ^QVOWN[\I\M[]XXWZ\

?Q\PQV I NM_ UWV\P[ IN\MZ IZZQ QVO WV KIUX][

)TM IVLMZ ?QVKPMTT LM MTWXML I [\ZWVO LQ[TQSM NWZ

<IXXIV JW\PJMKI][MWN PQ[XMZ[WVIT I[[QOVUMV\[

\W^IZQW][IKILMUQKXZWOZIU[\PI\PMLM\M[\MLKQ^QT

MVOQVMMZQVOIVLUI\PMUI\QK[I[_MTTI[\W<IXXIV¼[ZMN][IT\WKW]V\MZ[QOVIVWZLMZNWZIUQKZW[KWXMPM

_IV\ML ?WZSQVO KTW[MTa _Q\P PQ[ NZQMVL -ZI[\][

0I MV ?QVKPMTT [MV\ I XZQ I\M KWUU]VQKI\QWV

\W \PM :MOMV\[ KTIQUQVO \PI\<IXXIV PIL I[[IQTML

PQ[XZWNM[[QWVITKPIZIK\MZ 0M\PMVJMOIV\W _ZQ\M

TM\\MZ[]VLMZ\PMIVWVaUW][VIUMWN ¹;KPWTI[\QK][º

\W \PM ,M\ZWQ\ VM_[XIXMZ[ KZQ\QKQbQVO <IXXIV IVL

PQ[QLMI[ 0M IT[W MVKW]ZIOML I ZM[WT]\QWV I\ \PM

[\I\M 5M\PWLQ[\ KWV MV\QWV Y]M[\QWVQVO \PM UWZIT

KWVLQ\QWV[ I\ \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a 1\ _I[ KTMIZ \PI\

Ja <IXXIV PIL UILM I XZWNW]VL MVMUa

QV ?QVKPMTT IVL \PI\ ?QVKPMTT PIL I [\ZWVO ITTaQV -ZI[\][ 0I MV *W\P UMV JMTQM ML <IXXIV

U][\ OW IVL 0I MV _I[ \WaQVO _Q\P \PM QLMI WN

[WUMLIaZMXTIKQVOPQU I[QVLQKI\MLQV PQ[TM\\MZ[

?PMV\PMVM_*WIZLWN :MOMV\[_I[MTMK\MLJW\P

UMV JMOIV \W _WZS _Q\P I ,M\ZWQ\ :MOMV\ 4M Q

*Q[PWX_PWIT[W[\IZ\ML\W_ZQ\MPW[\QTMIVWVaUW][

TM\\MZ[ KWVKMZVQVO <IXXIV \W \PM ,M\ZWQ\ XIXMZ[

5W[\WN \PMW\PMZ:MOMV\[_MZMVW\QVQ\QITTaWXXW[ML

\W <IXXIV J]\*Q[PWX[WWV NW]VL I _Ia\W LZQ M

I _MLOM JM\_MMV \PMU Ja JMQVO IXXWQV\ML KPIQZWN IKWUUQ\\MM \WZMXWZ\WVZ]TM[IVL ZMO]TI\QWV[

0Q[ ZMXWZ\ ZMKWUUMVLML I KWUUQ\\MM [\Z]K\]ZM

\PI\_W]TLI[[]UMUW[\ WN \PMM`MK]\Q^M N]VK\QWV[

WN \PM 8ZM[QLMV\ IVL \PM NIK]T\a <IXXIV NW]OP\

IOIQV[\\PQ[VW\QVO\PI\VW\WVTa_I[\PQ[KWUUQ\\MM

]VKWV[\Q\]\QWVIT J]\ \PI\ \PM ¹XZM[QLMV\ IVL \PM

NIK]T\a IZM VW\ UMZM »MUXTWaMM[¼ J]\ IZM QV NIK\

<PM]VQ^MZ[Q\aº*Q[PWXTI]VKPMLIKW]V\MZI\\IKS

_Q\P^QKQW][LQI\ZQJM[ IOIQV[\ <IXXIV¼[¹J]VLTM WN

VWV[MV[Mº?QVKPMTTKWV\QV]ML\WQVOZI\QI\MPQU[MTN

_Q\P \PM :MOMV\[ IVL TWJJQML IOIQV[\ <IXXIV

)[\PM :MOMV\[IXXZWIKPML\PM MVLWN \PMQZ\MV]ZM

\PMaY]QM\TaUW^ML\WZMXTIKM<IXXIV0I^MV_ZW\M

\W\MTT )TM IVLMZ ?QVKPMTT\PI\ PMPIL JMMVI[SML

_PM\PMZPM _W]TL IKKMX\ \PMXZM[QLMVKaQN Q\_MZM

WXMVIVLPMZMXTQML\PI\PM_W]TLXZWJIJTaIKKMX\IVWNNMZ 0MTM\PQ[5QKPQOIVNZQMVL[SVW_\PI\PM

_I[¹XZWNW]VLTaQV\MZM[\MLQVML]KI\QWVITUI\\MZ[º

7V2]VM\PM:MOMV\[XI[[MLIUW\QWV\W

ZMUW M <IXXIV JW\P I[ XZM[QLMV\ IVL I[ 8ZWNM[

[WZWN 8PQTW[WXPa <PMa\PMV]VIVQUW][TaMTMK\ML

-ZI[\][ 0I MV I[ XZM[QLMV\ <IXXIV _I[ WNNMZML

\PMWXXWZ\]VQ\a\WZM[QOV\PMUWZVQVOWN\PMUW\QWV

J]\ZMN][ML<PM[IUMLIa0I^MV_ZW\MITM\\MZ\W

?QVKPMTT KWV MaQVO PQ[ ¹[]ZXZQ[Mº IVL XTMI[]ZM I\

\PMIK\QWVWN \PMJWIZLIVLI[SQVONWZ?QVKPMTT¼[I[

[Q[\IVKMQVXZMXIZQVONWZ\PMNITT?QVKPMTT_ZW\M\PI\¹Ua_WZ[\MVMUa PI[JMMVLQ[XTIKML IVLUa JM[\

NZQMVLX]\QVPQ[[\MILº

AMIZ[TI\MZ8ZM[QLMV\2IUM[)VOMTT_I[\WPI^M\PM

TI[\_WZLWV\PM[WZLQLQVKQLMV\"

¹<IXXIV_I[\PMTIZOM[\ÅO]ZMWN IUIV\PI\M^MZIXXMIZMLWV

\PM5QKPQOIV+IUX][IVLPM_I[[\]VO\WLMI\PJaOVI\[º 

 =5-VKaKTWXMLQK;]Z^MaXX!

8I]T4QVOMVNMT\MZ<PM.QZQVOWN 0MVZa8PQTQX<IX

XIV

0MVZa8PQTQX<IXXIV

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 20/108

 

-ZI[\][ 7\Q[ 0I MV [MZ ML I[ XZM[QLMV\ NZWU

\W! 0I MV ZM\]ZVML\W I KIUX][ IVL

KWUU]VQ\a \PI\ _I[ ]X[M\ W MZ \PM :MOMV\[¼

ZMUW ITWN 8ZM[QLMV\ <IXXIV ;QVKM PMPIL JMMV

I XZWNM[[WZ NZWU PMPIL UIVa NZQMVL[

QV)VV)ZJWZIVLPM_I[IJTM\W_QV\PMQZ[]XXWZ\

8ZM[QLMV\ 0I MVLM^W\ML PQU[MTN \WKIZQVONWZ \PM

UI\MZQIT INNIQZ[ WN \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a ZI\PMZ \PIV \PM

XZWJTMU[WN N]\]ZMLM^MTWXUMV\ ?Q\P\PMQVKZMI[QVO

V]UJMZ WN [\]LMV\[ KWUQVO \W \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a

Q\ JMKIUM M[[MV\QIT \W QVKZMI[M \PM NIKQTQ\QM[

-ZI[\][7\Q[0I^MV

7V)XZQTQVITM\\MZ\W)TM`IVLMZ?QVKPMTT

0I MV M`XZM[[ML PQ[ LQ[KWV\MV\ _Q\P PQ[ XW[Q\QWV"

¹1 [\IZ\ML _Q\P IV ]VNIQZ [MV\QUMV\ IOIQV[\ UM IVL KIV

VM MZ[MK]ZM QUXIZ\QITQ\a ?Pa[PW]TL 1 _WZS ITTUa TQNM\W[][\IQVIKI][MI\ILMILTQN\'6W\PQVO_PI\M^MZ_W]TL

WZ [PW]TL QVL]KM UM \W ZMUIQV PMZM J]\ I JMTQMN \PI\ 1

KIV LW UWZM NWZ \Z]\P IVL OWWL PMZM \PIV IVa_PMZM MT[M

 )UIV _PW Q[ JZMI[\ML LQNÅK]T\QM[ IVL _MIZQVO W]\ PQ[ TQNM

_IV\[\WSVW_\PI\PMQ[_WZSQVOQVIOWWLKI][MIVLNWZ_PI\

_QTTJMIXMZUIVMV\OWWLIVL\PI\IN\MZPMQ[OWVM\PMZM_QTTVW\

JMXMZ[M^MZQVOMNNWZ\\WKWVKMITIVLXMZ^MZ\_PI\PMPI[LWVMº 

 =5-VKaKTWXMLQK;]Z^MaX

0I^MVZM[QOVMLQV!IVLIKKMX\ML\PMXZM[QLMVKa

WN 6WZ\P_M[\MZV=VQ^MZ[Q\aZMUIQVQVO\PMZMNWZ\PZMM aMIZ[.ZWU\WPM[MZ^MLI[+PIVKMTTWZWN

;aZIK][M=VQ MZ[Q\a 1VPM JMKIUMI *Q[PWX

QV\PM5M\PWLQ[\KP]ZKPIVL_MV\\W;IV.ZIVKQ[KW

0MVZa;QUUWV[.ZQMbM[MZ^MLI[8ZM[QLMV\ XZ W

\MUXWZMWN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aNZWU!\W

.ZQMbM _I[XMZ[]ILML \W KWUM\W 5QKPQOIV JaPQ[

NZQMVL8ZWNM[[WZ*WQ[M_PWPILZM[QOVML\PMKPIQZ

WN /ZMMSQV *ZW_V =VQ MZ[Q\a\W IKKMX\ I [QUQTIZ

XW[Q\QWV QV \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a WN 5QKPQOIV QV

.ZQMbMIKKMX\ML \PM KPIQZWN 4I\QV4IVO]IOM IVL

4Q\MZI\]ZMQVIVLPMTLQ\]V\QTPQ[LMI\PQV!

,]ZQVO PQ[ [PWZ\ ILUQVQ[\ZI\QWV \_W NIZZMIKPQVO

IK\QWV[QV)UMZQKIVML]KI\QWV_MZM\ISMV"\PMÅVIT

M[\IJTQ[PUMV\ WN WZOIVQK ZMTI\QWV[ _Q\P \PM PQOP

[KPWWT[WN \PM;\I\MIVL \PMILUQ[[QWVWN _WUMV

0MVZa.ZQMbM¼[OWWLNZQMVL2IUM[)VOMTT[IQLWN PQU"

¹?MW_M \WPQU \PMQV\ZWL]K\QWV WN \PM [WKITTMLLQXTWUI

ZMTI\QWV WN \PM [KPWWT[ \W \PM ]VQ MZ[Q\a IVL \PM XZW Q[QWV

  NWZ U][QKIT [\]La 0M IK\Q^MTa MVKW]ZIOML \PM LM^MTWXUMV\

WN OZIL]I\M_WZS 0M_I[M^MZ [MMSQVO\W MTM^I\M\PM ZIVOM

IVL\W MVZQKP \PMKPIZIK\MZWN ]VQ^MZ[Q\a\MIKPQVO 6WUIVM`KMX\ 8ZM[QLMV\ <IXXIV PI[LWVM [W U]KP \W OQ M \W \PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\aQ\[XZM[MV\NWZUIVL[XQZQ\6WWVM_I[M^MZUWZM

LM^W\ML\W\PMQV\MZM[\[WN \PQ[QV[\Q\]\QWVWZKPMZQ[PMLIUWZM

IJQLQVO PWXM NWZ Q\[XMZUIVMV\ XZW[XMZQ\a IVL ][MN]TVM[[º

  5QKPQOIV )T]UV][2IV]IZa!X

0MVZa;QUUWV[.ZQMbM

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 21/108

 

/MWZOM8?QTTQIU[8ZWNM[[ WZWN 6I\]ZIT8PQTW[WXPa)TM`IVLMZ?QVKPMTT8ZWNM[[ WZWN /MWTWOa2IUM[+?I\[WV8ZWNM[[WZWN )[\ZWVWUa,M>WT[WV?WWL

8ZWNM[[WZWN +Q^QT -VOQVMMZQVO-L _IZL8-^IV[8ZWNM[[WZWN 5WLMZV 4IVO]IOM[4]KQ][ ,+PIXQV8ZWNM[[WZWN 8PQTW[WXPa-L_IZL 7TVMa8ZWNM[[WZWN

5I\PMUI\QK[2IUM[:*WQ[M8ZWNM[[WZWN /ZMMS!5IZ\QV4,¼7WOM)K\QVO8ZWNM[[WZWN )VKQMV\4IVO]IOM[/MWZOM*5MZZQUIV)K\QVO8ZWNM[[WZWN8Pa[

QK[0MVZa;.ZQMbM8ZWNM[[WZWN 4I\QV)LIU3;XMVKM1V[\Z]K\WZQV/ZMMS+PIZTM[3)LIU[8ZWNM[[WZWN 0Q[\WZa;QTI[0,W]OTI[8ZWNM[[WZWN

+PMUQ[\Za;\QTTUIV?:WJQV[WV)[[Q[\IV\QV-VOQVMMZQVO5W[M[+WQ\<aTMZ8ZWNM[[WZWN -VOTQ[P)TWVbW*8ITUMZ8ZWNM[[WZWN 8I\PWTWOa)TTMV2

+]Z\Q[)[[Q[\IV\8ZWNM[[WZWN-VOTQ[P

<0-41<-:):A+744-/-.)+=4<A7.

!

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 22/108

 

¹<PM[\]LMV\[WN \PQ[XMZQWLNW]VLM `MZKQ[MQVLIVKQVO[_QU

UQVOQV\PM0]ZWV:Q^MZKIVWMQVOIVLTWVOPQSM[W^MZ\PMPQTT[

[]ZZW]VLQVO)VV)ZJWZº0MZJMZ\2/W]TLQVO! M

  5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK7K\WJMZ!X!

-):4A;<=,-6<41.-

¹)UWVOW]ZI\PTM\QK[_MZM^IZQW][NWZU[WN IK\Q^Q\a·INWW\ZIKM

  NZWU IY]IZ\MZ \W I PITNUQTM JI[MJITT I NM_ ZWL[ NZWU \PM

[\QTM·[I_QVOW]ZW_V_WWLIVLKIZZaQVOQ\]X[\IQZ[7VKM

_MZIVITTZW]VL\PM+IUX][NMVKM7VKM·IVLWVTaWVKM·_M

\WWSITWILWN PQKSWZa_WWLINIZUMZPILTMN\NWZ[ITMI\VQOP\

QVNZWV\WN\PMNMVKMQV[\MILWN QV\PM_WWLaIZLIVLKIZZQMLQ\·KWTL_QV\MZVQOP\·]XNW]ZXIQZWN [\IQZ[[\QKSJa[\QKSIVL

 X]\Q\WV\WXWN \PMJ]QTLQVO?M\PMV\WWS\PM_IOWVIXIZ\IVL

KIZZQMLQ\]XIT[W_PMMT[I`TM[\WVO]MIVL[QLM[\ISM[X]\Q\

\WOM\PMZIOIQVIVLXQTML\PM_WWL]XWVQ\[W\PI\QV\PMUWZV

QVO\PMNIZUMZNW]VLPQ[TWILITWN\VW\IJTM\WOM\\PMPWZ[M[

]XVWZQN PMKW]TL\W OM\\PMULW_VIOIQV<PMXMZXM\ZI\WZ[

_MZMLQ[KW^MZMLIVLJaVWWV_MPILM^MZa\PQVOLW_VJMTW_

I[ JMNWZMº 6I\PIVQMT ?M[\  5QKPQOIV )T]UV][

5IZKP!X

¹<PMIVV]ITNWW\JITTZ][PJM\_MMV\PM.ZW[PIVL;WXP[IN

  NWZLML IVW\PMZ JQ\ WN M`MZKQ[M <PQ[ \WWS XTIKM QV \PM WXMVIZMIJW]VLMLJa6WZ\P=VQ^MZ[Q\aIVL-I[\=VQ^MZ[Q\a5ITM

[\]LMV\[ WN MIKP KTI[[ V]UJMZQVO IJW]\\_W P]VLZML WVI

[QLM_MZMTQVML]XNIKQVOVWZ\PIVL[W]\P_Q\PI[\I\ML[XIKM

JM\_MMV\PMU <PM KWML[_MZMWV \PM[QLMTQVM[\W KPMMZ\PM

UMUJMZ[WN \PMQZZM[XMK\Q^MKTI[[M[<PM2]VQWZ[JIKSML]X\PM

 .ZM[PUMVIVL\PM;MVQW Z[\PM;WXPWUWZM[<PMQZL]\a_I[\W

Z][PJIKSQV\W\PMNZIaIVaL]NNMZ_PWPIL_QOOTMLW]\NWZIJQ\

WN ZMTQMN NZWU\PMKZ][PQVOXZM[[]ZM_PQKPPILZML]KMLPQU\W

PITN PQ[VWZUIT[QbM1\WN\MV\WWSPW]Z[\WLMKQLM\PMKWV\M[\

 ,]M\W \PM[PWZ\IOMWN JML [XIKMQV=VQ^MZ[Q\a0W[XQ\IT \PQ[

»[XWZ\¼PIL\W JMIJIVLWVMLIVL_I[ZMXTIKMLJa\PM \]OWN

_IZ<PM\ZILQ\QWVIT[Q\MNWZ\PQ[M^MV\_I[\PM0]ZWV:Q^MZº 0MZJMZ\2/W]TLQVO! M   5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK7K\

!X!

¹*MPQVL\PMJMTTXW[\_MZM\PMTI\ZQVM[)[\PM[M[WUM\QUM[

 OW\QV JILKWVLQ\QWV\ PM[\]LMV\[ ILWX\ML \PMPIJQ \WN J]ZV

QVO\PMU]XWKKI[QWVITTaW¼VQOP\\P][KWUXMTTQVO\PM:MOMV\[

\WJ]QTLNZM[PWVM[XZM\\aWN\MV)N\MZW]ZOZIL]I\QWV1_I[

IXXWQV\ML;]X\7N /ZW]VL[*]QTLQVO[IVL1[\WXXML\PM

J]ZVQVO JaKWV[\Z]K\QVOVM_ TI\ZQVM[ ITTWN JZQKSUISQVO

\PMUQVKWUJ][\QJTM<PM:MOMV\[PW_M^MZ_MZM[\IOOMZMLI\

\PMJQTTI[\PMaKW[\IJW]\;\]LMV\4M\\MZ

*MV\TMa

¹)VW\PMZ I\PTM\QK M`MZKQ[M _I[ \]ZVQVO \PM =VQ^MZ[Q\a JMTT¼[

UW]\P]X\W\PM[SaQV\PMKWTL_QV\MZ\QUMI\VQOP\ÅTTQVO\PM

JMTT_Q\P_I\MZ<PMKTIXXMZ_I[L]UJWN KW]Z[MI\[Q`W¼KTWKS

QV\PMUWZVQVOIVL_M_MZM»NW]VLUQ[[QVO¼I\XZIaMZº

6I\PIVQMT ?M[\   5QKPQOIV )T]UV][ ! X

1V\PMTI\M[ 5I[WV0ITT IVL ;W]\P+WTTMOM

_MZMKWV^MZ\MLQV\WKTI[[ZWWU[IVLTIJWZ\WZQM[IVL

\PM[\]LMV\[ _MZM [MV\W]\ \W ÅVLZWWU[QV \W_V

5IVaNW]VLPW][QVOQVNIK]T\aPWUM[

)TM`IVLMZ?QVKPMTT¼[PWUM

TWKI\MLWV\PM[Q\MWN0QTT)]LQ\WZQ]U

,I^QL-0MQVMUIVKTI[[WN

QVPQ[ZWWUQV8ZWNM[[WZ?QVKPMTT¼[7K\IOWV0W][M

_Q\P?QVKPMTT¼[LWO¹+]ZTMaºI\PQ[NMM\

.ZW[PIVL;WXP[:][P

<]OWN?IZIKZW[[\PM0]ZWV:Q^MZ

¹7V0ITTW_MMVINM_QVL]TOMLQV\PM[XWZ\WN PIVOQVOOI\M[

QV\ZMM\WX[W^MZ\]ZVQVO[\ZM\KPM[WN _WWLMV [QLM_ITS[IVL

UW^QVOPWZ[MJTWKS[IKZW[[\PMKQ\aº0MZJMZ\2/W]TLQVO

!M  5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK7K\WJMZ!X!

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 23/108

 

 2IUM[*]ZZQTT)VOMTT

1V 2IUM[ *]ZZQTT )VOMTT IKKMX\ML \PM 8ZM[QLMVKa WN \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a WN

5QKPQOIV

 2IUM[)VOMTTXZMXIZMLNWZ*ZW_V=VQ^MZ[Q\aI\IO ZIUUIZ[KPWWTQV8ZW^QLMVKM

_PMZMPM[\]LQML]VLMZ0MVZa.ZQMbM0MOZIL]I\MLNZWU*ZW_V_Q\PPQOPM[\

PWVWZ[QV!0MJMKIUMI [\]LMV\WN KQ^QTMVOQVMMZQVOQV\PMWNÅKMWN \PM

KQ\aMVOQVMMZWN*W[\WV0M[XMV\\PQ[XMZQWL\W[]KPIL^IV\IOM\PI\TI\MZPM_I[

OQ^MV\PMKPWQKMWNIXZWNM[[WZ[PQXI\*ZW_VMQ\PMZQVKQ QTMVOQVMMZQVOWZUWLMZV

TIVO]IOM[0MKPW[MUWLMZVTIVO]IOM[IVLZMUIQVMLIXZWNM[[WZI\*ZW_VNWZ

[M^MVaMIZ[0M[MZ^MLI[MLQ\WZWN \PM8ZW^QLMVKM2W]ZVITL]ZQVO\PM+Q^QT?IZNZWU ]V\QT_PMV PMIKKMX\ML \PM XZM[QLMVKa WN \PM =VQ MZ[Q\aWN

>MZUWV\

?PMV)VOMTTIZZQ MLI\5QKPQOIVQV\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aMVZWTTML[\]LMV\[

\I]OP\JaNIK]T\a1\[IVV]ITJ]LOM\_I[

)\\PM JMOQVVQVOWN \PM)VOMTTILUQVQ[\ZI\QWV\PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN 4Q\MZI\]ZM

;KQMVKM IVL\PM )Z\[WNNMZML [Q`LMOZMMXZWOZIU[ MIKP NW]ZaMIZ[QV TMVO\P"

KTI[[QKIT[KQMV\QÅK4I\QVIVL[KQMV\QÅK/ZMMSIVL[KQMV\QÅKKQ^QTMVOQVMMZQVOIVL

UQVQVOMVOQVMMZQVO

<PM[KQMV\QÅKK]ZZQK]T]U_I[[]JLQ^QLMLN]Z\PMZQV\W[XMKQÅKNW]ZaMIZUIRWZ[QV

OMVMZIT[KQMVKMKPMUQ[\ZaIVLJQWTWOa;QVKM\PMÅZ[\\_WaMIZ[WN \PMMVOQVMMZQVO

K]ZZQK]T]U _I[ M[[MV\QITTa QLMV\QKIT \W \PI\ WN \PM W\PMZ [KQMVKM UIRWZ[ \PM

MVOQVMMZQVOUIRWZ[ IT[W_MZMZMOIZLML I[ []JLQ Q[QWV[WN \PM[KQMV\QÅK KW]Z[M

]V\QT!_PMV-VOQVMMZQVOJMKIUMI[MXIZI\MIKILMUQK]VQ\

)VOMTT¼[ZWTMQV\PM[MTMK\QWVIVL ZMKZ]Q\QVOWN =VQ^MZ[Q\aNIK]T\a _I[WVMWN PQ[

OZMI\KWV\ZQJ]\QWV[7^MZI [XIVWN VMIZTaNWZ\a aMIZ[\PMNIK]T\a OZM_JaUWZM

\PIVMTM^MVNWTL<PMV]UJMZWNUIRWZIXXWQV\UMV\[QVKZMI[ML\W\PMP]VLZML[

5IVaW]\[\IVLQVO[KPWTIZ[IVL[\INN _MZMI\\ZIK\ML\W\ PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aL]ZQVO\PM

)VOMTTaMIZ[

)VOMTTNIKMLI UIRWZ KPITTMVOM QVJ]QTLQVO \PMNIKQTQ\QM[VMKM[[IZa\W UMM\\PM

VMML[ WN I ZIXQLTa OZW_QVO]VQ^MZ[Q\a AM\M^MV_Q\P \PMUMIOMZN]VL[I\ PQ[

LQ[XW[IT)VOMTTUIVIOML\W J]QTL W^MZ J]QTLQVO[ M KT][Q MWN \PMPMI\QVO

XTIV\\PM MTMK\ZQKTQOP\XTIV\IVL\PM KIUX][ [\MIU \]VVMT[a[\MU )T\PW]OP\PM[MJ]QTLQVO[_MZMVW\XITI\QITVWZ UWLMT[WN IZKPQ\MK\]ZITJMI]\a\PMa_MZM

ILMY]I\M\WUMM\\PMVMML[WN \PMZIXQLTaM`XIVLQVOIKILMUQKXZWOZIU[

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 24/108

!

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIV+IUX][KQZKI

5MLQKIT*]QTLQVO+PMUQKIT4IJWZI\WZa4I_*]QTLQVO5I[WV0ITT;W]\P+WTTMOM

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 25/108

.WTTW_QVO\PMZM[QOVI\QWVWN ,M>WT[WV?WWLQV

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aPQZML\PZMMVM_NIK]T\aUMUJMZ[QV

MVOQVMMZQVO" 2W[MXP ,I Q[ +PIZTM[ /ZMMVM IVL

+PIZTM[ ,MVQ[WV 2W[MXP ,I Q[ _I[ IXXWQV\ML

)[[Q[\IV\ 8ZWNM[[WZ WN +Q QT -VOQVMMZQVO QV

0MPILZMKMQ^MLPQ[LMOZMMNZWU5QKPQOIVQV

?PMV,I^Q[_I[ZMILaNWZKWTTMOMPMTWWSMLIJW]\

IVLNW]VL\PI\ \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV_I[ WVM

WN \PM TMI[\M`XMV[Q^M[KPWWT[\WI\\MVL 0M [\IZ\ML

NWZ)VV)ZJWZNZWU6M_*MLNWZL_PMZMPQ[NI\PMZ

_I[KIX\IQVWNI_PITMZ0M_ITSMLUW[\WN \PM_Ia=XWVÅVQ[PQVOKWTTMOM,I^Q[_WZSMLI[IVMVOQVMMZ

1VPM_MV\\W8MVV[aT^IVQI_PMZMPMWZOIVQbML

\PM+Q^QT-VOQVMMZQVO,MXIZ\UMV\I\ .ZQMVL[VW_

;_IZ\PUWZM +WTTMOM 1V ,I Q[ WZOIVQbML

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a WN 5QKPQOIVKIUX NWZÅMTL_WZS QV

[]Z MaQVO <PQ[ _I[ \PM XQWVMMZ []Z MaQVO KIUX

NWZÅMTL_WZSQV\PM=VQ\ML;\I\M[1V!PM_I[

IXXWQV\MLKPIQZWN /MWLM[aIVL ;]Z MaQVO_PQKP

PMPMTL]V\QTPQ[ZM\QZMUMV\,I^Q[_I[I[]KKM[[N]T

KWV[]T\QVOMVOQVMMZ 0M[MZ^MLI[+Q\a -VOQVMMZWN

)VV)ZJWZNWZ[Q`\MMVaMIZ[

1V+PIZTM[/ZMMV_I[IXXWQV\ML8ZWNM[[WZWN

+Q^QT -VOQVMMZQVO )N\MZ OZIL]I\QVONZWU0IZ^IZL

_Q\P I *) QV PM MV\MZML \PM J][QVM[[ WN

JZMMKPTWILQVO ZQÆM UIV]NIK\]ZM QV 5I[[IKP][M\\[

IVL QV .MJZ]IZa WN /ZMMVM JMKIUM KTMZS

WN \PM 9]IZ\MZUI[\MZ¼[ ,MXIZ\UMV\ I\ :MIL^QTTM

5I[[IKP][M\\[0M_I[KWUUQ[[QWVML.QZ[\4QM]\MVIV\

QV \PM =; +WTWZML <ZWWX[ IVL [MZ ML I[ ZMOQUMV\I T

Y]IZ\MZUI[\MZQV:QKPUWVL>QZOQVQIIVLQV<M`I[

]V\QT_PMVPMZM[QOVML0M\PMVMV\MZML\PM

5I[[IKP][M\\[ 1V[\Q\]\M WN <MKPVWTWOa _PMZM PMZMKMQ^MLI*;IVL+-QV)N\MZOZIL]I\QWV

PMMVOIOMLQVXZWNM[[QWVITZIQTZWILZQ^MZIVLPIZJWZ

QUXZW^MUMV\_WZSQV 5IQVM IVL6M_ 0IUX[PQZM

IVL _I[ KQ\a MVOQVMMZ WN *IVOWZ 5IQVM 0M

KIZZQMLWV I OMVMZITXZIK\QKM ]V\QT _PMVPM

_I[ IXXWQV\ML 8ZWNM[[WZ WN +Q QT -VOQVMMZQVO I\

5QKPQOIV/ZMMVM[]Z^MaML\PM)VV)ZJWZ:IQTZWIL

IVL LM[QOVML IVL _I[ []XMZQV\MVLMV\ WN \PM

KWV[\Z]K\QWVWN \PM)VV)ZJWZ_I\MZ_WZS[QV

IVL\PM)VV)ZJWZ[M_MZIOM[a[\MUQV!

+PIZTM[,MVQ[WVZMKMQ^MLI*;QVIVLI+-

QVNZWU \PM =VQ MZ[Q\aWN >MZUWV\ 0M_I[

IXXWQV\ML1V[\Z]K\WZQV-VOQVMMZQVOIVL,ZI_QVOQV

0M_I[ZMKZ]Q\ML\W\PMNIK]T\aJaPQ[NZQMVL

 2IUM[)VOMTT _PW\PM aMIZJMNWZMPIL IT[WKWUM

\W5QKPQOIVNZWU\PM=VQ MZ[Q\aWN >MZUWV\<PM

)VOMTT[TWWSML]XWV,MVQ[WV ITUW[\ I[I UMUJMZ

WN \PMNIUQTa 0M_I[ \PMNI^WZMLO]M[\ I\VMIZTa

M^MZa\IJTMQV\W_V0M_I[I KWVVWQ[[M]ZWN NWWL

IVL_QVMI[_MTTI[NI[PQWV,MVQ[WV\I]OP\NWZNWZ\a

 aMIZ[I\ \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a 0M_I[ IJIKPMTWZ IVLPQ[[\]LMV\[_MZMPQ[_PWTMTQNM0M_I[SVW_V\W\PM

[\]LMV\[I[¹,MVVaºIVL\WPQ[QV\QUI\M[I[¹4Q\\TM

4WZL +PM[\MZÅMTLº 0M[MZ MLWV \PM NIK]T\a NWZ

aMIZ[ ,MVQ[WV IT[W [MZ ML I[ )VV )ZJWZ KQ\a

MVOQVMMZ

 2W[MXP*ISMZ,I^Q[ +PIZTM[-bZI/ZMMVM +PIZTM[;QUMWV,MVQ[WV

<0--):4A->74=<1767.-6/16--:16/-,=+)<176)<51+01/)6

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 26/108

5-<)44=:/A

1VIVIXXZWXZQI\QWV_I[UILMNWZIXZWNM[

[WZWN UM\ITT]ZOaIXZWNM[[WZWN UQVQVOMVOQVMMZQVO

IVLIXZWNM[[WZWNIZKPQ\MK\]ZMIVLLM[QOVITWVO_Q\P

\PMVMKM[[IZaI[[Q[\IV\QV[\Z]K\WZ[

;QTI[ ,W]TOI[ _I[ VIUML 8ZWNM[[WZ WN 5M\ITT]ZOa

IVL+PMUQKIT<MKPVWTWOaNZWU?PMV\PM

IXXZWXZQI\QWV[_MZM VW\ZMVM_ML ,W]OTI[ KWV\QV

]MLI[,QZMK\WZWN\PM+PMUQKIT4IJWZI\WZa,W]OTI[KIUM\W)VV)ZJWZQV\WXZIK\QKMUMLQKQVM

1VPM JMOIVPQ[ \MV]ZM I\\PM =VQ MZ[Q\aWN

5QKPQOIV [MZ QVO QV ^IZQW][ ZWTM[ ]V\QT PQ[ ZM\QZM

UMV\QV0M_I[IK\Q^MTaQV^WT^MLQVNW]VLQVO

\PM5MLQKIT,MXIZ\UMV\IVLWZOIVQbQVO\PM+PMUQ

KIT4IJWZI\WZa*M[QLM[PQ[XZWNM[[WZQITZWTMPMPIL

KPIZOMWN\PM7J[MZ^I\WZa\PM5MLQKIT*]QTLQVO\PM

+PMUQKIT4IJWZI\WZaIVLW\PMZ=VQ^MZ[Q\aNIKQTQ\QM[

51616/-6/16--:16/

)[MIZTaI[IKW]Z[MQVUQVQVOMVOQVMMZQVO

TMILQVO\W\PMLMOZMMWN5QVQVO-VOQVMMZQVO_I[IV

VW]VKMLIVL\PQ[LMOZMM_I[KWVNMZZMLNZWU

\W0W_M^MZVWTMOQ[TI\Q^MIK\QWVXZW^QLQVONWZ

I[KPWWTWN UQVM[_I[\ISMV]V\QT_PMVIV

IXXZWXZQI\QWV_I[ UILMNWZI XZWNM[[WZ WN UQVQVO

MVOQVMMZQVO

?QTTQIU 0MVZa 8M\\MM *) 0IZ IZL _I[IXXWQV\ML8ZWNM[[WZWN 5QVQVO-VOQVMMZQVO=VNWZ

\]VI\MTa\PMTMOQ[TI\]ZMVMOTMK\ML\WKWV\QV]M\PMIX

XZWXZQI\QWVI\\PMM`XQZI\QWVWN \PMJQMVVQIT XMZQWL

8M\\MMZM[QOVML\PMKPIQZWN UQVQVOMVOQVMMZQVOIVL

_I[ IXXWQV\ML 8ZWNM[[WZ WN 5QVMZITWOa IVL -KW

VWUQK/MWTWOaQVKPIZOMWN5QVQVO-VOQVMMZQVO

?QTTQIU0MVZa8M\\MM;QTI[0IUQT\WV,W]OTI[

5-+0)61+)4-6/16--:16/

;\QTTUIV ?QTTQIU[ :WJQV[WV +- _I[ IX

XWQV\ML )[[Q[\IV\ 8ZWNM[[WZ WN +Q QT -VOQVMMZQVO

IVL)[[Q[\IV\ 8ZWNM[[WZ WN 5QVQVO -VOQ

VMMZQVOIVL/MWLM[a0MWNNMZML\PMÅZ[\

QV[\Z]K\QWVQV5MKPIVQKIT-VOQVMMZQVO0MZM[QOVML

QV\WIKKMX\\PMKPIQZWN5MKPIVQKIT-VOQVMMZ

QVOI\\PM1VL][\ZQIT=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 1TTQVWQ[IVLTI\MZ

_I[8ZWNM[[WZWN 5MKPIVQKIT -VOQVMMZQVO I\ 7PQW

;\I\M=VQ^MZ[Q\a

1VIKW]Z[M_I[M[\IJTQ[PMLTMILQVO\W\PMLM

OZMMWN 5MKPIVQKIT -VOQVMMZ J]\ \PM LMOZMM _I[

LQ[KWV\QV]MLQV]V\QT\PMLMXIZ\UMV\_I[ZM

M[\IJTQ[PMLQV

;\QTTUIV?QTTQIU[:WJQV[WV

<0--):4A->74=<1767.-6/16--:16/-,=+)<176)<51+01/)6

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 27/108

1V7K\WJMZWN 8ZWNM[[WZ.ZQMbM\PMVIK\QVOXZM[QLMV\[MV\NWZ5WZ\QUMZ

+WWTMa IVL IL Q[ML PQU WN \PM IXXZWXZQI\QWV WN NWZ IVMVOQVMMZQVO

TIJWZI\WZa<PM UWVMa_I[\WZM^MZ\\W\PM[\I\M QN VW\M`XMVLMLJa,MKMUJMZ

+WWTMa_I[I[SMLQN PMKW]TL][M\ PQ[[]U\WM[\IJTQ[PIUMKPIVQKITMVOQVMMZQVO

TIJWZI\WZa<PMXW[[QJQTQ \aWN [PWX[_I[UMV\QWVMLJ]\\PMIXXZWXZQI\QWV[MMUM L

QV[]NÅKQMV\<PMUI\\MZ_I[LZWXXML]V\QT6W^MUJMZ_PMV+WWTMa_I[IOIQV

KITTMLJMNWZM\PMXZM[QLMV\IVLWZLMZML\W[XMVL\PMUWVMa0MIKY]QM[KMLWV

KWVLQ\QWV\PI\\PM J]QTLQVOKW[\VW UWZM \PIV TMI QVO\PMJITIVKMNWZ

MY]QXUMV\

<PMÅZ[\-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX_I[\_MV\aNW]ZNMM\Ja \PQZ\a[Q NMM\ KWV[\Z]K\ML

WN JZQKS[XTIKMLMLOM_Q[MIVLVIQTML\W \PM[\]LLQVO1\ _I[\PMÅZ[\ÅZMXZWWN J]QTLQVOWVKIUX][+WWTMaVW\ML"

¹1\_I[+PIZTM[3MVLITT)LIU[_PW][ML\W[Ia\WUMLIQTaI[PM_ITSMLJaW]ZÅZ[\TQ\\TM

MVOQVMMZQVO[PWX»)VLPW_Q[\PM[KQMV\QÅKJTIKS[UQ\P[PWXLWQVO\PQ[UWZVQVO'¼8ZWNM[[WZ)LIU[

  NWZUMZTaPIL\I]OP\4I\QVIVL1IT_Ia[MVRWaML\PMNIK\\PI\W]ZÅZ[\[PWX_I[J]QT\\PZW]OP\PM

]ZOQVOWN WVM4I\QVXZWNM[[WZ)K\QVO8ZM[QLMV\.ZQMbMIVLVQKSVIUMLJaIVW\PMZ\P][OQ^QVO

UMKPIVQKITMVOQVMMZQVOI\Z]TaKTI[[QKITJMOQVVQVOI\5QKPQOIVº5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa ;KQMV\QÅK

 *TIKS[UQ\PX

1V\PM¹;KQMV\QÅK*TIKS[UQ\P;PWXº_I[[WTLIVLUW^ML\W6WZ\P=VQ^MZ[Q\a

IVL7J[MZ^I\WZaNWZIXZQ^I\MZM[QLMVKM

;KQMV\QÅK*TIKS[UQ\P;PWX

5WZ\QUMZ-T_aV+WWTMa

<0-.1:;<-6/16--:16/*=14,16/

5MKPIVQKIT MVOQVMMZQVOZMIXXMIZMLI\5QKPQOIVQV_Q\P \PMIZZQ^ITWN I

VM_NIK]T\aUMUJMZ5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa+WWTMaPILJMMVLM\IQTML\W5QKPQOIV

Ja\PM=;6I^a]VLMZ\PM!)K\WN +WVOZM[[\W[MZ^MI[8ZWNM[[WZWN ;\MIU

-VOQVMMZQVOIVL1ZWV;PQXJ]QTLQVO)T\PW]OPPMTMK\]ZMLWVVI^ITIZKPQ\MK\]ZM

L]ZQVO\PM[PQ[ZMITM`XMZ\Q[MTIaQVUMKPIVQKITMVOQVMMZQVOIVLQVPQ[\Q\TM_I[ZMVIUML 8ZWNM[[WZWN 5MKPIVQKIT-VOQVMMZQVO)\\PM \QUMPM_I[ \PM

WVTaUMKPIVQKITMVOQVMMZQV\PM[\I\MWN 5QKPQOIV

?PMV +WWTMaIZZQ^ML MVOQVMMZQVOMVZWTTUMV\[PIL LZWXXMLNZWU! QV!

