Amberg TSP Plus - Amberg Technologies

Amberg TSP PlusSee ahead - build safer

Evaluation ManualVersion 2.0.1.0, 07/2016© Amberg Technologies AG, 2012-2016Art. No. 20847

Amberg Technologies AGTrockenloostrasse 218105 RegensdorfSwitzerland

Phone: +41 44 870 92 22Mail: [email protected]://www.amberg.ch/at

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.amberg.ch/at

Evaluation Manual

© Amberg Technologies AG, 2012-2016 of 136

Table of ContentsWelcome to Amberg TSP Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1 Software licence agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Installing the software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.1 System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.2 Software installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 Software licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.1 Hardkey version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.2 Softkey version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.3 License tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.4 License upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4 Maintenance & Support contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Use of manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5.1 Conventions used in this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Safety Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

6.1 Use of instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.2 Disclaimer of liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1 General Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.1 General work flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.2 The TSP concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.2.1 Project and Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.2.2 Infrastructure and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.2.3 Tubes and shafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.2.4 Heading focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.2.5 Chainage and Heading stationing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.2.6 Heading stationing and 3D Tunnelmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

1.3 Coordinate systems and calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.3.1 Absolute coordinate system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.3.2 TSP local coordinate systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.3.3 TSP layout referencing coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.3.4 Bore hole properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1.4 Description of the work space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.4.1 Customizing workspace components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

1.5 General menu functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.5.1 Menu File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.5.2 Menu View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.5.3 Menu Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.5.4 Menu Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.6 General toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.7 Program options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

1.7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.7.2 Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.7.3 Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

1.8 Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 The TSP Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2.1 New Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.2 Project conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.3 TSP Project tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.4 Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

2.4.1 Add new address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.4.2 Edit address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Evaluation Manual Evaluation Manual

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2.4.3 Delete address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.5 Rock Catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.6 Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.7 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

3 Axes definition in TSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453.1 Axis toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.2 Infrastructure axes editor (design tubes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3.2.1 Add / copy axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.2.2 Horizontal alignment editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.2.3 Vertical alignment editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3.3 Construction axes editor (tube headings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.3.1 Add construction state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473.3.2 Add / copy tube heading axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.3.3 Horizontal alignment editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.3.4 Vertical alignment editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.3.5 Deriving alignments from an existing axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

4 The TSP Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.1 Add Campaign... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.2 Import campaign... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574.3 Delete / Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.4 Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.5 Shot data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

4.5.1 Shot data editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.6 Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.7 Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

4.7.1 Profiles tool bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644.7.2 Add profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654.7.3 Edit profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664.7.4 Import/Export profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

4.8 Tunnel model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674.8.1 Tunnel model toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674.8.2 Add tunnel section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

4.9 Receiver / Shot hole line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.9.1 Add/remove receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694.9.2 Add/remove shot hole line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704.9.3 Add/remove shot hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714.9.4 Edit receiver and shot hole properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714.9.5 Copy/paste receiver and shot hole properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

4.10 Data processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734.10.1 Add processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734.10.2 Survey setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744.10.3 Copy processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764.10.4 Delete processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

5 Survey and 3D-Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795.1 Processing setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

5.1.1 Processing monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.1.2 Trace view toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.1.3 Trace view options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835.1.4 Spectrum view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845.1.5 Volume view toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.1.6 Volume view options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.1.7 Histogram view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Evaluation Manual Evaluation Manual


5.2 Step 1: Geometry Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885.3 Step 2: Offset Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885.4 Step 3: Data Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885.5 Step 4: Data Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895.6 Step 5: Data Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

5.6.1 Data length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895.6.2 Zeroing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.6.3 Average Amplitude Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.6.4 Spectrogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

5.7 Step 6: Time Variant Highcut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925.7.1 Principle of time variant highcut filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

5.8 Step 7: Band Pass Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955.9 Step 8: First Arrival Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965.10 Step 9: Pick Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975.11 Step 10: Pick Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

5.11.1 Vp/Vs ratio & S-wave arrival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005.12 Step 11: Shot Energy Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015.13 Step 12: Q-estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025.14 Step 13: Reflected waves extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025.15 Step 14: P.S. Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045.16 Step 15: Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055.17 Step 16: Velocity Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055.18 Step 17: Velocity Pick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065.19 Step 18: Depth Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065.20 Step 19: Event extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075.21 Step 20: Reflector extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

6 Result Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096.1 Evaluation set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

6.1.1 Evaluation set toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.1.2 Evaluation set view options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.1.3 Charts view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146.1.4 2D/3D views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146.1.5 Reflector table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

7 Result presentation and report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1257.1 Report preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

7.1.1 Preparation of report header and footer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1257.1.2 Preparation of result table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1267.1.3 Preparation of charts and 2D view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1277.1.4 Preparation of 3D view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

7.2 Printing graphical report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1287.2.1 Report settings wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1287.2.2 Print options wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

7.3 DXF Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130A Definition of a straight axis in Amberg TSP Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

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Evaluation Manual


Welcome to Amberg TSP PlusCongratulation on purchase of Amberg TSP plus, the system software of the TSP 303 Plussystem. From software version 2.0.1.0, the powerful Amberg TSP Data Viewer joins the Am-berg TSP Plus software family. Definitions, functionalities and options relevant to the AmbergTSP Data Viewer are indicated in this manual by the following icon .

From the use of innovative technologies a more rapid construction of extremely complex un-derground structures is possible. Examples might be the use of tunnel boring machines, withadvance rates of up to 20 m or more each day, or advanced drill and blast techniques. In eithercase, the safety and progress of the project is based on the assumed knowledge of the rock'sproperties ahead of the face. It is possible to obtain more information by drilling probe holesbut these are costly and considerably delay many tunnel works.

The Tunnel Seismic Prediction TSP®, a rapid, non-destructive and highly sophisticated mea-suring system is especially designed for underground construction works. The TSP® methodwas first introduced to the underground construction market in 1994. Since then it has beensuccessfully used on more than 1'000 underground projects worldwide.

TSP 303 Plus is a ready to use system to measure seismic reflected waves and to evaluategeology ahead the tunnel face in 3D. The goal is to predict unforeseen changes in rock condi-tions which too often cause unnecessary costly downtime and problems.

This Method provides:

■ A prediction of major changes in the rock structure both ahead and surrounding the tunnelface

■ The evaluation of the mechanical properties of the rock ahead of the face.

In most rock formations the TSP® method can provide data up to 150 m ahead of the face and inhard rock even more than 200 m. The TSP 303 plus system with its Amberg TSP Plus softwarefrom Amberg Technologies AG builds on the experience and features of the already provenTSP® 202 and TSP® 203PLUS systems. Amberg TSP Plus software can acquire, processand evaluate data all within the common Microsoft Windows interface. It is now possible, forexample, to determine the distribution of the rock's mechanical parameters, such as elasticModuli and Poisson's ratio, for the entire area under investigation within a 3D space. With thisinformation it is possible to recommend suitable measures to reinforce weak rock zones formaximum safety and optimum advance rates. Amberg Technologies AG has investigated itsconsiderable knowledge and experience into the development of this system. We are sure youwill enjoy its high standard of accuracy, user friendliness and ease of handling and we wishyou many successful future projects using this equipment.

Please read this manual carefully together with the operating instructions of the othersystem components before starting to measure with the equipment.

Please consider the safety references.

The software Amberg TSP Data Viewer is separately available, an extra license mustbe acquired.

1 Software licence agreement You can find the software license agreement under the following link:

Welcome to Amberg TSP Plus Evaluation Manual


http://www.ambergtechnologies.ch/license-agreement

2 Installing the software This section describes the installation/uninstallation of the software and its components.

2.1 System requirements

The table below shows minimal computer specifications for the data processing.

Table 1. System requirements

Operating system Windows 7 (64 bit)RAM Minimum 8 GB RAM requiredHard disk capacity Fast hard disk with minimum 10 GB free space or external

hard disksProcessor Multi core processor, minimum 2 GHz each recommendedPrinter Any printer with Windows printer driver

For the data collection it is recommended to use the Panasonic Toughbook delivered with thesystem. Other computers are not supported by Amberg Technologies. Do not run any othersoftware on the measuring computer as required. Switch off any firewall and other securitybased software (virus scan, etc.). OS Windows XP and Windows Vista as well as Windows 732-bit are not being supported.

2.1.1 Graphic card driver troubleshooting

It may happen that on the system you have installed Amberg TSP Plus software, the 3D graph-ical content is not displayed correctly or not shown at all. Mainly, the reasons are outdatedgraphic card drivers. In such cases, updating graphic card drivers to the latest version is re-quired. For necessary updates, please update the drivers of installed graphic card by mostrecent servicepacks/drivers provided by the card manufacturer.

Graphic card drivers of Panasonic Toughbooks delivered with software version AmbergTSP Plus 2.0 by Amberg Technologies are up to date. Updates are not necessary.

In case updates are necessary, read the graphic card manual before you download andupdate drivers, carefully. Before proceeding with the installation, verify the driver youdownloaded supports your graphics card.

2.2 Software installation

2.2.1 Latest software release

You may download the latest software release of Amberg TSP Plus and/or Am-berg TSP Data Viewer with personal login information from the following website:www.ambergtechnologies.ch/downloads1. If you don't have a valid login access, please let usknow and contact us at <[email protected]>.

1 http://www.ambergtechnologies.ch/nc/downloads

http://www.ambergtechnologies.ch/license-agreement

http://www.ambergtechnologies.ch/nc/downloads

http://www.ambergtechnologies.ch/nc/downloads

Evaluation Manual Welcome to Amberg TSP Plus


2.2.2 Installation

The Amberg TSP Plus program is supplied on installation media in compressed form. Theprogram can only be used on the hard disk after it has been installed.

The procedure is as follows:

1. Attach USB flash drive of Amberg Technologies.2. A menu is automatically loaded and displayed. Select from here Amberg TSP Plus exe-

cutable.3. If you have downloaded the program from our Internet website, unzip the file to an empty

directory and double-click on the file AmbergTSPplus_(Version).exe.4. Follow the instructions during the installation.

During the installation, the wizard will ask for TSP USB driver installation. When installing thesoftware for the very first time it is necessary to select these option.

Do not plug USB software dongle before the appropriate drivers have been installedon your computer. Please note that for the dongle driver installation you need to havelocal administration rights on your computer.

Please install and remove the dongle only, when the computer is switched off. Other-wise, the dongle can be damaged.

2.2.3 Software updates

Whenever there is a new release of the software Amberg TSP Plus, simply install it accordingto the instructions above.

You are entitled to run the downloaded application version if the Maintenance & Supportcontract of your dongle was valid at the release date. More information about the M&S contractis available in: Section 4 Maintenance & Support contract

2.2.4 Uninstallation

Please use the function "Uninstall Amberg TSP Plus" to remove the software from your oper-ating system.

Please remember, that only files, which have not been modified since installation, can be unin-stalled. This means that data files can eventually not be uninstalled automatically. They needthe be deleted manually (e.g. with Explorer).

3 Software licensing For access to the full functionality of the TSP 303 data acquisition, two types of license keysare supported, Hardkeys and Softkeys. Hardkeys are integrated in the Recording Unit, whileSoftkeys are being embedded in the Windows registry of the delivered Toughbook PC. Frommodel year 2015 on, the TSP 303 Plus system is shipped with Softkeys on your ToughbookPC with regard to Data Acquisition.



3.1 Hardkey version

The TSP 303 Recording Unit is supplied with a Hardkey. The serial number can be seen un-der Help ▶ About Amberg TSP Plus or under Help ▶ License tool... This only works, if theRecording Unit is connected with the Toughbook PC. The connected Hardkey is indicated by

.

