AMBICO Steel Door Frame - ASTM International€¦ · Environmental Product Declaration: AMBICO...
Transcript of AMBICO Steel Door Frame - ASTM International€¦ · Environmental Product Declaration: AMBICO...
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Product Name: Steel Door Frame
Product Group: Commercial Steel Doors and/or Steel Frames
EPD Scope: Cradle-to-Gate
Declaration Holder: AMBICO
Program Operator: ASTM International
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
End of Validity: August 30, 2022
Reference PCR: Underwriters Laboratory Product Category Rule (PCR)
for Preparing an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for Product Group
Commercial Steel Doors and/or Steel Frames; Version (March 10, 2015)
PCR Review: The reference PCR review was conducted by: Jamie Meil Aaron Smith Don Baker
Athena Institute Assa Abloy Allegion
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Third Party Review: Independent verification of the declaration and data, according
to ISO 14025:2006 and ISO 21930:2007
LCA Reviewer:
Name: Thomas Gloria, Ph.D.
Organization: Industrial Ecology Consultants
EPD Verifier:
Name: Timothy S. Brooke
Organization: ASTM International
Signature:
EP
D S
um
ma
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Product Description
For the purpose of this EPD, the term “AMBICO Steel Frame” represents the full range of
AMBICO’s steel frames for both steel and wood swing doors. The EPD’s declared unit is a mass-
weighted average of all steel frames manufactured at AMBICO’s Ottawa, Ontario facility. As such,
this EPD applies to steel frames designed for acoustics, blast resistance, bullet resistance, fire
rating, radio-frequency shielding, tornado, x-ray shielding, etc. It is equally applicable to frames
made from galvannealed steel, galvanized steel, stainless steel, and decorative metal cladding.
The declared unit is one double rebate steel frame with nominal dimensions of 3-feet by 7-feet
(17 linear ft. of profile = 5.18m) and a jamb depth of 7-3/4” (197mm). The product system is the
A1-A3 Cradle-to-Gate production of the steel frame product. It includes primary inputs to the steel
frame as well as the ancillary materials used in manufacturing and packaging the product. In
accordance with the PCR governing commercial steel doors (UL 9005), this EPD does not cover
glazing, opening seals, hardware, etc.
The geographic regions for which the LCA is representative include the Ontario, Canada region
in which AMBICO’s facility resides, and also the entire geographic boundaries for AMBICO’s
customers (North America).
Product Characterization
The steel door frame product is provided to the customer packed in cardboard and wood
packaging materials. No installation services are included within the system boundary. No
secondary equipment and/or accessories are included in the declared unit or product system.
Additionally, manuals and other printed materials are included within the packaging.
Application
AMBICO (Steel Doors/Steel Frames/Wood Doors) are used in commercial, industrial,
institutional, and government facilities. Project types include, but are not limited to, business,
education, healthcare, detention, military, petrochemical, and residential. They may be used for
new constructions projects, retrofits, and historic retrofits where the product must respect the
existing look and feel.
Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frame
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
Market Placement/Installation Requirements
AMBICO (Steel Doors/Steel Frames/Wood Doors) are made from materials conforming to,
amongst others:
• ASTM A36/A36M: Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
• ASTM A240/A240M: Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickle Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications
• ASTM A500/A500M: Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes
• ASTM A554: Standard Specification for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
• ASTM A653/A653M: Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process
• ASTM B749: Standard Specification for Lead and Lead Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate Products
Technical Information
Thermal transmittance, air leakage, deflection/loading and outdoor-indoor sound attenuation information is not available for the average product group covered in this EPD. Product specifications and drawings are available at: https://www.ambico.com/acoustic-steel-doors-and-frames/. Contact AMBICO for additional technical information for specific products. Delivery Status The door frame product is shipped to the customer in the quantities specified in the declared unit definitions. The dimensions of the product are for a 3’ x 7’ steel door frame. Base Materials The steel door frame is comrpised primarily of a product called galvanealed steel. This input is steel that has been galvanized and annealed. The portion of each material in the steel door frame is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Base Materials for Steel Door Frame Declared Unit
Inputs Amount
Galvanealed Steel 72.54%
Stainless Steel 8.99%
Cold Rolled Coil 10.34%
Primer 6.80%
Lead 0.45%
Galvanized Steel 0.37%
Bronze 0.37%
Adhesives 0.14%
Bolts and Nuts 0.00%
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
Environment and Health Considerations During Use
The steel door frames pose no signficant environmental or health considerations during the use
phase.
Manufacturing
Steel door frames are manufactured at AMBICO’s Ottawa Ontario facility. The processing of raw
material inputs into a finished steel door frame, packaged and ready for shipment, includes the
following: Shearing the sheet metal components from, bending the metal into the required profiles,
cutting the profiles with a miter saw, welding the profiles together, finishing, and packaging.