\WWVTa [\]LMV\[QV JMKI][MWN \PM VI\QWVITMKWVWUa 0W_M MZ \PM

NWTTW_QVOaMIZMVZWTTUMV\[ZMJW]VLML\W[\]LMV\[IVLKWV\QV]ML\WQVKZMI[M

QV[]J[MY]MV\aMIZ[

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 28/108

;KQMV\QÅK*TIKS[UQ\P;PWXIVL+IZXMV\MZ¼[;PWX

5WZ\QUMZ +WWTMa LM[KZQJML \PM ÅZ[\ -VOQVMMZQVO

*]QTLQVO"

¹)\\PM_M[\MVLWN \PQ[TQ\\TMJ]QTLQVO_I[\PMNWZOM[PWXI\\PM

MI[\MVL_I[\PMNW]VLZa7V\PM[MKWVLÆWWZ_I[\PMXI\\MZV

[PWXIVLUIKPQVM[PWX;\IQZ[\W\PM[MKWVLÆWWZ_MZMQV\PM

VWZ\P_M[\KWZVMZ_Q\PITIVLQVOXIZ\_Ia]X<PMTQ\\TM^MZ\QKITNW]ZPWZ[MXW_MZMVOQVM_I[QV\PM IVOTMWN \PM [\IQZ_Ia

<PMJMT\_I[^MZ\QKITIVLXI[[ML\PZW]OP\PMÆWWZ\W\PMUWZM

\PIV\PQZ\aNMM\WN [PIN\QVOIVLX]TTMa[I\\PMKMQTQVOWN \PM

[MKWVLÆWWZ

<PMQZWVTI\PM_I[ NW]VLQV \PMJI[MUMV\WN WTL=VQ^MZ[Q\a

 0ITTIVL\QVSMZML]XNWZ][M1UILM\PM_WWLTI\PMUa[MTN#Q\

PILIJMLIVLKWVMX]TTMa[WN _WWL

<PMPMI\QVOIXXIZI\][_I[IVWTLNI[PQWVMLZMO]TI\WZ[\W^M

_Q\PIZMUW^IJTM\WX

 )NWZ OM_I[ J]QT\IVLI [UITT K]XWTI MZMK\ML <PM K]XWTI

\_MV\aQVKPM[QVLQIUM\MZIVLÅ^MWZ[Q`NMM\PQOP_I[WV\PM

MI[\[QLMWN \PMKPQUVMaQV\PMKMV\MZWN \PMJ]QTLQVO6W\_Q\P

[\IVLQVOQ\[[QbMQ\_WZSML_MTTIVLUIVaKI[\QVO[QVUWTL[

  NI[PQWVMLNZWUXI\\MZV[_MZMUILMWV\PMÆWWZIJW^Mº ;KQMV

\QÅK*TIKS[UQ\PX

5WZ\QUMZ +WWTMa SVM_ [WUM\PQVO IJW]\ JTIKS

[UQ\PQVOIVL_WWL_WZSQVOJ]\VW\\PMWXMZI\QWVWN

INW]VLZa0MPQZML*WJ?QV[TW__PW_WZSMLI\\PM

NW]VLZaWV0]ZWV;\ZMM\\W\MIKPNW]VLZaXZIK\QKM

0MZM Q\ [PW]TL JM VW\ML \PI\ \PM =VQ^MZ[Q\a WN

5QKPQOIV_I[\PMÅZ[\]VQ^MZ[Q\aQV\PM=VQ\ML;\I\M[

\WWNNMZ\Z]MTIJWZI\WZaNIKQTQ\QM[IVL\WZMY]QZM

TIJWZI\WZaKW]Z[M[WNQ\[[\]LMV\[*WJ?QV[TW_

5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa[MI\MLIVL*WJ?QV[TW_QV\PM?WWL_WZSQVO;PWX

¹<PMÅZ[\ TQ\\TMMVOQVMMZQVO[PWX

_I[ QUUMLQI\MTa W^MZKZW_LML#

I aMIZ WZ \_W TI\MZ _M UW ML

ITWVO[QLMQ\IVWTL_WWLMVJ]QTL

QVO_PQKPPILJMMV][MLI[I[PWX

  NWZ UISQVO U][M]U KI[M[ _PMV

\PM WTL U][M]U _I[ J]QT\ 1\PILWZQOQVITTaJMMVXTIKML_PMZM

\PM WTL 8Pa[QK[ *]QTLQVO VW_

[\IVL[ 1\_I[\WJMUW^MLWNN

\PMKIUX][IVL1JMOOMLQ\WN \PM

 :MOMV\[\WOM\PMZ_Q\P\PMUIKPQV

MZa][ML NWZUISQVO\PM U][M]U

KI[M[º 5WZ\QUMZ +WWTMa

 ;KQMV\QÅK *TIKS[UQ\PX

¹1NW]VLLMIZWTL*WJ?QV[TW_I\\PM NW]VLZaWV0]ZWV;\ZMM\R][\_M[\WN \PM

 )VV)ZJWZ:IQTZWIL \ZIKS[IVL 1 PQZML PQU \W \MIKP NW]VLZa XZIK\QKM .W]VLZa

UMVQV\PW[MLIa[KW]TLUWTLNZWUITUW[\IVa\PQVOI[IXI\\MZV1N IXIZ\NZWUI

UIKPQVM_I[JZW]OP\QV*WJ][MLQ\I[IXI\\MZV\ZQUUML]X\PMUWTL[IJQ\IVL

ZMXZWL]KML\PMXIZ\QVXZIK\QKITTaQ\[WZQOQVITNWZUº5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa  ;KQMV\QÅK

 *TIKS[UQ\PX

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 29/108

*aILLQ\QWVIT

[XIKM_I[VMMLML

NWZ-VOQVMMZQVO

<PMÅZ[\]VQ\WN \PM

XMZUIVMV\JZQKS

-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX

_I[J]QT\WV\PMMI[\[QLMWN\PMWZQOQVIT

TIJWZI\WZa\PM

;KQMV\QÅK*TIKS[UQ\P

;PWXIVLKWVVMK\ML

_Q\PQ\JaIXI[[IOM

_IaI\\PM[MKWVL

ÆWWZTM^MT

?Q\PQV\_WaMIZ[IN\MZ

\PMKWUXTM\QWVWN\PM

-VOQVMMZQVO;PWXIV

M`XIV[QWV_I[VMMLML

_PQKPVMKM[[Q\I\ML\PM

ZMUW^ITWN\PM;KQMV\QÅK

*TIKS[UQ\P;PWXIVL

+IZXMV\MZ¼[;PWX<PM

KWUXTM\MLJ]QTLQVO

KWV[Q[\MLWN \PMWZQOQVIT

MI[\J]QTLQVO\PMKMV\ZIT

XIZ\IVL\W_MZIVLI_M[\_QVOWVM[\WZa

NW]VLZaIVLNWZOM

[PWX<PMVM_ILLQ\QWV

KWV\IQVMLWNNQKM[

KTI[[ZWWU[LZI_QVO

ZWWU[IVLTIJWZI\WZa

NWZ\M[\QVOUIKPQVM[

[\MIUMVOQVM[_I\MZ

UW\WZ[IVL[\ZMVO\PWN

UI\MZQIT[

-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX[.WZOM

;SM\KPWN\PMVM_-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX

JM[QLM\PM;KQMV\QÅK*TIKS[UQ\P;PWXIVL+IZXMV\MZ¼[;PWX

<PM-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX

0MZM\PM+IZXMV\MZ¼[;PWXPI[JMMVZMUW^ML

IT\PW]OP\PM;KQMV\QÅK*TIKS[UQ\P;PWXZMUIQV[

<PM-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX[_Q\P\PM\W_MZIVLNWZOMZQOP\

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 30/108

 

<PMMIZTaKW]Z[M[ QVUMKPIVQKITMVOQVMMZQVO_MZM

KWVKMZVMLTIZOMTa_Q\P\PMLM[QOVWN UIKPQVMZaIVL_Q\P\PM\MKPVWTWOaWN \PM_WZS[PWX ;PWX[_MZM

\PMXTIKMWN \PMMIZTaMNNWZ\[ I\XZIK\QKITQV[\Z]K\QWV

ZI\PMZ\PIV\PMTIJWZI\WZa<PMMIZTaMUXPI[Q[WV

[PWX_WZS_I[\aXQKITWN \PM]ZOM_PQKP\PM[KPWWT[

NMT\\WUISM\PMQZ\ZIQVQVOI[XZIK\QKITI[XW[[QJTMI[

_I[\PM \MVLMVKaWN MVOQVMMZQVO\MIKPMZ[ \WLMU

WV[\ZI\M\PMQZKWUXM\MVKaJa]VLMZ\ISQVOKWTTI\MZIT

XZIK\QKM

?PMV\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a4QJZIZa_I[\WZVLW_V\WUISM

_IaNWZ\PM6M_4QJZIZa5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaI[SMLNWZ

\PMKTWKSIVLKPQUM[\WJMX]\QV\PM-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX[*]QTLQVO<PMKTWKSIVLKPQUM[ZIVOI\"

IUIVL"XU\W[QOVQNa\PMJMOQVVQVOIVLMVL

WN \PM[\]LaLIa?PMV*]Z\WV<W_MZIVL\PM*IQZL

+IZQTTWV_MZMÅVQ[PMLQV!\PMKTWKSIVLKPQUM[

PILW]\TQ^ML\PMQZ][MN]TVM[[

<PM -VOQVMMZQVO ;PWX[ _MZM ][ML NWZ W MZ NWZ\a

 aMIZ[ <PM J]QTLQVO PIL JMMV KWVLMUVML UIVa

\QUM[I[I¹ÅZM\ZIXº1V!Q\_I[LIUIOMLJa

\_WÅZM[QV\PMTIJWZI\WZQM[

<PMJ]QTLQVO_I[\WZVLW_VQV!_PMV\PMVM_I]\WUW\Q^MTIJWZI\WZa_I[KWUXTM\MLWV\PM6WZ\P

+IUX][

<PM=VLMZOZIL]I\M4QJZIZa_I[J]QT\WV\PM[Q\M

-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX[_Q\PKTWKSIVLKPQUM[

NZWU\PMLMUWTQ[PML=VQ^MZ[Q\a4QJZIZa

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a4QJZIZa_Q\PKTWKSIVLKPQUM[

,MUWTQ\QWVWN\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a4QJZIZa<W_MZ

 2]Ta!

<PMJMTT[_MZM\ISMVLW_VNZWU\PM-VOQVMMZQVO

;PWX¼[<W_MZ\WJM][MLI[[KZIXUM\ITNWZ??11

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 31/108

 

0MVZa;UQ\P+IZPIZ\ /MWZOM?I[PQVO\WV8I\\MZ[WV

-4-+<:1+)4-6/16--:16/

!0MVZa+IZPIZ\\I]OP\[KPWWT I\IOM )\! PM

_I[PMILWN I9]ISMZ;KPWWT \MIKPQVOIVL MIZV

QVOUWVMa\WKWUXTM\MPQ[XZMXIZI\WZaKW]Z[M0M

OZIL]I\ML NZWU ?M[TMaIV QV ! )N\MZ \MIKPQVO

4I\QVNWZ\_WaMIZ[PMMV\MZMLAITM,Q^QVQ\a;KPWWT

0W_M^MZ\PMIL^IV\IOM[WNNMZMLJaAITM¼[;PMNÅMTL

;KQMV\QÅK;KPWWTXZW^ML\WW[\ZWVOIVI\\ZIK\QWVNWZ

PQU\WZM[Q[\.ZWU]V\QTPM_I[8ZWNM[[WZ

WN 8Pa[QK[I\6WZ\P_M[\MZV=VQ^MZ[Q\a 1VPM

JMKIUM8ZWNM[[WZWN8Pa[QK[I\5QKPQOIV0M[MZ ML

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a WN 5QKPQOIV NWZ\_MV\a\PZMMaMIZ[

I[XZWNM[[WZWN XPa[QK[IVLLQZMK\WZWN \PMXPa[QKIT

TIJWZI\WZa 0M IT[WLM[QOVML \PM KIUX][ TQOP\QVO

XTIV\IVLITTQ\[MTMK\ZQKITLM\IQT[

1V!8ZWNM[[WZ+IZPIZ\\PW]OP\\PM\QUMZQXMNWZ

\PMQV\ZWL]K\QWVWN IKW]Z[MQVMTMK\ZQKITMVOQVMMZQVO

0M_I[ I]\PWZQbML \W [MTMK\ IVQV[\Z]K\WZ \W I[[Q[\

PQUQVPQ[MVTIZOMLL]\QM[0MKPW[M/MWZOM?I[P

QVO\WV8I\\MZ[WV

/MWZOM?I[PQVO\WV8I\\MZ[WVZMKMQ^MLPQ[*)NZWU

AITMQV)N\MZ[XMVLQVO\PMVM`\aMIZIJZWIL

PMMV\MZML51< IVLZMKMQ MLI *;QV -TMK\ZQKIT

-VOQVMMZQVO\_WaMIZ[TI\MZ0MZMUIQVML\PMZMI[IV

I[[Q[\IV\QV5I\PMUI\QK[NWZWVMaMIZ1V\WIX

XMI[MPQ[NI\PMZPMMV\MZML\PM0IZ^IZL4I_;KPWWT

IVLKWUXTM\ML\PMÅZ[\aMIZWN \PMKW]Z[M?PQTMQV

:][[QI\PMNWTTW_QVO[]UUMZPM_I[WNNMZML\PMXW[Q

\QWVWN 1V[\Z]K\WZQV8Pa[QK[I\5QKPQOIVIVL[\IZ\ML

\MIKPQVOQV\PMNITTWN !<_WaMIZ[TI\MZPMJM

KIUM)[[WKQI\M 8ZWNM[[WZWN -TMK\ZQKIT-VOQVMMZQVO

1V!8I\\MZ[WVJMKIUM\PMÅZ[\8ZWNM[[WZWN -TMK

\ZQKIT-VOQVMMZQVOIVL_I[ PMILWN \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\

NZWU!\W!0MIT[W[MZ^MLI[)[[Q[\IV\,MIV

QV!IVL)K\QVO,MIVQV!

<PM ÅZ[\ -TMK\ZQKIT -VOQVMMZQVO LMOZMM _I[ KWV

NMZZML QV ! -TMK\ZQKIT -VOQVMMZQVO JMKIUM I

,MXIZ\UMV\QV!

8Pa[QK[4IJWZI\WZa

;XMKQIT \ZIQVQVO QV XPa[QK[ NWZ MVOQVMMZQVO IVL

UMLQKIT [\]LMV\[ KWV\ZQJ]\ML \W \PM VMML NWZ I

8Pa[QK[ 4IJWZI\WZa <PM ZML JZQKS J]QTLQVO _I[

KWUXTM\MLQV!IVLJMKIUM\PMPMILY]IZ\MZ[NWZ

_WZSQVMTMK\ZQKITUIKPQVMZa<PMJI[MUMV\KMQTQVO

_I[MTM^MVNMM\PQOPÅVQ[PML_Q\P[XMKQITZMNMZMVKM

\W _WZS QV MTMK\ZQKQ\a <PM\PQZL ÆWWZ PW][ML \PM

0aOQMVQK4IJWZI\WZa

8ZWNM[[WZ0MVZa;UQ\P+IZPIZ\I[[Q[\MLJa2W[MXP-

8]\VIU WNNMZML\PM ÅZ[\KW]Z[M QVLaVIUWMTMK\ZQK

UIKPQVMZa QVXPa[QK[ QV! <PM _WZS _I[

LWVMQV\PMJI[MUMV\WN\PM8Pa[QK[4IJWZI\WZa_Q\P

UMIOMZMY]QXUMV\

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 32/108

 

-L_IZL,MUQTT+IUXJMTT

<PM ÅZ[\ LMOZMM QV +PMUQKIT -VOQVMMZQVO _I[

KWVNMZZML QV ! 1V ! -L_IZL +IUXJMTT

_I[IXXWQV\ML8ZWNM[[WZWN +PMUQKIT-VOQVMMZQVO

IVL)VITa\QKIT+PMUQ[\ZaIVL QV! PMJMKIUM

,QZMK\WZWN \PM+PMUQKIT4IJWZI\WZa?PMV\PMVM_

+PMUQ[\Za*]QTLQVO_I[KWUXTM\MLQV!!ITIZOM

XWZ\QWVWN Q\ _I[LM^W\ML \W KPMUQKITMVOQVMMZQVO

QV[\Z]K\QWV

<PMWXMVQVO]XWN \PMÅMTL[WN MTMK\ZQKITIVLKPMUQ

KITMVOQVMMZQVOTML\W_IZL[\PMLM^MTWXUMV\WNMVOQ

VMMZQVOML]KI\QWVQV\WI[KQMV\QÅKN]VK\QWV_Q\PMU

XPI[Q[]XWV\PM[KQMV\QÅK[XQZQ\IVLWZQOQVITZM[MIZKP

_PQKPPI MUIZSML\PMÅMTLQVTI\MZaMIZ[

!

+0-51+)4-6/16--:16/

6M_+PMUQ[\Za*]QTLQVO 

<PM7ZQOQVIT+PMUQKIT4IJWZI\WZaQ[QV[MZ\MLI\TW_MZZQOP\

1VIK]ZZQK]T]UTMILQVO\W\PMLMOZMMWN *;

QV KPMUQ[\Za _I[ WZOIVQbML QV \PM,MXIZ\UMV\ WN

4;)<PQ[LMXIZ\UMV\_I[IJWTQ[PMLQV!1V

XTIKMWN \PQ[KW]Z[MIVM_K]ZZQK]T]UTMILQVO\W\PM

LMOZMM WN *; QV KPMUQKITMVOQVMMZQVO _I[ WZOI

VQbMLQV!QV\PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN -VOQVMMZQVO

-L_IZL +IUXJMTT_I[ \PM[WV WN 2]LOM 2IUM[ >

+IUXJMTTIR]ZQ[\WN\PM;]XZMUM+W]Z\NWZaMIZ[

IVLWVMWN \PM\PZMMWZQOQVITXZWNM[[WZ[WN \PM4I_

,MXIZ\UMV\

+IUXJMTTRWQVML\PM5QKPQOIVNIK]T\aQV!IVL

\WWSKPIZOMWNIJZIVKPWNKPMUQKIT_WZSPMPIL

[\]LQMLI[I[\]LMV\MQOP\aMIZ[JMNWZM0MTW[\PQ[

MaM[QOP\ WV )XZQT ! _PQTM QV \PM TIJWZI

\WZa KWVL]K\QVO I KPMUQKIT QV M[\QOI\QWV _Q\P PQ[

[\]LMV\[ 0M_I[ QV\W[a[\MUI\QKI\PTM\QKM`MZKQ[M

M[XMKQITTaOaUVI[\QK[

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 33/108

 

-VOQVMMZQVO KWV\QV]ML \W OZW_ _Q\P [\]LMV\[ MVZWTTML QV! QV ÅMTL[

QVKT]LQVOKQ^QT UQVQVO UMKPIVQKIT MTMK\ZQKIT IVL [IVQ\IZa MVOQVMMZQVO ?Q\P

OZW_QVOMVZWTTUMV\[PW_M^MZKIUM\PMVMMLNWZUWZM[XIKM

1V! \PMMVOQVMMZ[_MZMOQ^MV\PM ][MWN \PM J]QTLQVO^IKI\MLJa\PM ,MV\IT+WTTMOM _PMV Q\ UW^ML QV\W \PM NWZUMZ Y]IZ\MZ[ WN \PM PW[XQ\IT WV 6WZ\P

=VQ^MZ[Q\a<PQ[J]QTLQVOPILJMMVWVMWN \PMWZQOQVIT8ZWNM[[WZ[¼0W][M[

)\PQZL[\WZa_I[ILLMLIVL\PMMV\ZIVKM_I[UW^ML\W\PM_M[\[QLMWN \PMVM_

XIZ\IVL\PM_WZL¹-VOQVMMZQVOº_I[XTIKMLW^MZ\PMLWWZ_Ia<PMZM_MZMÅN\MMV

KTI[[ZWWU[IVL[M MZITWNÅKM[<PMJ]QTLQVOKWV\QV]MLQV][M]V\QT!_PMVQ\

_I[ZMUW^ML\WUISMZWWUNWZ\PM+TMUMV\[4QJZIZa

!

<PM-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO

)\PQZL[\WZa_I[ILLMLIVL\PMMV\ZIVKMUW ML\W\PM_M[\[QLM

,MV\IT*]QTLQVOWV;W]\P=VQ^MZ[Q\a

_Q\P\PMILLQ\QWVWV\PMZQOP\WN\PM8ZWNM[[WZ[¼0W][M

<PM-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 34/108

!

!

)[MIZTaI[\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIVPILIV WXXWZ\]VQ\a\WJMKWUM\PM

ÅZ[\[KPWWT\WZMY]QZMIÅ^MaMIZK]ZZQK]T]UNWZMVOQVMMZQVOOZIL]I\M[)\IUMM\

QVOWN \PM*WIZLWN :MOMV\[PMTL\PI\aMIZ8ZWNM[[WZ,M>WT[WV?WWL[]UUIZQbML

\PMXZWJTMUWN OM\\QVO\PMVMKM[[IZaMVOQVMMZQVO\ZIQVQVOI[_MTTI[\PMM[[MV\QIT

KTI[[QKITZMY]QZMUMV\[QVINW]ZaMIZK]ZZQK]T]U0MI[SML\PM)KILMUQK.IK]T\a

\WZMXWZ\\PMQZ^QM_[WV\PQ[UI\\MZ¹;PW]TL\PMMV\QZMMVOQVMMZQVOKW]Z[MJMQV

KT]LMLQVXWQV\WN\QUM_Q\PQV\PMXZM[MV\]VLMZOZIL]I\MKW]Z[MWN NW]ZaMIZ[WZ

[PW]TLIÅN\PaMIZJMILLML\WKWUXTM\M\PMKW]Z[M'º<PQ[UI\\MZ_I[VW\[M\\TMLI\\PI\\QUMJ]\\PMXZWJTMU_I[ZIQ[MLUIVa\QUM[\PMZMIN\MZIVL\PMÅ^MaMIZ

KW]Z[M_I[ IL^WKI\MLIVLZMKWUUMVLMLIOIQVJa5WZ\QUMZ +WWTMa _PMV PM

[MZ^MLI[LMIVWN\PM+WTTMOM5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaVW\M[X!

+WWTMaPILTWVOJMMVWN \PM WXQVQWV\PI\\PMZM[PW]TLJMI [Q`aMIZKW]Z[MQV

MVOQVMMZQVO \_WaMIZ[WN _PQKP_W]TLJM LM^W\ML\W \PM\MIKPQVOWN K]T\]ZIT

[]JRMK\[

+PIZTM[-/ZMMVM

1V,M>WT[WV?WWL_ZW\M"

¹1\PQVS_MW]OP\\W[MMSNWZ\PMM[\IJTQ[PUMV\WN INW]Z\PLMXIZ\UMV\QV\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a\WJM

KITTML\PM;KPWWTWN <MKPVWTWOaWZ1VL][\ZQIT;KPWWTWZ;KPWWTWN )Z\[IVL<ZILM[WZ[WUMW\PMZ

[]Q\IJTMVIUM_Q\PQV_PQKP_M[PW]TLWZOIVQbMIL^IVKMLKW]Z[M[QV/MVMZIT;KQMVKMKW]Z[M[

QV<MKPVQKIT+PMUQ[\Za+W]Z[M[QV-VOQVMMZQVOIVL)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM<WIKKWUXTQ[P\PQ[ZMY]QZM[

UWZMUMIV[\PIV\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aPI[I\Q\[KWUUIVLIVLPMVKMIVIXXMIT[PW]TLJMUILM\W\PM

KQ\QbMV[WN \PM;\I\M\WMVLW_[]KPI[KPWWTWZMVLW_XZWNM[[WZ[PQX[WZMZMK\IJ]QTLQVOWZ\W

  N]ZVQ[P IXXIZI\][# IVLQN \PQ[ LWM[VW\ []KKMMLIV IXXMIT[PW]TLJM UILM\W \PM;\I\M NWZ\PM

[IUMWJRMK\\Z][\QVO\PI\NZWUWVMWZJW\P[W]ZKM[\PMVMKM[[IZaUMIV[UQOP\JM[MK]ZML\WMVIJTM

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a\WLM^MTWX[]KPI LMXIZ\UMV\I[\WLW KZMLQ\\WQ\[MTN IVLUMM\\PMLMUIVL[WN \PM

\QUM[º5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaVW\M[X

1V!-VOQVMMZQVO_I[ [MXIZI\MLNZWU\PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN 4Q\MZI\]ZM;KQMVKM

IVL\PM)Z\[IVLJMKIUMIVQVLMXMVLMV\LMXIZ\UMV\.WZITWVO\QUM\PMUIQV

LQ^Q[QWV[WN\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a_MZMKITTML¹,MXIZ\UMV\[ºLQ[\QVO]Q[PMLQVTI\MZaMIZ[

NZWU\PMQZ[]JLQ^Q[QWV[WVTaJa\PMKIXQ\ITQbI\QWVWN \PM¹Lº

+PIZTM[/ZMMVMIVL5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa_MZMZMT]K\IV\[]XXWZ\MZ[WN \PM[MXIZI\QWV

WN \PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN -VOQVMMZQVONZWU\PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN 4Q\MZI\]ZM;KQMVKM

IVL\PM)Z\[JMTQM^QVO\PI\\PMMVOQVMMZ¼[ML]KI\QWV[PW]TLJMI[JZWILI[XW[

[QJTMIVL\PI\QV[MXIZI\QWV\PM\MVLMVKa_W]TLJM\WVIZZW_Q\

1V)XZQTWN !\PM:MOMV\[ZM[WT^ML\PI\¹) ;KPWWTWN <MKPVWTWOaJMWZ OIVQbMLKWU

 XZQ[QVO \PM,MXIZ\UMV\[ WN +Q^Q T5MKPIVQKIT IVL-TMK\ZQKIT-VOQVMMZQVO IVL \PI\ 8ZWNM[[WZ

+PIZTM[-/ZMMVMJMIXXWQV\ML,MIVº 

1V2IV]IZa!\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aILWX\ML\PMVWUMVKTI\]ZMJI[MLWV[\IVLIZL[IX

XZW MLJa\PM)[[WKQI\QWVWN )UMZQKIV=VQ^MZ[Q\QM[\PM6I\QWVIT)[[WKQI\QWVWN

;\I\M=VQ^MZ[Q\QM[IVL\PM+IZVMOQM.W]VLI\QWVNWZ\PM)L^IVKMUMV\WN <MIKP

QVO <PW[M]VQ\[WN \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a_PQKPILUQ\\ML[\]LMV\[LQZMK\TaNZWUPQOP

[KPWWT[IVLXZMXIZI\WZa[KPWWT[_MZMLM[QOVI\MLI[¹+WTTMOM[º_PQTM\PM]VQ\[

_PQKP ZMY]QZM[WUMKWTTMOQI\M_WZSJMNWZMILUQ[[QWV _MZM TIJMTTML¹;KPWWT[º

+WV[Q[\MV\_Q\P \PQ[XZIK\QKM\ PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN -VOQVMMZQVO _I[ZMVIUML\ PM

+WTTMOMWN-VOQVMMZQVOQV!  5QKPQOIV )T]UV][!X

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 35/108

0MZJMZ\+PIZTM[;ILTMZ

!

1V 8ZM[QLMV\ )VOMTT¼[ ZMXWZ\ WN 7K\WJMZ ! PM

VW\ML"

¹<PM-VOQVMMZQVO,MXIZ\UMV\_PQKPQ[ZMKMQ^QVO\PQ[aMIZI

\PQZLUWZM[\]LMV\[\PIVQ\PILTI[\aMIZU][\PI^MUWZMZWWU

I\WVKMº 

<PM MVOQVMMZQVO J]QTLQVO[ QV ! QVKT]LML \PM

-VOQVMMZQVO *]QTLQVO IVL \PM -VOQVMMZQVO ;PWX[

+TI[[M[_MZMIT[WPMTL QV\PM 8Pa[QK[*]QTLQVOIVL

\PM +PMUQKIT 4IJWZI\WZa -VOQVMMZ[ \WWS \PMQZ

P]UIVQ\QM[KW]Z[M[_Q\P\PMQZNMTTW_[\]LMV\[QV\PM

,MXIZ\UMV\ WN 4Q\MZI\]ZM;KQMVKMIVL \PM)Z\[QV

=VQ^MZ[Q\a0ITTIVL<IXXIV0ITT

5):16--6/16--:16/

6)>)4):+01<-+<=:-

0MZJMZ\;ILTMZ_I[JWZV QV4WVLWVQV 0M

[\]LQMLI\\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN/TI[OW_1V\PM[]UUMZ

WN ! PMJMKIUM IVIXXZMV\QKMQV \PM ÅZUWN

) 21VOTQ[ -VOQVMMZ[ IVL;PQXJ]QTLMZ[ )N\MZ

OZIL]I\QWVPMKWUXTM\MLPQ[IXXZMV\QKM[PQXQV\PMQZ

LZIN\QVO[PWX0M_I[MUXTWaMLQV\PI\KIXIKQ\a]V\QT

!_PMVPM_I[IXXWQV\ML)[[Q[\IV\8ZWNM[[WZWN

6I^IT)ZKPQ\MK\]ZMI\/TI[OW_=VQ^MZ[Q\a

1V\PMNITTWN!_PMV\PM=VQ MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIV

QVI]O]ZI\MLIZMO]TIZKW]Z[MQV6I^IT)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM

IVL-VOQVMMZQVO;ILTMZ_I[KPW[MV\W\ISMKPIZOM

WN \PQ[VM_LMXIZ\UMV\

8ZWNM[[ WZ ;ILT MZ []XMZ^Q[M L \PM LM[QOV IVL

KWV[ \Z]K\QWV WN \PM 6I^IT <IVS QV \PM 6M_

-VOQVMMZQVO *]QTLQVO 0M IT[W LM[QOVML UIVa

NIUW][ /ZMI\ 4ISM[ ^M[[MT[ IVL V]UMZW][ NMZZa

JWI\[ 0MPILIOZMI\QV\MZM[\QVaIKP\QVOIVLPM

LM[QOVMLIV]UJMZWN XTMI[]ZMKZIN\I[_MTTI[UW\WZ

JWI\[

7V7K\WJMZ!,MIV+PIZTM[/ZMMVMLQML

+PIZTM[+ *ZW_V [IQL QVI UMUWZQIT \W+PIZTM[

/ZMMVM"

¹<PMOZMI\_WZS[[PITTXI[[I_Ia-^MV[WMVL]ZQVOUWV]

UMV\[I[\PMXaZIUQL[IZMXI[[QVOI_Ia6WWVMPW_M^MZKIV

[Ia\PI\\PM_WZSWN []KPIUIVI[\PQ[LM^W\ML\MIKPMZPI[

IVMVL1V\W\PMTQ^M[WN \PW[MPMPI[\I]OP\PI^MJMMVJ]QT\

UW\Q^M[QVÆ]MVKM[QVI_WZLKPIZIK\MZ\PI\_QTTOWWV<PM

UMV\PMaPI^MPMTXML\WUISM[PITTOWWVLWQVO\PMQZXIZ\QV\PM

UISQVOWN W\PMZUMVIVL ZMIKP\PZW]OP\PM[MKPIVVMT[\WLQ [

\IV\OMVMZI\QWV[;WPI[\PQ[UIVJ]QT\VW\QV[\MMTVWZ[\WVM

J]\QVP]UIVTQ^M[º  5QKPQOIV )T]UV][2]Ta!

<PM ZIXQL M`XIV[QWV WN [PQXXQVO WV \PM /ZMI\

4ISM[ KW]XTML _Q\P \PM QVKZMI[QVOTa [WXPQ[\QKI\ML

\MKPVWTWOa KPIZIK\MZQbQVO TIZOMZ IVL NI[\MZ [PQX[

KZMI\MLI LMUIVL NWZ\MKPVQKITTa \ZIQVMLLM[QOVMZ[

IVLMVOQVMMZ[QV\PMUIZQVMÅMTL

1V!\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aM[\IJTQ[PMLI,MXIZ\UMV\WN

5IZQVM-VOQVMMZQVOIVL6I^IT)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM

)T\PW]OP[WUMQV[\Z]K\QWVQVVI^ITIZKPQ\MK\]ZMPIL

JMMV OQ^MV I[MIZTaI[ VW\IJTa Ja5WZ\QUMZ

+WWTMa QV KW]Z[M[ []KP I[ 6I IT )ZKPQ\MK\]ZM

5IZQVM -VOQVM[ IVL ;PQX *]QTLQVO \PM VM_

LMXIZ\UMV\LMKQLML\WILWX\QV[\MILIVMV\QZMTaVM_

K]ZZQK]T]U XI\\MZVML IN\MZ\PI\ LM^MTWXML Ja \PM

=VQ MZ[Q\a WN /TI[OW_ \PMV I TMILQVO XZWOZIU QV

VI^ITIZKPQ\MK\]ZM1V!!\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aZMY]M[\ML

IVLWJ\IQVMLIVIXXZWXZQI\QWV\WM[\IJTQ[P\PMVM_

XZWOZIU

1V ! 0MZJMZ \ ;ILT MZ *; /TI[OW_ _I[

IXXWQV\ML 2]VQWZ 8ZWNM[[WZ WN 6I IT )ZKPQ\MK\]ZM

IVLQV!IK]ZZQK]T]U_I[M[\IJTQ[PMLTMILQVO\W

ILMOZMMQV 5IZQVM-VOQVMMZQVO <PMLMXIZ\UMV\

\ZIQVML[\]LMV\[QV \PMLM[QOVIVL KWV[\Z]K\QWV WN

[PQX[ IVL WN UIKPQVMZa NWZ [PQX[ <ZIQVQVO _I[

IT[WWNNMZML\W\PW[M_PW_Q[PML\WMV\MZ\PMÅMTLWN

_I\MZ\ZIV[XWZ\I\QWV<PMÅZ[\LMOZMM_I[KWVNMZZML

QV!