3.1.1 Installation of Hardkey drivers

Disconnect Toughbook from Recording Unit. Switch on the Toughbook PC. Install the AmbergTSP Plus installation executable. Dongle drivers are installed together with the application.

The installation of any application only works with administrator rights. Please installthe application only, when the Toughbook is offline from the Recording Unit. Otherwise,the Hardkey can be damaged.

3.2 Softkey version

The application Amberg TSP Plus is supplied with Softkey Certificates. The Certificates num-ber can be seen under Help ▶ About Amberg TSP Plus or under Help ▶ License tool...Registered certificated are indicated by .

3.2.1 Installation of Softkey drivers

Disconnect Toughbook from Recording Unit. Switch on the Toughbook PC. Install the AmbergTSP Plus application. Softkey drivers are installed together with the application.

3.3 License tool

To view and upgrade the licenses on the Hardkey/Softkey the separate license tool can beused. To start the license tool, select Help ▶ License tool....

3.3.1 License viewer

The license viewer displays a list of all Hardkeys/Softkeys which are available on the presentdevice and the features licensed on these keys. To see the licensed features of a Hardkey/Soft-key, expand its feature entries by clicking on the small triangle next to the visible key name.

3.4 License upgrade

A license upgrade is possible at any time, e.g. for having access to additional hardware andacquisition features. The license upgrade progress is equal for Hardkeys and Softkeys

Upgrades will only be provided after purchase of license extensions or new licenses.



3.4.1 Creating a c2v file

Client-to-vendor (.c2v) files are used to transfer information of a Hardkey/Softkey from thesoftware user to the software vendor. Amberg Technologies may ask you for sending this fileto be able to upgrade your Hardkey/Softkey with new licensed features or extend the licensingperiod of already licensed features.

To create a c2v file, right-click on the entry of the Hardkey/Softkey for which the c2vfile should be created. From the context menu select Create c2v file and specify thelocation where it should be stored. Send the created Client to vendor files (.c2v) to<[email protected]>.

3.4.2 Updating from a v2c file

Vendor-to-client files (.v2c) are used to update a Hardkey/Softkey on the software user clientwith new licenses, extend license periods or update licensed features. Amberg Technologieswill send you such a file in the process after purchasing license extensions or new licenses.

To update a Hardkey/Softkey from a v2c file, right-click on the entry of the Hardkey/Softkeythat should be updated. From the context menu select Update from v2c file and select the filefrom its storage location. After updating a Hardkey/Softkey you may use the Refresh key datafunction in the context menu to display the updated license information.

4 Maintenance & Support contractWhenever Amberg TSP Plus 2.0 is launched on your computer, the licence tool willcheck the available dongles for licensed modules and options. Additionally, it checks theMaintenance&Support contract flag (M&S) on your dongle to ensure that the dongle is autho-rized to run the installed release of Amberg TSP Plus. The dongle will work only with releasespublished within the M&S contract period.



The Amberg TSP Plus software is continuously improved and maintained. For updating to anewer release of the application after the M&S contract period has expired, it is required torenew it.

For doing this, please don't hesitate to contact your local distributor or Amberg TechnologiesAG <[email protected]>.

5 Use of manualUse this manual as a reference book. You will find information about all functions operatingAmberg TSP Plus.

5.1 Conventions used in this manual

Since errors in the manual and in the program cannot possibly be prevented with absolute cer-tainty, Amberg Technologies AG is always grateful for comments and feedback. The circum-stances and location involved when an error occurred should be described as accurately aspossible.

Information to prevent injury to yourself when trying to complete a task.

Information to prevent damage to the components when trying to complete a task.

Information that you must follow to complete a task.

Additional information.

Information using features efficiently.

6 Safety DirectionsThe TSP system concept is designed to be used in seismic measurements in tunnels. Thereare inherent dangers in working in this environment. There are also some safety measuresregarding the TSP system. It is essential to read these safety instructions carefully.

It is essential to consider the local tunnel safety regulations as well as the safety regu-lations in this manual!

The following directions should enable the person responsible for the TSP system and theoperator to anticipate and avoid operational hazards. The person responsible for the instrumentmust ensure that all users understand and obey theses directions. Read this manual and themanuals of the other system components and accessories carefully before you activate theinstrument.

6.1 Use of instrument

6.1.1 Intended use of instrument

The TSP system is designed and suitable for the following applications, within the limits of itsintended conditions of use:



■ Measurement of seismic waves generated by explosives inside a tunnel.■ Recording the measurements on a control computer.

6.1.2 Prohibited uses

■ Use of the instrument without instruction.■ Use others than the recommended applications for which the instrument is intended.

6.1.3 Prohibited modifications

All changes, modifications or conversions of the product are prohibited in order to fullycomply with the law. Changes could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

6.1.4 Danger working within tunnel environment

It is essential to consider the necessary safety regulations of the security administrationand take all appropriate measures. Dangerous situations can arise through work intunnels, for example:

■ Moving construction site vehicles■ Items thrown up or fallen down by passing vehicles.■ Electric current flow through lines.■ Oxygen deficiency.

The above is not a complete list of dangers. The TSP system should only be used by personswho are authorised by the responsible person and when all safety precautions are being ob-served. The manufacturer/supplier does not take any responsibility for the safe operation ofthe equipment.

6.1.5 Other dangers

The TSP system contains parts and devices which are operated by the user. With intendeduse the following references must be considered:

■ During drilling bore holes and installation of the receiver, avoid placing any part ofthe body (e.g. fingers) between working tools (e.g. bore hammer, bore jumbo, etc.)and installation tools (e.g. adapter).

■ Single boxes of the TSP system weigh up to 15kg. However, incorrect lifting techniquecan cause back pain or associated problems. Consider the maximum lifting limits andget help if required.

■ The TSP system is supplied with rechargeable batteries. Inappropriate use of thebattery may lead to an explosion. Consider the warnings and manuals for the correcthandling of the batteries. Only use batteries according to specifications of AmbergTechnologies.

6.1.6 Limits of Use

Environment: Suitable for use in an atmosphere appropriate for permanent human habitation:not suitable for use in aggressive or explosive environments.

Local authorities and safety experts must be contacted before working in explosiveareas, close proximity to electrical installations or any similar hazardous situations.



6.2 Disclaimer of liability

It shall be noticed, that the TSP system on the whole and each single component of the TSPsystem holds no intrinsic safety for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. It means that allTSP devices are not tested and consequently certified according to ATEX CE compliance orother relevant directives on the incapability of igniting flammable gases or fuels, e.g. methane,by releasing sufficient electrical, electrostatic, electromagnetic or thermal energy. Any liabilityfor direct or indirect loss or damage (notably but not exclusively loss of profits and claims by thirdparties) which may arise as a result of the non-fulfilment of AT's contractual obligations and/oras a result of the operation, and/or the operational breakdown of any TSP system componentsupplied by AT is hereby expressly excluded. In no event shall AT be liable for incidental orconsequential damages, even if AT shall have been given notice of the possibility of suchdamages being claimed.

Evaluation Manual


Chapter 1 General Introduction1.1 General work flowThe general work flow for working with TSP 303 Plus including Amberg TSP Plus consists ofthe following steps:

A. Preparatory tunnel work1. Definition of seismic layout for receivers and shot hole line locations and mark on tunnel

wall.2. Drilling of receiver holes and shot holes.3. Measuring of drilled receivers and shot holes geometry and tunnel profile(s) according

to defined reference point.B. Acquisition of new data

1. Mount all necessary acquisition hardware devices like receivers, cables, etc.2. Connect recording unit with Toughbook and switch on both.3. Start application, open already existing project or create new project.4. Add new campaign in project and edit all campaign relevant information.5. Open acquisition and follow the wizard editing all relevant information of hardware setup,

receiver, shot hole and shot information.6. Perform single shots recording.7. Check of signal quality each shot and accept or discard the shot.

C. Construction axes, headings and campaign axes1. Open the project with the acquired data set.2. In the Construction part of the project input the axes of your headings. You can either

import heading axes from certain file formats, derive axes from an existing infraestructureor construction axes or enter them manually. Each heading needs an axis in order to beable to continue with the project definition.

3. Define at least one Construction axis for each heading, e.g. excavation.4. In the Campaign setup select the heading axis of the campaign.5. Define campaign relevant geometry in profile, tunnel model and receiver/shot hole line

editors. Check the edited excavation stage in the 3D view of the Tunnel model editor.6. Define additional excavation stages according to the tunneling progress on all available

axes.7. Optionally define the infrastructure of the project and define at least one Axis for each

structure element. This step is only needed if you want to use chainage axes to deriveyour heading axes. Please refer to the concepts section below to find out more.

D. Processing and Evaluation of seismic data1. Add new Processing.2. Select surveys and shots for processing in the survey setup editor.3. Process the data by using computed or individual defined processing parameter.4. Evaluate and interpret processed data in the evaluation set editor.

General Introduction Evaluation Manual


5. Finish the campaign by printing out the result report with tables and graphics.

1.2 The TSP concept This overview should help the user to understand basic terms that are used for operationalwork and in the software, explaining the concept in geometrical point of view.

1.2.1 Project and Campaign

Project and campaign describe two different views of the same tunnel construction.

Project Project is defined as the overall tunnel construction project between its portalsfollowing the designed tunnel axis and assigned heading stationing. With ongoingexcavation, one tunnel TSP measurement is represented by a single Campaignand Seismic axis. Multiple seismic campaigns can be performed within the sameproject independently of the heading direction.

Cam-paign

Campaign is a present section of a tunnel and its area ahead where a TSP mea-surement and prediction ahead is made. Every seismic layout of a campaign startswith a Reference point (REF). All survey points of the layout have to be refer-enced to the Reference point (REF) and its Reference axis. Distances are mea-sured in Local distances. Generally, the Reference axis is equivalent to theSeismic axis. If overall project tunnelmeter are known the Local distances canbe transferred into project's Tunnelmeter.

Figure 1. Project and Campaign definition

Evaluation Manual General Introduction


Figure 2. Campaign (plan view)

1.2.2 Infrastructure and Construction

Infrastructure and Construction describe two different views on the same project.

Infrastructure This is the view on the project as a in-design or finished structure. TheStructure view on the project contains infrastructure and shafts withchainage axes. It can be used for deriving heading axes and extra infor-mation on certain reports.

Construction This is the view on the project as being under construction. The Construc-tion view on the project contains all heading axes and their constructionstate at the moment of a given TSP measurement. All excavation workrelated to tunnel construction can be managed through this view on theproject on a temporal basis (e.g. daily, weekly, monthly, etc).

Figure 3. Infrastructure and Construction



1.2.3 Tubes and shafts

In Amberg TSP Plus 2.0, the main project elements can be defined either as tubes (tube head-ings) or shafts (shaft headings).

Tube or Tube heading A tube or tube heading is a tunnel element with a non-verticalaxis. Also all declined projects which are not strictly verticalmust be defined as tube (tube heading). Axes of tube headingsare defined by a horizontal and vertical alignment that describethe 3D curve of the tube (heading) axis in space. View directionin a tube heading is always in increasing heading stationingdirection.

Shaft or Shaft heading A shaft or shaft heading axis is strictly vertically defined. Theshaft axis is defined by one straight element, that has identicaleasting and northing values for the start and the end point. Ashaft axis can be defined top-down or bottom-up.

View direction for a shaft heading is always in increasing heading stationing direction,which means that if the start point is higher than the end point, view direction is topdown and if the start point is lower than the end point, view direction is bottom-up.

1.2.4 Heading focus

A construction project in Amberg TSP Plus 2.0 consists of at least one site with one or severaltube or shaft headings.

Each heading should have a heading axis defined which is the main reference for all axis basedcalculations during construction. Additional project axes are managed in the infrastructure viewof the project and can be used for reporting.