Packaging
Table 2 lists the packaging inputs that are included in the shipment of steel door frames to
AMBICO’s customers. Some packaging materials may be reused.
Table 2: Packaging Inputs
Input Amount per declared unit Unit
Plywood 15.79 kg
Lumber 13.95 kg
Plastic Roll 0.05 kg
Paper Roll 0.01 kg
Carboard Roll 0.58 kg
Steel Strap 0.05 kg
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
Life Cycle Assessment
Declared Unit
The declared unit is one 3’ x 7’ steel door frame – as Manufactured at AMBICO’s Ottawa
Ontario facility.
System Boundary The system boundary for this study is limited to a cradle-to-gate focus. The following three life
cycle stages as per the governing PCR are included in the study scope (see Figure1):
• A1- Raw material supply (upstream processes): extraction, handling, and processing of
the steel and other raw materials.
• A2- Transportation: transportation of all input materials and fuels from the supplier to the
gate of the manufacturing facility.
• A3- Manufacturing (core process): the energy used to store, move, weld, assemble, and
package the steel door frame product. Also includes the operations of the manufacturing
facility as well as the transportation and processing of wastes from these core
processes.
Figure 1: Cradle-to-gate product system for AMBICO steel door frames
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
Estimates and Assumptions All significant foreground data was gathered from the manufacturer based on measured values (i.e. without estimation). The weighted average product profile is assumed to be representative of the various dimensions and finish options offered by AMBICO for their steel door frame product offerings. Allocation As prescribed by the UL PCR, the applied allocation procedures conform with ISO14044 clause 4.3.4. At the Ottawa ON facility, all the processing required (handling, fabricating, etc) specific to the door frame products were able to be reported separately by AMBICO and thus no allocation was required for the gate-to-gate manufacturing. Cut-off Crtieria
The cut-off criteria for all activity stage flows considered within the system boundary conform
with ISO14044:2006 and section 3.3 of the governing PCR. Specifically, the cut-off criteria were
applied as follows:
• All inputs and outputs for which data were available were included in the calculated
effects and no collected core process data were excluded.
• A one percent cut-off was considered for renewable and non-renewable primary energy
consumption and the total mass of inputs within a unit process. The sum of the total
negleted flows did not exceed 5% of all energy consumption and mass of inputs.
• All flows known to contribute a significant impact or to uncertainty were included;
• The cut-off rules were not applied to hazardous and toxic material flows – all of which
were included in the life cycle flow inventory.
Background Data
All upstream material, resource and energy carrier inputs have been sourced from various
industry-average datasets and literature. Care was taken to fill known data gaps as recorded in
the US LCI database profiles.
Tables 3 through 5 describe each LCI data source1 for raw materials (A1), transportation by
mode (A2) and the core manufacture process (A3). Tables 3 through 5 also include a data
quality assessment for all secondary data on the basis of the technological, temporal, and
geographical representativeness as per Section 2.1.7 of the UL PCR.
1 The dataset nomenclature contains regional abbreviations as follows: *RER: Europe; ROW: rest of world; NREL: National
Renewable Energy Laboratory; U: unit process; CH: Switzerland; CA-ON: Ontario, Canada; RNA: North America; GLO: global.
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
Table 3: A1 – Raw Material Supply
Materials LCI Data Source
Galvanealed Steel World Steel data for galvanized steel + anealing process from finished cold rolled coil
Stainless Steel International Stainless Steel Forum
Cold Rolled Coil World Steel data for finished cold rolled coil
Primer USEI Database: Alkyd paint, white, 60% in solvent, at plant/RER with US electricity U
Lead USEI Database: Lead, at regional storage/RER with US electricity U
Galvanized Steel Worls Steel data for galvanized steel
Bronze USEI Database: Bronze, at plant/CH with US electricity U
Adhesives ecoinvent 3 Database: Adhesive, for metal {RoW}| production | Alloc Def, U
Bolts and Nuts World Steel data for cold rolled coil
Table 4: A2 - Transportation
Process LCI Data Source
Road USLCI 2014 – single unit truck transport, diesel powered, short haul US avg.;
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
Table 5: A3 - Manufacturing
Energy LCI Data Source
Electricity ecoinvent 3 Database: Electricity, low voltage {CA-ON}| market for | Alloc Def, U
Natural Gas USLCI 2014 Database: Natural gas, combusted in industrial boiler/US
Liquid Propane USLCI 2014 Database: Liquefied petroleum gas, combusted in industrial boiler/US/l/RNA
Welding Gases LCI Data Source
Argon USEI Database: Argon, liquid, at plant/RER with US electricity U
Oxygen USLCI 2014 Database: Oxygen, liquid, at plant/RNA
Carbon Dioxide USEI Database: Carbon dioxide liquid, at plant/RER with US electricity U
Stargon Blend of carbon dioxide, argon, and oxygen
Water LCI Data Source
Municipal Water Modeled as elementary flow
Packaging LCI Data Source
Plywood Athena data for Canadian average plywood