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 36/108

5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa

!5WZ\QUMZ +WWTMa []KKMMLML +PIZTM[ /ZMMVM I[

,MIVWN -VOQVMMZQVOQV!+WWTMa_I[\PMSMa

XTIaMZQV\PMZIXQLXZWOZM[[WN \PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQ

VMMZQVOL]ZQVO\PMMIZTaLMKILM[WN \PM \P+MV

\]Za,]ZQVO+WWTMa¼[\MV]ZMI\5QKPQOIVJW\PI[I

NIK]T\aUMUJMZIVL \PMV LMIV MVZWTTUMV\[QV\PM

+WTTMOMOZM_NZWUTM[[\PIV\WUWZM\PIV

\PM NIK]T\a NZWU \PZMM QV[\Z]K\WZ[ \MIKPQVO [M MZIT

KW]Z[M[\WUWZM\PIVXZWNM[[WZ[IVL[\INN \MIKP

QVOP]VLZML[WN KW]Z[M[IVL I\MUXWZIZa[PWXWN

[Y]IZMNMM\\WW^MZ[Y]IZMNMM\WN_MTT

MY]QXXMLJ]QTLQVO[

1V!I[\PMVMMLNWZILLQ\QWVITNIKQTQ\QM[JMKIUM

IXXIZMV\ QV \PM NIKM WN M`XIVLQVO MVZWTTUMV\[

+PIZTM[/ZMMVM\PM,MIVWN \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\_I[

I[SML\WLZI_]XXTIV[NWZIVM_J]QTLQVO0M[]O

OM[\ML I [UITT =[PIXML [\Z]K\]ZM KW[\QVO IJW]\

0W_M^MZJMNWZMPQ[XTIV[KW]TLJMIK\ML

]XWVPMLQMLIVL_I[[]KKMMLMLJa5WZ\QUMZ+WWT

Ma5MZMTaI[IUI\\MZWN NWZU+WWTMa_I[ I[SMLPQ[

[\IVLWV\PMJ]QTLQVOXZWOZIU0MZMXTQML"

¹/MV\TMUMVQN aW]KW]TLJ]\[MM\PMW\PMZMVOQVMMZQVOKWTTM OM[

_Q\P_PQKP_MIZMNWZKML\WKWUXM\MaW]_W]TLVW\PM[Q\I\MNWZ

WVMUWUMV\\WIXXZWXZQI\MIY]IZ\MZWN IUQTTQWVLWTTIZ[º 

<PMaLQL<PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO_I[\PM

ZM[]T\  5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK,MKMUJMZ!!

,MIV5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa¼[7NÅKMQV

\PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO 

,-)657:<15-:+774-A

,MIV5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa+WUUMVKMUMV\5IZ[PITT

/W^MZVWZ7[JWZVMTMN\8ZM[QLMV\0]\KPQV[KMV\MZ

IVL5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaQVIKILMUQKOW_V

+WWTMa _I[ M KMX\QWVITTa IK\Q M JW\P _Q\PQV IVL

M`\MZVIT\W \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a 0M_I[ TWVO\PM /ZIVL

5IZ[PITTNWZ=VQ^MZ[Q\aKWUUMVKMUMV\[0M[MZ^ML

\PMKQ\aWN )VV)ZJWZQVUIVa_Ia[ÅZ[\I[IUMUJMZ

WN \PM*WIZLWN .QZM+WUUQ[[QWVMZ[!\PMVI[

8ZM[QLMV\WN \PM+Q\a+W]VKQTQV!IVL!IV

MTMK\MLWNÅKMIVLI[5IaWZWN )VV)ZJWZQV!

1V!PMZIVI[\PM,MUWKZI\QKKIVLQLI\MNWZ\PM=VQ\ML;\I\M[;MVI\MWXXW[QVO\PMQVK]UJMV\2IUM[

+W]bMV[

¹+WWTMa_I[IT[WI NI^WZQ\MWN [\]LMV\[IVLIT]UVQ)T]UVQ

_W]TLZM\]ZV\WPQ[WNÅKMMIKPaMIZ\WJMOZMM\MLJaIOMVQIT

[UQTMIKQOIZIVL IKPI\ QVWVM WN \PW[M MI[aKPIQZ[_PQKP

_Q\PXQK\]ZM[XIZ\WNPQ[NIUW][7ZQMV\ITZ]OKWTTMK\QWVIVL\PM

[W]^MVQZ[WN PQ[\ZI^MT[UILM\PM,MIV¼[TIZOMXIVMTMLWNÅKMI

 XTIKMWN JMI]\aº   5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK5IZKP!

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 37/108

<PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO 

!

1V!KWV[\Z]K\QWVJMOIVWV\PMNW]Z[\WZQML[\Z]K\]ZMSVW_VNWZaMIZ[I[\PM

6M_-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVOIVLTI\MZZMVIUML?M[\-VOQVMMZQVO<PMJ]QTLQVO

_I[KWUXTM\MLQV!IVLWXMVMLNWZKTI[[M[QV\PMNITTWN !

<PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO_I[XTIVVMLNWZ[\]LMV\[ *a\PM\QUM\PM

J]QTLQVOWXMVML\PMZM_MZM[\]LMV\[IVL\PMVM_NIKQTQ\a_I[ITUW[\QUUM

LQI\MTaW^MZKZW_LML

1V!\PM*]QTLQVO_I[M`\MVLMLWVMP]VLZMLNMM\W MZ\PM6I^IT<IVSI[_I[XZW QLMLQV \PMWZQOQVITXTIV[ <PM6I^IT<IVSJ]QT\QV\PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO

*]QTLQVOQV!_I[\PMWVTaWVMQV\PQ[KW]V\Za_Q\P\PMM KMX\QWVWN \PMOW^

MZVUMV\¼[\IVSQV?I[PQVO\WV,+-Y]QXUMV\_I[I IQTIJTMNWZ[\]LQM[ZMTI\QVO

\W[PQXZM[Q[\IVKM[PITTW__I\MZMNNMK\[\ZMIUTQVMÆW__I^MXZWÅTM[_ISMIVL

ZWTTQVOI[_MTTI[IUWLMTZWWUIVL_WZS[PWXNWZUISQVOUWLMT[WN ^M[[MT[

)ZKPQ\MK\]ZIT,ZI_QVOWN \PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO 

<PM6I^IT<W_QVO<IVS 

<0-6-?-6/16--:16/*=14,16/

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 38/108

6M_-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO+W]Z\aIZL

<PM)ZKP_I[VIUML¹<PM,MVQ[WV)ZKP_Iaº

TI\MZSVW_VI[\PM¹-VOQVMMZQVO)ZKPº

+PIZTM[;QUMWV,MVQ[WV

5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaIT[WKWUUMV\MLNWVLTaWV+PIZTM[

,MVQ[WV"

¹+PIZTM[,MVQ[WV¼[VQKSVIUM_I[»4Q\\TM4WZL +PM[\MZÅMTL¼

  NWZPM_I[ \PM*MI]*Z]UUMT WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a0Q[[TQOP\T a

K]ZTaPIQZUI\KPML\PM[PQVMWVPQ[JWW\[0Q[\QM[UI\KPMLPQ[

[WKS[ 0Q[_IZLZWJMKWV\IQVML]VV]UJMZML []Q\[WN KTW\PM[

IVLW^MZKWI\[NWZITTSQVL[WN _MI\PMZ<PMKWTTIZ[WN [WUMWN PQ[\WXKWI\[_MZMWN M`XMV[Q^MN]Z0MPILITTSQVL[WN PIJMZ

LI[PMZaQVKT]LQVOUWZM\PIVNWZ\a[PQZ\[0MLQLVW\PI^M\PM[M

TI]VLMZMLQV)VV)ZJWZJ]\[MV\\PMUMIKPUWV\P\W+PQKIOW

  NWZ»XZWXMZ¼TI]VLMZQVOº ;KQMV\QÅK*TIKS[UQ\PX!

&KDUOHV'HQLVRQ·V&ODVVURRPV

! 8ZWNM[[WZ,MVQ[WV_I[TW^MLIVLZM[XMK\MLJaJW\P

[\]LMV\[ IVL NIK]T\a 8ZM[QLMV\)VOMTT[IQL WN PQ[

OWWLNZQMVLI\\PM\QUMWNPQ[LMI\P"

¹0M_I[IOWWLUIVIVLPMKIUMWNITWVOTQVMWN OWWLUMV

<PMNIUQTa\ZIKM[Q\[TQVMIOMNZWU)V\MVWZ3QVOWN \PM+QUJZQ

WN \PM<ZWRIVVWJQTQ\aJWZVIJW]\!*+ LW_V\PZW]OP

+PIZTMUIOVMIVLIZWaITTQVM\W+IX\IQV/MWZOM,MVQ[WVWN

;\WVQVO\WV+WVVMK\QK]\_PWKIUM\W)UMZQKIQVIVL

_PWIKPQM^MLLQ[\QVK\QWVNWZ [MZ^QKM[ZMVLMZML QV+ZWU_MTT¼[

IZUaIVL QVW]Z W_V1VLQIV_IZ[º   5QKPQOIV <MKPVQK

5Ia!

)\\PMKTW[MWN ,MVQ[WV¼[ÅZ[\aMIZI\5QKPQOIVPM_I[

MVOIOML_Q\P:WTTQV2:MM^M[\W[]Z^Ma\PMJW]VLIZa

TQVMJM\_MMV\PM\MZZQ\WZQM[WN1LIPWIVL?I[PQVO\WV

NZWU\PM;VISM:Q^MZVWZ\P\W\PMVI\QWVITJW]VLIZa

<PQ[XZW^ML\WJMI^MZaPIbIZLW][]VLMZ\ISQVOIVL

VMIZTaKW[\\PMMV\QZMXIZ\a\PMQZTQ^M[

+0):4-;,-61;76

-6/16--:16/,:)?16/

<PM NIUW][ ¹-VOQVMMZQVO )ZKPº QV \PM 6M_

-VOQVMMZQVO *]QTLQVO _I[ \PM KWV\ZQJ]\QWV WN

IVW\PMZ MVOQVMMZQVO XZWNM[[WZ +PIZTM[ ,MVQ[WV

?PMVPMTMIZVML\PI\\PMZM_I[I[MZQW][XZWJTMU

WN PW_ \WLM[QOV \PM J]QTLQVO_Q\PW]\ QV\MZNMZQVO

_Q\P\PMLQIOWVIT_ITSWN \PMKIUX][PMXZMXIZMLI

[SM\KP[PW_QVO\PMLQIOWVIT_ITSXI[[QVO\PZW]OPIV

IZKP_IaQV\PMJ]QTLQVO

8ZWNM[[WZ,MVQ[WV¹,MVVaº\WPQ[[\]LMV\[ ¹_W]TL

 OWIZW]VL\PMNZMMPIVLLZI_QVOZWWUQV[XMK\QVO\PMLZI_QVO[

 0M_W]TL[\WXI\ILM[STWWS\PM_WZSW^MZIVL[IaQVI^WQKM

\WJMPMIZLJaITT»>MZaOWWL^MZaOWWL¼0M_W]TL\PMV\ISM

\PM[\]LMV\¼[XMVKQTIVLJMOQVKPIVOQVOITQVMPMZMIVL\PMZM

KITTQVOW]\\PMKPIVOM[I[\PMa_MZMUILM]V\QT\PMLZI_QVO

PIL\ISMVWVIVMV\QZMTaVM_IVLKWZZMK\NWZUº 0MZJMZ\2

/W]TLQVO!M  5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK6W^!X

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 39/108

;]Z^MaQVOKWV[\Q\]\MLI TIZOMXIZ\WN \PMMIZTaMVOQVMMZQVOK]ZZQK]T]UI\5QKPQOIVIVLPILJMMV\I]OP\

KWV\QV]W][TaNZWU\PMJMOQVVQVO<PM,MXIZ\UMV\

WN /MWLM[aIVL;]Z MaQVOJMKIUMINWZUITIKILMU

QK]VQ\WNNMZQVOILMOZMMQV!IVL\PMÅZ[\LMOZMM

_I[KWVNMZZMLQV ! <PMLMXIZ\UMV\TQSM\PI\

WN KQ^QT MVOQVMMZQVO_I[ ]VLMZ \PM[]XMZ^Q[QWV WN

?QVKPMTT8MKS?WWLIVL/ZMMVM=XWV/ZMMVM¼[

LMI\P2W[MXP*ISMZ,I^Q[_I[X]\QVKPIZOM

)[MIZTaI[I[IVQV[\Z]K\WZ,I^Q[PILWZOI

VQbMLIKIUXNWZÅMTL_WZSQV[]Z^MaQVO<PQ[_I[

\PMÅZ[\[]Z^MaQVOKIUXNWZÅMTL_WZSQV\PMVI\QWV1\_I[WZOIVQbMLI\?PQ\UWZM4ISM_PMVQ\_I[I

NW]Z_MMSKW]Z[M<PMKIUX_I[TI\MZUW^MLNZWU

XTIKM\WXTIKMMIKPaMIZ

1V\PM[]UUMZWN !\PZW]OP\PMMNNWZ\[WN 8ZW

NM[[WZ,I^Q[IVLQVXIZ\JaIOQN\NZWU+WTWVMTIVL

5Z[ +PIZTM[*WOIZL][ WN 8MTT[\WV \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

IKY]QZMLIKZM[WN TIVLWV,W]OTI[4ISM\P][

OQ^QVO\PMKIUXIXMZUIVMV\PWUM1\_I[VIUML

+IUX,I^Q[

;QVKM! I_MMSTaXIXMZ¹+IUX,I^Q[*TIKS.Taº PI[JMMVX]JTQ[PML

+IUX,I^Q[TM\\MZPMILJMIZ[\PMNWTTW_QVOTMOMVL"

¹)KIUXNWZ[]Z^MaQVO<PMÅZ[\WN Q\[SQVL-[\IJTQ[PMLQV

º 

!;]Z^MaQVO+TI[[

;=:>-A16/

+IUX,I^Q[

,W]OTI[4ISM8MTT[\WV5QKPQOIV

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 40/108

 

 2W[MXP,I Q[

)L^QKM\W-VOQVMMZ[

¹AW]VOUIVQN M^MZIVaY]M[\QWVIZQ[M[I[JM\_MMV\PM

][MWN \PMWZaIVLaW]ZPWZ[M[MV[M\Z][\aW]ZPWZ[M[MV[Mº

?WUMVI\+IUX,I^Q[!

+IUX,I^Q[KWWS[

)JWI\WV,W]OTI[4ISMI\+IUX,I^Q[

+IUX,I^Q[

 2IKS[WV0WTM?aWUQVO 

8ZWNM[[WZIVL5Z[,I^Q[

)^Q[Q\\WWVMWN \PMMIZTaKIUX[_W]TLPI MNW]VL

IVMV\P][QI[\QKOZW]XWN [\]LMV\[_WZSQVO]VLMZ\PM

LQZMK\QWVWN 8ZWNM[[WZ,I^Q[ 0M_I[NI\PMZWN \PM

+IUX5Z[,I^Q[_I[OMVMZITTaXZM[MV\;PM_I[

\PMV]Z[MIVL\PMUW\PMZWN \PMMIZTaKIUX[

1V!IKWVKZM\MIVL[\MMTSQ\KPMVIVLKWUXTM\M

[IVQ\IZa[a[\MU_MZMXZW^QLML-TMK\ZQKTQOP\QVO_I[

QV[\ITTMLIVL\PM\MV\[_MZMZMXTIKMLJa[\MMTJ]QTL

QVO[ 5]KPWN \PMTIJWZ_I[LWVMJa\PM[\]LMV\[

IVL\MIKPQVO[\INN

1V.MJZ]IZa!!\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aIKY]QZMLIVM_[Q\M

TWKI\MLI\2IKS[WV0WTM?aWUQVOUQTM[[W]\PWNAMTTW_[\WVM8IZS<PMKIUXPILXMZUIVMV\J]QTL

QVO[ QVKT]LQVO ZM[QLMVKM[ LQVQVO ZWWU SQ\KPMV

SMMXMZ¼[ ZM[QLMVKM QV[\Z]UMV\ ZWWU [PWX IVL

OIZIOM<PMKW]Z[M_I[NWZMQOP\_MMS[WN Å^MIVL

WVMPITN LIa[ MIKP _MMS IVLXZW^QLMLMQOP\PW]Z[

WN KZMLQ\QV[]Z^MaQVO<PMKW[\\W MIKP[\]LMV\_I[

IJW]\NWZ\PM[]UUMZQVKT]LQVO\]Q\QWVJWIZL

IVL\ZIV[XWZ\I\QWV

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 41/108

 

!

7^MZ\PMaMIZ[\PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN ;]Z^MaQVO_I[PW][MLQVI IZQM\aWN TWKI\QWV[

WVKIUX][1\PILIT_Ia[PIL\MUXWZIZaY]IZ\MZ[?PMV\PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO

*]QTLQVO_I[KWUXTM\ML\PMLMXIZ\UMV\_I[UW^ML\PMZM<PMJ]QTLQVOXTIVVML

NWZ[\]LMV\ [PILJMKWUM[WKZW_LML\PI\Ja!\PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN ;]Z^Ma

QVOKW]TLVWTWVOMZJMPW][ML\PMZM

<PMLMXIZ\UMV\ÅVITTaOW\Q\[W_VNIKQTQ\aITTJMQ\IPIVLUMLW_VJ]QTLQVO1V

I\MUXWZIZaJ]QTLQVO\WJM][MLI[IPW[XQ\IT_I[KWV[\Z]K\MLI\\PMJIKSWN\PMMI[\8ZWNM[[WZ[¼0W][MWV6WZ\P=VQ^MZ[Q\a1\_I[KITTML\PM8I^QTQWV0W[

XQ\IT1\_I[ M[\QUI\ML\PI\\PMJ]QTLQVO_W]TL JM][MLNWZI XMZQWLWN Å^MaMIZ[

IVL\PMV\WZVLW_V<PMPW[XQ\ITPW_M^MZ_I[][ML]V\QT!_PMV\PM,MV\IT

;KPWWTUW^MLQVIVLZMUIQVML]V\QT!_PMV\PMaUW^MLQV\W\PMQZVM_J]QTL

QVOIKZW[[\PM[\ZMM\WV6WZ\P=VQ MZ[Q\a

1V!\PMJ]QTLQVO_I[ZMUW^ML\WUISM_IaNWZ\PMVM_+PMUQ[\Za*]QTLQVO

1\_I[UW MLVWZ\PWN \PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVOIVL_I[WKK]XQMLJa\PM

,MXIZ\UMV\WN;]Z^MaQVO]V\QT2]VM!

;]Z^MaQVO*]QTLQVO 

NWZUMZTa\PM8I^QTQWV0W[XQ\IT

1\_I[Z]UWZML\PI\\PMJ]QTLQVOTW[\[WUMXIZ\[IVLOIQVMLW\PMZ[QVQ\[RW]ZVMa

IKZW[[\PMKIUX][IVL\PI\_PMVQ\_I[ÅVITTaX]\QVXTIKMWV\PMVM_[Q\MQ\[

OMVMZITIXXMIZIVKMPILKPIVOMLQV[WUMLM\IQT[

<PMJ]QTLQVOPILIT_Ia[WNNMZMLIPIXPIbIZLIZZIVOMUMV\WNZWWU[IVLOMVMZIT

LM[QOV8ZWNM[[WZ,I^Q[_I[IJTM\WPI M[WUMWNPQ[XMZ[WVITQLMI[QVKWZXWZI\ML

QV\PMXTIV[NWZZMKWV[\Z]K\QWV?PMVPM_I[QVNWZUMLJaM`XMZ\[QVPMI\QVOIVL

 ^MV\QTI\QVO\PI\ [\MIUZILQI\WZ[ [PW]TLJM XTIKMLWV \PM ÆWWZVW\ NIZ NZWU\PM_QVLW_[PM\WTL\PMU¹?PMV\PM4WZLKZMI\ML\PMMIZ\P0MXTIKML\PMPMI\QVO

XTIV\W^MZPMILº)KKWZLQVOTa\PMKWQT[WN [\MIUXQXM_PQKP_MZM[]J[\Q\]\MLNWZ

KI[\ZILQI\WZ[_MZMXTIKMLVMIZ\PMKMQTQVO  5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK5Ia!!X!

<PM;]Z^MaQVO,MXIZ\UMV\ZMUIQVMLQV\PM8I^QTQWV0W[XQ\ITNWZ\MVaMIZ[)N\MZ

\PI\\PM,MXIZ\UMV\\WWS]XZM[QLMVKaQV\PMVM_6I\]ZIT;KQMVKM[*]QTLQVO

<PM8I^QTQWV0W[XQ\IT

6WZ\P=VQ^MZ[Q\a

,ZI_QVO[PW_[\PMTWKI\QWVWN \PM;]Z^MaQVO*]QTLQVO

IVLXZWXW[MLM`XIV[QWVWN \PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO 

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 42/108

 

1V ! .ZMVKP WZ /MZUIV ZMXTIKML 4I\QV I[ I

ZMY]QZMUMV\NWZILUQ[[QWVNWZMVOQVMMZQVO[\]LMV\[

IVLQ\JMKIUMIZMY]QZMUMV\QV!

5WZ\QUMZ +WWTMa NMT\ \PI\ I OWWL SVW_TMLOM WN

.ZMVKP IVL/MZUIV _I[[W PMTXN]T\W \PMIKKWUXTQ[PML MVOQVMMZ WN \PM \QUM \PI\ Q\ _I[ _Q[M \W

MVKW]ZIOM\PM[\]LMV\[\WOM\IOWWLZMILQVOSVW_T

MLOMWN \PM[MTIVO]IOM[MIZTaQVPQ[KW]Z[M

<PMZMY]QZMUMV\WN I NWZMQOVTIVO]IOMIVL[XMKQIT

\ZIQVQVO QV -VOTQ[P TML \W \PM M[\IJTQ[PUMV\ WN

[MXIZI\M LMXIZ\UMV\[ WN 5WLMZV 4IVO]IOM[ IVL

-VOTQ[P\W [MZ M\PMVMML[WN MVOQVMMZQVO[\]LMV\[

5I\PMUI\QK[KW]Z[M[_MZMIT[WLM^MTWXML[XMKQÅKITTa

NWZ MVOQVMMZQVO [\]LMV\[ IT\PW]OP \PQ[ _I[ VW\

NWZUITQbMLJaILMXIZ\UMV\

5QKPQOIVZMY]QZML Q\[ MVOQVMMZQVOIVL IZKPQ\MK\]ZM

[\]LMV\[\W\ISMINW]ZPW]ZKW]Z[MQV\PMUM_ZQ\QVO

IVL WZIT M`XZM[[QWV QV \PMQZ NZM[PUIV aMIZ <PM

-VOQVMMZQVO -VOTQ[P ,MXIZ\UMV\ IT[W WNNMZML

\_WPW]Z KW]Z[M[ WV IV MTMK\Q M JI[Q[ QV []JRMK\[

[]KP I[ ¹:MXWZ\ ?ZQ\QVOº ¹8]JTQK ;XMISQVO NWZ

-VOQVMMZ[º¹+WV\MUXWZIZa,ZIUIº¹<PM6W^MTº

IVL¹<PM;PWZ\;\WZaº)T\PW]OP\PMXZWNM[[MLIQU

_I[\WM`XIVL\PMK]T\]ZITML]KI\QWVWN MVOQVMMZQVO

[\]LMV\[QVZMITQ\a\PMXZWOZIU\MVLML\WPI^MINWK][

QV \MKPVQKIT KWUU]VQKI\QWV ZI\PMZ \PIV JZWILMZ

TQJMZIT[\]LQM[WNNMZMLJa\PM4Q\MZIZa+WTTMOM

27+(581,9(56,7<352*5$0667$57(',1(1*,1((5,1*

<PM+WTTMOMWN-VOQVMMZQVOPI[XTIaMLIXIZ\QK]TIZTa

QUXWZ\IV\ZWTMQV\PMPQ[\WZaWN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a.ZWU

Q\[MIZTQM[\LIa[I[\PM\PQZLLMOZMMXZWOZIUWNNMZML

Ja\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aIN\MZ4;)IVL5MLQKQVMQ\PI[

MVZWTTML ZW]OPTa WVMY]IZ\MZ WN \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a¼[

[\]LMV\[

*W\P\PMXZWOZIU[QVIZKPQ\MK\]ZMIVLIZ\_MZMÅZ[\

LM^MTWXML _Q\PQV \PM +WTTMOM ! IVL LQL VW\

JMKWUM QVLMXMVLMV\ [KPWWT[]V\QT! IVL!

ZM[XMK\Q MTa ;QUQTIZTa \PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVO

XTIaMLIUIRWZZWTMQV\PMLM^MTWXUMV\WN XZWOZIU[

QV UI\PMUI\QK[ ÅVITTa UMZOQVO Q\[ UI\PMUI\QK[

K]ZZQK]T]U_Q\P \PI\WN 4;)QV ! <PM=VQ

 ^MZ[Q\a¼[UWLMZVTIVO]IOM[XZWOZIU[IT[W\ZIKM\PMQZ

JMOQVVQVO\WQV[\Z]K\QWVQV \PM+WTTMOMQV /MZUIV

IVL.ZMVKPTI\MZRWQVML_Q\P\PM4;)KW]V\MZXIZ\[

QV!!8]JTQK0MIT\PKIVJM\ZIKML\WMIZTaQV[\Z]K\QWVWNNMZMLJa-VOQVMMZQVOIVL5MLQKQVMQVX]JTQK

PMIT\PMVOQVMMZQVOIVL TI\MZ I XZWOZIUTMILQVO\W

\PMLMOZMMWN LWK\WZWN X]JTQKPMIT\PQV!<PM

+WTTMOMM^MVXIZ\VMZML_Q\P \PM;KPWWT WN .WZM[\Za

IVL+WV[MZ^I\QWVQV LM MTWXQVO RWQV\XZWOZIU[ QV

_WWL\MKPVWTWOa

):+01<-+<=:-)6,,-;1/6

?QTTQIU4M*IZWV 2MVVMa +- -KWTM+MV\ZITM LM[

)Z\[M\5IV]NIK\]ZM[8IZQ[INIUW][IZKPQ

\MK\NZWU+PQKIOW_I[IXXWQV\ML8ZWNM[[WZWN )ZKPQ

\MK\]ZMIVL,M[QOVQV2MVVMa_I[\PMQV^MV\WZ

WN [SMTM\WVKWV[\Z]K\QWVNWZTIZOMJ]QTLQVO[1V

\PM4MOQ[TI\]ZMNIQTML\WZMVM_\PMIXXZWXZQI\QWVIVL

\PM [KPWWT WN IZKPQ\MK\]ZM IVL LM[QOV KIUM \WIV

MIZTaLMI\P2MVVMaZM\]ZVML\W+PQKIOW)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM;\]LMV\[

1V ! \PMZM _I[ WVKM IOIQV I [\ZWVO QV\MZM[\

QV M [\IJT Q[ PQVO IV IZKPQ\MK\]ZM XZWOZIU I\

5QKPQOIV IVL \PM UI\\MZ _I[ ZMNMZZML NWZ [\]La

\W IV MVOQVMMZQVO NIK]T\a KWUUQ\\MM 1V ! I

XZWNM[[WZ[PQXQVIZKPQ\MK\]ZM_I[KZMI\MLIVLQV!

\PM-VOQVMMZQVONIK]T\aLM^MTWXMLIK]ZZQK]T]UNWZILMOZMMQVIZKPQ\MK\]ZMIVLIZKPQ\MK\]ZITMVOQVMMZQVO

_PQKP_I[X]JTQ[PMLQV\PM!KI\ITWO

1V ! -UQT 4WZKP _I[ IXXWQV\ML I[ 8ZWNM[[WZ

WN )ZKPQ\MK\]ZM IN\MZ I ZM Y]M[ \ Ja \PM [ \I\M

IZKPQ\MK\[ ;QVKM \PMZM _I[ WVTa WVM XZWNM[[WZ[PQX

QV\PMXZWOZIUITTW\PMZKW]Z[M_WZS_I[\I]OP\Ja

MVOQVMMZQVONIK]T\a)T\PW]OP\PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO

*]QTLQVO_I[ITZMILaW^MZKZW_LMLZWWU_I[UILM

NWZ\PMVM_IZKPQ\MK\]ZMXZWOZIU

8:-;1,-6< )6/-44 :-;1/6;

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 43/108

 

)VV)ZJWZ.MJ!!

<W\PM*WIZLWN :MOMV\["

.W]ZaMIZ[IOW1\MVLMZMLUaZM[QOVI\QWV\WaW]QV\PMJMTQMN \PI\\PMQV\MZM[\WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

_W]TLJM[]J[MZ^MLJa\PMIXXWQV\UMV\\W\PMXZM[QLMVKaWN IaW]VOMZUIVAW]LMKTQVMLQV[]KP

SQVL_WZL[\WIKKMX\UaZM[QOVI\QWV\PI\1PI^MKWV\QV]MLI\UaXW[\IVLZMVLMZML\PMJM[\[MZ^QKMWN _PQKP1_I[KIXIJTM

*]\I[1PI^MVW_XI[[MLUaMQOP\QM\PJQZ\PLIaQ\Q[Å\\QVO\PI\1[PW]TLZMVM_\PM\MVLMZW N

UaZM[QOVI\QWV1\PMZMNWZMLW[W_Q\P\PM]ZOMV\ZMY]M[\\PI\aW]IKKMX\Q\\W\ISMMNNMK\I\\PMMVL

WN \PMIKILMUQKaMIZ

5Ia1\ISM\PQ[WKKI[QWV\WM`XZM[[\WaW]IOIQVUa[QVKMZM\PIVS[NWZITTaW]ZKW]Z\M[aIVL

SQVLVM[[\WUM' 

AW]Z[^MZa\Z]Ta

2IUM[*)VOMTT  

8:-;1,-6<)6/-44:-;1/6;

¹0IZZa0]\KPQV[_I[ITZMILa_MTTSVW_VWV\PMKIUX][_PMVPM_I[MTMK\ML8ZM[QLMV\QV

! 0M _I[I OZIL]I\M WN \PM =VQ^MZ[Q\aPIL [MZ^MLI[ 2Ia8ZWNM[[WZWN 4I_ ]V\QTPM

ZM[QOVML\WWZOIVQbM\PMTI_LMXIZ\UMV\I\+WZ VMTTIVLPILJMMVLMIV WN W]Z4I_,MXIZ\UMV\

  NWZÅN\MMVaMIZ[0MIKKMX\ ML\PMXZM[QLMVKa_Q\PIZM[MZ ^I\QWVQVPQ[ W_VUQVL_PQKPPMVM^MZ

  NWZOW\0M IT_Ia[NMT\ \PI\PQ[_I[\PML]\a WN KIZZ aQVONWZ_IZLI[ \PWZW]OPTaI[ PMKW]TL\PM

IQU[IVLQLMIT[WN 8ZM[QLMV\)VOMTT\W_PWUPM_I[LM^W\ML0M_I[IUIVWN [W]VLR]LOMUMV\IVLOZMI\QV\MOZQ\a0MX]\\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWVIU]KPÅZUMZÅVIVKQITJI[Q[IVLQVOMVMZITOI^M

Q\IVM`KMTTMV\ILUQVQ[\ZI\QWVI\I\QUM_PMV\PQ[_I[OZMI\TaVMMLMLº 5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa

 ;KQMV\QÅK*TIKS[UQ\PX

0IZZa 0]\KPQV[[MZ ML I[ IK\QVO 8ZM[QLMV\ NZWU !!! IVL _I[ VIUML

8ZM[QLMV\QV!0M[MZ^ML]V\QT!

!

0IZZa*]ZV[0]\KPQV[

!!

8ZM[QLMV\)VOMTTWVWVMWNPQ[LIQTa_ITS[

-6/16--:16/ 5-+0)61+; +1>14 -6/16--:16/

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 44/108

!

!!

!

-6/16--:16/5-+0)61+;

<PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN -VOQVMMZQVO 5MKPIVQK[ _I[

M[\IJTQ[PMLQV!8ZQWZ\W\PI\\QUMQV[\Z]K\QWV

QVIXXTQMLUMKPIVQK[PILJMMVOQ^MVJa\PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN +Q^QT-VOQVMMZQVO +W]Z[M[QV\PQ[LMXIZ\

UMV\_MZM ZMY]QZML WN ITTMVOQVMMZQVO[\]LMV\[ IT

\PW]OPIK]ZZQK]T]UPILJMMVM[\IJTQ[PMLTMILQVO\W

ILMOZMMQV-VOQVMMZQVO5MKPIVQK[<PMÅZ[\LMOZMM

_I[KWVNMZZMLQV!

6M_\MKPVWTWOQM[ZMKMQ^QVOI\\MV\QWVQV\PMMIZTa

!¼[QVKT]LML \PM LM^MTWXUMV\[ QV _QZMTM[[\ZIV[

UQ[[QWV \PM MTMK\ZQÅKI\QWV WN ZIQTZWIL[ _I\MZ \]Z

JQVM[IVLIMZWVI]\QK[

<PM\PMWZaWN_QZMTM[[\MTMOZIXPaIVL\MTMXPWVaPIL

JMMV\I]OP\I\\PM=VQ MZ[Q\a[QVKM!QVZM[XWV[M

\WMIZTaKWUUMZKQITLMUIVLNWZ\ZIQVQVOQV_QZMTM[[

\ZIV[UQ[[QWV

)TIJWZI\WZaIVLJZWILKI[\QVOZWWU_I[TWKI\MLQV\PMJI[MUMV\WV \PM[W]\P[QLMWN \PM -VOQVMMZQVO

*]QTLQVOIVL\_W[Q`\aNWW\XWTM[_MZMXTIKMLW]\[QLM

\W[]XXWZ\\PMIV\MVVIM][MLNWZ[MVLQVOIVLZMKMQ^

QVOUM[[IOM[?QZM[_MZMZ]V\W\PM\WXWN \PMPMI\

QVOXTIV\[\IKSQVWZLMZ\WIKPQM^MI[]NÅKQMV\PMQOP\

\WKWUU]VQKI\MJa_QZMTM[[ZILQW_Q\P,M\ZWQ\

<_W[Q`\aNWW\XWTM[[]XXWZ\MLIV\MVVIM

][MLNWZ[MVLQVOIVLZMKMQ^QVOUM[[IOM[

!

+1>14-6/16--:16/

;)61<):A-@8-:15-6<;<)<176

<PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN +Q QT -VOQVMMZQVO ]VLMZ \PM

LQZMK\QWV WN 8ZWNM[[WZ ? + 0WIL M[\IJTQ[PML I

;IVQ\IZa-`XMZQUMV\;\I\QWVQV!

<PMXTIV\_I[ TWKI\MLVMIZ\PM NWW\WN \PMPQTTQV

I [UITT WZKPIZL IJW]\Å^MP]VLZMLNMM\VWZ\PMI[\

NZWU\PM/MVMZIT0W[XQ\IT<PM[TWXM_I[NI^WZIJTM

\W\PMTIaW]\WN \PMLQNNMZMV\XIZ\[WN \PMXTIV\QVI

KWUXIK\IVLMKWVWUQKITUIVVMZITTW_QVO\PMKQ\a

_I[\M\WXI[[NZWU\PMKQ\aUIQVWV/TMV)^MV]M\W

\PM[\I\QWVJaOZI^Q\a

8ZWNM[[WZ0WIL"

¹?Q\P\PMKWVKMV\ZI\QWVWN \PMXWX]TI\QWVQVKQ\QM[\PMOZW_

QVOXWTT]\QWVWN [\ZMIU[IVLTISM[IVL\PMZIXQLTaQVKZMI[QVO

LQNÅK]T\aWN WJ\IQVQVOILMY]I\MIVL[]Q\IJTMU]VQKQXIT_I\MZ

[]XXTQM[\WOM\PMZ_Q\P\PMUIZSML\MVLMVKa\W_IZL\PMIKKMX

\IVKMWN PQOPMZ[\IVLIZL[WN U]VQKQXITVWTM[[\PIVWN XMZ

[WVITKWVL]K\\PMQUXMVLQVOXZWJTMU[WN[IVQ\I\QWVTWWUTIZOM

IVLQUXWZ\IV\<PMZMU][\JMIVQVKZMI[ML^WT]UMWN ZM[MIZKP

_WZSIVLU]KPXIQV[\ISQVOM`XMZQUMV\I\QWVQN \PM[IVQ\IZa

MVOQVMMZWN \PMN]\]ZMQ[\WJMN]TTaMY]QXXMLNWZPQ[OZMI\\I[Sº  5QKPQOIV )T]UV][,MKMUJMZ!