View direction in the graphic parts of design data editors in the application is always in increas-ing heading direction, so that it is always clear how design elements are defined.

1.2.5 Chainage and Heading stationing

The distinction between Chainage and Heading stationing is based on the Infrastructure andConstruction view concept.

Chainage (Infrastructure) Longitudinal value along the axis as defined in the horizon-tal alignment for a tube axis in the Structure part of theproject.

Heading stationing (Construc-tion)

Longitudinal value along the axis as defined in the horizon-tal alignment for a tube heading axis in the Construction partof the project.

The following drawing illustrates the meaning of the two terms:



Figure 4. Chainage and Heading stationing

1.2.6 Heading stationing and 3D Tunnelmeter

The distinction between Heading stationing and 3D Tunnelmeter is based on the vertical andhorizontal alignment of the heading axis. The Heading stationing is calculated on the horizontalalignment of the axis. The 3D Tunnelmeter (TM) is calculated on the vertical alignment andrepresents the real length along the tunnel axis in 3D.

Heading stationing (Construc-tion)

Longitudinal value along the axis as defined in the horizon-tal alignment for a tube heading axis in the Constructionpart of the project.

3D Tunnelmeter (Construc-tion)

Longitudinal value along the axis as defined in the verticalalignment for a tube heading axis in the Construction partof the project.

The following drawing illustrates the meaning of the two terms:



Figure 5. Heading stationing and Tunnelmeter 3D

1.3 Coordinate systems and calculations In Amberg TSP Plus 2.0, two different coordinates systems are used depending on the infor-mation the user has to handle and to edit. Project and campaign axis information (Infrastruc-ture and Construction axes) are present in absolute coordinates. In contrast, all measures ofthe seismic layout information are given in a local coordinates referenced to the tunnel axis(Reference axis). The processing axis coordinates (Seismic axis) is derived from the seismiclayout input and is built up by the software, automatically.

1.3.1 Absolute coordinate system

Describes a right-handed Cartesian coordinate system. A coordinate triple is defined by thefollowing components:

■ Easting (E)■ Northing (N)■ Height (H)



Figure 6. Coordinate system Infrastructure and Construction axes

1.3.2 TSP local coordinate systems

Describes a left-handed Cartesian coordinate system. Two modes of local coordinate systemsare used:

Seismic layout coordinates(Reference axis)

The coordinate system inside a tunnel. All measures forseismic layouts are given in these coordinates referencedto the tunnel axis between defined reference point and facepoint.■ X coordinate (horizontal component following the tunnel

axis) :

The coordinate for seismic (survey) layout inside a tunnelhas its origin at X=0 in a user defined Reference point(REF). The Reference point is the origin, which describesthe start point on the 3D tunnel axis and is necessary forall survey points inside the tunnel, e.g. receivers and shothole positions. The longitudinal extension of the X-axisfollows the tunnel axis and describes the Reference axisinside the tunnel. Each local measurement is referencedto the location along its longitudinal extension and have tobe seen in Campaign context. The longitudinal extensionor Reference axis ends with the tunnel face point.

■ Y coordinate (horizontal component perpendicular to thetunnel axis)

■ Z coordinate (vertical component perpendicular to thetunnel axis)

Processing coordinates (Seis-mic axis)

The coordinate system is used for internal processing cal-culations. Automatic generated coordinate system buildingup 3D processing cuboid. The seismic axis describes thecenter axis of the 3D processing cuboid

The following drawing illustrates the two calculation and the respective coordinate systems:



Figure 7. Coordinate systems for Seismic layout and Processing

1.3.3 TSP layout referencing coordinates

The coordinate system inside a tunnel has its origin in a user defined Reference point (REF).The Reference point is the origin, which is necessary for all survey points inside the tunnel.All local measurements have to be referenced to this point and have to be seen in Campaigncontext. The longitudinal extension of the X-axis towards the tunnel face describes the Refer-ence axis inside the tunnel. Ahead the tunnel face, the longitudinal extension of the +X-axis iscalled Seismic axis. All computed results are interpolated to this axis.

Figure 8. TSP Coordinate system

Coordinates Coordinates system X, Y, Z. Coordinates used in local coordinate sys-tem with Reference point (REF) as origin with

+X axis with origin on tunnel axis pointing towards the face,

+Y axis with origin on tunnel axis pointing to right hand side facing thetunnel face, and

+Z axis with origin on tunnel axis and perpendicular to +X axis pointingupwards.

Reference point (REF) (X=0, Y=0, Z=0) Origin of local coordinate system used for allsurvey points centered on Tunnel axis.

FACE Location of face of excavated tunnel at the moment of a seismic mea-surement.



Reference axis Equivalent to Tunnel axis between Reference point and Face point. +Xaxis given in Local distance or Tunnelmeter.

Tunnel axis Equivalent to +X axis given in Stationing or Tunnelmeter. All seismicinformation of evaluation ahead the face are referenced to this axis.

Seismic axis Straight line or longitudinal extension between Reference and Facepoints. All seismic information of evaluation ahead the face are also ref-erenced to this axis.

Local distance Definition of distances along +X axis from Reference point following thetunnel axis.

Tunnelmeter 3D Definition of distances along +X between Reference and Face pointsreferenced to project Tunnelmeter 3D.

Stationing 2D Definition of distances along +X between Reference and Face pointsreferenced to project Stationing 2D.

Figure 9. Coordinate system in context of Campaign and Project (plan view), reference, tunnel and seismicaxes are shown in red, blue and green, respectively.

All values along the +X-axis, measured in Local distances of local coordinate system,will be used for geometry input. After successful processing the local distances can betransferred into the project's Tunnelmeter.

All values along the X-axis are defined as positive values. Negative values will not besupported by software editors. Please take care, that all measured geometry values inX-direction are defined as values >= REF (x=0).

1.3.4 Bore hole properties

Boreholes are needed to place receiver (receiver holes) or explosive charges (shot holes).The layout and geometrical information have to be measured to obtain reliable results duringprocessing and evaluation.

Receiver holes (left or right) - Boreholes for receiver installation. The receiver is a devicecontaining an ultra high sensitive tri-axial sensor for recording P-wavesand S-waves.

Shot hole line (left or right) - Line of multiple shot holes.Shot hole The shot hole is a single bore hole which can be charged with explosives

to generate seismic waves.



1.3.4.1 Receiver and shot hole

Tunnel wall (left or right) - Location of receiver and shot holes along left or right tunnelwall.

Dist. to REF (distance to reference) - Horizontal distance along side wall from receiveror shot hole to the Reference point (REF). Dist. to REF values have tobe always positive.

Height to REF (height to reference) - Vertical distance from receiver and shot bore holesto the reference point (REF).

Figure 10. Receiver and shot hole properties (longitudinal view)

Depth Depth of tri-axial sensors or explosive charge. The depth values may beless than the drilled bore hole depth for receiver and shot holes dependingon depth accessibility. Depth values are measured always as positivevalues. Amberg TSP Plus software will assign depth values to selectedtunnel wall.

Vertical angle Upward or downward inclination of boreholes. Upward inclination is pos-itive and downward inclination is negative. This convention is valid for leftand right tunnel wall.

Inclination angles range from -90° to +90°.

Figure 11. Vertical angles of boreholes (profile view)



Horizontal angle The angle is defined as the horizontal deviation of boreholes from theperpendicular to the Reference axis in the horizontal plane. If the borehole deviates toward the Face, the angle is positive. In other case, theangle is negative.

Horizontal angles range from -90° to +90°.

In case the horizontal angle can't be taken directly, it can be calculatedfrom measured triangle legs (see Calculated HA).

Figure 12. Horizontal angles of boreholes (plan view)

Calculated HA (calculated horizontal angle) - Alternative method to determine the Hori-zontal angle by measuring triangle legs with a distometer.■ Put a longer stick or bar into the bore hole.■ Place your distometer about 2m in face direction at the bore hole height

level.

Measure the following legs:

- Measured wall leg - Measuring length along the tunnel wall. Distancefrom measuring point to bore hole at tunnel wall of receiver or shot hole.

- Measured drill leg - Measuring length in direction of bore hole extension.Distance from measuring point to bore hole at tunnel wall of receiver orshot hole.

- Measured tip leg - Measuring length between wall leg and drill leg point.



Figure 13. Calculated HA of boreholes (plan view)

Twist angle Angle of rotation around the receiver's longitudinal axis. If the longitudinal axisof the receiver is twisted towards the Face, the twist angle is positive. In theother case it is negative.

Twist angle range from -180° to +180°.

Figure 14. Twist angle of receiver at tunnel wall left and right



1.4 Description of the work space

Figure 15. Work space

Menu bar (1): Start of software the base menus are available. Depending on the opened /selected editor additional menus may appear.

Toolbars (2): Start the software the base toolbars are available. The base toolbar consistsof frequently performed operations such as opening and saving projects, tiling and cascadingwindows, adding and deleting items in currently active editor, zooming and panning. Dependingon the opened / selected editor additional editor specific toolbars may appear.

Project tree window (3): Once a project is opened or created, the project tree window showsthe project structure. All relevant functions to add or remove campaigns to/from the project ordo specific editing and processing in the campaigns can be reached through context menus(right-click on tree node).

Property window (4): The property window shows properties of the currently selected elementin the project tree. Certain properties can be edited after an element has been created andothers are read only.

Seismic view & Editor window (5): The content of seismic views and editors depends on theview or editor type. In case the editor title starts with an asterisk (*) the editor contains unsaveddata. Depending on the viewer type, an additional Option window (8) may appear.

Processing monitor window (6): The processing monitor window shows the data processingflow chart of a currently selected campaign. Every node represents a processing step that canbe individually edited and processed. Results of single processing steps can be displayed inthe Seismic view (5).



Spectrum or Histogram Window (7): The Spectrum window shows the frequency content ofthe corresponding data in the seismic trace view. The Histogram window shows the densityplot of the velocity or reflectivity distribution of the corresponding data in the 3D view.

Option window (8): This window is dependent on the viewer type. View settings can be setindividually to optimize appearance of the viewer content.

1.4.1 Customizing workspace components

Docking windows (all windows besides the Seismic view editor (5)) can be activated and de-activated by invoking corresponding item in View menu or context menu on the right side oftoolbars. They can be closed by window controlling buttons in top-right corner of each dockingwindow as well.

Toolbars can be switched on/off by right-clicking in the base menu bar and selecting menu itemof common actions or editor specific actions.

The status bar can be hidden or restored by selecting View ▶ Status bar menu item.

All docking windows can be rearranged freely by drag and drop operations on their title bar.

1.5 General menu functions After starting up Amberg TSP Plus the following menus are available. Additional menus mayappear depending on currently activated editor or views.

1.5.1 Menu File

New project... Opens the New project wizard which supports the user in creating anew Amberg TSP Plus project.

Open project... Shows a file open dialog to browse for an existing project file and openit. Amberg TSP Plus projects have the file extension *.tsp3prj.

Note that all Amberg TSP Plus project files are directly linked tothe software installation. It is therefore possible to open a projectby double-clicking on the project file in the Windows file explorer.

The project tree state is stored for every project when closing the Am-berg TSP Plus software respectively when opening another project.When opening a project again, the tree state will be the same as whenleaving the project.

Save Saves all modifications of the active editor.Save all Saves all modifications of all editors.Recent projects Shows a list of recently used projects in Amberg TSP Plus. Click on the

displayed file path to open a recent project.Options... Opens the Options dialog.Exit Closes the program. If there is unsaved data the program asks for saving

before closing the program.

1.5.2 Menu View

Project tree Switches on / off the project tree window.Property window Switches on / off the property window.



Processing monitor Switches on / off the processing monitor.Status bar Switches on / off the status bar.