Lumber Canadian average lumber LCA
Plastic Roll ecoinvent 3 Database: Packaging film, low density polyethylene {GLO}| market for | Alloc
Def, U
Paper Roll ecoinvent 3 Database: Kraft paper, bleached {RoW}| production | Alloc Def, U
Carboard Roll USEI Database: Corrugated board, mixed fibre, single wall, at plant/RER with US electricity U
Steel Strap World Steel data for finished cold rolled coil
Polystyrene Strap USLCI 2014 Database: Polystyrene, high impact, resin, at plant, CTR/kg/RNA
Waste LCI Data Source
Steel scrap recycled Transportation only as per PCR
Stainless steel recycled Transportation only as per PCR
Lead recycled Transportation only as per PCR
Solid waste and liquid waste
landfilled
ecoinvent 3 Database: Process-specific burden, sanitary landfill {RoW}| processing | Alloc
Def, U
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
Data Quality
Data quality requirements, as specified in the UL PCR section 2.1.7, are applied. This LCA and
resulting EPD was created using industry average data for upstream materials. Data variation
can result from differences in supplier locations, manufacturing processes, efficiency and fuel
types used. All LCI data (Tables 3 through 5) were assessed on the basis of the three data
quality indicators listed below. Each indicator is interpreted with respect to its context and key
determining data parameters.
Technical representativeness: Technical representativeness is the degree to which the data
reflects the actual technology(ies) used. Core manufacturing process technology is derived
from the manufacturing facilities and is highly representative. The secondary data for inputs to
the manufacturing process are deemed to be reflective of typical or average technologies used
by AMBICO in the production of doors and door frames. Some background material and
process data are European but deemed to be similar to technologies used in the US.
Temporal representativeness: Temporal representativeness is the degree to which the data
reflects the actual time (e.g. year) or age of the activity. Core manufacturing process data is
based on activities for the year 2016. All other key LCI data sources are less than 10 years old.
Geographical representativeness: Geographical representativeness is the degree to which
the data reflects the actual geographic location of the activity (e.g. country or site).
Geographical coverage of core manufacturing processes is Ontario, Canada. Some material
and process data are based on European sources (ecoinvent v3) while others are based on
European data but modified where possible to incorporate North American upstream data
(USEI).
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) is the phase in which the set of results of the inventory
analysis – the inventory flow table – is further processed and interpreted in terms of
environmental impacts and resource use inventory metrics. As specified in the UL PCR, Table
3, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report and the US
EPA Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts
(TRACI), version 2.1, 2013 impact categories were used. Table 6 below summmarizes the LCA
results for the cradle-to-gate (A1-A3) product system.
Table 6: LCA Results
Description of the System Boundary (x : included in LCA; mnd: module not declared)
Product Construction
Installation Use End-of-life
Benefits Beyond
the System
Raw
Mat
eria
l su
pp
ly
Tra
nsp
ort
Man
ufa
ctu
rin
g
Tra
nsp
ort
Co
nst
ruct
ion
/In
stal
lati
on
Use
Mai
nte
nan
ce
Rep
air
Rep
lace
men
t
Ref
urb
ish
men
t
Op
erat
ion
al E
ner
gy U
se
Op
erat
ion
al W
ater
Use
De-
Co
nst
ruct
ion
/ D
emo
litio
n
Tra
nsp
ort
Was
te p
roce
ssin
g
Dis
po
sal
Reu
se
Rec
ove
ry
Rec
yclin
g
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D D D
x x x mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd mnd
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
Table 6: LCA Results (Continued)
Impact Assessment Results: A1-A3 Steel Door Frame Declared Unit
Environmental Indicator Unit A1-A3 Total
Global Warming Potential (climate change) kg CO2 eq 1.82E+02
Ozone Depletion Potential kg CFC-11 eq 4.42E-06
Acidification Potential kg SO2 eq 1.07E+00
Eutrophication Potential kg N eq 4.94E-02
Photochemical Ozone Creation/Smog Potential kg O3 eq 8.93E+00
Abiotic Depletion Potential, ADP-Fossil Fuels MJ Surplus 1.42E+02
Resource Use Unit A1-A3 Total
Use of renewable primary energy as energy MJ 7.33E+01
Use of renewable primary energy as a material MJ 0.00E+00
Total use of renewable primary energy MJ 7.33E+01
Use of non-renewable primary energy as energy MJ 2.42E+03
Use of non-renewable primary energy as a material MJ 5.95E+02
Total use of non-renewable primary energy MJ 3.02E+03
Use of secondary materials kg 0.00E+00
Use of renewable secondary fuels kg 0.00E+00
Use of non-renewable secondary fuels kg 0.00E+00
Use of freshwater resources m3 1.49E+00
Waste and Outputs Unit A1-A3 Total
Disposed of Hazardous Waste kg 0.00E+00
Disposed of Non-Hazardous Waste kg 4.42E-01
Disposed of Radioactive Waste kg 0.00E+00
Components for Reuse kg 0.00E+00
Materials for Recycling kg 7.79E+00
Materials for Energy Recovery kg 0.00E+00
Exported Thermal Energy (Waste to Energy) kg 0.00E+00
Comparability of EPDs:
Full conformance with the PCR for Steel Door Frames and Steel Doors allows EPD
comparability only when all stages of a Product System’s life cycle have been considered.