!

8ZWNM[[WZ?QTTQIU+PZQ[\QIV0WIL

<0- *=14,16/; 76 <0- 7:1/16)4 .7:<A )+:-; 7. <0- =61>-:;1<A 7. 51+01/)6 +)58=; 16 <0- -):4A ![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 45/108

*IZJW]Z?I\MZUIV

/aUVI[Q]U

8I^QTQWV0W[XQ\IT

0WUMWXI\PQK0W[XQ\IT

4I_*]QTLQVO 

6M_5MLQKIT*]QTLQVO 

+PMUQKIT4IJWZI\WZa8PIZUIKWTWOa4IJWZI\WZa

=VQ^MZ[Q\a0ITT

=VQ^MZ[Q\a4QJZIZa

0MI\QVO8TIV\

7ZQOQVIT5MLQKIT*]QTLQVO  6M_-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO 

)VI\WUa4IJWZI\WZa

*WQTMZ0W][M

-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX[

-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO 

8ZM[QLMV\¼[0W][M

)T]UVQ5MUWZQIT*]QTLQVO 

<IXXIV0ITT

5][M]U

8Pa[QK[*]QTLQVO 

<0-*=14,16/;76<0-7:1/16)4.7:<A)+:-;7.<0-=61>-:;1<A7.51+01/)6+)58=;16<0--):4A![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 46/108

<0-=61>-:;1<A7.51+01/)6+)58=;-):4A![

:QKPIZL:]UUMTT8IQV\QVO 

<0--6/16--:16/-@01*1<

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 47/108

!!

1V!\PM-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO[_MZMWXMVML\W

\PM X]JTQK NWZ \PM ÅZ[\ M`PQJQ\WN \PM -VOQVMMZQVO

,MXIZ\UMV\<PQ[ÅZ[\M`PQJQ\_I[PMTLWV5Ia

IVL\WKWQVKQLM_Q\P\PM5Ia.M[\Q^IT7^MZ\MV

\PW][IVLXMWXTM\W]ZML \PMNIKQTQ\QM[IVL QV[XMK\ML

\PM_WZSWN \PMLMXIZ\UMV\ <PMMV\QZMMV\MZXZQ[M

_I[KWVKMQ MLIVLM`MK]\MLJa\PM[\]LMV\[_Q\P\PM

NIK]T\aXTIaQVOVWUIRWZZWTM

.WZ \PM I MZIOM [\]LMV\ I[ _MTT I[ NWZ \PM KI[]IT

 ^Q[Q\WZ\PM -VOQVMMZQVOKWZVMZWN \ PM+IUX][ PMTL

Ua[\MZQM[ITUW[\I[XZWNW]VLI[\PMLMMXMZUa[\MZQM[

WN \PM5MLQKIT;KPWWT*]\M^MZa\PQVO_I[M`XTIQVML

L]ZQVO\PM[MIVV]ITM`PQJQ\QWV[

<PM 5MKPIVQKIT -VOQVMMZ[ PIL I XZIK\QKIT LMU

WV[\ZI\QWV WN ^IZQW][\aXM[ WN I]\WUWJQTMMVOQVM[

LM[QOVML \W [PW_ \PMQZ N]MT MKWVWUa IVL PWZ[M

XW_MZ<PMaIT[W[]ZXZQ[ML\PMQZ^Q[Q\WZ[Ja[I_QVO

_WWL_Q\PIXQMKMWN XIXMZZ]VVQVOI\ ZM^W

T]\QWV[XMZUQV]\MNZMMbQVOÆW_MZ[QVTQY]QLIQZIVL

[PW_QVOIJW\\TM[]XXWZ\MLWVTaJa\_WVIZZW__QZM[

NZWU_PQKPIN]TT[\ZMIUWN _I\MZÆW_MLIUa[\MZa

[WT^MLJaNM_

<PM 6I IT <IVS _I[ QV N]TT WXMZI\QWV IVL \PM

UM\PWLWN UISQVOIVL\M[\QVO\PMUWLMT[WN ITTLQNNMZMV\\aXM[WNJWI\[_I[[PW_V5IVaUWLMT[WN

_MTTSVW_V\aXM[WNÆaQVOUIKPQVM[_MZMWVM`PQJQ\

<PM?IZ ,MXIZ\UMV\ XZW QLML\_W N]TT[QbM\WZXM

LWM[_PQKP_MZMM`XTIQVMLJaI[Y]ILWN UIZQVM[

<_WTIZOMKIVVWV[_MZMIT[WUW]V\MLI\ MIKP[QLM

WN \PM-VOQVMMZQVO)ZKP

<PM -TMK\ZQKIT -VOQVMMZ[ NW]VL IV WXXWZ\]VQ\a QV

\PM =VQ MZ[Q\a¼[ \MTMXPWVM MY]QXUMV\IVL _QZMTM[[

[a[\MU\WOQ^MILMUWV[\ZI\QWVWN\PMTI\M[\LM^MTWX

UMV\[ QV TWVOLQ[\IVKMKWUU]VQKI\QWV 5M[[IOM[

_MZM[MV\W MZ\PM_QZMTM[[_Q\PW]\KPIZOM)XZIK\Q

KITLMUWV[\ZI\QWV _I[IT[W OQ^MVWN UIVa TQOP\QVO

[a[\MU[IVL\PMM^WT]\QWVWN \PMMTMK\ZQKTIUX_I[

[PW_V7]\[QLMWN \PMJ]QTLQVOIKWUXTM\MMTMK\ZQK

ZIQT_Ia_Q\PIJTWKS[QOVIT[a[\MUOI^MOZMI\XTMI[]ZM

\WP]VLZML[WNKPQTLZMV

<PM ;]Z MaQVO [\]LMV\[ [PW_ML I TIZOMUWLMT WN

+IUX ,I^Q[ \PM []Z MaQVO KIUX QV \PM VWZ\PMZV

XIZ\WN \PM;\I\M

<PM+PMUQKIT-VOQVMMZ[_Q\PPMILY]IZ\MZ[QV\PM

+PMUQ[\Za*]QTLQVOOI^MIXZIK\QKITLMUWV[\ZI\QWV

WN \PMUIV]NIK\]ZMWN OI[IVLN]MTIVITa[Q[8W\\MZa

_I[UILMJISMLIVLOTIbMLIVLIUQVQI\]ZMXIXMZ

XTIV\ KWUXTM\M QV M MZa LM\IQT _I[ QV WXMZI\QWV

_Q\P[W]^MVQZ[WN \PMÅVITXZWL]K\NWZ\PM ^Q[Q\WZ[

,aM[_MZMUILMIVL\PM IK\]IT LaMQVOWN UI\MZQIT

[PW_V ;WIX_I[UILM QV\PM TIJWZI\WZa IVL\PM

UIV]NIK\]ZMWN XIQV\[IVL ^IZVQ[PM[_I[XZIK\QKITTa

LMUWV[\ZI\ML

<PM;IVQ\IZa-VOQVMMZQVO[\]LMV\[M`PQJQ\MLXZIK\Q

KITUWLMT[WN ^IZQW][LM QKM[NWZ\PMX]ZQÅKI\QWVWN

[M_IOM

5QVQI\]ZM1ZZQOI\QWV8TIV\ .WZM[\Za-`PQJQ\

<PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN 0QOP_Ia -VOQVMMZQVO OI^M I

XZIK\QKIT LMUWV[\ZI\QWV WN \PM LQNNMZMV\ SQVL[ WN

ZWILUI\MZQIT[IVL[\Z]K\]ZM

<PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN+Q^QT-VOQVMMZQVOLMUWV[\ZI\ML

IKWUXTM\M_WZSQVOUWLMTWNIUWLMZVXW_MZLM MT

WXUMV\IVLQZZQOI\QWVXZWRMK\

<PM)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM;\]LMV\[KW MZML\PM_ITT[WN \PM

IZKPQ\MK\]ZITLZI_QVO ZWWU _Q\PLZI_QVO[IVL LM

[QOV[

<PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN .WZM[\Za *W\IVa 5QVMZITWOa

/MWTWOaIVLBWWTWOaIT[W\WWSXIZ\QV\PMM`PQJQ\

  5QKPQOIV)T]UV][5Ia!

<0-0767:;A;<-5,-8):<5-6<7.-6/16--:16/

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 48/108

<PM PWVWZ [a[\MU _I[ M[\IJTQ[PML QV\PM +WTTMOM

WN -VOQVMMZQVO IVL )ZKPQ\MK\]ZM QV ! 1\ _I[

QV[\Q\]\MLI\\PM ZMY]M[\WN \PM[\]LMV\[_PW XTIaML

IUIRWZZWTMQVQ\[WXMZI\QWV*I[MLWV\PMXZQVKQXTM

\PI\Q\ Q[LQ[PWVWZIJTMNWZ IVaWVM\W ZMKMQ^MKZMLQ\

_PQKPQ[ VW\ \PM ZM[]T\ WN PQ[ WZPMZ W_V MNNWZ\[

\PMPWVWZKWLM_I[ITQOVMLKTW[MTa_Q\P\PMM\PQKITZMY]QZMUMV\[ WN XZWNM[[QWVIT MVOQVMMZQVO XZIK\QKM

<PM+WTTMOM¼[0WVWZ+WLM_I[Y]Q\M]VQY]M_Q\PQV

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aIVLQ\ZMUIQV[QVXTIKM\W\PQ[LIa)TT

MVOQVMMZQVO[\]LMV\[IZMZMY]QZML\W_ZQ\MWZ[QOVI

[\I\MUMV\WV\PMQZM`IUQVI\QWVXIXMZ[\PI\"

¹1PI^MVMQ\PMZOQ^MVVWZZMKMQ^MLIQLWV\PQ[M`IUQVI\QWVVWZ

PI^M1KWVKMITMLIVa^QWTI\QWVWN \PM0WVWZ+WLMº 

!

-UQT4WZKP

<PMKW]Z[MQVIZKPQ\MK\]ZMOZM_]VLMZ\PMTMILMZ[PQX

WN 8ZWNM[[WZ-UQT 4WZKPIVL QV! \PM,MXIZ\

UMV\ WN -VOQVMMZQVO JMKIUM \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN

-VOQVMMZQVO IVL )ZKPQ\MK\]ZM TI\MZ ZMVIUML \PM+WTTMOMWN-VOQVMMZQVOIVL)ZKPQ\MK\]ZMQV!

1V ! \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN )ZKPQ\MK\]ZM UW ML

QV\WQ\[ W_VJ]QTLQVOVIUMLQV PWVWZWN 8ZWNM[[WZ

4WZKP1V!<PM+WTTMOMWN )ZKPQ\MK\]ZMJMKIUM

I[MXIZI\M]VQ\

)6,):+01<-+<=:-

!

4WZKP0ITT

4WZKP0ITT;K]TX\]ZM/IZLMV 4WZKP0ITT;\]LQW

)-:76)=<1+)4-6/16--:16/ )QZXTIVM[ QVÆ]MV\QIT QV \PM MIZTa LM MTWXUMV\ WN 8I_TW_[SQ¼[ KIZMMZ

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 49/108

1V!.MTQ`8I_TW_[SQWN ?IZ[I_IXZIK\QKQVOUM

KPIVQKITMVOQVMMZ\ZIQVMLQV/MZUIVaQV\PM!¼[

KIUM\W\PM=VQ\ML;\I\M[0MPIL\ISMVQV[\Z]K\QWV

I\\PMÅZ[\ÆaQVO[KPWWTQV\PM_WZTLM[\IJTQ[PMLJa

8ZWNM[[WZ4]KQMV5IZKPQ[QV8IZQ[QV!!

8I_TW_[SQ _ZW\M \W I V]UJMZ WN ]VQ MZ[Q\QM[ IVL

WNNMZMLPQ[[MZ^QKM[QVM[\IJTQ[PQVOIKW]Z[MQVIMZW

VI]\QKIT MVOQVMMZQVO 5W[\ WN \PM [KPWWT[ VM MZ

ZMXTQML#WVTa\_W\WWSQ\[MZQW][Ta7VM_I[51<

_PQKPQVLQKI\MLQ\ UQOP\JM QV\MZM[\MLQV\PMN]\]ZM

J]\VW\I\\PMXZM[MV\#\PMW\PMZ_I[\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV,MIV+WWTMa_QZML8I_TW_[SQ\WKWUM

\W)VV)ZJWZIVLLQ[K][[\PMXW[Q\QWV)[IZM[]T\

8I_TW_[SQ KIUM \W \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a I[ QV[\Z]K\WZ QV

UMKPIVQKIT MVOQVMMZQVO QV .MJZ]IZa !# PM TMK

\]ZMLQVNWZUITTaWVIMZWVI]\QKIT[]JRMK\[]V\QT!

_PMV\PM ,MXIZ\UMV\WN )MZWVI]\QKIT -VOQVMMZQVO

_I[ M[\IJTQ[PML <PM ÅZ[\ LMOZMM _I[ OZIV\ML QV

!5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaVW\M[X

!

.MTQ`?8I_TW_[SQ

.ZWUIXIQV\QVOJa4MWV)5ISQMT[SQ

)QZXTIVM[QVÆ]MV\QITQV\PMMIZTaLM MTWXUMV\WN8I_TW_[SQ [KIZMMZ

!! *TMZQW\<PM NIUML KZW[[KPIVVMT UWLMT WV

_PQKP4W]Q[*TMZQW\ÆM_\PM-VOTQ[P+PIVVMTQV!!

_I[XW_MZML_Q\PIPX)VbIVQZILQITMVOQVM

!!.IZUIV<PM0MVZQ.IZUIVJQXTIVM_I[XW_MZML

_Q\P I PX ZW\IZa /VWUMMVOQVM 5I QU]U IVL

UQVQU]U[XMML[KWQVKQLMLI\IJW]\UXP

!.IZUIV<PM5I]ZQKM.IZUIVJZW\PMZWN 0MVZQ

.IZUIV¹4WVOPWZVºJQXTIVM_I[I[TW_J]\MI[a\WÆa

IQZXTIVM1\_I[XW_MZML_Q\PIPX:MVI]T\MVOQVM

01/0?)A)6,)=<757*14--6/16--:16/

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 50/108

 

1V!\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a0MI\QVOIVL4QOP\QVO8TIV\

_I[ UW^ML NZWU\PM KMV\ZIT KIUX][ \W\PM ¹+I\

0WTMº \PM [_IUXa IZMI \W \PM VWZ\PMI[\ WN \PM

KIUX][<PM^IKI\MLJ]QTLQVO_I[I[[QOVML\W\PM

KW]Z[M[ QV 0QOP_Ia -VOQVMMZQVO IVL )]\WUWJQTM

-VOQVMMZQVO

<PM _WZS QV 0QOP_Ia -VOQVMMZQVO WKK]XQML \PM

VWZ\P[QLMWN\ PM*]QTLQVO

)_ITT_I[J]QT\[MXIZI\QVO\PMPQOP_IaTIJWZI\WZa

NZWU \PM I]\WUWJQTM TIJWZI\WZa IVL I UMbbIVQVMÆWWZNMM\_QLM_I[KWV[\Z]K\MLIZW]VL\PM[QLM[

WN \PMWTLJWQTMZZWWU

<PMJI[MUMV\ÆWWZKWV[Q[\MLWN I TIZOMZWWU`

NMM\QV_PQKPITIZOMUIKPQVMNWZ\M[\QVOJZQLOM

ÆWWZ[ IVL TIZOM KWVKZM\M [TIJ[ I KWVKZM\M UQ`MZ

IVL I XI^QVO LM\MZUQVI\WZ IVLUQ`QVO ÆWWZ _MZM

QV[\ITTML)LRWQVQVO\PQ[ZWWU_I[IV]VLMZOZW]VL

KPIUJMZ ` NMM\_PQKP _I[][MLNWZ IZI\\TMZ

ZWWU IVLQV _PQKP_MZMQV[\ITTML\PM JZQKS ZI\\TMZ

\PM,M^ITZI\\TMZ\PMZWKSKZ][PMZIVL\PMJITTUQTT

[W\PI\\PMM`\ZMUMTaVWQ[aIXXIZI\][_I[U]NÆMLQV

IV]VLMZOZW]VLKPIUJMZ

<PM[W]\PPITNWN \PMWTL0MI\QVO8TIV\_I[][MLNWZIV)]\WUWJQTM<M[\QVOIVL-`PQJQ\4IJWZI\WZa<PM

UIQVTIJWZI\WZa_I[`NMM\M`KT][Q MWN \PMWN

ÅKM[WN \PMLMXIZ\UMV\ )_QLMOITTMZaZIV IZW]VL

\PZMM[QLM[ WN \PM TIJWZI\WZa WV\PMOZW]VL TM^MT

<PMUIQVÆWWZ_PQKP_I[\PMWTLJWQTMZZWWU_I[

KWV[QLMZIJTaJMTW_\PMOZW]VLTM^MT)KKM[[\WQ\NWZ

I]\WUWJQTM[NWZ\M[\QVOIVLLMUWV[\ZI\QWVX]ZXW[M[

_I[UILMXW[[QJTMJaUMIV[WNIVQVKTQVMI\\PMZMIZ

WN \PMMI[\[QLM  5QKPQOIV )T]UV][!

! 8ZWNM[[WZ,MUUWV1ZM XTQML1PWXMLaW]_W]TLI[SUM\PI\

 1 M`XTIQVML \W PQU \PI\ _PMV _M PIL MVTIZOML \PM PMI\QVO

 XTIV\ JMKI][M WN \PM VM_ J]QTLQVO[ WV KIUX][ ILLQ\QWVIT

[UWSM[\IKS[JMKIUMVMKM[[IZaQVWZLMZ\WQVKZMI[M\PMKIXIKQ\a

WN \PMJWQTMZ[<PM[M_MZMWN UM\IT1OI^MQV[\Z]K\QWV[\WUa

 OWWLNZQMVL[\PM?QKSM[*ZW\PMZ[WN ;IOQVI__PWKWV[\Z]K\ML

\PMU\WUISM\PM[M[UWSM[\IKS[I[]OTaI[XW[[QJTMIVLQV

QV[\ITTQVO\PMU\WZ]VWVMWN \PMO]aZWXM[IKZW[[\PMLQIOWVIT

_ITSR][\PQOPMVW]OP\WSVWKSIUIV¼[PI\WNN<PMZMI[WVNWZ

LWQVO\PQ[1\WTL8ZWNM[[WZ,MUUWV_I[JMKI][MNWZ[M^MZIT

  aMIZ[1PI^MJMMV \ZaQVO \WOM\ \PMJWQTMZ PW][MUW^ML WNN \PM

KIUX][6WJWLaMT[MPI[JMMVQV\MZM[\MLIVL1KIV¼\LWQ\ITWVM1 \PW]OP\QN 1KW]TLUISM\PMJWQTMZPW][MI[]OTaI[

 XW[[QJTMIVLÅ`\PMO]aZWXM[[W [WUMWN \PMXZWNM[[WZ[_W]TL

 OM\\PMQZPMIL[ J]UXML1UQOP\OM\[WUMPMTX;]NÅKM\W [Ia

\PMNWTTW_QVOaMIZ1_I[I]\PWZQbML\WUISMXTIV[NWZ\PMXZM[

MV\JWQTMZPW][MQV\PMWTL»+I\0WTM¼º  ;KQMV\QÅK*TIKS[UQ\P

X

0QOP_IaIVL)]\WUWJQTM-VOQVMMZQVOQV\PMNWZUMZ0MI\QVOIVL4QOP\QVO8TIV\

5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaVM^MZTQSMLPI^QVO\PM8W_MZ8TIV\

TWKI\MLWV\PM+MV\ZIT+IUX][0M\MTT[\PMNWTTW_

QVO[\WZa"

¹8ZWNM[[WZ,MUUWVIVL1_MZM_ITSQVOMI[\WV\PMLQIOWVIT

_ITSIVLI[_MKIUMWXXW[Q\M\PMXW_MZPW][M1KZW_LML,MU

UWV[TQOP\Ta\W\PMZQOP\_PMZM[\WWLIXW[\IVLIKPQUVMaO]a

ZWXMR][\PQOPMVW]OP\WSVWKSIUIV¼[PI\WNN,MUUWV¼[PI\

_MV\WNN

 0M\]ZVML\WUMQVLQOVIV\Ta»1]VLMZ[\IVLaW]IZMZM[XWV[QJTM

  NWZ\PI\ZWXM?PaQV\PM_WZTLLQLaW]X]\Q\[WTW_'¼ 

?7:4,?):1!

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 51/108

 

1V ! ^WT]V\IZa UQTQ\IZa

\ZIQVQVO WN [\]LMV\[ _I[

[\IZ\ML WV\PM KIUX][ IVL

_I[ KIZZQML WV ]VLMZ \PM

LQZMK\QWV WN 5IRWZ +TaLM

?QT[WV WN \PM +WTTMOM WN

-VOQVMMZQVONIK]T\a

¹?MLWVW\JMTQM^MQV_IZJ]\_M

LWJMTQM^MQVXMIKM·XMIKM_Q\PTQJ

MZ\aIVLR][\QKMNWZITT<PMZMNWZM

_MIZMITT_WZSQVONWZZMI[WVIJTM

LMNMV[Q^M »8ZMXIZMLVM[[¼ _PQKP

_MPWXM_QTTJMKWUMXMZUIVMV\º

+-?QT[WV  5QKPQOIV)T]U

V][5Ia!

)\ \PM KTW[M WN \PM [XZQVO

\MZU\PMZM_MZMI[UIVaI[VQVMP]VLZMLUMVQV\ZIQV

QVO>QK\WZ>I]OPIV,MIV

WN 5M LQKQVM 5WZ \QUM Z

+WWTMa ,MIVWN -VOQVMMZ

QVOIVL0MVZa*I\M[,MIV

WN 4I_ _MZM ITT IK\Q M QV

XZWUW\QVO \PM _WZS WN \PM

;MK]ZQ\a 4MIO]M 0MZM Q\

[PW]TL IT[W JM VW\ML \PI\

[M^MZITXZWNM[[WZ[KWVVMK\ML

_Q\P \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN

/MZUIV ][ML \PMQZ KTI[[ZWWU[ NWZ IK\Q M /MZUIV

XZWXIOIVLI IVL _MZM KWV

[MY]MV\TaLQ[UQ[[ML

+TI[[QV^Q[]IT[QOVITQVO;MUIXPWZM

+TI[[QV\PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO 

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV

PI[TWVO KWV\ZQJ]\ML \W \PM

LMNMV[MWN\PMVI\QWVL]ZQVO

\QUM[ WN _IZ *MKI][M WN

Q\[ PMZQ\IOM [QVKM KQ QTQIV

MVOQVMMZQVO M WT ML NZWU

UQTQ\IZaMVOQVMMZQVOIVL\PMQUXWZ\IVKMWN \MKPVWTWOa\W

UWLMZV_IZNIZM\PM+WTTMOM

WN -VOQVM MZQVO XTIaM L I

XIZ\QK]TIZTa QUXWZ\IV\ ZWTM

QV ZM[XWVLQVO \W \QUM[ WN

VI\QWVITVMML

<PM =VQ MZ[Q\a PIL JMMV

WXMV TM[[ \PIV [M^MV aMIZ[

_PMV \PM 5M`QKIV ?IZ

JZWSMW]\QV.Q^MWN

\PM [\]LMV\[ NW]OP\ QV\PM_IZ\PZMMI[WNÅKMZ[

6MIZTa 5QKPQOIVUMV

[M Z ML QV \PM +Q QT ?IZ

]VLMZ \PM =VQWV KWTWZ[

UIVa I[ WNÅKMZ[ IVL VWV

KWUUQ[[QWVMLWNÅKMZ[

5QKPQOIV UMVMVTQ[\ML

QV \PM ;XIVQ[P )UMZQKIV

?IZQV ! <PM0Ia *QTT

IVL \PM +PIUJMZTQV *QTTXZW QLML I UMKPIVQ[U \W

LM^MTWXWNÅKMZ[WV]VQ^MZ[Q\a

KIUX][M[ IVL QV ! IV

WNÅKMZJI\\ITQWV_I[NWZUML

I\\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a\W[MZ^M\PM

VMML[WN \PM_IZ_Q\P;XIQV

)TUW[\ QUUMLQI\MTa IN\MZ \PM LMKTIZI\QWV

WN _IZQV!\_WLQ^Q[QWV[WN \PM6I IT

:M[MZ^M[_MZMUWJQTQbMLIVL_MZM[\I\QWVML

I\\PMQZPMILY]IZ\MZ[QV?I\MZUIV/aUVI

[Q]U ,ZQTT[_MZMPMTLWV .MZZa.QMTL 1V

ILLQ\QWV\W\PMOaUVI[Q]UW\PMZ=VQ^MZ[Q\aJ]QTLQVO[_MZMJZW]OP\ QV\W][MIVL ;\I\M

;\ZMM\_I[WKK]XQMLJaUIZKPQVOUMV

,]ZQVO \PM_IZ aMIZ[\PM =VQ MZ[Q\a ZMNW

K][MLQ\[MNNWZ\[WV\PMUQTQ\IZa VMML[WN \PM

VI\QWVQV UIVaKI[M[I\ \PMM`XMV[MWN Q\[

W_VIKILMUQKXZWOZIU[

<PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVOIVL\PM4I_;KPWWT

UWLQÅML\PMQZKW]Z[M[[W\PI\I\TMI[\\_WLIa[

I _MMS _MZM LM W\ML\W LZQTT <W []XXTMUMV\

\PM[M LZQTT[ \PM-VOQVMMZQVONIK]T\a [\IZ\ML IV

MTMUMV\IZa KW]Z[M QV UQTQ\IZaMVOQVMMZQVOMV

ZWTTQVO[WUM[\]LMV\[QVKT]LQVONZWU\PM4Q\MZIZa+WTTMOM;XMKQITKW]Z[M[_MZMOQ^MVQV

[QOVITQVO U]VQ\QWV[ ZIQTZWIL \ZIV[XWZ\I\QWV

I]\WUWJQTMMVOQVMMZQVO IVL \PM KTI[[QÅKI\QWV

IVLPIVLTQVOWN [\WZM[

,ZQTT[WV.MZZa.QMTL

*IZZIKS[QV?I\MZUIV/aUVI[Q]U

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 52/108

 

*]QTLQVOI<MUXWZIZa5M[[JM[QLM\PM5QKPQOIV=VQWV

)ZUa;\]LMV\[¼5M[[

5QKPQOIV=VQWV*ITTZWWU

*IZZIKS[QV\PM5QKPQOIV=VQWV

+WUU]VQKI\QWV[

+TI[[QV\PM-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX[.W]VLZa

+WLM<ZIQVQVO 

;]Z^MaQVO 

-IZTaQV!\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a_I[

ZMY]M[\ML Ja\PMOW^MZVUMV\\W

LM\MZUQVMPW_UIVaUMVKW]TL

JM\ZIQVMLWVKIUX][\W[MZ^MI[

IZUa UMKPIVQK[ ) ZMXTa _I[

UILM \PI\ \_W P]VLZML KW]TL

JMIKKWUUWLI\ML?I[PQVO\WVM`XMK\ML I TIZOMZ KWUUQ\UMV\

IVL _Q\P \PM ][M WN ILLQ\QWVIT

\MUXWZIZa JIZZIKS[ [M MV P]V

LZMLUMV_MZM\ZIQVML

¹;XIVQ[P QVÆ]MVbIº [\Z]KS \PM

5QKPQOIV KIUX][ QV 7K\WJMZ

WN ! <PQ[ _I[L]ZQVO \PM

XMZQWLWN \PM;)<+;\]LMV\[¼

)ZUa <ZIQVQVO +WZX[ _PQKP

MVZWTTML IXXZW QUI\MTa

UMVPW][MLQV PI[\QTaXZMXIZMLJIZZIKS[KWV\ZQ^MLW]\WN NZI\MZ

VQ\aPW][M[IVL\PMPITNÅVQ[PML

5QKPQOIV=VQWV?PMV\PMÆ]

KIUM UMUJMZ[ WN \PM

;)<+ _MZM [\ZQKSMV_Q\P !

LMI\P[WKK]ZQVO

<PM QVÅZUIZQM[ WN \PM UQTQ\IZa

]VQ\[ IVL \PM PW[XQ\IT NIKQTQ\QM[

WN )VV)ZJWZ_MZM[\ZIQVMLJa

\PQ[ MUMZOMVKa <PM _WUMV

WN \PMKQ\a]VLMZ\PMTMILMZ[PQXWN\PM)VV)ZJWZOZW]XWN\PM

)UMZQKIV )[[WKQI\QWV WN =VQ

 ^MZ[Q\a ?WUMV PMTXML \W NMML

IVLV]Z[M\PM[]NNMZMZ[*IZJW]Z

/aUVI[Q]UJMKIUMIVI]`QTQIZa

PW[XQ\IT

6I^a;\]LMV\[¼5M[[

5QKPQOIV=VQWV8WWT

<PM5QKPQOIV=VQWV3Q\KPMV

-6/16--:16/:-;-):+0

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 53/108

  !

)[\PM 5QKPQOIV)T]UV][LM[KZQJMLQ\QV!!"

¹<PZW]OP \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN -VOQVMMZQVO :M[MIZKP \PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\aX]\I\\PM[MZ^QKMWN UIV]NIK\]ZMZ[IVLQVL][\ZQIT

KWVKMZV[\PM\MKPVQKITSVW_TMLOMWN Q\[[\INN IVLQ\[]V][]IT

  NIKQTQ\QM[ NWZ[WT ^QVOXZWJTMU[ N]VLIUMV\IT \W IXXTQML [KQMVKM

AW]Z_I[PQVOUIKPQVMZ]V[UWZMY]QM\TaJMKI][MWN ZM[MIZKPWV

UMKPIVQKITVWQ[M[LWVMQV\PM5QKPQOIVTIJWZI\WZQM[IVLUIVa

UIV]NIK\]ZMLXZWL]K\[QVLIQTa][MIZMUIKPQVML_Q\POZMI\MZ

IKK]ZIKaJa^QZ\]MWN UMI[]ZQVOLM^QKM[_PQKP5QKPQOIVQV^M[

\QOI\WZ[PI^MKWV\ZQ^MLº  5QKPQOIV)T]UV][!!

)TJMZ\-?PQ\M

1V!\PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN -VOQVMMZQVO:M[MIZKP

_I[ M[\IJTQ[PML 1\ WNNMZML IV WNÅKQIT UMKPIVQ[U

\PZW]OP_PQKP\PMZM[MIZKPQVMVOQVMMZQVOIVLZMTI\

MLÅMTL[WN _WZSKW]TLJMUILMI IQTIJTM\W\PMKQ^QK

IVLQVL][\ZQITQV\MZM[\[WN \PM;\I\MIVLMT[M_PMZM<PMN]VK\QWVWN \PMLMXIZ\UMV\ _I[TIZOMTaILUQV

Q[\ZI\Q^M <PM_WZS _I[LWVM Ja\PM -VOQVMMZQVO

NIK]T\aQV\PMQZTIJWZI\WZQM[;\]LMV\[_WZSMLI[I[

[Q[\IV\[OQ^QVO\PMU^IT]IJTMM XMZQMVKMQVZM[MIZKP

IT\PW]OPVW[\]LMV\KZMLQ\[_MZMOQ^MV<PMLMXIZ\

UMV\_I[]VLMZ\PMLQZMK\QWVWN )TJMZ\?PQ\M

)TJMZ\?PQ\MRWQVML\PM+PMUQKIT-VOQVMMZQVO

NIK]T\aQV!,]ZQVO\PM_IZaMIZ[PM_I[QV

KPIZOMWN \PM5M\ITT]ZOQKIT *ZIVKPWN \PM1V[XMK

\QWV,Q^Q[QWV7ZLQVIVKM,MXIZ\UMV\WN \PM=VQ\ML

;\I\M[)ZUaIVLTI\MZ_I[XTIKMLQVKPIZOMWN \PM

5M\ITT]ZOQKIT*ZIVKPIVL<MKPVQKIT;\INN8ZWNM[[WZ

?PQ\M ZM\]ZVML\W \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aQV !!IVL_I[

IXXWQV\ML,QZMK\WZWN \PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN -VOQVMMZ

QVO:M[MIZKP

<PMMVZWTTUMV\ QV-VOQVMMZQVOKWV\QV]MLQ\[ZIXQL

OZW_\PNZWUQV!\WQV!\WW^MZ

QV!<PMKIXIKQ\aWN\PM6M_-VOQVMMZQVO

*]QTLQVO_I[Y]QKSTaM`KMMLMLJa\PMZQ[QVO[\]LMV\

V]UJMZ[ IVL ]VQ MZ[Q\a TIJWZI\WZQM[ PIL \W JMPW][MLQV\MUXWZIZaJ]QTLQVO[IZW]VL\PMKIUX][

*]\ M MV _Q\P \PM[M [PWZ\\MZU UMI[]ZM[ \PMZM

_I[ [\QTT VW\MVW]OP ZWWU IVLUIVa MVOQVMMZQVO

[]JRMK\[PIL\WJMLZWXXML

<PMZM_MZMW\PMZ[XIKMXZM[[]ZM[<PM-VOQVMMZQVO

;PWX[ _MZMQVILMY]I\M \W UMM\ \PM VMML[ WN \PM

MVOQVMMZQVO XZWOZIU[ <PM [XIKM WKK]XQML Ja

+PMUQKIT-VOQVMMZQVOQV\PM+PMUQ[\Za*]QTLQVO_I[

]ZOMV\TaVMMLMLJa\PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN+PMUQ[\Za

<PMLW]JTQVO WN MVZWTTUMV\[L]ZQVO\ PM!!

XMZQWL\WW MZ[\]LMV\[JZW]OP\-VOQVMMZQVO\W

IKZQ[Q[XWQV\QVQ\[VMML[NWZILLQ\QWVIT[XIKM

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 54/108

!-I[\0ITT!