1.5.3 Menu Window

Cascade Cascades all currently opened windows in the working space.Tile horizontally Tiles all currently opened windows horizontally.Tile vertically Tiles all currently opened windows vertically.Close all windows Closes all currently opened windows in the working space.

1.5.4 Menu Help

Help - Amberg TSP Plus Eval-uation, Help - TSP 303 PlusOperation

Opens the Amberg TSP Plus Evaluation and TSP 303 Plusoperation help files.

Licence tool... Opens the licence viewer. In the case dongles are connect-ed, dongle ID and stored licence information are shown. Li-cences upgrades only can be done by exchange of licencefiles between client to vendor (c2v) represented by AmbergTechnologies AG and back from vendor to client (v2c).

Update key from v2c file ...- In case you received licenceupgrade file (v2c) from Amberg Technologies AG updateyour licence by importing the v2c file to the correspondingdongle key. The new licence will be stored on the corre-sponding dongle.

Refresh key data - Refresh the view of dongle key andlicence information.

Create 123456.c2v file... - In case you need to upgradeyour licence, create a c2v file from corresponding donglekey and send the exported file to Amberg Technologies AG.

About Amberg TSP Plus... Shows a dialog with general information about software ver-sion, dongle serial number, licensed modules and softwarecomponents.

1.6 General toolbar The general toolbar allows you to perform actions, which are related to all views and editors

Depending on functionality and context of opened windows, views and editors the tool-bar buttons may be displayed.

Figure 16. General toolbar

Open project opens the project file.

Save the current editor.



Save all unsaved data at once.

Cascade organises windows in cascade pattern.

Tile horizontally tiles opened editors windows horizontally.

Tile vertically tiles opened editors vertically.

Zoom in opened view.

Zoom out opened view.

Zoom all displayed objects.

Top view 3D object (3D views only).

Front view 3D object (3D views only).

Side view 3D object (3D views only).

3D navigation cross on/off (3D views only).

Set camera rotation center for 3D axis (3D views only).

1.7 Program options The Options dialog in the File menu contains the main option sections - General, Preferencesand Units.

1.7.1 General

The language for the user interface and the reporting can be set here. Additionally, set theDXF export unit.

Figure 17. Options dialog - General



User interface & reporting lan-guage

Sets the language which is used for the software user in-terface and the language for all the reports created in Am-berg TSP Plus. The reporting language and user interfacelanguage is always same.

Access to languages may depend on available li-cense.

DXF export unit Sets the unit used for all DXF exports from Amberg AmbergTSP Plus. This setting is also used for DXF imports in casethe DXF file doesn't provide unit information.

1.7.2 Graphics

Grid color settings for 2D- and 3D-views can be set here.

Figure 18. Options dialog - Graphics

1.7.3 Units

Units, formats and number of decimals in table and graphic views for different value types canbe customized here.

Figure 19. Options dialog - Units



Units and formatting for the following categories can be set:

Abs. coordinates Used for all easting, northing and height coordinate triples.Stationing Used for all 2D chainage and 3D heading stationing values along tun-

nel axes.Tunnelmeter Used for stationing in 3D Tunnelmeter.Local distances Used for local coordinate system referenced to the Reference point

REF.Azimuth Used for all azimuth values such as azimuth of horizontal alignment.Angles Used for all measured angles such as vertical, horizontal and twist

angles as well as for processed angles like strike and dip angles.Angles Used for all measured angles such as vertical, horizontal and twist

angles as well as for processed angles like strike and dip angles.Long. slope Used for all longitudinal slope values such as longitudinal slope of ver-

tical alignment.Velocity Used for seismic velocity values.Frequency Used for seismic wave frequency values.Modulus Used for compressive strength, dyn. and stat. Young's modulus, Bulk

modulus and Shear modulus.Density Used for rock densities.Voltage used for all magnitudes of seismic signals.Explosive charge used for all shot hole charge sizes, e.g. for explosive charge sizeTime window used for time values such as time scaling in views and time parameters

for processing .

Import and export of unit options

Unit and format options can be exported to an xml file to share them between workstations.Press the Export... button and export the options file to the specified location. To import optionsagain, press the Import... button and select the options file in the dialog.

1.8 Shortcuts Ctrl + N New Project...Ctrl + O Open project...Ctrl + S Save editorCtrl + C Copy selected input field content to clipboardCtrl + V Paste clipboard content to selected input fieldCtrl + A Select all content of a input field or tableCtrl + ↑ / ↓ Zoom in/out time axisCtrl + ← / → Zoom out/in offset axisCtrl + Scroll mouse wheel Zoom in/out time axisShift + Scroll mouse wheel Zoom in/out offset axisRight mouse button Rectangle zoom in 2D view

Fast zoom in/out in 3D viewLeft mouse button Pan across window in 2D view



Free rotation of 3D objectShift + Left mouse button Pan 3D object across windowMouse wheel button Pan 3D object across windowCtrl + left mouse button Rotation of 3D object around focal point

Select/deselect elements in 2D view of editorsCtrl + right mouse button Fast zoom in/out of 3D objectShift + left mouse button Select elements by rectangle in 2D view of editorsX,Y or Z Select / unselect rotation axis in 3D viewsTAB Navigate forward through input forms and table cellsShift + TAB Navigate backward through input forms and table cells← / → Navigate backward/forward through input forms and table

cells↑ / ↓ Navigate upward/downward through input forms and table

cellsF5 reload editor and opened viewsCtrl + R Refresh global settings in editoreCtrl + + Zoom in in all views simultaneouslyCtrl - - zoom out in all views simultaneouslyn Jump into next FAPb Jump into previous FAPh Center view into FAP in tracew Switch to wired model in 3D views Switch to solid model in 3D viewr Zoom To All in 3D view

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Chapter 2 The TSP ProjectA Project is a folder managing all tunnel related data and files suitable for a tunnel seismicprediction evaluation. For every new tunnel project an own project folder is recommended.

2.1 New Project Select File ▶ New project... from menu bar.

Figure 20. Creating a New project...

A New project wizard opens and will guide you through the necessary steps to create a newproject, please follow the instruction of the wizard to create the new project as follows:

The TSP Project Evaluation Manual


An introduction window welcomes you, clickbutton Next to continue.

In the basic project setting window enter adistinctive name for the TSP project to be cre-ated.

In the customer information window you canenter contact information of the client. Enter-ing the information at this stage is optional.You can also define it after project creation.

Press on the button to navigatethrough the folders in your computer.

Evaluation Manual The TSP Project


Define the path where to save your projectfiles in the file path setting window. By press-

ing the button recently opened folder willopen, you can select the path in your com-puter structure. In case the folder already ex-ist, navigate to this folder otherwise create itif necessary.

It is recommended not to createproject folder on system disk C: orany program folder. Instead, projectrelevant folders should be created ondata disk (if available) with distinctive-ly and short names.

Finish window, press the button Finish in or-der to create the new project. By pressing thebutton Cancel neither the project folder notthe project file will be created.

Once the project has been created, the project will be shown with its selected folder name andthe base structure of the Project tree. The Property Window offers the possibility to renamethe name of project if necessary. Additionally, remarks about the project can be edited.

Figure 21. Property window Project...



2.2 Project conversionSince major changes and improvements have been introduced from version 2.X of the softwareAmberg TSP Plus, processed projects or data acquired using previous versions are not anylonger compatible. Using the project conversion tool, projects coming from version 1.2.X canbe successfully migrated into the new project format. For using this tool select File ▶ Projectconversion...from the menu bar.

Figure 22. Project conversion.

A Project conversion dialog opens, select the source project (project to be converted) by press-ing the button Browse... and navigate to the project folder where the existing TSP project file(.tsp3prj) is located. As Target path, the software will automatically show a same path with thesuffix _2. To start the conversion process finally press the button Migrate.

The target path and folder can be changed as desired by pressing the button Browse.If necessary create a new project folder with a user-defined name.



Figure 23. Project conversion dialog

During the conversion process, project related information as converted is documented in theProgress log window. The conversion progress bar at the bottom indicates the conversionstatus. Once the project has been successfully migrated, the Progress log and the conversionprogress status bar show the status Finished and 100%, respectively. Press the button Exitto leave the Project conversion dialog.

Figure 24. Project conversion dialog after finished migration



2.3 TSP Project tree The Project tree structure and its subtree elements with its wizards and editors reflects the workflow of tunnel seismic predictions within the whole tunnel project. Mainly, the subsequent levelnode need completion of previous level node.

Figure 25. Project tree structure

First level node Project and Property window with project relevant infor-mation.

Second level nodes (projectscope)

An Addresses register for adding and managing severalsender and recipient addresses and select them for printingon reports.

A Rock catalogue editor for definition of project dominantrock groups and rock types in the project is available. Cam-paigns is the register of all performed seismic measure-ment in the project.

A Infrastructure editor to add a new tubes to the project.

A Construction editor to add a new construction site to theproject,

Campaigns is the register of all performed seismic mea-surement in the project.

Third level nodes (campaignscope)

Campaign and Property window with campaign relevantinformation such as Campaign name, Survey date, Face lo-cation, stationing direction and overburden have to be de-fined.

Fourth level nodes (campaignscope)

From the campaign level node, access to all subsequentwork flow steps is given, as there are Acquisition, Shotdata, Geometry and Data processing.

Fifth level nodes (campaignscope)

From the Geometry node there is access to Profiles, Tun-nel model and Receiver / Shot hole lines editors whichallow to image the excavated tunnel and to map the seis-



mic layout. From the Data processing node a processinginstance with its Property window with processing rele-vant information such as processing name and modificationdates is added.

Sixth level nodes (campaignscope)

Access to Survey Setup, Processing Monitor, and Eval-uation set editors were selection of seismic traces, the da-ta processing and data evaluation can be done.

2.4 AddressesIt is possible to create and manage several sender and recipient addresses and select themfor printing on reports.

2.4.1 Add new address

To add a new sender or recipient address to the project, right click on the Addresses node inProject tree and then press Add address... .

Figure 26. Add address dialog

Address name Identification of the address which appears in the Addresses tree node andwhen selecting addresses from a list (e.g. for reporting). Must be unique inthe project.

Address type It can be recipient or sender address. In report settings, address items areselectable depending on the address type as recipient or sender addresses.

Fill in the contact information fields and press the OK button to store the address in the project.

Logo files are not stored in the same directory as the project file, automatically. Whencopying or moving the project to a different place, make sure copy the Logos foldertogether with the other project files.



2.4.2 Edit address

To edit an existing sender or recipient address, right-click on the corresponding subnode underthe Addresses node in the Project tree and then press Edit... .

2.4.3 Delete address

To delete an existing sender or recipient address, right-click on the corresponding subnodeunder the Addresses node in the Project tree and then press Delete.

Edit the contact information in the shown dialog and confirm with pressing the OK button tostore the changes.

To remove a customer logo, press the Trash bin button next to the Logo field, to select adifferent one, select an image file using the Browse button.

2.5 Rock Catalogue Once a new project is created, the Rock Catalogue is available. The rock catalogue is a projectrelated database and contains most dominant rock groups, rock types and their properties. Youcan edit and add rock information.

The Rock Catalogue editor can be opened with a double click on the node or with the contextmenu "Edit rock catalogue".

Figure 27. Rock catalogue editor

Rock Group (1) Choose one of four basic rock groups: Plutonic, Volcanic,Metamorphic and Sedimentary.



Figure 28. Rock groupsRock type (2) In the default Rock catalogue common rock types are spec-

ified for each rock group. New rock types can be added bypressing the "Add type" button. Unwanted rock types canbe remove by the "Remove type" button. Each rock typehas its properties that are editable.

Subgroup (3) Select from the combobox to in which subgroup your rocktype belongs to.