However, variations and deviations are possible.
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
Interpretation Table 7 provides a contribution analysis of the impact assessment results by information module.
Tables 8 and 9 show the breakdown of the impacts caused by the two most signifcant cradle-to-
gate modules as identified in Table 7. Table 8 shows the A1 breakdown and Table 9 shows the
A3 breakdown.
Table 7: Interpretation (A1-A3) Steel Door Frame Declared Unit
Environmental Indicator Total A1 A2 A3
Global Warming Potential (climate change) 100% 71% 0% 29%
Ozone Depletion Potential 100% 42% 0% 57%
Acidification Potential 100% 56% 0% 43%
Eutrophication Potential 100% 67% 1% 32%
Photochemical Ozone Creation/Smog Potential 100% 65% 2% 34%
Abiotic Depletion Potential, ADP-Fossil Fuels 100% 50% 1% 49%
Table 7 shows that the majority of the environmental burdens are generally driven by raw materials use (A1) relative to transportation (A2) and core manufacturing (A3) of the steel door frames.
Table 8: Interpretation (A1) Steel Door Frame Declared Unit
Environmental Indicator Total Steel Other
Global Warming Potential (climate change) 100% 90% 10%
Ozone Depletion Potential 100% 0% 100%
Acidification Potential 100% 78% 22%
Eutrophication Potential 100% 41% 59%
Photochemical Ozone Creation/Smog Potential 100% 78% 22%
Abiotic Depletion Potential, ADP-Fossil Fuels 100% 63% 37%
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
Table 8 shows that the steel drives the impacts in every category except ozone depletion potential.
The overall scale of ozone depletion potential emissions is insignficant which results in skewed
results for this impact category indicator.
Table 9: Interpretation (A3) Steel Door Frame Declared Unit
Environmental Indicator Total Energy Welding Gases Other
Global Warming Potential (climate change) 100% 68% 28% 3%
Ozone Depletion Potential 100% 82% 16% 1%
Acidification Potential 100% 70% 25% 5%
Eutrophication Potential 100% 82% 13% 6%
Photochemical Ozone Creation/Smog Potential 100% 51% 37% 12%
Abiotic Depletion Potential, ADP-Fossil Fuels 100% 86% 14% 1%
Table 9 indicates that the energy use at the Ottawa facility drives the A3 impacts. Welding gases also contribute significantly to the various impact category indicators.
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Environmental Product Declaration:
AMBICO Steel Door Frames
According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Declaration Number: EPD 068
Date of Issuance: August 30, 2017
References
1. Athena Institute: 2017 - A Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment of Door and Door Frames
Manufactured by AMBICO. Background LCA report to this EPD.
2. EN 15804:2012 Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations –
Core rules for the product category of construction products.
3. ISO 21930: 2007 Building construction – Sustainability in building construction –
Environmental declaration of building products.
4. ISO 14025: 2006 Environmental labeling and declarations - Type III environmental
declarations - Principles and procedures.
5. ISO 14044: 2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and
guidelines.
6. ISO 14040: 2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and
framework.
7. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2014. U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database.
https://www.lcacommons.gov/nrel/search.
8. UL 9005: Product Category Rule (PCR) for Preparing an Environmental Product Declaration
(EPD) for Product Group Commercial Steel Doors and/or Steel Frames; Version March 10,
2015.
9. U.S. EI Database (2012). Earthshift and ecoinvent (ecoinvent 2.2; modified with US
electricity). Published and packaged with SimaPro.
10. U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database." (2012). National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2012.
Accessed August 29, 2017: https://www.lcacommons.gov/nrel/search
11. Wernet, G., Bauer, C., Steubing, B., Reinhard, J., Moreno-Ruiz, E., and Weidema, B., 2016.
The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. The International
Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, [online] 21(9), pp.1218–1230. Available at:
<http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11367-016-1087-8> [Accessed 29 08 2017].