-I[\0ITT

.WZUMZ<IXXIV-TMUMV\IZa;KPWWT

6MMLTM[[\W[Ia\PQ[KI[\WNN ILLQ\QWV \W\PM -VOQVMMZQVOKIUX][_I[ VW\PQOPTa

ZMOIZLML)VIZ\QKTMQV\PM 5QKPQOIV<MKPVQKX]\Q\\PQ[_Ia"

¹1\Q[\PM]OTaL]KSTQVOWN \PMMVOQVMMZQVONIUQTa)N\MZ_IVLMZQVO\PZW]OPIUIbMWN VIZZW_

 XI[[IOM[ IVLQV\MZKWVVMK\ML KTI[[ZWWU[\PM [\]LMV\XMZPIX[KWUM[ \WI LWWZWV _PQKPIZM QV

[KZQJML\PMLM[QZMLV]UMZIT [_PMZMPMQ[[INM\QTT Q\Q[\QUM\ WOWW]\< PMVQN PMQ[XIZ\Q K]TIZTa

]VT]KSaPM_QTTNITTQV\WI\ZIX[M\Ja8ZWNM[[WZ*ZIKSM\\_PWPI[^MZaK]VVQVOTaM[\IJTQ[PMLPQ[

WNÅKMZQOP\WV\PM[XW\_PMZMM^MVI_IVLMZQVO.ZM[PUIVQ[[]ZM\PMLWWZ\W\PM/ZMI\7]\LWWZ[

IVL.ZMMLWUQ[TWKI\ML

<PMZMIZMITT[WZ\[WN Z]UWZ[IJW]\\PMWTL[KPWWT5IVaK]JQKNMM\WN \PMJI[MUMV\IZMKWU

 XTM\MTaJTWKSMLWNN NZWUK]ZQW[Q\a [I\Q[ÅMZ[1V\PMLQ[][ML JMTNZaTQ^M XQOMWV[_PWIZM[IQL \WJMLM[KMVLMLNZWU\PW[M_PWXMZNWZUMLPMZWQKUM[[MVOMZ[MZ^QKMQVQV\ZIKIUX][JI\\TM[WN NWZUMZ

  aMIZ[,QZMK\Ta]VLMZ\PMVWZ\PMV\ZIVKM_Ia\PMZMQ[ITI ZOMKQ[\MZV6WJWLa[MMU[\WSVW_\PM

ZMI[WVNWZQ\[M`Q[\MVKMJ]\Q\PI[JMMV[]OOM[\ML\PI\I\ZIXLWWZQV\PMÆWWZ_W]TLN]ZVQ[PM`KMT

TMV\NIKQTQ\QM[NWZ[]KPKMZMUWVQM[I[JIX\Q[U[WZ[IKZQÅKM[\W\PMMVOQVMMZQVOOWL[º  5QKPQOIV

<MKPVQK7K\WJMZ!!X

7NÅKM[WN \PM-VOQVMMZQVO-VOTQ[P,MXIZ\UMV\_MZMTWKI\MLQV-I[\0ITTITWVO

_Q\P\PMKTI[[ZWWU[NWZ\PMKW]Z[M[QV-VOTQ[PIVLUI\PMUI\QK[

-I[\0ITT

1V!I[I[\WXOIXUMI[]ZM\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aX]ZKPI[ML\PMWTL<IXXIV;KPWWT

J]QTLQVOWV-I[\=VQ^MZ[Q\aZMVIUQVOQ\-I[\0ITTIVLOI MQ\\W-VOQVMMZQVONWZ

][MQVQ\[KTI[[M[QVVWV\MKPVQKIT[]JRMK\[[]KPI[-VOQVMMZQVO-VOTQ[P<PQ[WTL

J]QTLQVOPILJMMVKWV[\Z]K\MLQVI[IKQ\a[KPWWT<PMVIUM¹<IXXIV;KPWWTº

ZMUIQVMLWVQ\[VWZ\PNIKM1\_I[KWVLMUVMLNWZMTMUMV\IZa[KPWWTX]ZXW[M[Ja\PM[\I\MÅZMQV[XMK\WZ[QV!IVLJMKIUMI IQTIJTM\W\PM=VQ MZ[Q\a

;M^MZITWN \PMKTI[[ZWWU[_MZMKWV[ QLMZML\WJM\WWTIZOM[W\PMa_MZMXIZ\Q\QWVML

QV\W[QbM[UWZM[]Q\IJTMNWZ]VQ^MZ[Q\a_WZS<PMJ]QTLQVO_I[KWVVMK\ML\W\PM

]VQ^MZ[Q\aTQOP\IVLPMI\QVO[a[\MU

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 55/108

!<PM -I[\ -VOQVMMZQVO *]QTLQVO _I[ KWUXTM\ML QV

! 1\ PW][ML \PM +PMUQKITIVL 5M\ITT]ZOQKIT

,MXIZ\UMV\ \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN 5M\IT 8ZWKM[[QVO

NWZUMZTaQV\PM-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX[\PM,MXIZ\UMV\

WN -VOQVMMZQVO:M[MIZKP\PM,Q^Q[QWVWN <ZIV[XWZ

\I\QWV-VOQVMMZQVO\PM;\I\M0QOP_Ia4IJWZI\WZQM[

\PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN )MZWVI]\QKIT-VOQVMMZQVOQVKT]L

QVO\PM_QVL\]VVMT[\PM-I[\-VOQVMMZQVO4QJZIZa

NWZ\PM[M LMXIZ\UMV\[ IVL \PM <ZIV[XWZ\I\QWV 4Q

JZIZa KWV\IQVQVO W MZ JWWS[ LMITQVO _Q\P

M^MZaI[XMK\WN \ZIV[XWZ\I\QWV

<PQZ\aPW][M[WV\PMXZWXMZ\a_MZMZMUW^ML\WIK

KWUUWLI\M\PM -I[\-VOQVMMZQVO *]QTLQVO <PMa

_MZMUW ML\WW\PMZTWKI\QWV[[W\PI\\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

J]QTLQVOXZWOZIU_W]TLVW\KWV\ZQJ]\M\W\PMTW[[WN

PW][QVOQV)VV)ZJWZ

;KPMUI\QK,ZI_QVONWZ-I[\-VOQVMMZQVO 

<PMÅZ[\[MK\QWVWN\PM-I[\-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO 

-I[\0ITTTMN\.QZMPW][MKMV\MZ-I[\-VOQVMMZQVOZQOP\

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aÅVITTaZM[XWVLML\W\PMVMML[WN\PM

+WTTMOM_Q\PXTIV[NWZITIZOMVM_J]QTLQVOVIUML

-I[\ -VOQVMMZQVO )T\PW]OP \PQ[ _I[ WZQOQVITTa

MV Q[QWVMLI[ IUWV]UMV\IT[\Z]K\]ZMLM[QOVML\W

UMM\\PMVMML[WN \PM+WTTMOMNWZLMKILM[\WKWUM

\PM ÅVIT XTIV[_MZM NIZ TM[[IUJQ\QW][ IVL _W]TL

ZMY]QZMN]Z\PMZM`XIV[QWVQVTI\MZaMIZ[

1V\PM!¼[\PMJ]QTLQVO[WN \PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVOKWV[Q[\MLWN ?M[\-V

OQVMMZQVO <PM?M[\ -VOQVMMZQVO)VVM`-VOQVMMZQVO ;PWX[<PM 7TL8W_MZ

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 56/108

-I[\-VOQVMMZQVO

?M[\-VOQVMMZQVO?M[\-VOQVMMZQVO)VVM`ZQOP\7TL0MI\QVO8TIV\NZWV\

-I[\0ITT

?M[\-VOQVMMZQVO 

!¼[-6/16--:16/.)+141<1-;

8TIV\-I[\-VOQVMMZQVOIVL-I[\0ITT

0QOP_Ia)]\WUWJQTM-VOQVMMZQVO.WZUMZ0MI\QVOIVL4QOP\QVO8TIV\

7VMKIVOIQVIVQV\MZM[\QVOQUXZM[[QWVWN \PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVOKIUX][ \PM^Q[Q\WZ\]ZV[\W_IZL\PM+IUX][IVLILUQZM[\PMOZIVQ\MKWTWVVILMWN 

)>1;1<7:¼;<7=:7.<0-=61>-:;1<A7.51+01/)6+)58=;16<0-![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 57/108

O O X O O O X

QV\PM![Ja[]UUIZQbQVOWVMWN \PM_ITSQVO\W]Z[XZW^QLML\W^Q[Q\WZ[\W\PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\aL]ZQVO\PQ[XMZQWL"

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a^Q[Q\WZ_PW[\IZ\[I\W]ZWN \PMKIUX][NZWU\PM5QKPQOIV=VQWV

Q[NI^WZIJTaQUXZM[[ML_Q\P\PMJMI]\aWN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aJ]QTLQVO[)N\MZTWWSQVO

]XI\\PM[Y]IZM\W_MZWN \PM=VQWVÆIVSMLJaQ\[[KPWTIZIVLQ\[I\PTM\M

<PM5QKPQOIV=VQWV<W_MZ

<PM5QKPQOIV=VQWV;\I\]M[

¹4MIZVQVOºTWWSQVO\W_IZL\PM+IUX][

¹)\PTM\QK[ºTWWSQVO\W_IZL.MZZa.QMTL

\ M ^ [ \W \] [ \W_ L \ M X][ L L M[ \ M O \M KW W LM W

)VOMTT0ITTIVL\PMUWZM_MI\PMZMLXWZ\QKWWN \PM5MUWZQIT*]QTLQVO

)VOMTT0ITT

)T]UVQ5MUWZQIT0ITT

<W\PM ZQOP\IZM\PMKI\PMLZIT _QVLW_[WN \PM4I_aMZ¼[+WUUWV[IVL\PM TWVO )KZW[[\PM[\ZMM\8WZ\QI[\IVL[IJW^M\PMLWWZ_Ia

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 58/108

[\ZM\KPWNIOML[\WVMJIa_QVLW_[WN \PMLWZUQ\WZa

)[WVMXZWKMML[ITWVO\PM[PW_[\ZMM\;W]\P=VQ^MZ[Q\a)^MV]MWVMLMTQOP\[QV\PMLWUM[\QK\W]KP\PI\\PM8ZM[QLMV\¼[PWUMOQ^M[\W\PM+IUX][

WN \PM XMZNMK\ LWZUQ\WZa VIUML IN\MZ5IZ\PI

+WWS

)OIQV\W \PM TMN\ Q[\PMRM_MT WN \PM +IUX][

\PM +TMUMV\[ 4QJZIZa _PQKP TWWS[ IKZW[[ \PM

TIVL[KIXML OIZLMV WN \PM 5IZ\PI +WWS ,WZ

UQ\WZa\W_IZL\PM ZMITQbI\QWVWN \PM =VQ^MZ[Q\a

IZKPQ\MK\¼[IZ\Q[\QKLZMIU[4WZKP0ITT

<PM4I_aMZ¼[+WUUWV[

<PM8ZM[QLMV\¼[0W][M

+TMUMV\[4QJZIZa

8WZ\QI

4WZKP0ITT

4I_,WZUQ\WZa

*]\\PMV

)[\PM^Q[Q\WZ\]ZV[IOIQV\W\PM+IUX][\PMILUQZQVOKWUUMV\[[]LLMVTaKMI[M

N P J PQ L LL SQ L Q P Q LQ S L Q

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 59/108

*WZVQV \PM \MUXWZIZaJ]QTLQVO[ KWV[\Z]K\ML NWZ \PM ;\]LMV\ )ZUa<ZIQVQVO

+WZX[L]ZQVO?WZTL?IZ1\PQ[aW]\PN]TIVLUW[\UWLMZVWN XZWRMK\[QV\PM=VQ

 ^MZ[Q\a\PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN )]\WUW\Q^M-VOQVMMZQVONW]VLQ\[MTN PWUMTM[[_PMV

KWV[\Z]K\QWVWN\PMVM_8Pa[QK[J]QTLQVO[\IZ\ML.W]VLI\QWV[_MZMP]ZZQMLTaTIQL

QV[WUM[\MMT[PML[ _PQKP_MZM\PMV]XWV\PM [Q\MWN \PM+TMUMV\[4QJZIZaJ]\JM

NWZM\PMMVOQVM[KW]TLJMUW^ML\W\PMQZXTI\NWZU[\PM[M[PML[IT[W_MZM_ZMKSML

\WUISM_Ia NWZ\PMTQJZIZa<PM JI[MUMV\WN \PM -VOQVMMZQVO;PWX[_I[\PMV

ITTWKI\ML\W\PMI]\WUW\Q^MMVOQVMMZ[\WOM\PMZ_Q\P\PM[PML_PQKPQ[[]XXWZ\ML

JaQ\[_M[\_ITT

)]\WUW\Q^M4IJWZI\WZa4MIV\WTMN\

VM`\\W+TMUMV\[4QJZIZaNIKQVO;W]\P=VQ^MZ[Q\a

)]\WUW\Q^M4IJWZI\WZa4MIV\WNIKQVO\PM,QIO 

-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX[NIKQVO;W]\P=VQ^MZ[Q\a

NWZ\PMZMJMPQVLIU]LLaXIZSQVOaIZL_Q\PQ\[LQZ\aKIZ[\Z]KS[IVLKIVVWV[Q[

\PMTMIV\W[PMLXIQV\MLJIZVZML_PQKPPW][M[\PM)]\WUW\Q^M4IJWZI\WZa

<PQ[_WWLMV[PIV\aZM[\[IOIQV[ \\PMWTLJZQKSZML_ITT[ WN \PM-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX[

_PW[MZQLOMXWTMQ[[]ZUW]V\MLJaNZIOUMV\[WN IVWZVIUMV\ITQZWVNMVKM2][\\W

MUXPI[QbM\PMZ]VLW_VI\UW[XPMZMIJW`TQSMJZQLOM[]XXWZ\MLJaPMI^aXWTM[

KWVVMK\[\PMZMIZWN \PM[PWX[_Q\PIKWZVMZWN\PMVMI\-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO

=OTQVM[[Q[WVTa[SQVLMMXQV \PQ[KI[MNWZ\PMQV\MZQWZWN \PMJ]QTLQVOQ[\PM VMI\ 1V\PMTMIV\WIZMUW]V\ML\PMUW\WZ[WNUIVaWN \PMTMILQVOI]\WUWJQTM[ZMILa

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 60/108

 

M[\IVLJM[\IZZIVOMLWN I]\WUW\Q^MTIJWZI\WZQM[ 7N KW]Z[M_PMVQ\[VW_[QV

)VV)ZJWZNWZWVMLIaQ\ZIQV[QV\PM[PMLNWZ\_W_MMS[QVI[U]KPI[\PMUMT\

QVO[VW_]XWV\PM[TQOP\Ta[TIV\MLZWWN [TW_TaTMIS[\PZW]OP\PM ZW\\MLJWIZL[

?I\MZXZWWN KIV^I[KW^MZQVO[IZMXTIKMLW^MZ\PMMVOQVM[][MLQV\M[\[\WXZM^MV\

UWQ[\]ZMNZWUQV\MZNMZQVO_Q\PZM[MIZKP

NWZ\M[\[ ,aVIUWUM\MZ[IZMUW]V\MLWV\ZIKS[IVLJITTJMIZQVO[[W\PI\\PMa

UIaJM[_]VOIJW]\\W[MZ^MI V]UJMZWN UW\WZ[ 8QXM[KWVVMK\\PMM`PI][\[

WN ITTUW\WZ[_Q\PI^MV\QTI\QVONIV\WSMMX\PMOI[M[NZWU\PMZWWU)]\WUWJQTM

UIV]NIK\]ZMZ[_PWIXXZMKQI\M\PMZM[MIZKP_QTTQVOTaKWVL]K\MLNWZ\PMUJa\PM

,MXIZ\UMV\PI MLWVI\MLITTWN\PMMY]QXUMV\

?Q\PQVI ZILQ][WN WVMP]VLZMLUQTM[WN )VV)ZJWZIZM[Q\]I\MLUW[\ WN \PM

I]\WUW\Q^MXTIV\[WN \PM=VQ\ML;\I\M[+WV[QLMZQVO\PM_WZSLWVMQV\PQ[LM

XIZ\UMV\\PMVMIZVM[[WN )VV)ZJWZ\W,M\ZWQ\QVL][\ZQM[IVL\PMM^QLMV\MV

KW]ZIOMUMV\WN \PM[M UIV]NIK\]ZMZ[\PMPW][QVO WN MY]QXUMV\ NWZI]\WUW\Q^M

MVOQVMMZQVOQ[VW\JaIVaUMIV[WN\PM\aXM\WJMM`XMK\ML)VLJM[QLM[\PMWTL

[PML[XWQT[\PM=VQ MZ[Q\a¼[[SaTQVM

  5QKPQOIV)T]UV][!!X

)]\WUW\Q^M4IJWZI\WZa1V\MZQWZ )]\WUW\Q^M4IJWZI\WZa1V\MZQWZ

1V!I\\PM IOMWN 5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaZM\QZML

IVL JMKIUM ,MIV -UMZQ\][ WN \PM +WTTMOM WN

5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaLQLVW\ZMKMQ^MPQ[*;LMOZMM

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 61/108

  !

-VOQVMMZQVO IVL)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM 0MPIL [MZ ML\PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\aNWZaMIZ[WN\PW[MaMIZ[I[,MIVWN

-VOQVMMZQVO

=VLMZ +WWTMa¼[ TMILMZ[PQX JW\P ?M[\ IVL -I[\

-VOQVMMZQVO_MZMJ]QT\-I[\0ITT_I[IKY]QZML\PMLMXIZ\UMV\[WN )MZWVI]\QKIT-VOQVMMZQVOIVL-VOQ

VMMZQVO:M[MIZKP_MZM[\IZ\ML\PM 5MV\WZ [a[\MU

_I[ M[\IJTQ[PML IVL \PM 0WVWZ ;a[\MU _I[ QV[\Q

\]\ML<PMXWTQKaWN [MTMK\QVOW]\[\IVLQVOXZWNM[[WZ[

NWZ\PMLMXIZ\UMV\ITPMIL[JMKIUMI[\ZWVO\ZILQ\QWV

WN \PM+WTTMOMWN-VOQVMMZQVO

?PMV +WWTMa IZZQ ML I\ 5QKPQOIV QV \PMZM

_MZM WVTa [\]LMV\[ QV -VOQVMMZQVO \I]OP\ Ja

\PZMMNIK]T\aUMUJMZ[?PMVPMZM\QZMLI[LMIVQV

!\PM+WTTMOMPILOZW_V\WW^MZ[\]LMV\[

IVLNIK]T\a

<IXXIV¼[ _WZL[ O]QLML +WWTMa¼[ NIK]T\a KPWQKM["

¹<PMZMQ[VW[INMO]QLMQV\PMIXXWQV\UMV\WN XZWNM[

[WZ[[I^MQV\PMY]ITQÅKI\QWV[WN\PMKIVLQLI\M[º

*]\+WWTMaILLMLIVW\PMZSMaI[[M\"

¹<PI\1_I[NZMM\WMVOIOMQVUIVaIK\Q^Q\QM[_I[TIZOMTaW_

QVO\W5Z[+WWTMa;PMVW\WVTa\WWSXTMI[]ZMQVUIQV\IQVQVO

WXMVPW][MNWZUa[\]LMV\[IVLNZQMVL[I[_MTTI[NWZPMZW_V

UIVaNZQMVL[J]\[PM_I[ILM^W\MLUW\PMZ\WW]ZNW]ZKPQTLZMV

AW]VOXMWXTMKIUM\WPMZNZMY]MV\TaNWZIL^QKMIVL]VLMZ[\IVL

QVOIVL[PM_I[VM^MZ\WWJ][a\W[XMVL\QUM_Q\P\PMU6W

UIVKIVJMIVaUWZMWN I[]KKM[[\PIVPQ[UW\PMZIVLPQ[_QNM

UISMWN PQU#\W\PM\_WOITTIV\OMV\TM_WUMVQVUaTQNM1PI^M

VM^MZNIQTML\WILUQ\UaQVLMJ\MLVM[[º 5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa

 ;KQMV\QÅK*TIKS[UQ\PX!

+IZWTQVM +WWTMa LQMLI\ \PM+WWTMaPWUMWV 0QTT

;\ZMM\\PM VQOP\ WN 7K\WJMZ! ! IN\MZ I aMIZ

TWVOQTTVM[[5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaLQMLI\\PMIOMWN !

WV)]O][\!

+WWTMa¼[[WV0WTTQ[5+WWTMaOZIL]I\MLNZWU\PM

6I^IT)KILMUaQV!IVL\PM,MIV¼[OZIVL[WV

0WTTQ[ ? +WWTMa OZIL]I\MLQV ! <PQ[aW]VO

UIVZMKMQ^MLPQ[*;I\\PM\QUM WN PQ[OZIL]I\QWV

4I\MZ \PMNI\PMZ +IX\IQV +WWTMa _I[I_IZLML PQ[

*; IVLÅVITTa\PMOZIVLNI\PMZ ,MIV+WWTMa_I[

[WPWVWZML<P][\PMÅZ[\QV\PI\NIUQTa\WOZIL]

I\M_I[\PMTI[\IVL\PMTI[\_I[ÅZ[\\WZMKMQ^MPQ[

LMOZMM  5QKPQOIV )T]UV][!X

+IZWTQVM-TQbIJM\P5W[MTMa+WWTMa

8PW\W\ISMVI\\PM\QUMWNPMZUIZZQIOM

5WZ\QUMZ-+WWTMa

+ILM\5WZ\QUMZ-+WWTMa

!

NZWU\PM6I IT)KILMUa]V\QT!I\\PMIOMWN

*aIVIK\WN +WVOZM[[QV\PM![\PM;]XMZQV\MV

LMV\WN \PM6I IT)KILMUa_I[I]\PWZQbML\WKWVNMZ

¹]XWVITTTQ^QVOOZIL]I\M[_PWUIaJMZMKWUUMVL

MLNWZ[]KPI_IZL\PMLMOZMMKMZ\QÅKI\M_PQKPW\PMZ

QV[\Q\]\QWV[WN PQOPMZ TMIZVQVOK][\WUIZQTa PI^MJM[\W_MLº)T\PW]OPUIVa6I^ITOZIL]I\M[PILOWVM

WV\WXW[\OZIL]I\M_WZS\PM]VQ MZ[Q\QM[ZMKWOVQbML

\PMQZKWUUQ[[QWV[_Q\PJIKPMTWZ¼[LMOZMM[

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 62/108

 

0MVZa+TIa)VLMZ[WVJMKIUM,MIVQV!0M

ZMKMQ^MLPQ[LMOZMMQV5MKPIVQKIT-VOQVMMZQVONZWU

\PM=VQ MZ[Q\aWN3MV\]KSaIVLPMQUUMLQI\MTa_MV\

\W_WZSNWZ\PM+QVKQVVI\Q6M_7ZTMIV[IVL<M`I[

:IQTZWILI\+PI\\IVWWOI<MVVM[[MM:IQT_Ia+WU

XIVaI[)[[Q[\IV\\W\PM5I[\MZ5MKPIVQK1V!

PMKIUM\W\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIVI[1V[\Z]K\WZ

WN 5MKPIVQKIT-VOQVMMZQVOIVLQV!PMJMKIUM

PMILWN \PM,MXIZ\UMV\)[IUMUJMZWNIÅZ UWN

KWV[]T\QVO MVOQVMMZ[ PM LM[QOVML IVL KWV[\Z]K\ML

UIVaTIZOMXW_MZIVLPMI\QVOXTIV\[PW[XQ\IT[IVL

ITTUIVVMZWN X]JTQK_WZS[_PQTMI\5QKPQOIV0M_I[LMIVNWZWVTaIJZQMN XMZQWLNZWU!!0Q[

PMIT\P_I[XWWZIVLPMLQMLWV7K\WJMZ!!

0MZJMZ\+PIZTM[;ILTMZ

!!

0MVZa+TIa)VLMZ[WV

!!

1^IV+ZI_NWZL

!!

,-)6;?07.7447?-,57:<15-:+774-A

0MZJMZ\+PIZTM[;ILTMZ[]KKMMLML5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa

I[ ,MIV WN -VOQVMMZQVO QV ! ;ILTMZ _I[ IV

QV\MZVI\QWVITTa SVW_V VI IT IZKPQ\MK\ IVL PIL

JMMV \PM ÅZ[\ KPIQZ WN \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN 6I IT

)ZKPQ\MK\]ZMIVL5IZQVM-VOQVMMZQVO?PMV;ILTMZ

JMKIUMLMIVIN\MZ[MZ^QVOWV\PMNIK]T\aNWZaMIZ[

\PMVI\QWV_I[IJW]\\WMV\MZ\PM/ZMI\,MXZM[[QWV

I \QUM_PMV \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a_W]TL JM ]VLMZ OZMI\

ÅVIVKQIT PIZL[PQX)T\PW]OP MVZWTTUMV\[ QVKZMI[ML

[TQOP\Ta L]ZQVO ;ILTMZ¼[ aMIZ[ \PM J]LOM\ WN \PM

+WTTMOMLMKTQVMLL]ZQVO\PMLMXZM[[QWVIVLN]Z\PMZ

OZW_\PWN \PM-VOQVMMZQVO+IUX][_I[[\IOVIV\

1^IV +ZI_NWZL_I[\PM ÅZ[\ ,MIV WN -VOQVMMZQVO

ZMKZ]Q\ML \W 5QKPQOIV NZWU IVW\PMZ ]VQ MZ[Q\a

+ZI_NWZL MIZVML I LMOZMM QV KQ QT MVOQVMMZQVO

NZWU\PM =VQ MZ[Q\aWN +WTWZILWIVLIN\MZI JZQMN

XMZQWL WV Q\[ NIK]T\a JMKIUM LMIVWN MVOQVMMZQVO

I\\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN1LIPWQV!0M\PMV_MV\

WV\W JMKWUMLMIVI\ \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a WN 3IV[I[QV

!JMNWZMRWQVQVO5QKPQOIVI[ Q\[VM_ ,MIVWN

-VOQVMMZQVOIVL 8ZWNM[[WZWN +Q^QT -VOQVMMZQVOQV

! +ZI_NWZL TML \PM +WTTMOM L]ZQVO \PM _IZ

 aMIZ[I\QUM_PMV-VOQVMMZQVOZMNWK][MLQ\[MNNWZ\[\W

ZM[XWVLÅZ[\\W\PM_IZVMML[WN \PMVI\QWVIVL\PMV\W\PMMVWZUW][LMUIVLNWZMVOQVMMZQVOML]KI\QWV

NZWU\PMZM\]ZVQVO M\MZIV[WV\PM/1*QTT

<0-:74-7.<0-+744-/-7.-6/16--:16/16?7:4,?):11

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 63/108

 

?PMV\PM=VQ\ML;\I\M[MV\MZML\PM_IZQV,MKMU

JMZ!Q\ _I[WJ^QW][I\ WVKM\PM =VQ MZ[Q\aWN

5QKPQOIV_W]TLJMLMMXTaINNMK\ML1VXZMXIZI\QWV

NWZ\PMQVM^Q\IJTMKPIVOM[MIZTaQV2IV]IZa\PM=VQ ^MZ[Q\a+WUUQ\\MMWV6I\QWVIT,MNMV[M_I[ZMXTIKML

Ja\PM=VQ MZ[Q\a?IZ*WIZL4IZOMZ\PIVQ\[XZMLM

KM[[WZIVL_Q\PJZWILMZL]\QM[\PMVM_JWIZL_I[

I[[QOVML\PM\I[SWN M`XMLQ\QVO\PM\ZIV[Q\QWVWN \PM

=VQ MZ[Q\aNZWUIXMIKM\QUM\WI _IZ\QUMJI[Q[ 1\

_I[M[\IJTQ[PMLI[IVIZUWN \PMWNÅKMWN \PM8ZM[Q

LMV\

)UWVO\PMÅZ[\IK\QWV[_I[\PI\WN ZM^Q[QVO\PM!

KITMVLIZJaZML]KQVO\PMTMVO\PWN M`IUQVI\QWV

XMZQWL[IVLMTQUQVI\QVO\PM[XZQVO^IKI\QWVXMZQWL

8ZWNM[[QWVITTaIVL\MKPVQKITTa\ZIQVML[\]LMV\[_MZMUILMI^IQTIJTMNWZ_IZ_WZSITUW[\\PZMM_MMS[MIZ

TQMZ\PIV\PMVWZUIT[KPML]TM_W]TLPI^MXMZUQ\\ML

<PM]ZOMV\VMMLNWZ\ZIQVML\MKPVQKQIV[LQK\I\ML\PI\

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a_W]TLWXMZI\MI[VMIZTaI[XW[[QJTMWV

IaMIZZW]VLJI[Q[<PM?IZ*WIZLZMKWUUMVLML

\PI\\PM=VQ MZ[Q\aWNNMZ\PZMMN]TT\MZU[WN QV[\Z]K

\QWVL]ZQVOMIKPKITMVLIZaMIZ

<PM*WIZLMVKW]ZIOML\PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVO

IVLW\PMZ]VQ\[\WQV^Q\M\PMIZUMLNWZKM[IVLKQ^QT

QIVOW^MZVUMV\ITIOMVKQM[\W[MVL[MTMK\MLOZW]X[\W

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aNWZ[XMKQITQbML\ZIQVQVOIVLWNNMZMLQ\[

I[[Q[\IVKM\WNIKQTQ\I\M\PQ[XZWKML]ZM

*MNWZM\PMMVLWN \PMaMIZIZZIVOMUMV\[PIL JMMV

KWUXTM\ML \W XZW QLM \ZIQVQVO QV []Z MaQVO IVL

XPW\WOZIUUM\Za ]T\ZIPQOPNZMY]MVKa \MKPVWTWOa

IVLIQZKZIN\MVOQVMQV[XMK\QWVI[_MTTI[\WKWV\QV]M\PMTIZOMXZWOZIUQVMVOQVMMZQVOIVLUIVIOMUMV\

\ZIQVQVO]VLMZKWV\ZIK\_Q\P\PM=VQ\ML;\I\M[7NÅKM

WN -L]KI\QWV

:MKWOVQbQVO\PI\Q\_I[XZQUIZQTa\PMN]VK\QWVWN \PM

IZUMLNWZKM[\WXZW^QLM\ZIQVQVOQV\PMKWUJI\IXXTQ

KI\QWVWNN]VLIUMV\IT[SQTT[\PMJWIZLLQLVW\NWTTW_

\PM TMIL WN [WUM KWTTMOM[ QV ZMKWUUMVLQVO [XM

KQÅKUQTQ\IZaXZMXIZI\QWVNWZITT[\]LMV\[1V[\MIL\PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\aKWV\QV]MLQ\[MUXPI[Q[WV]VLMZOZIL]I\M

ML]KI\QWVQV\PMP]UIVQ\QM[[WKQIT[KQMVKM[VI\]ZIT

[KQMVKM[IVL \PM XZWNM[[QWVITLQ[KQXTQVM[ I]OUMV\QVO\PQ[QV[\Z]K\QWV_Q\PKW]Z[M_WZSILLZM[[QVO\PM

[XMKQÅKVMML[WN \PM_IZ\QUMUQTQ\IZaIVL[\ZM[[QVO

[QOVQÅKIV\_WZSQVXPa[QKITKWVLQ\QWVQVOWN [\]LMV\[

)OWWLUIVaKZMLQ\KW]Z[M[[WUMWN \PMUVM_IVL

[WUM WN \PMUUWLQÅKI\QWV[WN XZM QW][Ta M`Q[\QVO

KW]Z[M[_MZMLM[QOVI\MLI[WNNMZQVOXZMXIZI\QWVNWZ

_IZ[MZ^QKM<PM[M_MZMNW]VLUIQVTaQVMVOQVMMZQVO

NWZMQOVTIVO]IOM[XWTQ\QKIT[KQMVKMPQ[\WZaIVLMKW

VWUQK[QV\PMXPa[QKITIVLJQWTWOQKIT[KQMVKM[IVL

QVJ][QVM[[ILUQVQ[\ZI\QWV <PM5QKPQOIV4MIO]M

]VLMZ \PMTMILMZ[PQXWN -\PMT )5K+WZUQKSIVL

_WZSQVO_Q\P \PM )UMZQKIV :ML +ZW[[ [XWV[WZML

IV]UJMZWN VWVKZMLQ\KW]Z[M[QVV]Z[QVOÅZ[\IQL

V]\ZQ\QWVUW\WZUMKPIVQK[IVL\aXM_ZQ\QVO

<PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVOWNNMZMLI[XMKQITKW]Z[M

\W _WUMV QV -VOQVMMZQVO ;KQMVKM IVL 5IVIOM

UMV\XZMXIZQVO\PMU NWZ_IZ RWJ[ <PQ[XZWOZIU

X]\UIVaaW]VO_WUMVQV\PMXZMLWUQVI\MTaUITM[KPWWT IVLUWZM \PIV _WUMV NZMY]MV\ML \PM

PITT[WN \PM ?M[\-VOQVMMZQVO *]QTLQVO ;]Z^MaQVO

<WXWOZIXPQK 5IXXQVO IVL 8PW\WOZIUUM\Za _MZM

\I]OP\QV \PQ[KW]Z[M <PMOZIL]I\M[ PIL\PM ZI\

QVOWN ¹-VOQVMMZQVO)QL[º_Q\P[\IZ\QVO[ITIZQM[WN

XMZaMIZ <PMaW]VO_WUMVKIUMNWZ \PM

\PQZ\MMV_MMSKW]Z[M IVL_WZSML PIZL PIVLTQVOI

KTI[[TWILWN PW]Z[XMZ_MMS_Q\PKTI[[ZWWUIVL

ÅMTL_WZSWV\PM[KPML]TM

?WUMVIT[WKIUM\W\PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVONWZ

\ZIQVQVO\WJMXZMXIZMLNWZIQZKZIN\QV[XMK\QWV_WZS5QTQ\IZaUIXUISQVO_I[\I]OP\\WY]ITQÅML[MKWVL

\MZU[MVQWZ_WUMVQVI[XMKQITKW]Z[MWNNMZMLI\\PM

ZMY]M[\ WN \PM )ZUa 5IX ;MZ QKM ?WUMV _MZM

OQ^MVQV[\Z]K\QWVQVUISQVOJWUJQVO\IZOM\UIX[NWZ

][MJa\PM)QZ.WZKM

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 64/108

!

5IVa WN \PM _WZSMZ[ I\\PM ?QTTW_:]V *WUJMZ

8TIV\ITWVO_Q\PP]VLZML[WN W\PMZ[_PW PILKWUM

\W)VV )ZJWZ NWZ_WZSQV\PM TWKIT _IZQVL][\ZQM[

UILM\PM PW][QVO XZWJTMUI KZQ\QKITWVM NWZJW\P=VQ^MZ[Q\aWNÅKQIT[IVL\PMKQ\a

)XXZW`QUI\MTaNW]Z\PW][IVLUMV_MIZQVO\PM]VQ

NWZU[WN \PM)ZUa\PM6I^a\PM5IZQVM+WZX[IVL

\PM+WI[\/]IZLMVZWTTMLNWZ\PM.ITT<MZUWN !

7N \PM[MUWZM \PIV _MZM[WTLQMZ[PW][MLQV

\PM-I[\9]ILZIVOTM>I]OPIV0W][M.TM\KPMZ0ITT

IVLTMI[MLNZI\ MZVQ\aPW][M[5IVaWN \PMTI\\MZ_MZM

I IQTIJTM _Q\P \PM NITTQVO WNN WN KQ QTQIVNZI\MZVQ\a

UMV<PMW\PMZ[_MZMY]IZ\MZMLQV\PM?M[\9]IL

ZIVOTM_Q\P\PMUIRWZQ\aWN \PMWNÅKMZXMZ[WVVMTTQ^

QVOI\\PM5QKPQOIV=VQWV

<PM_IZ\QUMI\UW[XPMZMPIL[WUMIU][QVONMI\]ZM[

[]KPI[\PMLMKQ[QWV\WZM[M\KIUX][KTWKS["

¹)TQ\\TMKWVN][QWVPI[JMMVQV\PMIQZL]ZQVO\PMXI[\_MMSI[\W

_PI\\QUMQ\Q[·\PMZMI[WVJMQVO\PI\)VV)ZJWZQ[WV-I[\MZV

?IZ<QUMIVL\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aQ[WV+MV\ZIT?IZ<QUMWZIV

PW]ZMIZTQMZ\PIV \PMKQ\a <WUISM \PQVO[MI[a\PM\QUM WN

KTI[[M[PI[JMMV[M\NWZ_IZLIVPW]Z[W]VLMZ\PMVM_[a[\MU

[\]LMV\[OW\WKTI[[I\MQOP\W¼KTWKS)VV)ZJWZ\QUMIVLIZZQ^M

QV \PM KTI[[ZWWU I\ [M^MVW¼KTWKS=VQ^MZ[Q\a\QUM·WZ \PMZM

IJW]\[<WI[\ZIVOMZIZZQ^QVOQV)VV)ZJWZ\PQVO[UQOP\[MMU

ITQ\\TM[\ZIVOMI\ÅZ[\_PMVPMOM\[WNN WN \PM\ZIQVI\"NWZ

QV[\IVKMIVLNWZ\P_Q\PIZZQ^M[I\\PM5QKPQOIV=VQWVIVPW]Z

MIZTQMZº  5QKPQOIV )T]UV][2IV]IZa!X

<PM)ZUaIVL6I^aLM^MTWXMLKWTTMOMXZWOZIU[\W

I[[]ZM \PMU[MT M[I [\MILa[]XXTaWN XZWNM[[QWVITTa

\ZIQVML WNÅKMZ[ IVL \MKPVQKQIV[ ?MTKWUQVO []KP

I XZWOZIU 5QKPQOIV UILMI UIRWZ KWUUQ\UMV\\W QV[\Z]K\QVO [WTLQMZ[ [IQTWZ[ UIZQVM[ IVL KWI[\

O]IZL[UMV_Q\PQ\[W_VNIK]T\a<PM_WZSXZWKMMLML

WVIaMIZIZW]VLJI[Q[NWZ\PZMM\MZU[

1V\PM[]UUMZWN !\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a?IZ*WIZL

[]XXWZ\ML8ZM[QLMV\:]\P^MVQVPQ[XW[Q\QWV\PI\\PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\a\ISMKWV\ZIK\[NWZ\ZIQVQVO_IZXMZ[WVVMT

WVTaQN Q\QV^WT^ML][QVO=VQ^MZ[Q\aNIK]T\aUMUJMZ[

1VUIVaQV[\IVKM[\PMNIK]T\aUMUJMZ[PIL\W\ISM

ZMNZM[PMZ KW]Z[M[ \W \MIKP KTI[[M[ \PMa PIL VM^MZ

\I]OP\JMNWZM

1V\PMNITT \MZUWN !\ PMZM_MZMW^MZUQTQ

\IZaXMZ[WVVMTWVKIUX][<PM)ZUaPIL[\I\QWVML

UWZM\PIV[WTLQMZ[I\5QKPQOIV<PMa_MZM

[\]LaQVO MVOQVMMZQVO UM\MWZWTWOa NWZMQOV TIV

O]IOM[UQTQ\IZaOW^MZVUMV\WN WKK]XQML\MZZQ\WZQM[

UMLQKQVMLMV\Q[\ZaIVLUQTQ\IZaTI_<PM6I^a[MV\

[IQTWZ[UIZQVM[IVLKWI[\O]IZL[UMVNWZJI[QK

\ZIQVQVO QV [KQMVKMIVL PQ[\WZa UMLQKQVMLMV\Q[\Za

IVLVI^ITIZKPQ\MK\]ZM5WZM\PIVV]Z[M[QV\PM

;KPWWTWN 6]Z[QVO_MZMMVZWTTMLQV \PM=;+ILM\

6]Z[M[

<PMZM_I[I[QOVQÅKIV\LMKTQVMQV\PMMVZWTTUMV\[WN

\ZILQ\QWVITKQ^QTQIV[\]LMV\[0W_M^MZ\PMXZM[MVKM

WN )ZUaIVL6I^aXMZ[WVVMTJZW]OP\\PMMVZWTTUM V\

\WV]UJMZ[_PQKPLMUIVLML\PMN]TT]\QTQbI\QWVWN ITT

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a¼[NIKQTQ\QM[

<PM_IZ_WZSILUQVQ[\MZML\PZW]OP\PM,MXIZ\UMV\

WN -VOQVMMZQVO:M[MIZKPITWVMMVOIOML\PM[MZ^QKM[

WN I TIZOM[\INN 1V!_PMVUWZM\PIV\PZMM

Y]IZ\MZ[WN Q\[XZWRMK\[ZMTI\ML\W\PM_IZIJW]\XMZ[WV[_MZMMUXTWaML)[.+TM^MZ*ITLLM[KZQJML

Q\QVPQ[ZWTMI[=VQ MZ[Q\a?IZ0Q[\WZQIV"

¹;WUMLIa_PMV\PMOW MZVUMV\QUXW[ML^MQTWN [MKZMKaUIa

JMTQN\MLNZWU\PMIK\Q^Q\QM[WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a¼[,MXIZ\UMV\WN

 -VOQVMMZQVO:M[MIZKP\PZQTTQVO[\WZQM[WN [KQMV\QÅKIKPQM^MUMV\

KIVJM_ZQ\\MV6W_Q\Q[XW[[QJTMWVTa\W[]OOM[\\PM[QbMIVL

\PMQUXWZ\IVKMWN \PMZM[MIZKPXZWOZIUJaKITTQVOI\\MV\QWV\W

[QOVQÅKIV\[\I\Q[\QK[ .WZQV[\IVKM\PM \W\ITKW[\WN ZM[MIZKP

 XZWRMK\[ NWZ \PM IKILMUQK aMIZ!_I[IXXZW`QUI\MTa

<PQ[_I[\QUM[\PMÅO]ZMNWZ!