Figure 29. Rock subgroupRock type parameters (4) Definition of additional rock type information (e.g. back-

ground color, description, and compressive strength)Density formulas (5) Formula definition for density calculation from seismic ve-

locities Vp and Vs. Predefined formulas are based on em-pirical databases.

In case own density formulas are available, use the "Add Formula" button to add newformula or the "Remove Formula" to erase one. After adding a new formula give yourformula a name and edit parameters a and b. If your new formula is only based on Vpor Vs, respectively, select the calculation way accordingly.

The Rock group, type and density formulas are finally used in the Evaluation set forRock properties calculation.

Figure 30. Density formulas



2.6 InfrastructureThe Infrastructure part of a project can contain several tubes. These tube axis can be added,changed or deleted in the editor of infrastructure. The Infrastructure editor can be opened witha double click on the node or with the context menu "Edit infrastructure axes".

Infrastructure axes are not mandatory.

2.7 ConstructionThe Construction editor manages all construction sites (tunnel headings) of the project.Toadd a new tunnel heading to the project, click Add construction state... in context menu ofthe Construction node in Project tree. In the shown dialog, type the site name and optionallya comment. The Construction state contains all heading axes at time of data acquisition.Several constructions states can be created, e.g. if design axes changes with ongoing projector new axis within the campaign layout have to defined.

At least one construction state and one construction axis is required.

Evaluation Manual


Chapter 3 Axes definition in TSP This chapter describes how to define axes in Amberg TSP Plus. Axes can be added as designtubes in the Infrastructure editor and/or as tube headings in Construction editor. For bothaxis definition a similar editor is available. For all axes, a horizontal and a vertical alignmentmust be defined.

An axis is a very important element of the project definition. It is strongly recommendedto control each axis after input.

An example of how to input a straight axis in TSP Plus is described in the Appendix A.

Figure 31. Work space of axis editors, similar for infrastructure and construction axes definitions

Axis navigator (1): List of all available axis. Add/delete axis functionality.

Axis editors (2): Horizontal and vertical alignment editors for selected axis.

2D horizontal alignment view (3): View in global coordinates E/N.

2D vertical alignment view (4): View in global coordinates H/Stationing.

3D axis views (5): 3D views in global coordinates E/N/H. Overview of all available axes or 3Ddetail view of selected axis.

Axes definition in TSP Evaluation Manual


3.1 Axis toolbarThe axis toolbar allows you to perform additional actions, which are related to all axis viewsand editors.

Depending on functionality of opened windows, views and editors the toolbar buttonsmay be deactivated or not available.

Figure 32. Axis editor toolbar

Reload content of editor.

Derive alignment from existing axis... .

Copy axis.

Paste copied axis.

Import axis from file (LandXML format).

3.2 Infrastructure axes editor (design tubes)Right-click the Infrastructure node in the project tree opens the Infrastructure axis editor. Con-trary to construction axis, infrastructure axis are optional for processing, therefore refer to thenext chapter (Construction axes) for descriptions of the editor.

Editors of infrastructure and construction axes are similar.

3.2.1 Add / copy axis

Please refer: Section 3.3.2, “Add / copy tube heading axis” on page 48

3.2.2 Horizontal alignment editor

Please refer: Section 3.3.3, “Horizontal alignment editor” on page 48

3.2.3 Vertical alignment editor

Please refer: Section 3.3.4, “Vertical alignment editor” on page 50

3.3 Construction axes editor (tube headings)Construction axes refers to all relevant axes under construction or tube headings at the momentof a TSP measurement. Therefore, construction states are referred to the date when the TSPdata acquisition was performed.

Right-click on the Construction node in the project tree opens the dialog Add constructionstate....

At least one construction axis must be defined for a TSP campaign.

Evaluation Manual Axes definition in TSP


3.3.1 Add construction state

3.3.1.1 Add construction state

To add a new Construction state, right click on the Construction node in Project tree andthen press Add state... .

Figure 33. Add construction state dialog

Name Identification of the state which appears in the construction node and when selectingstates for editing.

Date Default date of creation or date of change. The date describes the construction axisat moment of creation.

This field should correspond to the actual date when the TSP campaign is per-formed.

Fill in the name field and press the OK button to store the state in the project.

To rename the construction state name or modify the date, edit the corresponding values inthe Property window.

To delete a construction state right-click on the state and press Delete button.

3.3.1.2 Copy construction state

Construction states not assigned to a campaign can be modify or delete without restriction.Construction states already assigned to a campaign cannot be edited or deleted. However, Incase that axes updates are necessary, a copy of the existing state will be created automaticallyafter editing. For doing this, open the the editor of the construction state you want to modifywith double click on the corresponding node, add, delete or change heading axes via the Axisnavigator and press the Save button. A warning message will inform you in case the editedstate is connected to a campaign. Press OK button. The edited construction state will be savedas a copy and listed under the construction node.

Figure 34. Copy construction state warning dialog

A campaign based on a selected construction state is unique. Changes of constructionstates will change geometry settings of the campaign and invalidate subsequent pro-cessing.



3.3.2 Add / copy tube heading axis

To add a heading axis, press Add button in the Axis navigator box and edit its name. Toremove an axis from the navigator select an axis and press Delete button.

Figure 35. Add tube heading axis

If any of the parameters violates acceptable values, the conflicting axis is highlighted bya warning triangle with exclamation mark. A tool tip message on the triangle describesthe error.

3.3.2.1 Copy tube heading axis

Select the axis to copy. Open right-click the context menu in the Axis navigator. Select Copyaxis. Open context menu again and select Paste axis. A copy of the original axis is listed nowin the axis navigator. Rename the copied axis.

3.3.3 Horizontal alignment editor

The horizontal alignment of an axis is defined with the horizontal alignment editor.

Figure 36. Horizontal alignment editor



Please make sure that axis length is not smaller then the prediction range. Processingresults are referenced to selected campaign axis. Referencing out of axis range is notavailable.

3.3.3.1 Manual input

1. Select Horizontal alignment editor by click on the tab.2. To insert a new element, click the Add button. New row and graphic representation are

added into the table and 2D graphic view, respectively, and the application focuses on theElement type field in the form.

Please note that many functions can be reached through menu items, toolbar buttonsand context menu (right-click).

3. Select element Type to set type of alignment element and edit its parameters. The followingelement types are supported:■ Straight■ Arc■ Clothoid

Use the TAB key (forward) or Shift+TAB (backwards) to navigate through the form to editvalues.

4. All additional added axis elements will be listed at the end of previous last element in table.5. The Split button enables you to insert a new element between two elements. A new axis

element is inserted in the middle distance.

If any of the parameters violates acceptable values, the conflicting elements are high-lighted by warning triangle with exclamation mark. A tool tip message on the triangledescribes the error.

3.3.3.2 Element types

■ Straight

For a straight line the program requires the input of the Chainage or Heading stationingfor infrastructure and construction axis, respectively, as well as the coordinates (Easting,Northing) of the start and the end point.

■ Arc

As for straight plus the end point and the radius. Please note the rules regarding the signin the definition of the radius:■ If the center of the circle is to the right of the axis, enter the radius as a positive value.■ If the center of the circle is to the left of the axis, enter the radius as a negative value.

■ Clothoid

A clothoid (or spiral) segment is defined by the Easting and Northing of the start and endpoints, by the parameter (generally indicated with a letter A) and the connecting radius. Theparameter describes the relationship between the radius at the end of the clothoid and thelength from the origin of the clothoid.

It can be calculated with the following formula:

A2=R × L



3.3.3.3 Import / export

The following formats are support for importing and exporting of horizontal alignment:

Import ExportLandXML 1.0 and 1.1 (*.XML) LandXML 1.1 (*.XML)

3.3.4 Vertical alignment editor

The vertical alignment of an axis is defined by gradient points with the vertical alignment editor.

Figure 37. Vertical alignment editor

Stationing (or tunnelmeter) start and end values in vertical and horizontal alignmentshave to be similar.


1. Select Vertical alignment editor by click on the tab.2. To insert a new element, click the Add button. New row and graphic representation are

added into the table and 2D view, respectively, and application focuses on the Element typefield in the form.

3. Select element Type to set type of alignment element and edit its parameters. The followingelement types are supported:■ Kink■ Arc■ Parabola




4. All additional added axis elements will be listed at the and of previous last element in table.5. The Split button enables you to insert en new element between two elements. A new axis


A vertical alignment must consists of at least 2 vertex points. Otherwise it is not possibleto save the alignment.


3.3.4.2 Element types

■ Kink

Select this geometry element, if there is an abrupt change in the longitudinal profile. Noround-off radius is applied.

■ Arc and Parabola

A round-off radius can be defined in each tangent intersection point. On the basis of the twotangents, the program calculates the geometry located between the tangents in accordancewith the formula defined by the user. The possible formulas are Arc and Parabola.

There is no need to enter a sign for the radius (depending on the connecting slopes, theprogram calculates the direction of the curve).

If an arc is used, the two connecting tangents are connected with an arc (portion of a circle)with the given radius. If parabola is used, a parabola is put between the tangents. In this casethe indicated value (parameter p) is used, in order to compute the curve.

The following formula is used:

p=L/(Gout- Gin)

with:■ Gout: The slope at the end of the vertical curve, as a decimal fraction (not percent),■ Gin: The slope at the beginning of the vertical curve as a decimal fraction (not percent)■ L: The horizontal distance from the beginning to the end of the vertical curve.

3.3.4.3 Derive element from horizontal alignment

1. Open the context menu with right-click in the Vertical alignment editor. Select Derive fromHorizontal alignment. Stationing elements listed in horizontal alignment will be overtakento the vertical alignment.

2. The new rows and graphic representation are added into the element table and 2D graphicview and application focuses on the element type field in the form.

3. Select element Type to set type of alignment element and edit its parameters. The followingelement types are supported:■ Kink■ Arc■ Parabola




4. All new added elements will be listed at the end of the previous last element in the table.5. The Split button enables you to insert en new element between two elements. A new axis

element is inserted in the with middle distance.

A vertical alignment must consists of at least 2 vertex points. Otherwise it is not possibleto save the alignment.


3.3.4.4 Import / export

The following formats are support for importing and exporting of vertical alignment:

Import ExportLandXML 1.0 and 1.1 (*.XML) LandXML 1.1 (*.XML)

3.3.5 Deriving alignments from an existing axis

Using this dialog, it is possible to derive a construction axis (heading) from an existing Infras-tructure tube axis. The alignments of the derived axis are an identical copy of the original.The heading stationing values for the derived axis can be set by defining the parameters ofthe stationing equation.

The following illustration explains the concept of deriving an alignment from an existing axis:

Figure 38. Derive alignment from existing axis

Note that the derived axis is completely independent from the original. Changes to theoriginal will not affect the derived axis.



3.3.5.1 Derive axis

1. Right-click in the Axis navigator of the selected Construction state you want to derive anexisting axis and where you want to define new heading axis. Select Derive axis from thecontext menu.

2. In the dialog select the Axis to derive the horizontal and vertical alignments from.3. Specify the the increasing stationing direction.4. Optionally define a Chainage value of the existing axis where the Heading stationing of

the derived axis will start.5. Optionally define a Start stationing value of the existing axis for the derived axis.

Figure 39. Derive alignment dialog

Select an existing infrastruc-ture axis

List of all available infrastructure axes. The axis range ofselected axis is indicated.

Specify the increasing sta-tioning range

Defines the stationing direction of the derived axis in sameor opposite direction to the chainage axis.

Stationing direction is always increasing.

Chainage of of an existing in-frastructure axis, where de-rived axis will start

Defines start value of derived axis based on the enteredchainage. Any chainage within available range can be edit-ed.