IVL\QUM[\PI\NWZ!

<PMV]UJMZWN XZWRMK\[QVXZWOZM[[WV2]Ta! _I[

-QOP\a[Q`_MZMZMKMQ^MLL]ZQVO\PMaMIZIVLMQOP\a\PZMM

_MZMKWUXTM\MLTMI^QVOXZWRMK\[IK\Q^MWV2]Ta!

 6QVM\aXMZKMV\WN\PM_WZS_I[[XWV[WZMLJaOW^MZVUMV\IOMV

KQM[IVLU]KPWN \PMZMUIQVQVO\MVXMZKMV\_PQKP_I[NWZ

QVL][\ZQITKWZXWZI\QWV[_I[LQZMK\TaZMTI\ML\W\PM_IZMNNWZ\º 

  5QKPQOIV)T]UV][,MKMUJMZ!

?PI\Q[ITT\PMUWZMZMUIZSIJTM_I[\PI\QV\PMUQL[\

WN \PQ[UI[[Q^MMNNWZ\\W[]XXWZ\\PMVI\QWV¼[_IZ\QUM

VMML[\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aUIVIOML\WZMUIQVQV\IK\I[IV

ML]KI\QWVITQV[\Q\]\QWVIVL[][\IQVQ\[KWZMIKILMUQK

XZWOZIU[

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 65/108

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 66/108

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 67/108

<PM¹-VOQVMMZQVO9]ILZIVOTMº?M[\-VOQVMMZQVOJT]M-I[\-VOQVMMZQVOOZMMV

<PMWZIVOMJ]QTLQVO[IZM\PMILLQ\QWV[IVLVM_XZWXW[MLJ]QTLQVO[

1V ! \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a KWVL]K\ML IV M`PI][\Q M

[]Z Ma IVL [\]La NWZ UMM\QVO \PM VMML[ WN \PM ^M\MZIV[ZM\]ZVQVO \W KWTTMOMNZWU _IZ\QUM[MZ^QKM

<PMZMXWZ\[\I\ML\PI\¹<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV

KWUUQ\[Q\[MTN\W\PMXZWXW[Q\QWV\PI\\PMML]KI\QWVIT

VMML[ WN _IZ[MZ^QKM ^M\MZIV[ IVL PMVKM WN \PM

KWUU]VQ\a U][\ JM UM\ \W \PM N]TTM[\ M`\MV\ Q\[

NIKQTQ\QM[_QTTITTW_º

) XTIV _I[ LM MTWXML NWZ I UIRWZ M`XIV[QWV WN

\PM -VOQVMMZQVO KIUX][ \W UMM\ \PM IV\QKQXI\ML

MVZWTTUMV\OZW_\P <PQ[XTIV[PW_VWV \PMZQOP\

MV Q[QWVML \PM LM MTWXUMV\ WN IV ¹-VOQVMMZQVO

9]ILZIVOTMº\W\PMMI[\WN \PMKIUX][ITWVO_Q\PI UIRWZM`XIV[QWVWN ?M[\-VOQVMMZQVO   5QKPQOIV

 )T]UV][,MKMUJMZ!X

=VNWZ\]VI\MTaN]VLQVO_I[TQUQ\MLQV\PMTI\M![

IVL\PQ[IUJQ\QW][XTIV_I[VM^MZZMITQbML0W_M^MZ

Q\Q[ QV\MZM[\QVO \W KWV[QLMZ\PM XTIV I[I XW[[QJTM

IT\MZVI\Q M\W\PMUW MWN \PM+WTTMOM\W\PM6WZ\P

+IUX][L]ZQVO\PM![\PZW]OP\PM![1\LWM[

[]OOM[\\PI\PIL\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aUW^MLMIZTaQ\_W]TL

PI MJMMVIJTM\WIKKWUUWLI\M\PMOZW_\PWN \PM

+WTTMOMWN-VOQVMMZQVO_PQTMSMMXQVOQ\QV\IK\WV\PM

+MV\ZIT+IUX][

87;<?):84)6616/

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 68/108

!

<PMVM_ILLQ\QWVWXMVMLQV!\WPW][M\PM

,MXIZ\UMV\[ WN -TMK\ZQKIT -VOQVMMZQVO IVL

)MZWVI]\QKIT-VOQVMMZQVO_PQTM6I^IT)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM

IVL+Q^QT-VOQVMMZQVO\WWSW^MZ\PM^IKI\ML[XIKM

QV?M[\-VOQVMMZQVO5WZM[XMKQÅKITTa)MZWVI]\QKIT

-VOQVMMZQVOWKK]XQML\PMMV\QZMÅZ[\ÆWWZWN\PMVM_

_QVO_PQTM-TMK\ZQKIT-VOQVMMZQVOWKK]XQMLUW[\WN

\PMZMUIQVLMZWN \PMÆWWZ[_Q\PJW\PLMXIZ\UMV\[

[PIZQVO[XIKMQV\PMJI[MUMV\IVLNW]Z\PÆWWZ

)UWVO\PMUWLMZVNIKQTQ\QM[UILMI^IQTIJTM\W\PM

,MXIZ\UMV\WN )MZWVI]\QKIT-VOQVMMZQVO_MZM QV[\Z]UMV\I\QWVLaVIUQK[IVL XZWX]T[QWV TIJWZI\W

ZQM[7V\PM\WXÆWWZWN \PMVM_ILLQ\QWV_I[IT[WIV

IMZWLaVIUQK[TIJWZI\WZa_PQKPPW][MLI[UITT_QVL

\]VVMTI[UWSM\]VVMTIVLIVI`QITÆW_JTW_MZ

1V \PM JI[MUMV\ WN \PM J]QTLQVO \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\

WN -TMK\ZQKIT -VOQVMMZQVO WKK]XQML \PZMM IT\MZVI\

QVOK]ZZMV\IVL \_WLQZMK\K]ZZMV\ TIJWZI\WZQM[QV

ILLQ\QWV\WWVMLaVIUWUM\MZIVLWVMXPW\WUM\ZQK

TIJWZI\WZaIVQV[\Z]UMV\ZWWULIZSZWWUIVL[\WZM

ZWWU7V\PM[MKWVLÆWWZ_I[IKWV\ZWTZWWUIVL

TIJWZI\WZQM[ NWZ QVL][\ZQIT PMI\QVO ZMK\QÅMZ PMI\

\ZIV[NMZ[UITTUW\WZ[IVL[MZ^WUMKPIVQ[U[<PQZL

ÆWWZ NIKQTQ\QM[ QVKT]LML WNÅKM [XIKM I KWUX]\QVO

ZWWUIVLTIJWZI\WZQM[NWZQV[]TI\QWVZILQWQV[\Z]

UMV\I\QWV UMI[]ZMUMV\[ KITQJZI\QWV UIOVM\WV[

IVLUQKZW_I^M\]JM[

7V \PM \WX ÆWWZ _I[ ILLQ\QWVIT WNÅKM [XIKM IV

QV[\Z]UMV\I\QWV ZWWU I [PQMTLML ZWWU IVL UWZM

TIJWZI\WZQM[ NWZ MTMK\ZWVQK[ PQOP NZMY]MVKa ]T\ZI

PQOPNZMY]MVKa\MTMXPWVMIVL\MTMOZIXPZILIZUQ

KZW_I^MIVLMTMK\ZWV\]JM[

-I[\-VOQVMMZQVO)LLQ\QWVZQOP\ -I[\-VOQVMMZQVO)LLQ\QWV+TI[[ZWWU[

1V\PMNITTWN !R][\XZQWZ\W?WZTL?IZ11\PM

+WTTMOM_I[\PW]OP\\WPI^MZMIKPMLQ\[MVZWTTUMV\

KIXIKQ\aI\AM\I[\PM_IZMVLMLIVL^M\MZIV

[\]LMV\[ ZM\]ZVML \PM +WTTMOM¼[ MVZWTTUMV\ PIL

OZW_V \W W MZ QV ! QVKT]LQVO !

 ^M\MZIV[

<PMLQTMUUINIKQVO\PM+WTTMOM_I[NIUQTQIZ"-Q\PMZ

ZML]KMMVZWTTUMV\[WZJ]QTLVM_NIKQTQ\QM[)T\PW]OP

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aLQLVW\PI^M\PMKIXIKQ\a\WTI]VKP\PM

UI[[Q^MXTIVLM^MTWXMLQV!Q\LQLKWUUQ\\PM

N]VL[\WM`XIVL-I[\-VOQVMMZQVO

![

7V2IV]IZa!\PMVM_TaIXXWQV\MLXZM[QLMV\;XIKM_I[[\QTTQVILMY]I\M\WIKKWUUWLI\M\PMXW[\

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 69/108

0IZTIV0I\KPMZ

?QTJ]Z8QMZXWV\

WN \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a 0IZTIV 0I\KPMZ PMTL I XZM[[

KWVNMZMVKM \W IVVW]VKM XTIV[ NWZ I VM_ 6WZ\P

+IUX][NWZ\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a"

¹<PMQVKZMI[QVOZM[XWV[QJQTQ\QM[IVLLMUIVL[]XWV\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a IVL\PMXZWRMK\QWVWN VMKM[[IZa OZW_\PQV \PMN]\]ZM

PI^MUILMQ\QUXMZI\Q^M\PI\XTIV[NWZM`XIV[QWVJMNWZU]TI\ML

VW_7N KW]Z[M\PMZMU][\JM[WUMN]Z\PMZKWV[\Z]K\QWVWV\PM

 XZM[MV\KIUX][ J]\_M SVW_VW_ \PI\ \PMZMQ[ VW\ ILMY]I\M

[XIKMNWZIVMVZWTTUMV\WN [\]LMV\[WZUWZM_PQKPQ\Q[

ZMI[WVIJTM\WIV\QKQXI\MQV\PM!¼[º  5QKPQOIV )T]UV][

!X

3Ma QV\PQ[ UI[[Q M M`XIV[QWV XTIV _I[ \PM >QKM

8ZM[QLMV\ NWZ *][QVM[[ IVL .QVIVKM ?QTJ]Z 3

8QMZXWV\ )VI\Q^M5QKPQOIVLMZ 8QMZXWV\OZIL]

I\MLNZWU+MV\ZIT;\I\M<MIKPMZ[+WTTMOMQV!)N\MZ\MIKPQVOPQOP[KPWWTUI\PMUI\QK[IVLKWIKP

QVOJI[SM\JITTI\*MTLQVO5QKPQOIV PMLMKQLML\W

KWUM \W \PM =VQ MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIVNWZ OZIL]I\M

_WZS1V!PMMIZVMLI5I[\MZ¼[LMOZMMQV*][Q

VM[[)LUQVQ[\ZI\QWVIVL\PMVI8P,,]ZQVO??11

PM_WZSMLI[IXZQKMIVITa[\QV\PM?IZ,MXIZ\UMV\

IVL[MZ MLQV\PM.Q[KIT,MXIZ\UMV\WN \PM*]ZMI]

WN 7ZLQVIVKMI[I6I a4QM]\MVIV\

1V!8QMZXWV\ZM\]ZVML\W\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a\W_WZS

ÅZ[\ _Q\P 8ZM[QLMV\ :]\P^MV IVL \PMV 8ZM[QLMV\

0I\KPMZ I[ \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a¼[ KPQMN ÅVIVKQIT WNÅKMZ<PMMIZTaX]ZKPI[MIVLLM^MTWXUMV\WN \PM 6WZ\P

+IUX][ KIV JM \ZIKML \W 8QMZXWV\ _PW [I_ \PM

VMML[WN \PM OZW_QVO=VQ^MZ[Q\a 0Q[KWV\ZQJ]\QWV[

_MZMTI\MZ PWVWZMLQV !!Ja \PM VIUQVO WN \PM

?QTJ]ZIVL5I`QVM8QMZXWV\+WUUWV[

_IZOZW_\PWN-VOQVMMZQVOIVLM^MVUWZM[WNWZ\PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\a1VIV\QKQXI\QWVWN \PQ[O ZW_QVOVMML\PM

:MOMV\[ PIL JMO]V \W IKY]QZM NIZUTIVL XZWXMZ\a

WV\PM[TWXQVOPQTT[TaQVOR][\ \W\PMVWZ\PMI[\WN \PM

0]ZWV:Q^MZ

)T\PW]OP \PMZM _MZM [WUM MIZTa \PW]OP\[ OQ MV

\W ZMTWKI\QVO \PM ;KPWWT WN -L]KI\QWV 6I\]ZIT

:M[W]ZKM[ 5][QK IVL .QVM )Z\[ \W \PM 6WZ\P

+IUX][\PMKWV[\Z]K\QWVWN \PM8PWMVQ`5MUWZQIT

8ZWRMK\ [WWV ZMX]ZXW[ML \PM [Q\M NWZ MVOQVMMZQVO

ZM[MIZKP 5WZM [XMKQÅKITTa \PM MIZTa XTIV[ NWZ\PM

6WZ\P+IUX][QVKT]LML"

<PM KWV[ \Z]K\QWV WN \PM +WWT Ma 5MUWZQIT

4IJWZI\WZa \W PW][M \PM MTMK\ZWVQK[ ZM[MIZKP

I[[WKQI\ML_Q\P\PM?QTTW_:]V4IJWZI\WZQM[

<PMKWV[\Z]K\QWVWN \PM8PWMVQ`5MUWZQIT

4IJWZI\WZa

<PMKWV[\Z]K\QWVWN \PMI]\WUW\Q^MTIJWZI\WZaIVL

I[\WZIOMTQJZIZa

<PMLM^MTWXUMV\WN \PM ZM[\WN \PM KIUX][_W]TL

XZWKMML I[ VMML[ IZW[M IVL N]VL[ _MZM [MK]ZML

8W[[QJTMXZWRMK\[[]OOM[\MLNWZ\PMTWVOZIVOMN]\]ZM

QVKT]LMLI ÅVMIZ\[KMV\MZ _PMZM\MIKPQVO NIKQTQ\QM[

QVU][QK\PMI\MZ\MTM^Q[QWVIZKPQ\MK\]ZMIVLLM[QOVKW]TLJMKWVKMV\ZI\ML#ZM[QLMVKMPITT[IVLU]T\QXTM

PW][QVO]VQ\[NWZJW\P[QVOTMIVLUIZZQML[\]LMV\[

IVL [\INN# IVL NIKQTQ\QM[ NWZ \PM [\]La WN VI\]ZIT

ZM[W]ZKM[

![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 70/108

 

)^QM_WN \PMNIZUTIVLIKZW[[\PM0]ZWV:Q^MZNZWU\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a0W[XQ\IT

<PMVW\ML.QVVQ[PIZKPQ\MK\-MZW;IIZQVMV\PMVLQZMK\WZWN \PM+ZIVJZWWS1V[\Q\]\M

![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 71/108

 -MZW;IIZQVMV

<PM;IIZQVMV8TIVNWZ\PM6WZ\P+IUX][

IVL\PM[WVWN \PMNWZUMZ=VQ^MZ[Q\aNIK]T\aUMUJMZ-TQMT;IIZQVMV_I[ZM\IQVML

QV!\W LM^MTWX\PMUI[\MZXTIVNWZ \PM6WZ\P+IUX][ [Q\M;IIZQVMV_I[WVM WN

\PMUW[\KZMI\Q^MIZKPQ\MK\[WN \PM\P+MV\]ZaVW\MLNWZPQ[JWTLLM[QOV[QVKT]LQVO

,]TTM[1V\MZVI\QWVIT)QZXWZ\\PM;\4W]Q[)ZKPIVL\PMZM[QLMV\QITKWTTMOM[I\AITM

1ZWVQKITTaI\\PM\QUM;IIZQVMV_I[KWUUQ[[QWVML\WLM^MTWX\PMXTIVNWZ\PM6WZ\P

+IUX][PM_I[R][\KWUXTM\QVO\PMLM[QOVNWZ\PM/MVMZIT5W\WZ[<MKPVQKIT+MV\MZ

QV?IZZMV5QKPQOIV<PMZMQ[ I [\ZQSQVO[QUQTIZQ\a JM\_MMV\PM \_WLM[QOV[ M^MV

QVKT]LQVOIVM`PQJQ\QWVLWUM\aXQKIT WN I]\WUWJQTMLM^MTWXUMV\KMV\MZ[\WLQ[XTIa

VM_UWLMT[

<PM +WTTMOM WN -VOQVMMZQVO OZM_ IVL ÆW]ZQ[PML

L Q P T N PQ Q L L Q P

![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 72/108

 

/MWZOM/ZIVOMZ*ZW_V

!!

<PMÅZ[\J]QTLQVO\WJMKWUXTM\MLWV\PM6WZ\P+IUX][_I[\PM+WWTMa5MUWZQIT4IJWZI\WZaQV!5]KP

WN \PMKTI[[QÅMLZM[MIZKPI[[WKQI\ML_Q\P?QTTW_:]V_I[KWVL]K\MLQV\PM+WWTMa4IJWZI\WZa

5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa5MUWZQIT4IJWZI\WZa

L]ZQVO\PMMIZTaXIZ\WN \PQ[XMZQWLL]MQVXIZ\\W\PM

QUXWZ\IVKMWN MVOQVMMZQVOML]KI\QWVIVLZM[MIZKP\W

VI\QWVIT[MK]ZQ\aI[_MTTI[\W\PMNWZKMN]TTMILMZ[PQX

WN ,MIV /MWZOM /ZIVOMZ *ZW_V I LQ[\QVO]Q[PML

NIK]T\a UMUJMZ IVL KPIQZ WN \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN+PMUQKITIVL5M\ITT]ZOQKIT-VOQVMMZQVO

*ZW_VPIL[MZ^MLWV\PM5QKPQOIVNIK]T\aNWZW^MZ

aMIZ[I[ITMILMZQVKPMUQKITMVOQVMMZQVOML]KI

\QWVIVLZM[MIZKPLM^MTWXQVO\PMSMa \M`\JWWSNWZ

=VQ\7XMZI\QWV[IVL\PMVI[KPIQZUIVWN \PM,M

XIZ\UMV\WN +PMUQKIT IVL5M\ITT]ZOQKIT-VOQVMMZ

QVO)[LMIVPMLM^MTWXML\PMMIZTaXTIV[NWZ\PM

MVOQVMMZQVOTIJWZI\WZQM[WV\PM6WZ\P+IUX][IVL

_I[SMa QVJ]QTLQVOQVL][\ZQIT[]XXWZ\WN \PM+WT

TMOM0M_I[IT[WQV[\Z]UMV\ITQVLM^MTWXQVOVM_

XZWOZIU[[]KP I[ [KQMVKMMVOQVMMZQVOIVL V]KTMIZMVOQVMMZQVO)T\PW]OPPQ[\MV]ZMI[LMIV_I[ZMTI

\Q^MTa[PWZ\PMU][\JMZMOIZLMLI[WVMWN \PMUW[\

[QOVQÅKIV\TMILMZ[WN\PM+WTTMOM

6=+4-):-6/16--:16/<0-807-61@8:72-+<

![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 73/108

 

)T\PW]OPUIVaIKILMUQKXZWOZIU[QV\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

_MZM QV^WT ML QV \PM 5QKPQOIV 5MUWZQIT 8PWMVQ

8ZWRMK\\PM +WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVOPIL I XIZ\QK]TIZ

ZM[XWV[QJQTQ\a \W LM MTWX JW\P QV[\Z]K\QWVIT IVLZM[MIZKPXZWOZIU[QVV]KTMIZMVMZOa<PMÅZ[\KW]Z[MQV

V]KTMIZMVMZOaIXXTQKI\QWV[_I[\I]OP\QV\PM+WTTMOM

WN -VOQVMMZQVO QV ! WVTaÅ^M aMIZ[ IN\MZ -VZQKW

.MZUQÅZ[\ LMUWV[\ZI\MLI KWV\ZWTTML Å[[QWVZMIK\QWV

L]ZQVO\PM5IVPI\\IV8ZWRMK\1V!\PMKW]V\Za¼[

ÅZ[\OZIL]I\MXZWOZIUQV6]KTMIZ-VOQVMMZQVOJMOIV

I[ IV QV\MZLMXIZ\UMV\IT XZWOZIU <PM []KKM[[ WN

\PQ[OZIL]I\MXZWOZIUTML\W\PMM[\IJTQ[PUMV\WN \PM

,MXIZ\UMV\ WN 6]KTMIZ -VOQVMMZQVO QV! <PM

,MXIZ\UMV\OZIV\MLWVTaOZIL]I\MLMOZMM[]V\QT!

_PMV\PM]VLMZOZIL]I\MXZWOZIU_I[JMO]V

1V2]TaWN !!\PM VIUM_I[KPIVOML\W \PM,MXIZ\

UMV\WN 6]KTMIZ -VOQVMMZQVO IVL :ILQWTWOQKIT ;KQ

MVKM[\WUWZMIKK]ZI\MTaZMÆMK\\PMJZWILZM[MIZKPIVL

\MIKPQVOIK\Q^Q\QM[QV\PM,MXIZ\UMV\

8PWMVQ`5MUWZQIT4IJWZI\WZa

7VMWN \PMÅZ[\IVLUW[\ QUXWZ\IV\XZWRMK\[NWZ\PM

VM_6WZ\P+IUX][[Q\M_I[\PM8PWMVQ`5MUWZQIT

4IJWZI\WZa .WTTW_QVO \PM _IZ \PMZM _I[ [\ZWVO

=VQ MZ[Q\a QV\MZM[\ QV KZMI\QVO I Å\\QVO UMUWZQIT\WPWVWZ \PM! 5QKPQOIVUMV IVL_WUMV_PW

PIL NITTMV QV_IZ\QUM[MZ QKM 1\_I[ \PM [\]LMV\[

\PMU[MT M[ UIVa WN _PWU _MZM ^M\MZIV[ _PW

XZWXW[ML\PI\ZI\PMZ\PIVJ]QTL¹I UW]VLWN [\WVM

\PMX]ZXW[MWN _PQKPUQOP\ [WWVJMNWZOW\\MVº\PM

=VQ MZ[Q\a QV[\MIL KZMI\M I XZWRMK\ \PI\ _W]TL IQL

UIVSQVLQVTQ^QVOQVI_IZNZMM_WZTL

<W \PQ[MVLQV 5Ia ! \PM:MOMV\[ILWX\MLI

ZM[WT]\QWV \PI\¹\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIVKZMI\M

I ?IZ5MUWZQIT +MV\MZ \WM`XTWZM\PM _Ia[ IVL

UMIV[Ja_PQKP\PMXW\MV\QITQ\QM[WN I\WUQKMVMZOaUIaJMKWUMIJMVMÅKMV\QVÆ]MVKMQV\PMTQNMWN UIV

\WJMSVW_VI[\PM8PWMVQ`8ZWRMK\WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

WN 5QKPQOIVº8ZM[QLMV\:]\P^MVKITTML\PM8PWMVQ`

XZWRMK\ ¹\PM UW[\ QUXWZ\IV\ ]VLMZ\ISQVO QV \PM

=VQ MZ[Q\a¼[ PQ[\WZaº -^MV 8ZM[QLMV\ -Q[MVPW_MZ

PQOPTQOP\ML\PMQUXWZ\IVKMWN \PM8PWMVQ`8ZWRMK\"

¹.M_KI][M[IZMUWZM]ZOMV\\WLIaIVLUWZM VW\M_WZ\PaWN

  aW]Z []XXWZ\ 1V _IZ WZ QV XMIKM \PM I\WUQK ZM[MIZKP JMQVO

LWVMI\\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a WN 5QKPQOIV_QTT[\ ZMVO\PMV)UMZQKIº

  5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK,MKMUJMZ!

*MKI][M\PM 8PWMVQ`8ZWRMK\ _W]TL ]\QTQbM\PM ÅZ[\V]KTMIZZMIK\WZ \W JM KWV[\Z]K\ML WV I =VQ MZ[Q\a

KIUX][Q\_I[VI\]ZIT\WTWKI\MQ\[TIJWZI\WZaWV\PM

6WZ\P+IUX][

![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 74/108

!

1V! \PM8PWMVQ`5MUWZQIT4IJWZI\WZa_I[ KWUXTM\ML1\ _I[\PM ZM[]T\WN

\PM8PWMVQ 5MUWZQIT8ZWRMK\ <PM.WZL 6]KTMIZ:MIK\WZ _I[KWUXTM\ML QV

!1\_I[\PMÅZ[\ZMIK\WZVW\QVITIZOMNMVKMLQVIZMIIVL\PMTIZOM[\WVIVa

KIUX][_Q\PIXW_MZTM MTWN\_WUQTTQWV_I\\[

<PM)]\WUW\Q^M-VOQVMMZQVO4IJWZI\WZa_PQKPPILXZM^QW][TaJMMVQVITMIV\W

VM`\\W\PM-VOQVMMZQVO;PWX[?M[\-VOQVMMZQVO)VVM`_I[ZMTWKI\MLQVIVM_

6WZ\P+IUX][J]QTLQVOWXMVMLQV7K\WJMZWN !

.WZL6]KTMIZ:MIK\WZIVL8PWMVQ`4IJWZI\WZa)]\WUW\Q M-VOQVMMZQVO4IJWZI\WZa+WWTMa4IJWZI\WZa

4QJZIZa)VVM 8ZQV\QVO;MZ QKM[)MZWVI]\QKIT-VOQVMMZQVO?QVL<]VVMT[IVL8ZWX]T[QWV4IJWZI\WZa

<PM)MZWVI]\QKIT-VOQVMMZQVO,MXIZ\UMV\IT[WUW^MLQ\[ZM[MIZKPIK\Q^Q\QM[\W

\PM6WZ\P+IUX][QV! <PM)MZWVI]\QKIT-VOQVMMZQVO4IJWZI\WZQM[KWV

[Q[\MLWN \_WJ]QTLQVO[WVMWN _PQKPPW][ML\PM[]XMZ[WVQKIVLTW_\]ZJ]TMVKM

_QVL\]VVMT[IVL\PMW\PMZNWZXZWX]T[QWVZM[MIZKP<PM+WTTMOMIT[WJ]QT\ITIZOM

ZM[MIZKPTIJWZI\WZaNWZÆ]QLLaVIUQK[ZM[MIZKPÅZ[\SVW_V[QUXTaI[\PM.T]QL[

4IJWZI\WZaIVLTI\MZZMVIUML\PM//*ZW_V4IJWZI\WZa

<PMJ]QTLQVO[I\\PMTW_MZZQOP\ WN \PQ[XPW\WOZIXP _MZM\PM6WZ\P+IUX][4Q

JZIZa)VVM`IVL8ZQV\QVO;MZ^QKM[

 

 

<PM +WTTMOM WN -VOQVMMZQVO XTIaML IV QUXWZ\IV\

ZWTM QV W\PMZ IZMI[ WN VI\QWVIT[MK]ZQ\a L]ZQVO \PM

XW[\ _IZ LMKILM[ .WTTW_QVO ?WZTL ?IZ 11 \PM

<PM +WTTMOM¼[ [\ZWVO ZMX]\I\QWV QV IMZW[XIKM

MVOQVMMZQVO IVL [XIKM [KQMVKM VW\ WVTa I\\ZIK\ML

[QOVQÅKIV\ N]VLQVO NZWU 6);) J]\ I[ _MTT \PM

![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 75/108

XW[\_IZ LMKILM[ .WTTW_QVO ?WZTL ?IZ 11 \PM

=VQ MZ[Q\aLM^MTWXMLTIJWZI\WZQM[I\ \PM[Q\MWN \PM

WTL?QTTW_:]V*WUJMZ8TIV\\WKWVL]K\ZM[MIZKP

WV \PM \MKPVWTWOQM[ WN ZILIZ QVNZIZML IKW][\QK[

[MQ[UQK QVNWZUI\QWV XZWKM[[QVO IVL VI QOI\QWVIVL O]QLIVKM 5IVa WN \PM NIK]T\a UMUJMZ[ WN

\PM +WTTMOM XIZ\QK]TIZTa NZWU \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN

-TMK\ZQKIT-VOQVMMZQVOJMKIUM IK\Q^MTaQV^WT^MLQV

\PM?QTTW_:]V4IJWZI\WZQM[¼8ZWRMK\5QKPQOIV\PM

MNNWZ\ \WLM^MTWX \PM\MKPVWTWOQM[ WN ZILIZZMUW\M

[MV[QVOIVL[I\MTTQ\MQUIOQVO

<PM +WTT MOM WN -VOQVM MZQVO IT[W XTIaM L IV

QUXWZ\IV\ ZWTM QV \PM VI\QWV¼[ [XIKM XZWOZIU 1\[

IMZWVI]\QKIT MVOQVMMZQVO XZWOZIU PIL TWVO JMMV

IVI\QWVITTMILMZIVLI[\PM[XIKMXZWOZIUJMOIV

\WLM^MTWXQV\PM![\PM+WTTMOMZMVIUMLQ\\PM,MXIZ\UMV\ WN )MZW[XIKM -VOQVMMZQVO IVLILLML

I V]UJMZWN VM_ÅMTL[[]KPI[ ZWKSM\XZWX]T[QWV

WZJQ\ITUMKPIVQK[IVL[XIKM[KQMVKM)UIRWZ6);)

TIJWZI\WZa QV [XIKM XPa[QK[ _I[ M[\IJTQ[PML _Q\P

M`\MV[Q^MKIXIJQTQ\QM[QV]XXMZI\UW[XPMZMZM[MIZKP

IVL[I\MTTQ\MQV[\Z]UMV\I\QWV

<PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN )\UW[XPM ZQK IVL ;XIKM

;KQMVKMI[[WKQI\ML_Q\P\PM;XIKM8Pa[QK[:M[MIZKP

4IJWZI\WZaJMKIUMWVMWN \PM_WZTLTMILMZ[QV[XIKM

IVLXTIVM\IZa[KQMVKM[

[QOVQÅKIV\ N]VLQVO NZWU 6);) J]\ I[ _MTT \PM

\ZIQVQVOZM[XWV[QJQTQ\QM[NWZI V]UJMZWN I[\ZWVI]\[

1VNIK\\PMMV\QZM\PZMMUIVKZM_WN \PM)XWTTW

UWWV UQ[[QWV KWV[Q[\ML WN 5QKPQOIV MVOQVMMZQVO

OZIL]I\M[ TMILQVO\W \PMM[\IJTQ[PUMV\WN \PMÅZ[\=VQ MZ[Q\a WN 5QKPQOIV )T]UVQ KPIX\MZ QV W]\MZ

[XIKM

*a\PMMVLWN\PM![WVMKW]TL_MTTUISM\PMKI[M

\PI\\PM +WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVO_I[ I_WZTLTMILMZ

QVUIVaWN \PMUW[\M`W\QKIZMI[WN PQOP\MKPVWTWOa"

V]KTMIZMVMZOaIMZW[XIKMMVOQVMMZQVO[XIKM[KQMVKM

IVLKWUX]\MZMVOQVMMZQVO1\[OZIL]I\M[[XZMILW]\

\WXZW^QLMTMILMZ[PQXQV\PM[MÅMTL[IKZW[[\PMVI\QWV

IZW]VL\PM_WZTL·IVLM^MVQV\WW]\MZ[XIKM

)XWTTW"<PM5QKPQOIV5Q[[QWV\W\PM5WWV

/MUQVQ)[\ZWVI]\[)T?WZLMVIVL2QU5K,Q^Q\\

<PQ[ ÆIO _I[ KIZZQML

IJWIZL )XWTTW L]ZQVO\PM ÅZ[\ M`\MVLML [KQMV\QÅK

M`XTWZI\QWV WN \PM UWWV

 2]Ta)]O][\!

![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 76/108

5][QK;KPWWT6WZ\P+IUX][+WUUWV[1V[\Q\]\MWN ;KQMVKMIVL<MKPVWTWOa.T]QL[4IJWZI\WZa

)T\PW]OP\PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVO_I[ \PMÅZ[\UIRWZ =VQ^MZ[Q\aIKILMUQK]VQ\MIZUIZSMLNWZ UW^QVO\W\PM6WZ\P +IUX][\PQ[WJRMK\Q^M_I[ [WWV[M\I[QLM QV

XZMNMZMVKM\WW\PMZ=VQ^MZ[Q\aXZQWZQ\QM[.QZ[\\PM ;KPWWTWN 5][QK_I[OQ^MVIUIRWZVM_KWUXTM`WV\PM6WZ\P+IUX][!Q\[J]QTLQVOLM[ QOVMLJa-MZW;IIZQVM V

PQU[MTNNWTTW_ML[WWVIN\MZ_IZL[Ja\PM;KPWWTWN )ZKPQ\MK\]ZMIVL,M[QOVIVL TI\MZQV!\ PM;KPWWTWN )Z\_PMV Q\[MXIZI\MLNZWU)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM<PM6WZ\P

+IUX][+WUUWV[VW_ZMVIUML\PM8QMZXWV\+WUUWV[!IVL\PM+PZa[TMZ+MV\MZNWZ+WV\QV]QVO-VOQVMMZQVO-L]KI\QWV![WWVNWTTW_ML

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aIT[WTWKI\MLW\PMZUIRWZZM[MIZKPNIKQTQ\QM[WV\PM6WZ\P+IUX][QVKT]LQVO\PM+aKTW\ZWV4IJWZI\WZa8Pa[QK[\PM1V[\Q\]\MWN ;KQMVKMIVL<MKPVWTWOa

!IVW\PMZ;IIZQVMVJ]QTLQVOIVL\PM0QOP_Ia;INM\a:M[MIZKP1V[\Q\]\M!

)\\_WWL _I[ NWTTW_ML Ja /WZLWV >IV ?aTMV

IVW\PMZ [\ZWVO NIK]T\a UMUJMZ IVL KPIQZUIV<PMTI\M![IVL![_MZMILQNÅK]T\XMZQWLNWZ

MVOQVMMZQVO ML]KI\QWV QV OMVMZIT IVL \PM +WTTMOM

+0)44-6/-;7.<0-![![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 77/108

;\M^MV)\\_WWL

!!

/WZLWV>IV?aTMV

//*ZW_V¼[[\ZWVOTMILMZ[PQX_I[K]\[PWZ\JaPQ[

XZMUI\]ZMLMI\P;\MXPMV)\\_WWLI[MVQWZNIK]T\a

UMUJMZNWZUMZKPIQZWN MTMK\ZQKITMVOQVMMZQVOIVL

IK\QVO LMIV WN \PM +WTTMOM _I[ VIUML LMIV WNMVOQVMMZQVOIT\PW]OPPM_I[ITZMILaI\\PM\QUM

)\\_WWL[MZ^MLQV\PMZWTMNWZaMIZ[1\_I[VW\I

\QUMWN [QOVQÅKIV\XZWOZM[[NWZ\PM+WTTMOMI[ JW\P

VI\QWVITIVL=VQ^MZ[Q\aXZQWZQ\QM[JMOIV\W[PQN\I_Ia

NZWU[KQMVKMIVL\MKPVWTWOa\W[WKQITXZWOZIU[

)\\_WWLXTIaMLIVW\PMZQUXWZ\IV\ZWTMQV=VQ^MZ[Q\a

WN 5QKPQOIVPQ[\WZa"

¹8MZPIX[Q\_W]TLJMI[INMOMVMZITQbI\QWV\WI[[]UM\PI\M^MZa

[\]LMV\WV\PMKIUX][PI[I\WVM\QUMWZIVW\PMZ_WVLMZML

_PMVKMKIUM\PM\ZILQ\QWV\PI\_WUMVU][\VW\IVL[PITTVW\MV\MZ\PMNZWV\LWWZWN \PM=VQWV.ZWUW]ZW_VXZQ^I\M[W]ZKM[

\PMVM_[\PI\Q\_I[UWZMWZTM[[L]M\W\PM!XZM[QLMV\WN

\PMVW_LMN]VK\;\]LMV\+W]VKQT;\M^MV;)\\_WWL0W_

M^MZ_PMVI[SML\WKWZZWJWZI\M\PQ[NIK\\PMOMVQITaM\ZM\QKMV\

 5Z )\\_WWL XZWNM[[ML \PI\ UMUWZa Q[ I\ JM[\ IV ]VKMZ\IQV

\PQVOIVLLMKTQVML\WKWUUQ\PQU[MTN?MLWVW\\PQVS\PI\PM

_QTTUQVLJMQVO»M`XW[ML¼NWZQVNIK\Q\WJTQOI\M[][UMV\W\PM

M`\MV\WN ILMJ\WN OZI\Q\]LMº   5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK7K\WJMZ

!

O a

WN \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN 5MKPIVQKIT -VOQVMMZQVO

>IV ?aTMV PIL MIZVML ZMKWOVQ\QWV NWZ PQ[ _WZS

QV \PMZ UWLaVIUQK[ IVL I]\PWZQVO I _QLMT a

][ML \M \JWWS WV \PQ[ []JRMK\ KWI]\PWZML _Q\P

:QKPIZL;WVV\IO IT[WTI\MZI KPIQZ WN 5MKPIVQKIT

-VOQVMMZQVO)[LMIVPMTML\PM+WTTMOML]ZQVOI

\ZIV[Q\QWV XMZQWL NZWU \PMPQOPXWQV\ WN \PM[XIKM

ZIKM \W \PM LIa[ WN [\]LMV\ XZW\M[\[ IVL PW[\QTQ\a

\W_IZL \MKPVWTWOa ,M[XQ\M PQ[ KWVKMZ\ML MNNWZ\[

\PM+WTTMOM_I[IJTM\WUISMWVTaUWLM[\XZWOZM[[

\W_IZLKWUXTM\QVOQ\[UW^M\W\PM6WZ\P+IUX][

_Q\P WVTa I [UITTJ]QTLQVO NWZ \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN

)MZW[XIKM -VOQVMMZQVO >IV ?aTMV IT[W XZM[QLML

W^MZI[PQN\QV+WTTMOMXZQWZQ\QM[I_IaNZWUOZIL]I\M

ML]KI\QWVIVLZM[MIZKP\W]VLMZOZIL]I\MQV[\Z]K\QWV

0M[\MXXMLLW_VQV !\W JMKWUMXZM[QLMV\ WN 0WXM+WTTMOM

O O O O

WN -VOQVMMZQVO QV XIZ\QK]TIZ <PM MVL WN \PM

[XIKM ZIKM IV]VXWX]TIZ _IZQV >QM\VIU IVLIV

MUMZOQVO MV QZWVUMV\IT UW MUMV\ ITT KWV MZOML

\W]VLMZUQVMX]JTQKKWVÅLMVKMQV\MKPVWTWOa<PM+WTTMOM WN -VOQVMMZQVO NMT\\PM[M [PQN\QVO VI\QWVIT

XZQWZQ\QM[JW\P\PZW]OP\PMLMKTQVMQVNMLMZITZM[MIZKP

[]XXWZ\IVLQV[\]LMV\QV\MZM[\QVMVOQVMMZQVOKIZMMZ[

QV \PM MIZTa ![ IT\PW]OP \PM KWZZM[XWVLQVO

MVZWTTUMV\LZWX_I[UWLM[\IVLJZQMN

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aZM[XWVLMLJaMUXPI[QbQVOIKILMUQK

XZWOZIU[QVIZMI[[]KPI[-L]KI\QWV;WKQIT?WZS

8]JTQK0MIT\P,MV\Q[\ZaJ]QTLQVO\PMTIZOM[\LMV\IT

[KPWWTQV\PMVI\QWVIVL5MLQKQVMTI]VKPQVO\PM

:MXTIKMUMV\0W[XQ\IT8ZWRMK\I[WVMWN \PMTIZOM[\

KWV[\Z]K\QWVXZWRMK\[QV\PMPQ[\WZaWN \PM[\I\M

*]\M^MVUWZM [QOVQÅKIV\ _I[\PM KWV\QV]I\QWVWN

\PM![\ZMVL\PI\[I_=VQ^MZ[Q\a[]XXWZ\WN \PM

+WTTMOM LMKTQVM [\QTT N]Z\PMZ )T\PW]OP \PM +WTTMOM

M`XMZQMVKML []ZOQVO MVZWTTUMV\[ L]ZQVO \PM TI\\MZ

 aMIZ[WN \PM![OZW_QVOJaITUW[\L]ZQVO\PM

LMKILM \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aIK\]ITTaK]\ Q\[QV[\Z]K\QWVIT

J]LOM\JaITUW[\WVM\PQZL.]Z\PMZUWZM\PMTWVO

I_IQ\ML UW^M WN \PM +WTTMOM W]\ WN Q\[ LMKIaQVO

NIKQTQ\QM[ QV ?M[\ IVL -I[\ -VOQVMMZQVO IVL QV\W

VM_NIKQTQ\QM[ WV \PM 6WZ\P +IUX][ [\ITTML QV \PM

NIKMWN W\PMZ =VQ MZ[Q\aXZQWZQ\QM[QVKT]LQVOUIRWZVM_J]QTLQVO[WV\PM6WZ\P+IUX][NWZ\PM;KPWWT[

WN 5][QK )Z\ )ZKPQ\MK\]ZM IVL =ZJIV 8TIVVQVO

IVLM^MVNWZZM[MIZKP]VQ\[[]KPI[\PM1V[\Q\]\MWN

;KQMVKMIVL<MKPVWTWOa

,MIV:IOWVM_I[OQ^MV\PMI[[QOVUMV\WN TMILQVO

I UIRWZ XZQ I\MN]VLZIQ[QVO KIUXIQOV \PI\_W]TL

+0)44-6/-;7.<0-![![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 78/108

?PMV,MIV/WZLWV>IV?aTMVZM[QOVML\WIKKMX\

\PM XZM[QLMVKa WN 0WXM +WTTMOM \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a

WN 5QKPQOIV IN\MZ I JZQMN [MIZKP VIUML ,I QL

:IOWVM \W JM \PM VM`\ LMIV WN \PM +WTTMOM )V

51< OZIL]I\M :IOWVM KIUM \W \PM +WTTMOM I[

Q\[ LMIV IN\MZ I JZQMN \_WaMIZ XMZQWL I[LMIVWN

\PM <PIaMZ ;KPWWT WN -VOQVMMZQVO I\ ,IZ\UW]\P

:IOWVM PIL JMMV I XZWNM[[WZ WN UM\ITT]ZOa I\

5QKPQOIVNZWU!\W!)N\MZ[XMVLQVO[M^MZIT

 aMIZ[I\/MVMZIT,aVIUQK[PMZM\]ZVML\W\MIKPQVO

I\+IZVMOQM5MTTWV=VQ^MZ[Q\aQV!JMNWZMRWQVQVO,IZ\UW]\PQV!

:IOWVM¼[ XPQTW[WXPa WN TMILMZ[PQX _I[ [\I\ML QV

IV QV\MZ QM_ _Q\P \PM  5QKPQOIV <MKPVQK" ¹1 LQLV¼\

\PQVS LZI[\QKKPIVOM[_MZM QVWZLMZ )[WVM KWUM[

\WIXXZMKQI\MUWZMMI[QTa NZWUINIZ\PM +WTTMOMWN

-VOQVMMZQVOMVRWa[IVLLM[MZ^M[IÅVMZMX]\I\QWVQV

Q\[XZM[MV\[\I\Mº  5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK7K\WJMZ!

JMKWUJQVML _Q\P I UI\KP NZWU [\I\M N]VLQVO \W

KWUXTM\M\PMUW MWN \PM+WTTMOMQV\WIVM_NW]Z

J]QTLQVOKWUXTM`WV\PM6WZ\P+IUX][

1V \PQ[ NW]ZJ]QTLQVO XTIV \PM TIZOM[\ J]QTLQVO

-VOQVMMZQVO *]QTLQVO 1 _W]TL PW][M5MKPIVQKIT

-VOQVMMZQVO IVL )XXTQML 5MKPIVQK[ +Q QT

-VOQVMMZQVO1VL][\ZQITIVL7XMZI\QWV[-VOQVMMZQVO

0]UIVQ\QM[ IVL \PM+WTTMOM ILUQVQ[\ZI\QWV-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO11_W]TLKWV\IQV+PMUQKITIVL

5M\ITT]ZOQKIT-VOQVMMZQVO-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO111

_W]TLJMNWZ-TMK\ZQKITIVL+WUX]\MZ-VOQVMMZQVO

IVL6]KTMIZ-VOQVMMZQVOIVL-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO

1>_W]TLJMNWZ6I^IT)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM_Q\PIXW[[QJTM

VM_\W_QVO\IVSWV\PM6WZ\P+IUX][

?Q\P OZMI\ IV\QKQXI\QWV NWZ \PM UW M \W 6WZ\P

+IUX][\PQ[ILIXXMIZMLQV\PM<MKPVQKQV.MJZ]IZa

!

,I^QL:IOWVM

!!

=VNWZ\]VI\MTa \PM N]VLZIQ[QVO KIUXIQOV _I[ WVTa

I UWLM[\ []KKM[[ JMKI][M WN \PM _MIS )UMZQKIV

MKWVWUa L]ZQVO \PM ![ IVL ZIQ[ML WVTa

UQTTQWV NWZ NIKQTQ\QM[ IV IUW]V\ QVILMY]I\M \W\ZQOOMZ \PM 6WZ\P +IUX][ UW^M <PM =VQ MZ[Q\a

KWUXTQKI\ML\PM[Q\]I\QWVJaJIKSQVOI_IaNZWUQ\[

MIZTQMZ KWUUQ\UMV\ \W [MMS [\I\M []XXWZ\ \W X][P

QV[\MIL \PM :MXTIKMUMV\ 0W[XQ\IT 8ZWRMK\ ?Q\P

QVÆI\QWVZIXQLTaMZWLQVO\PMN]VL[ZIQ[MLL]ZQVO\PM

KIUXIQOV\PM +WTTMOMLMKQLML\W LQZMK\\PM MV\QZM

IUW]V\IVL\PMV[WUM\W\PMKWV[\Z]K\QWVWN \PM

0MZJMZ\ 0 ,W_ *]QTLQVO*]QTLQVO 11 IVL LMNMZ

QVLMÅVQ\MTa IVaN]Z\PMZ MNNWZ\ \W KWV\QV]M_Q\P \PM

ZM[\WN \PMNW]ZJ]QTLQVOXZWRMK\

0MVKM \PM +WTTMOM IXXZWIKPML \PM ![ _Q\PWVTaI^MZaUWLM[\XZM[MVKMWV\PM6WZ\P+IUX]["

[M^MZITZM[MIZKP J]QTLQVO[\PM 8PWMVQ`4IJWZI\WZa

IVL 1V[\Q\]\MWN ;KQMVKMIVL <MKPVWTWOaJW\P WN

_PQKPZMXWZ\ML\W\PM>QKM8ZM[QLMV\NWZ:M[MIZKP

I UWLM[\ KWVKZM\M JTWKS J]QTLQVO NWZ )MZW[XIKM

-VOQVMMZQVO IVW\PMZ [UITT J]QTLQVO NWZ \PM _I\MZ

ZM[W]ZKM[XZWOZIUIVL\PMKWV[\Z]K\QWV[Q\MNWZ\PM

,W_*]QTLQVO

.W]Z*]QTLQVO8TIVNWZ-VOQVMMZQVO 

1V ! ,MIV :IOWVM IKKMX\ML \PM XZM[QLMVKa

WN +I[M?M[\MZV :M[MZ M =VQ MZ[Q\a .WZ I JZQMN,]LMZ[\IL\UW^MLZIXQLTa\WJ]QTLITMILMZ[PQX\MIUKWUXZQ[MLWN[M^MZITWN \PMUW[\MVMZOM\QKWN\PMR]VQWZ

NIK]T\aWN \PM+WTTMOMQVKT]LQVO+PIZTM[>M[\TI\MZ\W[]KKMMLPQUI[LMIV\PMVXZW W[\IVLÅVITTa\WJMKWUM

![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 79/108

 2IUM[2WPV[WV,]LMZ[\IL\

!!

<0-<-)5

,IVQMT)\SQV[+PIZTM[>M[\

,]LMZ[\IL\ ZMKMQ^ML PQ[ ]VLMZOZIL]I\M ML]KI\QWV

QVMTMK\ZQKITMVOQVMMZQVOI\AITM¼IVLPQ[8P,

QV MVOQVMMZQVO [KQMVKM IVL XPa[QK[ NZWU +IT\MKP

¼)N\MZIaMIZI[IV)\WUQK-VMZOa+WUUQ[[QWV

.M TTW_ PM IKKMX\M L IV IXXWQV\UMV\ QV \PM

,MXIZ\UMV\ WN 6]KTMIZ -VOQVMMZQVO I\ 5QKPQOIV

)T\PW]OPPM_I[_MTTSVW_VI[ITMILMZQVV]KTMIZ

MVMZOa ZM[MIZKP IVL ML]KI\QWV PM _I[ VW\ _MTTSVW_V\WUW[\WN \PM-VOQVMMZQVONIK]T\a[QVKMPM

_I[WVMWN \PMNM_ MVOQVMMZQVONIK]T\aUMUJMZ[WV

6WZ\P+IUX][0W_M^MZPMPIL[MZ^MLI[UMUJMZ

WZKPIQZWN UIVaWN \PMSMaIL^Q[WZaKWUUQ\\MM[\W

\PM =VQ MZ[Q\a TMILMZ[PQX QVKT]LQVO \PM -`MK]\Q M

*WIZL WN \PM /ZIL]I\M ;KPWWT \PM IL^Q[WZa

KWUUQ\\MM\W\PMXZW^W[\IVL\PMXW_MZN]T*]LOM\

8ZQWZQ\QM[+WUUQ\\MM[WPM_I[Y]Q\M_MTTSVW_V\W

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a)LUQVQ[\ZI\QWV

XMZQWL 0IV[NWZL .IZZQ[ I 8ZWNM[[WZ WN -TMK\ZQKIT

-VOQVMMZQVO [MZ ML I[ QV\MZQU LMIV ]V\QT \PM

IXXWQV\UMV\WN 2IUM[,]LMZ[\IL\I[ \PMVM_,MIV

WN -VOQVMMZQVOQV5IaWN!

XZM[QLMV\WN 51<,IVQMT)\SQV[IT[WTI\MZ[MZ^QVOI[QV\MZQULMIVWN MVOQVMMZQVOIVL\PMVNW]VLQVOLMIVWN

\PM;KPWWTWN1VNWZUI\QWV;KW\\.WOTMZVI\QWVITTaZMVW_VNWZPQ[MNNWZ\[QVKPMUQKITMVOQVMMZQVOML]KI\QWV

IVL4aVV+WV_IaZMKZ]Q\MLNZWU@MZW`8ITW)T\W:M[MIZKP+MV\MZIVLITMILMZQVKWUX]\MZMVOQVMMZQVO

IVLIZ\QÅKQITQV\MTTQOMVKM

<PQ[ TMILMZ[PQX \MIU _WZSQVO KTW[MTa _Q\P \PM

LMXIZ\UMV\ KPIQZ[ IVL \PM NIK]T\a TI]VKPML IV

JQ Q P Q Q N P

)N\MZI\PWZW]OPZM QM_WN \PMM`Q[\QVOXTIV\WUW M

\PM +WTTMOM QV\W NW]Z VM_ J]QTLQVO[ N]VLML NZWU

L Q , L L T L L

![

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 80/108

 

;KW\\.WOTMZ

IUJQ\QW][XZWOZIU\W ZM[\WZM\PM XZQWZQ\aWN \PM

+WTTMOM WN -VOQVMMZQVO _Q\PQV \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a

ZM MZ[QVO\PM N]VLQVOLMKTQVM\PI\PIL LM MTWXML

L]ZQVO\PM ![ IVL![IVLKWUXTM\QVO \PM

UW^M\W\PM6WZ\P+IUX][<PM,]LMZ[\IL\\MIU

_I[ KWUUQ\\ML \W QUXZW QVO \PM Y]ITQ\a WN \PM

NIK]T\a [\]LMV\[ IVL IKILMUQK XZWOZIU[ WN \PM

+WTTMOMXTIKQVOIXIZ\QK]TIZMUXPI[Q[WVOZIL]I\M

ML]KI\QWV IVL ZM[MIZKP I[ SMa \W MTM I\QVO \PM

ZMX]\I\QWVITZIVSQVO[WN \PM+WTTMOM ,]LMZ[\IL\

_I[ZMUIZSIJTa[]KKM[[N]TQVIKPQM^QVOITTWN \PM[M

OWIT[_Q\PQV\PMJZQMN[XIVWN Å^MaMIZ["\ZQXTQVO\PM

JI[MJ]LOM\WN \PM+WTTMOM#\ZQXTQVO\PM +WTTMOM¼[

ZM[MIZKP IK\Q^Q\a IVL 8P, XZWL]K\QWV# PQZQVO

W^MZVM_NIK]T\aUMUJMZ[#IVLJWW[\QVO\PM

ZIVSQVO[WN UW[\WN \PMIKILMUQKXZWOZIU[WN \PM+WTTMOMQV\W\PM\WXÅ^MQV\PMVI\QWVIT\PW]OP\PM

IKPQM^MUMV\WN \PQ[TI\MZOWITWVTaJMKIUMM^QLMV\

QV\PM!![

*]\UW[\[QOVQÅKIV\NWZ\PQ[XPW\WOZIXPQKPQ[\WZa

Q[ \PM NIK\ \PI\ \PM ,]LMZ[\IL\ \MIU UIVIOML

\W UW M \PM MV\QZM +WTTMOM WN -VOQVMMZQVO \W

\PM 6WZ\P +IUX][ 0MZM Q\ [PW]TL JM VW\ML

\PI\ ,]LMZ[\IL\ PIL TWVO ZMOIZLML \PM MNNWZ\ \W

UW^M\PM+WTTMOMNZWU\PM+MV\ZIT+IUX][I[I

NZ][\ZI\QVOLQ[\ZIK\QWVNZWU_PI\[PW]TLPI^MJMMV

\PMPQOPM[\XZQWZQ\QM[WN IKPQM^QVOM`KMTTMVKMQVQ\[\MIKPQVOIVLZM[MIZKPIK\Q^Q\QM[0W_M^MZPMIT[W

KWVKT]LML_Q\PPQ[KWTTMIO]M[\PI\\PM+WTTMOMPIL

VWKPWQKMJ]\\WJZQVO\PQ[aMIZ[IOI\WIVMVL

JaKWUXTM\QVO\PMUW^MI[ZIXQLTaI[XW[[QJTM[QVKM

\PMa[I_VW XW[[QJQTQ\aWN ZM^MZ[QVO\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

LMKQ[QWV[WN \PM![\W UW^M-VOQVMMZQVO\W\PM

6WZ\P+IUX][

[\I\M IVL XZQ I\M [W]ZKM[ ,]LMZ[\IL\ KWVKT]LML

\PI\QV\PMK]ZZMV\KTQUI\M\PQ[XTIV_I[KTMIZTaJW\P

QUXZIK\QKIT IVL ]V_WZSIJTM <PM +WTTMOM¼[ N]VL

ZIQ[QVOMNNWZ\[WN \PM![PILLMUWV[\ZI\MLPW_

LQNÅK]T\Q\_I[\WZIQ[MOQN\[NWZJ]QTLQVO[_Q\PWVTa

I ZMTI\Q MTa UWLM[\ J]QTLQVO NWZ \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\[

WN +PMUQKIT -VOQVMMZQVO IVL 5I\MZQIT[ IVL

5M\ITT]ZOQKIT-VOQVMMZQVOI[\PMZM[]T\\PM0MZJMZ\

0 ,W_ *]QTLQVO \PMV ]VLMZ KWV[\Z]K\QWV IVL

[KPML]TMLNWZKWUXTM\QWVQVTI\M!.]Z\PMZUWZM

\PM QUXIK\ WN \PM :MXTIKMUMV\ 0W[XQ\IT 8ZWRMK\

WV\PM[\I\M¼[KIXIKQ\a\WN]VLVM_KWV[\Z]K\QWVQV

PQOPMZ ML]KI\QWV_W]TL JM TWVOTI[\QVO IVL TQSMTa

XZM MV\ UIRWZ VM_ KWV[\Z]K\QWV ]V\QT \PM [\I\M¼[

MKWVWUaQUXZW^ML

) NIZ UWZM UWLM[\ XTIV _I[ XZWXW[ML \W \PM

=VQ MZ[Q\a ILUQVQ[\ZI\QWV JI[ML ]XWV \PMZMI[[QOVUMV\ IVL ZMVW^I\QWV WN [M^MZIT M Q[\QVO

6WZ\P +IUX][ [\Z]K\]ZM[ IVL I [QVOTM VM_ [\I\M

N]VLMLJ]QTLQVO<PQ[XZIOUI\QKaM\_WZSIJTMXTIV

_I[\W ZM[]T\QV \PM UW^MWN \PM MV\QZM +WTTMOMWN

-VOQVMMZQVO \W \PM 6WZ\P +IUX][ Ja ! IVL

_W]TL JMKWUM \PM NW]VLI\QWV WN _PI\ _W]TL

M^MV\]ITTa JMKWUM WVM WN \PM ÅVM[\ KIUX][M[ NWZ

MVOQVMMZQVOML]KI\QWVQV\PMVI\QWV

4aVV+WV_Ia

) TT 6 P + J QTLQ

<0-57>-*-/16;)<4);<

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 81/108

 

)[UITT6WZ\P+IUX][J]QTLQVO

PW][QVO\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a¼[ZM[MIZKP

ILUQVQ[\ZI\QWV _I[ ZMI[[QOVML

IVLZMVW^I\ML\W IKKWUUWLI\M\PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN 1VL][\ZQIT

IVL 7XMZI\QWV[ -VOQVMMZQVO

_PQTM ZM[MIZKP ILUQVQ[\ZI\QWV

_W]TLJMUW^ML\W\PM?M[\-V

OQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVO

<PM//*ZW_V 4IJWZI\WZa

_I[ M`\MV[Q MTa ZMVW^I\ML ILL

QVO I\PQZL ÆWWZNWZWNÅKM[IVL

ZMVW^I\QVOQ\[PQOPJIaZM[MIZKP

_QVOIZMI[W\PI\Q\KW]TLIKKWU

UWLI\M\PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN 5M

KPIVQKIT -VOQVMMZQVO IVL +Q^QT

-VOQVMMZQVO

)[MKWVLÆWWZ_I[ILLML\W\PM

PQOPJIaIZMIWN\PM//*ZW_V

4IJWZI\WZa \W IKKWUUWLI\M

+Q^QT-VOQVMMZQVO

) TQJZIZaIVL QV[\Z]K\QWVITKMV

\MZ _Q\P ILLQ\QWVIT KTI[[ZWWU[

_I[ J]QT\ QV \PM M KI I\ML J]\

]VKWUXTM\ML JI[MUMV\ WN \PM

,W_*]QTLQVO

<PM,MXIZ\UMV\WN6I^IT)ZKPQ

\MK\]ZMIVL5IZQVM-VOQVMMZQVO

_I[UW^MLQV\WI[UITTJ]QTLQVO

ILRIKMV\ \W \PM WTL KaKTW\ZWV

TIJWZI\WZa<PM\W_QVO\IVS_I[

TMN\QV ?M[\-VOQVMMZQVOWV \PM

+MV\ZIT+IUX][

,W_4QJZIZaIVL1V[\Z]K\QWVIT+MV\MZ

6I^IT)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM5IZQVM-VOQVMMZQVO //*ZW_V5MKPIVQKIT-VOQVMMZQVO 

//*ZW_V+Q^QT-VOQVMMZQVO 

1VL][\ZQITIVL7XMZI\QWV[-VOQVMMZQVO  0MZJMZ\0,W_*]QTLQVO 

<PM ,W_ *]QTLQVO KWUXTM\ML

QV!PW][ML+PMUQKIT-VOQ

VMMZQVOIVL5I\MZQIT[IVL5M\

ITT]ZOQKIT-VOQVMMZQVO

-`MK]\QVO\PM[MIK\QWV[ZM[]T\MLQV\PMZMTWKI\QWVWN ITTWN \PM+WTTMOMJa!

_Q\P\PM M`KMX\QWVWN -TMK\ZQKIT IVL+WUX]\MZ-VOQVMMZQVO <PMUW^M IT[W

ZMTMI[ML \W \PM =VQ^MZ[Q\a ITT WN \PM +WTTMOM¼[ +MV\ZIT +IUX][ [XIKM _Q\P \PM

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 82/108

 

)V]V][MLNZI\MZVQ\aJ]QTLQVOIL

 RIKMV\\W\PM6WZ\P+IUX][_I[

ZMVW^I\ML\WJM][ML\WPW][M\PM

-VOQVMMZQVO XTIKMUMV\ WNÅKM[

<PM +WTTMOM ILUQVQ[\ZI\QWV

UW ML \MUXWZIZQTa QV\W \PM

+PZa[TMZ +MV\MZ NWZ +WV\QV]

QVO -L]KI\QWV KWUXZM[[QVO

\PMLMIV[¼WNÅKM[IVL [\INN QV\W

IJW]\ WVM\PQZL \PM [XIKM WN

\PM ?M[\ -VOQVMMZQVO WNÅKM[

ZMTMI[ML\W \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aITT WN \PM +WTTMOM [+MV\ZIT+IUX][ [XIKM_Q\P\PM

M`KMX\QWVWN\PMVI^IT\IVSQV\PMJI[MUMV\WN?M[\-VOQVMMZQVO

<PMÅVITMTMUMV\WN \PMXTIV _I[\WXMZ[]ILM \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aIVL\PMV\PM [\I\M

\WPWVWZ\PMQZMIZTQMZKWUUQ\UMV\[\WUI\KP\PM+WTTMOM¼[XZQ^I\MN]VLZIQ[QVO

MNNWZ\WN \PM![_Q\PI UQTTQWVIXXZWXZQI\QWVNWZI [QVOTM VM_J]QTLQVO

NWZ \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN -TMK\ZQKIT IVL +WUX]\MZ ;KQMVKM IVL -VOQVMMZQVO

,]LMZ[\IL\IVL>M[\_MZMITTW_ML\WOW\W4IV[QVO\WTWJJa\PM/W^MZVWZIVL

;\I\M4MOQ[TI\]ZMNWZ\PM[MN]VL[_PQKP\PMaUIVIOML\WLW[]KKM[[N]TTa

/ZW]VLJZMISQVONWZ\PM-TMK\ZQKIT-VOQVMMZQVOIVL+WUX]\MZ;KQMVKM*]QTLQVO 

0IZWTL;PIXQZW2IUM[*TIVKPIZLIVL2IUM[,]LMZ[\IL\,MIV¼[7NÅKMQV\PM+PZa[TMZ+MV\MZ

+PZa[TMZ+MV\MZNWZ+WV\QV]QVO-L]KI\QWV

;\MIZV[*]QTLQVO 

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 83/108

 

-TMK\ZQKIT-VOQVMMZQVOIVL+WUX]\MZ;KQMVKM*]QTLQVO 

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 84/108

!

+758=<16/

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 85/108

;TQLMZ]TM

8ZM[[+WVNMZMVKMIVVW]VKQVO+)-6

\PM+WUX]\MZ)QLML-VOQVMMZQVO6M\_WZS *QTT8WLM[SI2QU,]LMZ[\IL\IVL;\M M2WJ[

<PM)XXTM4Q[I4IJWZI\WZa

<PMÅZ[\+)-6KWUX]\MZKT][\MZWV\PM6WZ\P+IUX][+WUX]\MZ+MV\MZQV\PM![

.ZWU [TQLM Z]TM \W UIQVNZIUM[

\W _QZMTM[[8,)¼[KWUX]\QVO PI[

\ISMVUIVaNWZU[QV\PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVO

,]LMZ[\IL\¼[ \MV]ZM I[ ,MIV WN -VOQVMMZQVO _I[

ZMTI\Q MTa [PWZ\ [QVKM PM _I[ \IXXML Ja 8ZM[QLMV\

0IZWTL;PIXQZW\WJMKWUM8ZW^W[\IVL>QKM8ZM[QLMV\

,-)6;

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 86/108

+PIZTM[>M[\

!!

8M\MZ*IVS[

!!!!

;\MXPMV?,QZMK\WZ

!!

+PIZTM[ >M[\ _I[ I TWVO

[\IVLQVONIK]T\aUMUJMZQV

5MKPIVQKIT -VOQVMMZQVO

0M[MZ^MLÅZ[\I[I[[WKQI\M

LMIVIVL\PMVI[LMIV WN

\PM +WTTMOM ,]ZQVO PQ[

JZQMN \MV]ZM JMNWZM JMQVO

IXXWQV\MLI[\PM=VQ^MZ[Q

\a¼[ XZW W[\ PM KWUXTM\ML

\PM 6WZ\P +IUX][ UW^MIVLZMKZ]Q\ML[WUMWN \PM

+WTTMOM¼[ TMILQVO NIK]T\a

UMUJMZ[1V!!PM_I[

VIUML XZM[QLMV\ WN \PM

5I[[IKP][M\\[ 1V[\Q\]\M WN

<MKPVWTWOa

8M\MZ *IVS[ KIUM \W

5QKPQOIV NZWU ;\IVNWZL

_PMZM PMPILJMMVI NIK

]T\a UMUJMZ QV MTMK\ZQKIT

MVOQVMMZQVOIVLIVI\QWVIT

TMILMZ QV ZMUW\M [MV[QVO

0M _I[ QV[\Z]UMV\IT QV

[M MZIT UIRWZ MNNWZ\[ WN

\PM+WTTMOM QVKT]LQVO\PM

KWUXTM\QWV WN \PM 4]ZQM

-VOQVMMZQVO +MV\MZ IVL

4]ZQM <W_MZ 0M TMN\\PM

+WTTMOM \W JMKWUM XZM[Q

LMV\ WN \PM -V QZWVUMV

\IT :M[MIZKP 1V[\Q\]\M WN

5QKPQOIV

;\MXPMV,QZMK\WZ KIUM\W

\PM+WTTMOMNZWUIXW[Q\QWV

I[LMIVWN MVOQVMMZQVOI\

+IZVMOQM 5MTTWV =VQ MZ

[Q\a=VLMZPQ[TMILMZ[PQX

\PMZIVSQVO[WN \PMKWTTMOM

PI M KWV\QV]ML \W KTQUJ

_Q\P \PM TI]VKP WN VM_

XZWOZIU[ QV JQWUMLQKIT

MVOQVMMZQVO VIVW\MKPVWTWOa IVL MV QZWVUMV\[

[a[\MU[

<PM8ZW^W[\KIZZQM[PQ[KWUX]\MZLW_V[\IQZ[\W\PM

8ZM[QLMV\¼[7NÅKM

)VLPWWS[Q\]X

NWZ)KILMUQK)NNIQZ[WN\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aQV!R][\I[

\PMVM_--+;*]QTLQVO_I[\WJMLMLQKI\ML+PIZTM[

>M[\[]KKMMLMLPQUI[,MIVWN -VOQVMMZQVOJ]\IT[W

WVTaNWZIJZQMNXMZQWL

.WTTW_QVO 0IZWTL ;PIXQZW¼[ LMXIZ\]ZM \W JMKWUM

XZM[QLMV\ WN 8ZQVKM\WV ,]LMZ[\IL\ _I[ MTMK\ML \PM

\P 8ZM[QLMV\ WN \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a IVL PM Y]QKSTa

[MTMK\ML>M[\I[PQ[8ZW^W[\

<PM 6WZ\ P +I UX][ [Q\M WN \PM +WTTMOM WN

-VOQVMMZQVO KWV\QV]ML \W M WT M L]ZQVO \PM TI\M

![IVL!![)VM_UI[\MZXTIV_I[LM^MTWXML

NWTTW_QVO \PMKWUXTM\QWV WN \PM+WTTMOM¼[UW^MQV

!\PI\QLMV\QÅML\PMVMMLNWZILLQ\QWVITNIKQTQ\QM[

\WIKKWUUWLI\M\PMOZW_\PQV-VOQVMMZQVOZM[MIZKP

<PMZM _MZM [M MZIT W\PMZ 6WZ\P +IUX][ J]QTLQVO

XZWRMK\[L]ZQVO\PQ[XMZQWLQVKT]LQVO\PM1VL][\ZQIT

<MKPVWTWOa1V[\Q\]\MIVLIVM`XIV[QWVWN \PM;XIKM

8Pa[QK[:M[MIZKP4IJWZI\WZa

<PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN )MZW[XIKM -VOQVMMZQVO PIL

JMMV PW][ML QV IV QVILMY]I\M KWVKZM\M JTWKS

J]QTLQVOKWV[\Z]K\MLL]ZQVO\PM![<PZW]OP\PM

MNNWZ\[WN <WU)LIU[WVKPIQZWN \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\

WN )MZW[XIKM-VOQVMMZQVO\PM+WTTMOM_I[NWZ\]VI\M

\W ZMKMQ M I UIRWZ OQN\ NZWU \PM +W]V\M[[ )TJQVI

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 87/108

O O O

IVLOZIL]I\MMVZWTTUMV\[

.]Z\PMZUWZM \PM +W]V\M[[ XZW QLML ILLQ\QWVIT

N]VLQVO \W KWUUQ[[QWV I UIRWZ [K]TX\]ZM ¹<PM

?I^M.QMTLºJa5IaI4QV

+P]KS >M[\ _I[ QV[\Z]UMV\IT QV J]QTLQVO I UIRWZ

ILLQ\QWV\W\PM8QMZXWV\+WUUWV[\PI\PW][MLIV

IZZIaWN [\]LMV\[MZ^QKM[IK\Q Q\QM[

\W ZMKMQ M I UIRWZ OQN\ NZWU \PM +W]V\M[[ )TJQVI

,]*]W][^W]^ZIa\WJ]QTLIVM_J]QTLQVOQVUMUWZa

WN PMZ [WV .ZIVtWQ[@I QMZ *IOVW]L I NWZUMZ

[\]LMV\QVIMZW[XIKM_PW_I[SQTTMLQV IPMTQKWX\MZIKKQLMV\WV I ÆaQVOUQ[[QWVQV 5ITQ?M[\ )NZQKI

L]ZQVO \PM 8IZQ[ \W ,ISIZ ZWIL ZIKM <PM .@*

*]QTLQVOXZW^QLML[]XMZJNIKQTQ\QM[NWZ\PQ[QUXWZ\IV\

LMXIZ\UMV\

!5I[\MZ8TIV+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVO 

8QMZXWV\+WUUWV[)LLQ\QWV

.ZIVtWQ[@I^QMZ*IOVW]L.@**]QTLQVO 

5IaI4QV¼[?I^M.QMTL

;XIKM8Pa[QK[:M[MIZKP4IJWZI\WZa)LLQ\QWV

1VL][\ZQIT<MKPVWTWOa1V[\Q\]\M

<PM JTMVLQVO WN UIRWZ _WZS[ WN IZ\ _Q\P \PM

M^WT]\QWVWN \PM6WZ\P+IUX][_I[L]MQVXIZ\\W

\PMXIZ\QK]TIZQV\MZM[\[WN *ZIL+IVITM_PWLQZMK\ML

\PM+WTTMOM¼[LM^MTWXUMV\MNNWZ\[

8MZPIX[\PMUW[\LZIUI\QKVM_J]QTLQVO[KWV[\Z]K\ML

WV \PM 6WZ\P +IUX][ L]ZQVO \PQ[XMZQWL ZM[]T\ML

NZWU I ]VQY]M KWUJQVI\QWVWN X]JTQK IVL XZQ I\M

[]XXWZ\" \PM 5MLQI =VQWV \PM 4]ZQM -VOQVMMZQVO

+MV\MZIVL\PM:WJMZ\IVL)VV4]ZQM<W_MZ)[I

UMUWZQIT\WPMZP][JIVL)VV4]ZQMXZW^QLML\PM

5WWZM PIL VW\ WVTa JMMV I OZIL]I\M WN \PM

=VQ MZ[Q\a J]\ PQ[ OZMI\OZMI\ OZIVLNI\PMZ PIL

JMMVUIaWZWN *I\\TM+ZMMS IVL I :MOMV\ WN \PM

=VQ MZ[Q\a QV \PM !\P KMV\]Za ?PMV ZMKMQ QVO

IV PWVWZIZa LMOZMM NZWU \PM =VQ MZ[Q\a QV !!