Information about newly de-rived axis

Defines stationing start value. Resulting axis length and ax-is range is indicated. Any stationing start value within axisrange can be edited.

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Chapter 4 The TSP CampaignThe node Campaign and its sub nodes consisting of wizards and editors do organize the workflow and order of actions of data acquisition, geometry input and data processing includingevaluation.

In case of new data acquisition, firstly a campaign needs to be added to the project. New dataacquisition or additional data acquisitions can be done in all listed campaigns. The Add/Deletecampaign functionalities enable managing data content in the existing project. The Export andImport campaign support the data exchange between construction site and office. It reducescampaign data content to a minimum of necessary information which can be transferred fastand easily. The exported files contain all information for rebuilding and reprocessing origincampaign content.

Figure 40. New campaign....

4.1 Add Campaign...To add a new campaign, right-click on the Campaigns node in the Project tree and selectAdd Campaign from the pop-up menu.

Figure 41. Add campaign....

The TSP Campaign Evaluation Manual


After adding, an "Add campaign..." wizard opens to specify campaign related informationand data.

Figure 42. Add campaign wizard....

All input in the Add campaign wizard should be edited carefully and checked beforepressing OK. All edited values will be used to identify the campaign and settings areused for later processing.

General (1) a. Definition of the campaign's name, date and operator.b. Settings of Reference to face distance, overburden and

stationing mode.Construction state navigator(2)

Selection of construction state.

Campaign axes navigation (3) Selection of campaign axis.3D view (4) Overview of available axis of selected construction state.

Selected campaign axis is highlighted. Interactive cam-paign axis selection is possible

All information edited in the Add campaign wizard are shown in the campaign's Propertywindow. In case of wrong or missing values, the property window allows to edit relevant cellslater on.

Evaluation Manual The TSP Campaign


Figure 43. Campaign Property window...

4.2 Import campaign... Import campaign... allows importing campaigns which have been previously exported usingthe software Amberg TSP Plus into the current opened project tree.

Figure 44. Import campaign....

After selection of a *.zip archive, an "Import wizard" opens showing the Archive and Importinformation as well as project relevant seetings.



Figure 45. Import wizard of new campaign...

Figure 46. Import wizard of existing campaign...

Archive info Listing of campaign name and archived files selected forimport.

Import info Information how the archive files will be imported. In case,the campaign does not exist yet, a "New campaign will becreated. No data will be overwritten!". If a campaign withsame data base already exists, the campaign can be re-placed or the imported campaign can be created as a copy.



Projects relevant settings Colormaps and Rock catalogue can be merged, if not se-lected no merge will be done.

4.3 Delete / ExportThe context menu of a campaign offers a Delete or Export functionality. Open the context menuwith right-mouse click on the campaign.

Delete The option deletes all campaign relevant information and data, including all subtreesnodes with acquisition, geometry, processing and evaluation.

Export All project information and the selected campaign will be exported to a zip-file withminimum data volume which is necessary to rebuild the information after unzip.

Delete functionality will empty all campaign relevant information, data and results fromproject. The loss of data will be accepted by user.

The export functionality can be used for exchange of data between different worksta-tions or for email transfer.

Figure 47. Delete / Export functionality of campaign

4.4 AcquisitionThe Acquisition wizard will guide the user through data recording. The wizard allows the user todefine relevant receiver and shot information on time before or after acquired shot. For detailedinformation refer to the TSP 303 PLUS Operation Manual.

The wizard can be opened with right-click in the context menu of Acquisition ▶ Open... or witha double click on Acquisition node.

Access to acquisition wizard is only possible when the recording unit is connected andswitched on.



Figure 48. Open Acquisition wizard

4.5 Shot dataAfter a successful data acquisition, shot information can be viewed in the raw data editor. TheShot data editor displays all seismic traces recorded at each receiver for each shot In the nextsections, first the description of the Shot data editor, toolbars and related options are presented.

4.5.1 Shot data editor

The Shot data editor can be opened by double click on the Shot data icon from the projecttree. The Shot data editor displays the seismic traces as individual single shots sorted by theshot number.

Figure 49. Shot data editor

Shot data table (1) This table allows Shot No. to Shot hole line No. and Shot holeassignment, organising the shot data and their shot hole loca-tions. Shots which should be kept/not kept for further processingcan be activated/deactivated in Status column. The used Chargesize can be controlled and edited. The recording time of each shot



is listed in the column Time showing the local time of computer.The value of maximum magnitude of a shot is listed in the columnMagn. Further Remarks for each shot can be edited, if additionalinformation are important for processing.

Figure 50. Header of Shot data editor

Shot data view (2) This view shows the raw shot data. The data can be visualized insingle shot view or component view style. The shot view showssingle shot data of all connected receivers and their components(X, Y, Z). It should be used for seismic data control. The componentview shows a gather of all recorded shots per selected component.Selection and seismic display settings are controlled in the windowof seismic view options (3).

Figure 51. Data view of Shot data editor with different axis labelling

Seismic view options (3) Option window with settings for seismic trace displaying.

4.5.1.1 Shot data toolbar

Figure 52. Shot data toolbar

Reload content of current editor

Zoom in/out time axis

Zoom in/out offset axis

Show value function. After activation click on a trace in seismic trace view. At nodeposition trace information of magnitude, time and offset are shown.

Show time range function. After activation click on a trace in seismic trace view. Atime range window shows time range between beginning point and cursor position.



Open Seismic view option window

4.5.1.2 Shot data display options

The shot data display option is assigned to opened shot data windows. The option windowopens automatically by double click on Shot data node.

Object selectorControl of view selection between Shotview and Component view. Componentsselector becomes active, if componentview is selectedTrace styleVariable area shows trace in polarity col-ors (red: positive, blue: negative).

Wiggles shows seismic traces without po-larity coloring.

Show axes activates / deactivates the vi-sualisation of the trace base line.

Trace normalizationTrace normalization normalises eachtrace by its maximum amplitude. Crossnormalization normalises all traces bymaximum amplitude of entire data set. Au-tomatic gain control is a window-length-weighted normalization to let weaker sig-nals receive more gain and stronger sig-nals receiver less or none gain.Amplitude gainGain defines the gain factor of signalamplitude. The visualization of overlap-ping traces can be activated/deactivatedby Clipping.Information



Not available for Shot data view

4.6 Geometry In the Geometry node seismic layout relevant editors will be available for editing Profiles,Tunnel model and Receiver / Shot hole lines. In these editors, campaign specific geometricinformation of the tunnel and the survey points of receivers and shots have to be defined. Theeditors allow to image the tunnel and seismic layout between Reference point (REF) and tunnelface as realistic as possible.

The editors are modular based composed and depend on each other. It is recommended toedit geometry in following steps:

Step 1 Editing of Profile. Main present tunnel profiles between Reference point (REF) andtunnel face can be added here.

Step 2 Editing of Tunnel model. Using previously defined profiles, the tunnel section be-tween Reference point (REF) and the tunnel face is defined here.

Step 3 Editing of Receiver / Shot hole lines. Input of seismic layout (receiver & shot holelocations) has to be defined here. The seismic layout is referenced to the Referencepoint REF.

The editors can be opened with a double click or with context menu of right click.

Any changes of values in the editors will not be saved automatically. Activation is nec-essary by pressing "Save" button.

The quality of data processing results is influenced by defined geometry. It is recom-mended to measure and to control all geometry input values carefully before startingprocessing.

A completed data processing based on a defined geometry set will be invalidated ifgeometry settings are changed later on. Re-processing will become necessary.

Figure 53. Geometry editors

Tunnel and its profile has to be defined before you start to add receivers and shot holes.



4.7 Profiles Single or multiple profiles can be used to model the tunnel situation. If excavation is done withTBM, e.g. only one profile is necessary to model the excavated tunnel diameter. In drill andblast headings, the excavated tunnel profile may vary between Reference point and tunnelface. Examples could be top/bench heading, niches left or right, caverns etc. In such cases,several profiles are necessary to model the tunnel situation.

Reuse of same profile in different campaigns is possible. Copy/paste profiles betweendifferent campaigns is possible.

Figure 54. Profiles editor

Profiles navigator (1) This table lists all campaign relevant profiles. The navigatorallows you to manage, add / delete or change profile shapes.

Profile editor (2) Editor for profile elements.Profile views (3) 2D overview of all available profiles or detail view of selected

profile.

4.7.1 Profiles tool bar

The Profiles tool bar appears with the opened Profile editor.

Figure 55. Profile tool bar

Reload table and view content

Copy selected profile or element

Paste copied profile or element



Inflate / deflate profile

Shift profile horizontal and/or vertical

Mirror current elements

Import profile from *.dxf file

Export profile to *.dxf file

4.7.2 Add profile

In order to add a new profile, press Add button or add from the context menu in the Profilenavigator. Edit a Name representing the profiles appearance. Type in a Comment which mayhelp other users to identify the profile. To remove an profile from profile navigator select theprofile and press Delete button.

Figure 56. Add profile...

Define the profile properties in the editor. Edit a Name representing the profiles appearance.Type in a Comment which may help other users to identify the profile.


1. Select a profile in the profile navigator.2. To insert a new element, click the Add button. New row and graphic representation appears

in the element table and 2D graphic view and application focuses on the Element type fieldin the form.

3. Select element Type to set type of alignment element and edit its parameters. The followingelement types are supported:■ Arc■ Straight


4. All additional added profile elements will be listed at the and of previous last element in table.5. The Split button enables you to insert en new element between two elements. A new profile





4.7.3 Edit profile

To edit a profile shape, select the corresponding profile in the profile navigator.

Figure 57. Profile editor...

Use the Add / Split buttons to add additional polygon elements. Depending on the Elementtype (Straight or Arc) parameters can be selected through the combo box Types menu choice.Note that the start point of the added element is automatically set to the end point of the previouselement. When changing an intermediate element, remember to change the end point of theprevious and start point of the following element. The last column of the table indicates theposition error between previous element end point and following element start point.

The profile defined by elements must consist of a closed polygon.

4.7.4 Import/Export profile

Instead of defining profile elements manually with the above explained mask there is the optionto import already defined profiles in DXF format. In this case, import the *.dxf-file from theprofile menu or use the Import from file icon from the toolbar corresponding button in thetoolbar or from context menu.

After the import the profile can be further edited.

Defined profiles are saved on campaign level, generally. They are not directly availablefor further campaigns directly. Use the Export... / Import... or Copy profile / Pasteprofile function to exchange defined profiles between campaigns.

Try to image tunnel profiles as realistic as possible. Wrong profiling reduces the accu-racy of further seismic waves processing.



4.8 Tunnel model After the required profiles have been defined, the Tunnel model can be created. At first timeopening the tunnel model editor, all axes listed in the construction state selected for the cam-paign are displayed. For each axis within range of the campaign face, tunnel models have to beedited in order to mirror as realistic as possible the excavation state at time of data acquisition.

Figure 58. Tunnel model editor

Navigator (1) This container lists all campaign relevant axes and are over-taken from the assigned construction state. The navigatorallows you to select axis for further editing.

Tunnel section editor (2) Editor for tunnel sections.2D/3D views (3) 3D overview displaying all listed axes. 3D detail and 2D

view for selected axis and of all available profiles or detailview of selected profile.

4.8.1 Tunnel model toolbar

The Tunnel model toolbar appears with the opened Tunnel model editor.

Figure 59. Tunnel model toolbar

Reload table and view content

Stationing mode... setting. Distances in table can be shown in Stationing 2D or Tun-nelmeter 3D.

4.8.2 Add tunnel section

Select an axis in the navigator.



Figure 60. Add tunnel section...

By default, distances are displayed in Tunnelmeter 3D, however, if the face position isgiven in stationing 2D, change the Stationing mode... option to Stationing 2D.

The end point of the last element represents the face location.