5WWZMVW\ML\PI\Q\_I[PQ[IVKM[\WZ\PI\QV\ZWL]KML

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 88/108

N]VL[ \WJ]QTLJW\P I J]QTLQVONWZ\PM -VOQVMMZQVO

ILUQVQ[\ZI\QWV IVL I [\ZQSQVO JMTT \W_MZ +PIZTM[

5WWZMWVMWN \PMNWZMUW[\)UMZQKIVIZKPQ\MK\[WN

\PM\PKMV\]Za_I[KWUUQ[[QWVML\WLM[QOV\PM[M

[\Z]K\]ZM[

\PM ZM[WT]\QWV \W ILUQ\ \PM ÅZ[\ _WUMV [\]LMV\[

<ZIOQKITTa5WWZMLQML_PQTMKWUXTM\QVO\PMLM[QOV

NWZ\PM4]ZQM*MTT<W_MZ:MKWOVQbQVO\PI\\PQ[_I[\W

JMPQ[TI[\KWUUQ[[QWV8ZM[QLMV\,]LMZ[\IL\LMKQLML

\WQV^M[\IVILLQ\QWVITUQTTQWVWN=VQ^MZ[Q\aN]VL[

\WUISMKMZ\IQV\PM\W_MZ_I[J]QT\M`IK\TaI[5WWZM

LM[QOVMLQ\QVKT]LQVO\PM\_W[\Z]K\]ZM[QV NZWV\WN

\PM\W_MZ

<PM 4]ZQM -VOQVMMZQVO +MV\MZ IT[W XZW QLML I

[QOVQÅKIV\ M XIV[QWV WN \PM NIKQTQ\QM[ WKK]XQML

Ja \PM ,MXIZ\UMV\ WN 1VL][\ZQIT IVL 7XMZI\QWV[

-VOQVMMZQVO

:WJMZ\IVL)VV4]ZQM*MTT<W_MZ

1VL][\ZQITIVL7XMZI\QWV[-VOQVMMZQVO 

4]ZQM-VOQVMMZQVO+MV\MZ

8MZPIX[\PMUW[\[\ZQSQVOXZWRMK\WN \PM!![PW_M^MZ_I[\PM5MLQI=VQWVI^Q[QWVIZaTQJZIZaWN\PMN]\]ZM;QVKM\PMMIZTQM[\LIa[WN6WZ\P+IUX][LM^MTWXUMV\

\PMZM_I[IZMKWOVQbMLVMMLNWZITQJZIZa\WPW][M\PMKWTTMK\QWV[WN -VOQVMMZQVO)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM)Z\IVL5][QK1V!!8ZM[QLMV\,]LMZ[\IL\UIVIOML\WXMZ[]ILMI

VM_OW^MZVWZ2WPV-VOTMZ\WXZW^QLMUQTTQWV\WN]VL\PMXZWRMK\QVIPQOPTaÆM QJTMNI[PQWV\PI\MVIJTML\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a\WI[[MUJTMIV]V][]ITTaKZMI\Q M\MIUWN

6WZ\P+IUX][NIK]T\aIVLLMIV[_Q\P\PMKPIZOM"¹0MZMQ[UQTTQWV,M[QOV][IJ]QTLQVONWZI[\+MV\]Za]VQ^MZ[Q\aº

<0-5-,1)=6176

<0-5-,1)=6176

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 89/108

)VL[W\PMaLQL<PMVM_NIKQTQ\a_I[VIUML\PM¹5MLQI=VQWVºJW\P\W[aUJWTQbMIXTIKMNWZ[\]LMV\[IVLNIK]T\a\WOI\PMZ[QUQTIZ\W\PM5QKPQOIV=VQWVWV\PM

+MV\ZIT+IUX][IVL\WZMÆMK\\PMMNNWZ\\W]VQ\M\PM^IZQW][6WZ\P+IUX][LQ[KQXTQVM[)Z\)ZKPQ\MK\]ZM5][QK-VOQVMMZQVOQVIU]T\QUMLQIMV^QZWVUMV\<PM

5MLQI=VQWV_I[LM[QOVML\WJMI\M[\JMLNWZLM MTWXQVO[\]LaQVOIVLQUXTMUMV\QVO\PMVM_XIZILQOU[WN\ PM]VQ^MZ[Q\aMVIJTMLJaQVNWZUI\QWV\MKPVWTWOa?PMV\PM5MLQI=VQWVÅVITTaWXMVMLQ\[LWWZ[QV!!\PMZM_MZMXZWJIJTaNM_MZ\PIVILWbMVXMWXTMWV\PMKIUX][\PI\]VLMZ[\WWL_PI\Q\_I[*]\\PM[\]LMV\[ZIXQLTa

TMIZVMLIVL_Q\PQVI UWV\PQ\ JMKIUM\PMUW[\XWX]TIZNIKQTQ\aQV\PM=VQ MZ[Q\aWXMZI\QVOIZW]VL\PMKTWKS[M MVLIa[I_MMSIVLXWX]TI\MLJa\PW][IVL[WN

[\]LMV\[1\_I[ITQJZIZaI[\]LQWI[W]VL[\IOMI QZ\]ITZMITQ\aTIJWZI\WZa°IVLXMZPIX[\PMTIZOM[\KWVKMV\ZI\QWVWN[\]LMV\KWUX]\QVOZM[W]ZKM[QV\PM_WZTL

<0-5-,1)=6176

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 90/108

 

<0-5-,1)=6176

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 91/108

 

<0-5-,1)=6176

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 92/108

 

<0--6/16--:16/+)58=;16.)44

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 93/108

 

<0--6/16--:16/+)58=;16.)44

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 94/108

!

<0--6/16--:16/+)58=;16?16<-:

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 95/108

!

<0--6/16--:16/+)58=;16?16<-:

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 96/108

!

<0--6/16--:16/+)58=;16;8:16/

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 97/108

!

<0--6/16--:16/+)58=;16;8:16/

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 98/108

!

<0--6/16--:16/+)58=;16;=55-:

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 99/108

!

<0--6/16--:16/+)58=;16;=55-:

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 100/108

<0--6/16--:16/+)58=;16

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 101/108

<0-.=<=:-

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 102/108

?Q\P\PMKWUXT M\QWVWN \PM5MLQI=VQWV\PM4]ZQM-VOQVMMZQVO*]QTLQVOIVL\PM4]ZQM <W_MZQV\PMUQL !![\PM6WZ\P+IUX][PIL\ISMVWVILMKQLMLT aLQNNMZMV\

TWWS1\_I[VW_PWUM\WNW]ZUIRWZ[KPWWT[IVLW^MZ[\]LMV\[1\UILMQUXWZ\IV\IZKPQ\MK\]ZIT[\I\MUMV\[1\[ZIZMJTMVLWNKZMI\Q^MLQ[KQXTQVM[JMOIV\W[]OOM[\

IVM_VIUMILWX\MLJa[M MZITWN\PMLMIV["¹<PM:MVIQ[[IVKM+IUX][º1VUIVa_Ia[\PM6WZ\P+IUX][PILJMKWUM\PMTIJWZI\WZaNWZ\PM=VQ MZ[Q\aWN \PM[\

+MV\]Za

*]\]VQ^MZ[Q\QM[VM MZ[\IVL[\QTTIVLXTIVVQVONWZ\PMN]\]ZMWN \PM6WZ\P+IUX][KWV\QV]M[7VMWN \PMUW[\QV\MZM[\QVOMNNWZ\[_I[KWVL]K\MLL]ZQVO\PMUQL!![

Ja\PMNW]Z6WZ\P+IUX][LMIV[_PWKWVL]K\MLIR]ZQMLKWUXM\Q\QWVWN LM[QOV[NZWU\PM\WXTIVL[KIXMIZKPQ\MK\[QV\PMVI\QWV\WIZZQ^MLI\I UI[\MZXTIV_Q\P\PM

KWLMVIUMWN¹6WZ\P?WWL[º

<PQ[XTIVKZMI\MLIVM_6WZ\P;W]\PI`Q[Z]VVQVO\PZW]OP\PMKIUX][NZWU\PMNWZM[\[\W\PMVWZ\PLW_V\W\PM0]ZWV:Q^MZ\W\PM[W]\P1\UILMM`\MV[Q^M][MWN

\PMM^MZOZMMVXTIV\QVO\PI\PILTWVOXZW^QLMLILQ[\QVK\Q^MKPIZIK\MZ\W\PM6WZ\P+IUX][<PMLMIV[NWZUQVO\PMR]LOQVOKWUUQ\\MM_MZMMK[\I\QKIJW]\\PMLM[QOV

]VQ\MLQV\PMQZJMTQMN\PI\Q\_W]TLMVIJTM\PM6WZ\P+IUX][\WUISMIVQUXWZ\IV\IZKPQ\MK\]ZIT[\I\MUMV\

)+367?4-,/-5-6<;

<PM 5QKPQOIV)T]UV][

<PM5QKPQOIV)T]UV][ZMÆMK\[\PMQV\MZM[\[WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aKPZWVQKTQVOQ\[XZWO

ZM[[IVLI\\PM[IUM\QUM[MZ^QVOI[IUMLQ]UNWZVM_[WNIT]UVQIK\Q^Q\QM[<PM

UIOIbQVM_I[TI]VKPMLI[IXZQ^I\MMV\MZXZQ[MJa)T^QKS8MIZ[WVQV!0M[WTL

?Q\POZI\Q\]LMIVLIXXZMKQI\QWV\WITTWN \PW[MQVLQ^QL]IT[_PWZMKWZLML\PMPQ[\WZaM^MV\[IVLIK\Q^Q\QM[WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIV

:][[MTT-*QLTIKS¹<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIV/MVMZIT4QJZIZa")PQ[\WZaWN Q\[JMOQV

VQVO[ºLQ[[MZ\I\QWV=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV!

:]\P*WZLQV<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV")8QK\WZQIT0Q[\WZa)VV)ZJWZ"=VQ^MZ[Q\a

WN 5QKPQOIV8ZM[[!

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 103/108

Q\\W\PM)T]UVQ)[[WKQI\QWVQV!

<PM5QKPQOIV)T]UV][_I[X]JTQ[PMLI[IUWV\PTa]V\QT!_PMVQ\IXXMIZMLI[I

_MMSTa1V!\PM9]IZ\MZTa_I[QVI]O]ZI\ML[WTWVOMZUWZM[WTQLIZ\QKTM[KW]TL

JMX]JTQ[PML -LQ\WZ[WN \PM MIZTaaMIZ[QVKT]LML;PQZTMa;UQ\P?QTNZML;PI_

IVL<0I_TMa<IXXQVO

?QTNZML;PI_¼[LZI_QVO[IVLM\KPQVO[WN5QKPQOIVKIUX][[KMVM[IVLXMZ[WVITQ

\QM[_MZM][MLQVUIVa 5QKPQOIV)T]UV][9]IZ\MZTa:M^QM_[IVLW\PMZX]JTQKI\QWV[

<PM 5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK

<PM 5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK_I[ÅZ[\X]JTQ[PMLQVIT\PW]OPQ\_I[ÅZ[\SVW_VI[\PM

¹;MTMK\ML8IXMZ[:MIL*MNWZM\PM-VOQVMMZQVO;WKQM\aWN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIVº1\_I[\PMWTLM[\MVOQVMMZQVOKWTTMOMUIOIbQVMQV)UMZQKI

1V\PMX]JTQKI\QWV _I[NWZUITTaOQ^MV\PMVIUMWN \PM<MKPVQK,]ZQVO\PM

<MKPVQK¼[MIZTaaMIZ[\PM[\INN PILVWNIK]T\a[]XMZ^Q[QWVIVL\PMaPIL\WXMZ[WV

ITTaXIaNWZIVaTW[[M[QVK]ZZML4I\MZ\PM +WTTMOMWN-VOQVMMZQVOOI^MI[[Q[\IVKM

JaXIaQVONWZIN]TTXIOMIL^MZ\Q[MUMV\QVMIKPQ[[]M1V\PQ[_IaMIKPLMXIZ\UMV\

ZMKMQ^MLX]JTQKQ\aWVKMIaMIZ<PM<MKPVQKIT[W_I[[]XXWZ\ML_Q\PXZWÅ\[NZWU

X]JTQ[PQVO\PM5QKPQOIV-VOQVMMZ¼[;WVO*WWSIVLNZWU\PM;TQLM:]TM*ITT

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV"

 )V-VKaKTWXMLQK;]Z^Ma

1V!\WKMTMJZI\M\PMKMV\MVVQITWN\ PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIVQV)VV)ZJWZ

\PM+WUUQ\\MMWV=VQ^MZ[Q\a)ZKPQ^M[[]OOM[\ML\PIVIV¹-VKaKTWXMLQIºWN \PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\a[PW]TLJMKWUXQTML\WLWK]UMV\\PMPQ[\WZaWN \PMQV[\Q\]\QWV?QTNZML

;PI__I[KPW[MV-LQ\WZQVKPQMN7^MZ\_WP]VLZMLNIK]T\aIVL [\INN _ZW\M\PM

PQ[\WZaIVL IK\Q Q\QM[ WN \PM^IZQW][ LQ^Q[QWV[WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aIKKWZLQVO \WI

KIZMN]TTaKWV[QLMZMLNWZUI\<PMZM[]T\QVONW]Z^WT]UM[KWV\IQV\PMUW[\KWU

XTM\MIKKW]V\WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aIVLQ\[PQ[\WZa

5WZ\QUMZ - +WWTMa ;KQMV\QÅK *TIKS[UQ\P )VV )ZJWZ" =VQ MZ[Q\a WN 5QKPQOIV8ZM[[!

5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMaVW\M[WV \PM0Q[\WZaWN \PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVONZWUQ\[

QVKMX\QWV\W\PM![+WWTMa.QTM[*MV\TMa0Q[\WZQKIT4QJZIZa

 2IUM[2,]LMZ[\IL\7V<PM5W^M")8MZ[WVIT0Q[\WZaWN \PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVO

QV5WLMZV<QUM[ )VV)ZJWZ"5QTTMVVQ]U8ZWRMK\<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV

8I]T-4QVOMVNMT\MZ¹<PM.QZQVO7N 0MVZa8PQTQX<IXXIV=VQ^MZ[Q\a*]QTLMZ º5;

,Q[[MZ\I\QWV=VQ MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV!

*]ZSM)0QV[LITMIVL1[IIK6M_\WV,MUUWV  0Q[\WZaWN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIV

)VV)ZJWZ"=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV8ZM[[!

 5QKPQOIV)T]UV][)VV)ZJWZ"!XZM[MV\

 5QKPQOIV<MKPVQK)VV)ZJWZ"![

0W_IZL08MKSPIU<PM5ISQVOWN \PM=VQ^M[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV!!MLQ\ML

IVL]XLI\MLJa5IZOIZM\4IVL6QKPWTI[0;\MVMKS)VV)ZJWZ"*MV\TMa4Q

JZIZa!!!

?QTNZML*;PI_<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV6M_AWZS"0IZKW]Z\*ZIKMIVL0W_M!#LML)VV)ZJWZ"/MWZOM?IPZ!

?QTNZML*;PI_MLQ\WZ<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV")V-VKaKTWXMLQK;]Z^Ma )VV)Z

JWZ"=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIV8ZM[[!

<IXXIV0MVZa8),Q[KW]Z[MLMTQ^MZMLJa0MVZa8<IXXIV,,I\)VV)ZJWZ

5QKPQOIVWV\PM7KKI[[QWVWN0Q[1VI]O]ZI\QWVI[+PIVKMTTWZWN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

WN 5QKPQOIV,MKMUJMZ[\,M\ZWQ\")L MZ\Q[MZ8W[MZ8ZM[[M[

)+367?4-,/-5-6<;

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 104/108

!!

;PQZTMa?;UQ\P

;PQZTMa;UQ\PZMKMQ^MLPQ[5QKPQOIVLMOZMMQV!

1V!PM_I[IVQV[\Z]K\WZWN -VOTQ[PQV\PM,M

XIZ\UMV\WN -VOQVMMZQVO0M KWV\QV]MLPQ[[\]LQM[

IVLZMKMQ^MLIV5;QV!)aMIZTI\MZPMJM

KIUM;MKZM\IZa WN \PM )T]UVQ)[[WKQI\QWV[MZ^QVO

]V\QT!0M_I[I_IaNZWUKIUX][NWZNW]ZaMIZ[

JMNWZMZM\]ZVQVO\WJMKIUM;MKZM\IZaWN\PM=VQ^MZ

[Q\aQV!0M[MZ^MLI[;MKZM\IZaNWZ\_MV\a\_W

 aMIZ[]VLMZNW]Z XZM[QLMV\[0IZZa 0]\KPQV[5IZ

QWV *]Z\WV +TIZMVKM +WWS 4Q\\TM IVL )TM IVLMZ:]\P^MV 0M _ZW\M \_WJQWOZIXPQM[" 2IUM[ *]ZZQTT

 )VOMTT")V)UMZQKIV 1VÆ]MVKMIVL 0IZZa *]ZV[0]\KPQV[

IVL\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV

?QTNZML;PI_[MZ^MLI[,QZMK\WZWN )T]UVQ:MTI\QWV[

IVL-LQ\WZWN \PM9]IZ\MZTa:M^QM_ NZWU!!!

0M_ZW\M<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIVIPQ[\WZaWN\PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\aNZWUQ\[QVKMX\QWV\PZW]OP\PMILUQVQ[\ZI

\QWVWN 8ZM[QLMV\*]Z\WV0MIT[W[MZ^MLI[MLQ\WZNWZ

<PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV")V-VKaKTWXMLQI;]Z^Ma

?QTNZML*;PI_

*]ZSM)0QV[LITM

0W_IZL8MKSPIU

:]\P*WZLQV

*]ZSM0QV[LITM_I[\PMÅZ[\XZWNM[[WZWNXMLIOWOaI\

\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV0Q[ JWWS 0Q[\WZa WN \PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\a_I[I[KPWTIZTa\ZMI\Q[MWV\PMZQ[MWN [\I\M

]VQ^MZ[Q\QM[_Q\PV]UMZW][XQK\]ZM[IVLJQWOZIXPQM[

WN UMUJMZ[WN \PM 5QKPQOIVNIK]T\a <PM UIV]

[KZQX\_I[VW\KWUXTM\MI\\PM\QUMWN PQ[LMI\PIVL

_I[ÅVQ[PMLJa8ZWNM[[WZ1[IIK6M_\WV,MUUWV

:]\P*WZLQVZMKMQ^MLI*)QV!IVLIV5)QV

!QV PQ[\WZaNZWU\PM =VQ MZ[Q\aWN 5QVVM[W\I

;PM_I[LQ[KW]ZIOMLNZWUX]Z[]QVOI8P,JMKI][M

I\\PM\QUMQ\_I[NMT\JaUIVa\PI\I_QNMIVLUW\PMZ

KW]TL VW\IT[W JM I [KPWTIZ <PZW]OPW]\ PMZTQNM

PW_M MZ *WZLQV _I[IK\Q^MTa QV WT ML QV ZM[MIZKP

\MIKPQVOIVL_ZQ\QVO

.ZWU ! \W!*WZLQV_I[ I K]ZI\WZ I\ \PM

5QKPQOIV 0Q[\WZQKIT +WTTMK\QWV[ _PQKP XZWKMMLML

\PM*MV\TMa0Q[\WZQKIT4QJZIZa .ZWU!IVL

![PM TMK\]ZMLI\ -I[\MZV5QKPQOIV=VQ^MZ[Q\a

1V!*WZLQVX]JTQ[PML <PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV"

 ) 8QK\WZQIT 0Q[\WZaNWZ\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a¼[;M[Y]QKMV\MV

VQIT0MZW\PMZUIRWZX]JTQKI\QWV[QVKT]LML"?WUMV

IVL<MUXMZIVKM"<PM9]M[\NWZ8W_MZIVL4QJMZ\a#.ZIVKQ[

?QTTIZL" ) *QWOZIXPa#?I[P\MVI_ +W]V\a" )V 1TT][\ZI\ML

 0Q[\WZa# )TQKM .ZMMUIV8ITUMZ" <PM -^WT]\QWV WN I 6M_

?WUIVIVL?WUMVI\5QKPQOIV

1[IIK6M_\WV,MUUWV

0W_IZL 8MKSPIU ZMKMQ ML PQ[ *; QV ! IVL

PQ[5;QV !NZWU\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV

.ZWU! ]V\QT !PM [MZ ML\PM +TMUMV\[4QJZIZaI[+]ZI\WZWN5IV][KZQX\[IVLIT[WI[4MK\]ZMZ

QV4QJZIZa;KQMVKM.ZWU!\W!8MKSPIU_I[

,QZMK\WZWN \PM1VLQIVI0Q[\WZQKIT*]ZMI]IVL;MKZM

\IZaWN \PM1VLQIVI 0Q[\WZQKIT;WKQM\a 0MZM\]ZVML

\W\PM =VQ MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIVQV !I[ ,QZMK\WZ

WN \PM?QTTQIU 4+TMUMV\[ 4QJZIZaIVL 8ZWNM[[WZ

WN 0Q[\WZa0Q[JWWS<PM5ISQVOWN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN

 5QKPQOIV_I[X]JTQ[PMLQV!

)+367?4-,/-5-6<;

57:<¼;5)8?PQTMZM[MIZKPQVO\PMPQ[\WZaWN \PM+WTTMOMWN-VOQ

VMMZQVONWZ\PQ[X]JTQKI\QWVQV\PM*MV\TMa4QJZIZa_M

LQ[KW^MZML\PI\\PM,MIV¼[ZMKWZL[NZWU\PM,]LMZ

[\IL\aMIZ[_MZMUQ[[QVO<PM[MÅTM[QVKT]LMLIUWVO

W\PMZQUXWZ\IV\LWK]UMV\[\PMUW^MWN\PM+WTTMOM

\W \PM 6WZ\P +IUX][ ;W QV I \aXQKIT ,]LMZ[\IL\ ZM

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 105/108

+0:76747/1+)4,->-4785-6<

=61>-:;1<A7.51+01/)6+)58=;

)66):*7:

Ja\PM

84)6<,-8):<5-6<

Ja57:<

01;4)*7:7.47>-

5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa

 2IUM[2,]LMZ[\IL\

\W\PM6WZ\P+IUX][;WQVI\aXQKIT,]LMZ[\IL\ZM

[XWV[MPM_ZW\MIJWWS0W_M^MZ_PQTMTWWSQVONWZ\PMLWK]UMV\[QV\PM JI[MUMV\[KTW[M\[IVL I\\QK[

WN =VQ MZ[Q\a*]QTLQVO[ _MKIUM IKZW[[5WZ\QUMZ

+WWTMa¼[VW\M[QVIV WTLJW`QV\PM JI[MUMV\WN \PM

.@**]QTLQVO<PM\aXM_ZQ\\MVVW\M[KW^MZML\PM

ILUQVQ[\ZI\QWVIVLK]ZZQK]T]UWN \PM+WTTMOMNZWU

Q\[QVKMX\QWV\W\PM![7V\PMKW^MZWN \PMVW\M[

_I[IPIVL_ZQ\\MVVW\M"8ZWXMZ\aWN ,MIV¼[WNÅKM

  ,WVW\\ISMI_Ia 

1V! 5WZ\QUMZ+WWTMa ZM\]ZVML \W )VV)ZJWZ

\W_ZQ\M\PMPQ[\WZaWN \PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVO

0I^QVOSVW_VITTJ]\WVMWN\PMPMIL[WN\PMMV

OQVMMZQVOLMXIZ\UMV\[QVKMQ\[NW]VLQVOQV

IVLPI^QVOPQU[MTN JMMVWVQ\[NIK]T\aaMIZ[NZWU

\W!,MIV+WWTMaNMT\\PI\PM[PW]TL_ZQ\M

\PM[\WZa?MIZMOZI\MN]T\PI\PMLQL

 2QU,]LMZ[\IL\¼[JWWS7V\PM5W^M")8MZ[WVIT0Q[\WZa

WN \PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVOQV5WLMZV<QUM[KW^MZ[\PM

PQ[\WZaWN \PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVONZWU??11\W

\PMXZM[MV\

5aZWV5WZ\MV[WV5aZWV5WZ\MV[WVOZIL]I\MLNZWU\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN

5QKPQOIV_Q\PI*;QV+Q^QT-VOQVMMZQVOQV!

0M _WZSML I[ IV MVOQVMMZ QV \PM 8TIV\ ,MXIZ\

UMV\]V\QT!_PMVPMJMKIUM+PQMN ,ZIN\[UIV

5WZ\¼[OZMI\KWV\ZQJ]\QWV\W\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQ

OIV0Q[\WZaQ[PQ[UIX_Q\PNWW\XZQV\[WN ITTWN \PM

J]QTLQVO[WN\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aNZWU\PMJMOQVVQVO\W\PM

![

)+367?4-,/-5-6<;8PW\WOZIXP[

?Q\P OZI\Q\]LMIVLIXXZMKQI\QWV\W ITTWN \PW[M QV

LQ^QL]IT[_PWKZMI\MLIVLXZM[MZ ML\PMQUIOM[WN

\PMKIUX][M^MV\[IVLIK\Q^Q\QM[WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a

WN 5QKPQOIV

<PM QUIOM[ \PI\ QTT][\ZI\M \PQ[ [\WZa IZM NZWU \PM

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 106/108

<PM QUIOM[ \PI\ QTT][\ZI\M \PQ[ [\WZa IZM NZWU \PM

*MV\TMa 0Q[\WZQKIT +WTTMK\QWV[ 5IVa WZQOQVITTaIXXMIZMLQV \PM 5QKPQOIV )T]UV][ IVL\PM 5QKPQOIV

<MKPVQK

<PM*MV\TMa4QJZIZa_I[M[\IJTQ[PMLQV!\W[MZ^M

I[\PMWNÅKQITIZKPQ^M[WN\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV

IVL\WLWK]UMV\\PMPQ[\WZaWN \PM;\I\MWN 5QKPQ

OIV7]Z\PIVS[\W\PM*MV\TMa[\INNNWZ\PMQZI[

[Q[\IVKM

/MWZOM;_IQVZMKMQ^MLPQ[*)QV!IVLPQ[5)

QV!NZWU\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIV;_IQV_I[

IVML]KI\WZIVLIXPW\WOZIXPMZ0M\I]OP\[KPWWT

IVL[MZ MLI[XZQVKQXIT\W[M^MZIT[KPWWT[ 1V!;_IQVZM\]ZVML\W\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV[MZ^

QVOI[]VQ^MZ[Q\aXPW\WOZIXPMZ]V\QT!0MIK

KWUXIVQML8ZWNM[[WZ.ZIVKQ[3MT[MaWN \PM4I\QV,M

XIZ\UMV\WVNW]Z\ZQX[\W-]ZWXMI[IXPW\WOZIXPQK

\MKPVQKQIVXPW\WOZIXPQVO^IT]IJTMUIV][KZQX\[NWZ

\PM]VQ^MZ[Q\aKWTTMK\QWV

1V! IVL !;_IQV _I[ XIZ\WN I]VQ^MZ[Q\a

M`XMLQ\QWV_PQKPKWVL]K\MLM`KI^I\QWV[I\)V\QWKP

QV8Q[QLQI0MIVL8ZWNM[[WZ3MT[MaLZW^M]VQ^MZ[Q\a

KIZ[NZWU*Z][[MT[\W6IXTM[IVL\PZMMP]VLZMLUQTM[

IKZW[[)[QI5QVWZ

;_IQV¼[ WNÅKM _I[ TWKI\ML QV \PM KIUX][ TQJZIZa

_PMZM PMXZWL]KMLVMOI\Q M[ NWZTI\MZV [TQLM[ \PI\

_MZM ][MLQV KWVR]VK\QWV _Q\PTMK\]ZM[QV ÅVMIZ\[

IVLMVOQVMMZQVO 6MOI\Q M[ _MZM LM^MTWXML QV PQ[

PWUMLIZSZWWUI\8IKSIZL)^MV]M[QVKM\PM

][MWN KPMUQKIT[_I[NWZJQLLMVQV \PMTQJZIZaJ]QTL

QVO

/MWZOM:WJMZ\;_IQV <PM8IXaZ][0]V\MZ¼[+IZI^IV

,WLOMIVL/ZIPIU*ZW\PMZ[+IZ[8ZM[MV\ML\W\PM

=VQ^MZ[Q\aNWZ\PM.IZ-I[\-`XMLQ\QWV

<PMUIX WN <PWUI[ 2MNNMZ[WV¼[ WZQOQVIT[SM\KPWN

PQ[XTIVNWZ\PM6WZ\P_M[\<MZZQ\WZaIVL\PMUIXWN

\PM5QKPQOIV<MZZQ\WZaX]JTQ[PMLJa.4]KI[*IT\Q

UWZMIZMNZWU\PM+TMUMV\[4QJZIZa

<PMIMZQITXPW\WWN\PM-VOQVMMZQVO+IUX][Q[

KW]\M[aWN4IZIUQM8PW\WOZIXPQKIVL\PM+WTTMOMWN -VOQVMMZQVO5MLQIIVL5IZSM\QVOOZW]X

8PW\W[ WN \PM 5MLQI=VQWV WVXIOM[ _MZM

\ISMVJa/IZa9]M[ILMWN 3WZIJ0MVLZQKS*TM[[QVO

NWZ\PM,MLQKI\QWVWN\PM5MLQI=VQWV

)TTW\PMZ6WZ\P+IUX][8PW\W[_MZM\ISMVJa\PM

5MLQI=VQWVIVL\PM5QTTMVVQ]U8ZWRMK\;\INN

5MT QV )TTQ[WV 1^WZa IVW\PMZ XZWUQVMV\ XPW\WO

ZIXPMZKIUM\W)VV)ZJWZQV\PMUQL!¼[NZWU4IV[QVO_PMZMPMPILLWVMIUI\M]ZXPW\WÅVQ[PQVO

NWZPQ[NI\PMZ¼[\_WLZ]O[\WZM[?PQTMIV]VLMZOZIL

]I\MI\ \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV1^WZaJMKIUM

\PM WNÅKQIT XPW\WOZIXPMZ NWZ\PM 5QKPQOIV )T]UV][

 5QKPQOIVMV[QIVIVL\PM *]ZMI]WN )T]UVQ:MTI\QWV[

1^WZa¼[_QNM2IVM\RWQVMLPQUQVPQ[_WZS<PM1^WZa

KWTTMK\QWVQV\PM*MV\TMaLI\M[NZWU\PM!¼[\W\PM

MIZTa![<PMKWTTMK\QWVLWK]UMV\[)VV)ZJWZ

IVL\PM =VQ MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIV 1^WZaXZWL]KML

KW^MZIZ\NWZ\PM5QKPQOIV)T]UV][<PQ[OI^MPQU

\PMWXXWZ\]VQ\a\WM`XMZQUMV\IM[\PM\QKITTa_Q\P]V

][]ITIVOTM[TQOP\QVOIVL[]JRMK\UI\\MZ

7\PMZ XPW\WOZIXPMZ[ _PW KWV\ZQJ]\ML \W \PM PQ[

\WZQKITLWK]UMV\I\QWVWN \PM=VQ MZ[Q\aWN5QKPQOIV

QVKT]LM"22MNNMZ[WV/QJ[WV_PWXPW\WOZIXPML\PM

5MLQKIT;KPWWTIVLKWUXW[Q\QWV[ WN KTI[[M[2.ZML

:MV\[KPTTMZ_PW[MZ^MLI[IXXZMV\QKM\W/QJ[WV]V

\QT!_PMVPMWXMVMLPQ[W_V[\]LQWIVL;IU

;\]ZOQ[

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 107/108

;\INN WN 8PW\WIVL+IUX][;MZ^QKM[KQZKI!

)]LZMa¹)]LQMº0MZ VLWV+][ \WUMZ:MXZM[MV\I\Q^MIVL7bITQL7XMZI\WZ:WJMZ\¹*WJº3ITUJIKP,IZSZWWU8ZQV\MZ[WVWN 3IZT3ITUJIKP4IRW[ ¹4W]Q[º

5IZ\WVaQNI\PMZWN +[IJI5IZ\WVaQ7XP\ITUQK8PW\WOZIXPa:]\P;KPZWMLMZ8PW\WOZIXPMZ+IZUMV3ZI[\MNN7bITQL7XMZI\WZ.ZML)VLMQMOO;]XMZ^Q[WZ

8PW\WOZIXPMZ3IZTWaQ¹3IZTº3]\I[Q8PW\WOZIXPMZ4WZMVM.Q\bOMZITL;MKZM\IZa!?QTTQM,WJW[8PW\WOZIXPMZ?QTPMTUQVM0WM[T4IJWZI\WZa)[[Q[\IV\

+][\WUMZ:MXZM[MV\I\Q^M1T[M?QMVMZ\8PW\W[\I\7XMZI\WZ3IZT3ITUJIKP,IZSZWWU8ZQV\MZ

!

)+367?4-,/-5-6<;

5QTTMVVQ]U8ZWRMK\;\INN  ?Q\P \PIVS[IVL OZI\Q\]LM\W \PM5QTTMVVQ]U8ZW

 RMK\;\INN 5IZa5QTM[,IV .M[[IPIbQWVIVL 4QMVM

3IZMT[NWZ\PMQZI[[Q[\IVKMQV \PMXZWL]K\QWVWN \PQ[

X]JTQKI\QWV

<W\PM[\]LMV\[\PI\PI M_WZSMLWV IZQW][XZWRMK\[

QV \PM 5QTTMVVQ]U 8ZWRMK\" 2QU +IZMa ?PQ\VMa +WV

7/16/2019 AMD Engineering Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/amd-engineering-book 108/108

51+01/)6+747:;

¹<PMKTI[[WN !KWVKMQ^ML\PMQLMIWN »+TI[[+WTWZ[¼<PM

MV\QZMKTI[[UM\QV\PMWTLKPIXMTIVLIN\MZIKW]XTMWN UMM\QVO[

IVLU]KPLQ[K][[QWV[MTMK\MLNWZW]Z+TI[[KWTWZ[»5IQbMIVL

 *T]M¼IVL[]J[MY]MV\Ta\PM[MKW TWZ[_MZMILWX\MLJaNWTTW_QVO

KTI[[M[IVLÅVITTaJa\PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aº .ZIVSTQV;,M_Ma

KTI[[WN !  5QKPQOIV)T]UV][2IV]IZa!

1V!!4QMVM3IZMT[ZM[MIZKPML\PM¹\Z]Mº5QKPQ

OIV+WTWZ[4QMVM_ZW\M" ¹1\Q[XW[[QJTM\PMOZMI\M[\[MKZM\

WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\aWN 5QKPQOIVQ[\PI\WN Q\[KWTWZ[1V\QUM[

UWZMXWM\QKJ]\TM[[M`IK\\PMXZMKQ[M[PILM[WN \PM=VQ^MZ[Q\a¼[

KWTWZ[_MZMLM[QOVI\MLJaM^WKI\Q^MXPZI[M["¹Ib]ZMJT]MºIVL

¹ZQXMVQVOUIQbMº 1V\MZXZM\I\QWV[PI^M^IZQMLNZWU¹\PMÅVM

JT]MKWTWZWN \PM[Saº\W¹TIXQ[º¹]T\ZIUIZQVMºIVL¹\PMJT]M

WN \PMLMMX[MIº4M\\MZ\W\PM0Q[\WZaIVL<ZILQ\QWV[

+WUUQ\\MM5Ia!!

:MÆMK\IVKMLI\I_I[KIX\]ZMLNZWUIV!ZQJJWV

<PMZM[]T\[OI^M\PMNWTTW_QVOXZWÅTM["

5QKPQOIV5IQbM!

:/*+5A3

!!

5QKPQOIV*T]M!

:/*+5A3

!

,IV.M[[IPIbQWV

4QMVM3IZMT[

5IZa5QTM[

QV\PM5QTTMVVQ]U8ZWRMK\"2QU+IZMa?PQ\VMa+WV

ZILBIKS-^IV[)VLa3TM[P3I\QM8IZ[WV[8M\MZ?QT[WVIVL/ZMO?]

<W\PM[\INN WN 8ZQV\QVO;MZ^QKM[NWZ\PMQZI\\MV\QWV

IL^QKMIVLKIZM\PI\\PMaOI^M\W\PQ[_WZS

)VL\W2QU,]LMZ[\IL\NWZPQ[MVKW]ZIOMUMV\IVL

KWV[\IV\¹X][Pº\WKWUXTM\M\PMXZWRMK\

 2QU,]LMZ[\IL\_Q\PPQ[XMZ[WVIT\ZIQVMZ-L)\SQV[