The REF point position is calculated automatically from the Face point by the REF toFace distance defined in the Campaign setup.

1. To add a new tunnel section element, press Add button or add from the context menuin the Tunnel section editor. A section element is added with Face point and a defaultdistance of 100m.

2. Assign the Profile start and Profile end by selecting the profile from combo box.


3. All additional added section elements will be added as the last element in table.4. The Split button enables you to insert a new element between two elements.5. Finally, check the face position in the 2D view, if the value correspond to the position at

time of campaign.

In the case that the tunnel comprises different profiles between REF and tunnel face, such asbench/top heading or/and niches, the tunnel model has to be divided into several elements.Tunnel section elements are defined by Tunnelmeter start and Tunnelmeter end (or Station-ing start and Stationing end) and a given profile.

4.9 Receiver / Shot hole line After profiles and tunnel model have been defined, the seismic layout can be edited. The Re-ceivers / Shot hole lines editor consist of three window parts.



Receivers / Shot hole lineseditor (1)

Editor tables of Receivers and Shot hole lines with proper-ties of receivers, shot lines and shot holes.

General view of locations (2) Longitudinal and plan views of Receivers and Shot holelines locations, seismic axis, Reference point (REF), Facelocation and tunnel model. All values are given in Local dis-tances.

Perspective view of locations(3)

Perspective view of Receivers and Shot hole lines loca-tions, seismic axis and tunnel model. All values are given inLocal distances. Coordinate system (X,Y,Z) is indicated.

Receivers / Shot hole lines settings are directly linked to the Acquisition wizard. Alllisted Receivers and Shot hole lines with defined Shot holes are selectable during theacquisition. Vice versa, all Receivers, Shot hole lines and Shot holes which were definedin the Acquisition wizard will be listed in the geometry tables.

Complex tunnel models can be checked in the longitudinal, plan and perspective views.Here in particular, check used Start and End profiles of respective tunnel elements.

Figure 61. Receivers / Shot hole lines editor

4.9.1 Add/remove receiver

Select the Receivers table. By default two receivers (RCV1 and RCV2) are predefined andlisted in left part of table. New receiver can be added by pressing Add Receiver... button. ANew receiver... is listed and can be renamed.

After receiver is added, its Tunnel wall position at left or right tunnel wall has to be defined.

All receivers listed in the table and their tunnel wall location will be available in theAcquisition wizard for receiver selection.

Receiver which are assigned to available shot data cannot be removed.



It is recommended to name receiver with short and clear words and numbers. Thesuggested nomenclature is RCVRF (right front), RCVLF (left front), RCVRR (right rear),RCVLR (left rear), etc.

Not used receivers can be removed from list by pressing Remove receiver button.

Figure 62. Add receiver

4.9.2 Add/remove shot hole line

Select Shot hole lines table. By default one shot hole line (SL1) is predefined and listed in leftpart of table. New shot hole lines can be added by pressing Add shot hole line... button. Ashot hole line will be listed as New shot hole line... . Shot line names are freely editable.

After shot hole line is added the Tunnel wall position at left or right tunnel wall has to bedefined. The shot hole list is empty until new shot holes will be added.

All shot hole lines listed in the table and their tunnel wall location will be available in theAcquisition wizard for shot hole line selection.

Shot hole lines which are assigned to available shot data cannot be removed.

Removing a shot hole line will remove all listed shot holes and properties too.

It is recommended to name shot lines with short and clear words and numbers. Thesuggested nomenclature is SL1, SL2, SL3 ...

Figure 63. Add shot line



4.9.3 Add/remove shot hole

After new shot hole line is created new Shot holes can be added. The shot holes will be listedin the right part of the shot hole line table. New shot holes can be added by pressing Addshot hole... button. A new shot hole will be listed as new shot hole... . The shot hole nameis freely editable.

All shot holes listed in the table will be available in the Acquisition wizard for shot lineselection.

Shot holes which are assigned to available shot data cannot be removed.

It is recommended to name shot holes with short and clear words and numbers. Thesuggested nomenclature is a numbering of shot holes in ascending order in directionfrom reference point to face, e.g. SL1 with shot holes 1-24 and SL2 with shot holes25-49 ...

Figure 64. Add shot hole

4.9.4 Edit receiver and shot hole properties

Properties for the seismic layout have to be edited. Receivers and shot hole lines tables havealmost the same property columns. The receiver's table has additionally the column of Twist.

All measured distances in the tunnel are defined in Local distances according to thelocal coordinate system.

The properties must be checked for correctness. Subsequent editing of the propertiesleads to invalidation of data processing in the processing monitor, if it was done already.Generally, a successful data processing is based on the correct geometry input.

Following properties have to be edited:

Dist. to REF Input of the distance of receiver and shot hole to Referencepoint (REF), X=0.

Depth Input of the depth of sensors or charge depth in shot hole.Depth value is not the drilled hole depth, but location of sen-sor and charge in the bore hole at time of acquisition. Depthvalues are always >0 and independent of tunnel wall side.

Height to REF Input of the height of receiver hole and shot hole locationat tunnel wall. Heights are referenced to defined referenceaxis in local coordinate system.

Twist (only in Receivers table) Input of receiver twist angle measured in tunnel.Measured legs Input of measured legs for calculation of the horizontal an-

gle (Calculated HA).



Calculated HA Indicates the calculated horizontal angle, when previousmeasured leg columns are filled in. The value is only con-sidered, if Horizontal angle is set to n/a.

Horizontal angle Input value of horizontal angle for receiver and shot hole.This value takes precedence over the Calculated HA.

Figure 65. Receiver and shot hole properties

4.9.5 Copy/paste receiver and shot hole properties

The Copy…/Paste… function is enabled for cells except for columns Receiver, Tunnel wall andShot hole. Copy (Ctrl+C) and Paste (Ctrl+V) from/to an MS Excel table sheets is possible forselected columns, rows or data area.

Figure 66. Copy/Paste receiver and shot hole properties



4.10 Data processing After acquisition and geometry input, the processing of data can be started. The sub node ofData Processing allows individual Processing of data. The processing offers three editors forsophisticated data processing.

Survey setup Seismic trace view of rawdata with editor for data quality check. Pres-election of traces to be used for processing is possible.

Processing setup User-leading processing monitor with editors of processing parame-ters. Option of seismic trace views and volume views, respectively ofeach processing step.

Evaluation set Editor for evaluation and interpretation of processing results. Tablewith calculated rock properties based on processing results. Prepara-tion of result report.

Figure 67. Data processing node

4.10.1 Add processing

To add an individual processing, right-click on the Data Processing node in the Project treeand select Add Processing from the context menu.



Figure 68. Add processing....

After adding, a property window appears and an individual processing name can be defined.

Figure 69. Add processing dialog

After processing node was created the subtree structure with Survey setup, Processing setupand Evaluation set is listed.

4.10.2 Survey setup

To open the Survey setup editor double-click on the corresponding node. An editor is openedwith a configuration table. Additionally, a seismic view option window opens. The Survey setupeditor allows detailed data control of raw data sets before starting processing. Only activatedsurvey and shot data are used for processing.



Figure 70. Survey setup editor

Survey selection table (1) List of available surveys and their shot data. All Receiverand shot line combinations are listed in the left part of table.Survey to process selection is made by check box control.The same holds for shot selection for each survey. Disabledshots are shown in grey color.

Figure 71. Survey setup table for preselection of surveys and shot data to be used in processing

Seismic trace view (2) Display of seismic traces depending on selected survey. Ac-tive shots data are colored red/blue and inactive shots are col-ored grey. Upper labeling of horizontal axis shows Shot holeno. while lower shows Shot no. according to ascending offsetfrom left to right..



Figure 72. Seismic trace view of Survey setup editor (greyed trace is notused in processing)

Seismic view options (3) Option window with settings for individual seismic trace dis-play.

Only assigned Shot No. to shot hole No. selected in shot data editor are listed.

4.10.3 Copy processing

Amberg TSP Plus offers the option to copy data processing within a campaign, e.g. an existingdata processing is copied in a new processing node containing all settings, processing param-eter and results. The copied processing can be used trying different parameters without loosingpreviously processed results.



Figure 73. Copy processing....

Copying data processing increases needed memory space on disk. All settings, pro-cessing and evaluation results will be copied.

4.10.4 Delete processing

In case several data proceeding have been created, we recommend to delete all no longerused data processing nodes except of the final result processing.

When deleting a data processing, all its settings, processing parameters and evaluationresults will be deleted irrevocably.

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Evaluation Manual


Chapter 5 Survey and 3D-ProcessingIn the following, the data processing sequence of Amberg TSP Plus is described to gain a basicunderstanding of each step. There are 20 primary steps in the Amberg TSP Plus processing ofseismic data that can only be applied in the sequence from step 1 to step 20. Within the primarysteps several subprocesses are executed where some do require input parameters and somedo not. If parameters cannot be provided, Amberg TSP Plus offers defaults. There are twoclasses of default parameters. The first class of parameters is automatically derived from theacquired data and the related measurement geometry. Since computer based automatic clas-sification and selection rules may not always find optimum parameters, these defaults shouldbe critically reviewed. The second class of default settings are based on the fundamental the-ory of seismic waves and on experiences gained from case studies of survey sites locatedworldwide. Since seismic waves interact locally with the rocks at the given survey site theseglobal processing parameter defaults may neither be optimum. In short: All the default settingsmay give reasonable results in most cases, but for an optimum seismic prediction they mayhave to be modified. A confident and meaningful adjustment of the default parameters relieson a basic understanding of the processes and their physical background; hence this chapteralso contains some background information for each process.

5.1 Processing setupTo open the Processing setup editor double-click on the corresponding node. An editor openswith access to following windows:

Figure 74. Processing setup editor

Processing Monitor (1) The Processing monitor window is a split window showingthe processing pane, including the processing flow with 20processing steps for survey processing and 3D-processing.All surveys selected in Survey setup are listed with process-

Survey and 3D-Processing Evaluation Manual


ing objects for each processing step. Each object has a "setparameters" button for processing parameter access andview button for opening result view if available. The pro-cessing objects are color guided reflecting current status ofprocessing.

Seismic trace view or volumeview (2)

Result view of a finished Survey processing step or resultview of a finished 3D-processing step.

Seismic view options (3) Option window for individual seismic trace view settings.Spectrum or Histogram (4) Depending on opened 2D- or 3D-processing result view, a

Spectrum window or Histogram window appears. Spectrumwindow shows representative average amplitude spectrumof entire data set of each component from start time to dataend of 2D-processing. Histogram window shows graphicalrepresentation of the distribution of data results in 3D-pro-cessing.

.

5.1.1 Processing monitor

Figure 75. Processing monitor...

Evaluation Manual Survey and 3D-Processing


Processing monitor toolbar

Toolbar for rapid access to the more common commands.

View processing flow.

View error messages.

Number of processors (threads) to be used, multiple object processing is pos-sible depending on available CPU's.Run all object processing.

Stop running processing step.

Clean all processing results.

Clean all 3D processing results.

Processing header

Header for identification of currently opened Campaign name and Processing name.

Processing objects

Column with header for identification of prepared surveys and assigned processing objects.

Run single processing step.

Open processing parameter editor for this processing step and survey.

Open seismic trace or volume viewer.

Open seismic trace viewer. Additionally, editors are available in trace view.

Run all processing steps of all surveys until here.

If there is no dongle attached, only view of processing parameters and resultsare possible.

Dongle attached, full functionality.

Red framed, parameter editor opened.

Object selected for processing.



Processing step is running.

Processing step successfully finished.

Processing step stopped due to an error.

Processing parameter editor

Computed parameter is used for processing. Inactivate the check box forparameter editing.Use default value.

Apply for all surveys. Active checkbox and inactive Computed checkbox willapply current parameter for all available survey. In combination with activeComputed check box, the computed values takes precedence over parame-ter edited by user.

5.1.2 Trace view toolbar


Zoom in/out time axis

Zoom in/out offset axis

Show value function. After activation click on a trace in seismic trace view. At nodeposition trace information of magnitude, time and offset are shown.

Show time range function. After activation click on a trace in seismic trace view. Atime range window shows time range between beginning point and cursor position.

Open Seismic view option window

Print graphical report of selected trace view



5.1.3 Trace view options

The Seismic trace view option is assigned to currently opened trace view windows. The optionview opens.

Trace styleVariable area shows trace in polarity col-ors (red: positive, blue: negative).

Wiggles shows seismic traces without po-larity coloring.

Show axis activates / deactivates the vi-sualisation of the trace base line.

Trace normalizationTrace normalization normalises eachtrace by its maximum amplitude. Crossnormalization normalises all traces bymaximum amplitude of entire data set. Au-tomatic gain control is a window-length-weighted normalization to let weaker sig-nals receive more gain and stronger sig-nals receiver less or none gain.Amplitude gainGain defines the gain factor of signalamplitude. The visualization of overlap-ping traces can be activated/deactivatedby Clipping.InformationAdditional trace information is shown ifavailable.Save buttonCurrent display settings will be saved andavailable for all further trace views.

Additionally, zoom in/out scale options are available for Offset and Time in the Trace view.



Offset scale zoom in/outShift + Scroll mouse wheel extends orshortens the offset axis.Time scale zoom in/outCtrl + Scroll mouse wheel extends orshortens the time axis.

5.1.4 Spectrum view

The average amplitude spectrum view displays the frequency content of the seismic traces ateach processing step. The spectra are computed for each component X,Y,Z.

Figure 76. Spectrum window

Spectrum toolbar

Zoom all.

Amplitude spectrum selection for linear or logarith-mic amplitude scaling.Selection of components to display.

As in the Trace view, the zoom in/out scale options are also available for the Spectrumwindow by using hotkeys or the mouse wheel.



5.1.5 Volume view toolbar

Figure 77. Volume view toolbar


Stationing mode of displayed distances

Open / close Histogram window

Open Volumetric view option window

Print current Volumetric view

5.1.6 Volume view options

Tab Rendering GeneralShow/hide 2D views (Longitudinal, Planand Cross section plane) together with 3Dvolume view.3D settingsShow 3D volume in full cuboid or in threesplit planes as Longitudinal, Plan andCross section planes. Activate the surfacerendering option. Enable the 3D croppingfunctionality.

Tab Planes Plane positionsShow/hide single planes in 3D volumeview. Sliders in Plane positions allow to se-lect Longitudinal, Plan and Cross sectionplane of interest in 3D volume view.



Tab Cropping Offset croppingActivate/deactivate cropping in each axe.Select minimum and maximum croppingoffset in the 3D view. It is used only whenEnable cropping in the 3D show volumeoptions of the Rendering tab is activated.

Tab Layers LayersShow/hide layers in 3D view.Shortest signal pathShow/hide Shortest signal path of waverays between shot and receiver point. Op-tion is only available in Offset calculationprocess.ButtonsSelect all and Deselect all buttons for allcheck boxes.

5.1.7 Histogram view

The Histogram is a graphical presentation of data distribution of 3D processing results. His-tograms are available for Velocity and Migration step views. The Histogram window is linkedto the volume view. The volume view appearance can be adjusted by Alpha-channel for trans-parency control and Color maps. A data minimum and maximum range can be defined to fo-cus on most relevant information. The render value used for Surface rendering option in theRendering tab can be here defined.



Figure 78. Histogram window

Histogram toolbar

Move nodes in alpha channel or color map settings.

Insert node in alpha channel or color map settings.

Delete node from alpha channel or color map set-tings.Load user defined alpha channel and color mapsettings.Save user defined alpha channel and color mapsettings.Save as... current alpha channel and color map set-tings.Delete user defined alpha channel and color mapsettings



Histogram settings Histogram view with automaticcolor assignment to data betweenminimum and maximum as givenin the color map settings.

Surface render value used for theSurface rendering option. The se-lected value is shown in the his-togram as a node at the bottom.Alpha channel with nodes for al-pha value settings. Arrow button:Reset Alpha channel to defaultsettings.Color map with nodes for col-or settings. Double-click on nodeopens color selection. Arrow but-ton: Reset color map to default set-tings.Load predefined color map .Click on down pointing arrowshows list of predefined colormaps. Arrow button: Load defaultcolor map.Data range settings of mini-mum and maximum value for col-or range. Buttons: Arrow button:Reset to computed minimum andmaximum value.

5.2 Step 1: Geometry Model

Description

General preparation of 3D-cuboid containing tunnel model and seismic layout. Run only pro-cess.

5.3 Step 2: Offset Calculation

Description

Calculation of survey offsets (receiver to shot line combinations) based on geometry input.Run only process. 3D visualization of ray path for each survey.

5.4 Step 3: Data Preparation

Description

Transformation of seismic raw data into TSP coordinate system. Seismic trace views avail-able.



5.5 Step 4: Data Rotation

Description

Rotation of seismic 3-component data into an rectangular coordinate system using sensor'shorizontal, vertical and twist angles. Seismic view are available.

5.6 Step 5: Data Setup

5.6.1 Data length

Description

Definition of max. data trace length used for data processing. Data can be shortened to anappropriate trace length in time.

The data length will be set for all available surveys. Individual selection in availableis not supported.

Changing data length will invalidate all subsequent processing of all surveys.

Editor

Purpose

Shortening of the data length allows for savings in computation time, memory, and storagespace for all subsequent processing steps.

This window length equals the maximum recording time to pass to all subsequent pro-cessing. Hence, it is not possible to go back to a larger data length in later processingsteps. If you need longer traces, start again with step 5.

Restore defaults

Restores global default parameter = 300ms trace length.Max. value: max. trace length.Min. value: 40 ms.

IndicationThe recorded data length is either 500 ms or 1000 ms. In order to decide about a sufficientdata length use the following rule of thumb which considers the maximum desired investiga-tion range measured from the receiver: data length = range * 2 * 2.5 / Vp, where Vp is theaverage P-wave velocity, 2.5 is a safety factor that takes into account velocity variations andthe slower S-waves, whereas factor 2 accounts two-way travel time.Example: Vp = 5'000m/s, desired range from receiver = 300m -> data length = 300ms.



5.6.2 Zeroing

Description

Zero-out data from trace start to chosen time window equally for all traces.

Editor

Purpose

It may happen from apparatus effects that the seismic trace starts with an artificial sharpspike-like signal of few samples’ length. It is recommended to zero-out these few data sam-ples since the spike-like signal may influence later data-adaptive parameter settings, e.g. inBand-Pass Filter settings which will be obtained from the frequency spectrum.

It is possible to set the zeroing window length as close as possible to the shortest firstarrival time of the direct P-wave. But a relatively high number of zeroed data samplesalters the trace statistics which in turn may cause inappropriate conditions for furtherprocessing steps. Choose just enough samples to zero out the unwanted spike-likesignals if any exist. Zeroing of small data portions will not harm traces without spike-like signals.

Restore defaults

Restores global default parameter = 0.125 ms.

5.6.3 Average Amplitude Spectrum

Description

Compute representative average amplitude spectrum of entire data set (without deselectedshots) of each component from start time (without zeroing time) to data end.

Editor



Purpose

The average amplitude spectrum characterises the main frequency content of the seismictraces. From this spectrum, an appropriate signal frequency range is automatically extractedand taken as default for the subsequent band-pass filter parameter settings.

The spectrum display pops up automatically. If the spectrum window has been closed,open again by click on icon in toolbar.

Restore defaults

Restores global default parameter = zeroing end time

5.6.4 Spectrogram

Description

Elimination of airborne noise in time/frequency range.

Editor

Access in Data Setup view

Purpose

The occurrence of possible airborne noise may contaminate the signal and covers the realseismic information. The airborne noise signals are time dependent in the seismic tracesdue to shot to receiver offset.The time variant highcut filter takes aspect to the time dependent airborne wave using ahighcut filter combined with a time dependent frequency reduction filter curve.Non-time variant noise reduction (Min reject above = Max. reject above) : no time dependentfrequency reduction of airborne noise, only frequency highcut at equivalent Max. reject aboveand Min. reject above value.Time variant noise reduction (Min reject above < Max. reject above): maximum airbornewave reduction in time depending frequency range up to selected Max. reject above andMin. reject above value.



Airborne waves may contaminate the seis-mic data signal. Arrival signals of airbornewaves (FAair) are dependent as wave veloc-ity in air and on offset between shot and re-ceiver being calculated by the equation:

FAair = VelAir / shot offset

with velocity of airborne wave which is

VelAir = 344 m/s at a temperature of 21°C.

Check data for contamination by air-borne waves at travel times accord-ing to above given equation.

Restore defaults

Restores global default parameter = Max. reject above: 5'400 Hz, Min. reject above: 657 Hz.

5.7 Step 6: Time Variant Highcut

5.7.1 Principle of time variant highcut filtering

Principles of the time variant highcut parametersSufficient filtering can be achieved by proper selection of the filter parameters Min. rejectabove < Max. reject above. The Max. reject above value defines the highest frequencyhighcut value in the first time window starting at zero travel time. A predefined reduction filtercurve between Max. reject above and Min. reject above value defines the frequency/timefilter area. Frequencies above the “reject above” curve of the respective time window aresuppressed and frequencies below the corresponding “Accept below” curve are totally kept.The minimum selectable value of Min. reject above relates to the selected Max. reject abovevalue. It can be adjusted by drag the node left or right.



The maximum selectable value is Min. reject above = Max. reject above. The reduction filtercurve will then have filter characteristics equivalent to a band-pass highcut filter. This settingshould be used as bandpass prefiltering and only in case no airborne noise is contaminatingthe rawdata.

Time dependent frequency content

Noise signals may occur at later times in the frequency spectra due to airborne waves orpossible resonance effects. The noise may be significantly visible in the trace view and av-erage amplitude spectra. While the Average amplitude spectra display frequency content ofdata for all traces and within the selected time range, the spectrogram example shows the



time dependent frequency spectrum. The time variant highcut process allows to filter datawith different bandwidth at different time. The aim is to keep real seismic signals and to filtertime dependent unwanted signals.

Data setup view (rawdata)

Time variant highcut view (filtered data)

Airborne noise filter result

Depending on data, best reduction of the airborne noise can be achieved by comparison ofresult views before and after filtering.



5.8 Step 7: Band Pass Filter

Description

Eliminate noise amplitudes outside of signal frequency range.

Editor

Purpose

One step to separate useful signal from unwanted noise by restricting the recordings to thesignal frequencies. Signal frequencies show up in the average amplitude spectrum as thearea where the bulk of seismic amplitudes are concentrated. The four frequency values thathave to be specified approximate the passband trapezoid. Amberg TSP Plus employs aButterworth band-pass filter to replace the trapezoid of the spectrum display by a maximumsmooth window function avoiding any signal distortion. It does not alter the phase spectrum.At the higher end of the pass-band (parameters “Accept below”, “Reject above”) a flatter filterfunction than at the lower end (parameters “Reject below”, “Accept above”) is automaticallyset to support numerical stability.These four frequency values are computed from the data and already set as parameters.You are also able to edit other values here. If you do so and confirm the dialog with SAVE,the pass band trapezoid will change accordingly. Now, the black one represents the activefilter range, whereas the grey one still represents the filter range set by the computed values.



Selected pass band frequencies have a large impact on subsequent processing andthe final result. A broader pass band increases computation time in later processing.The same filter parameters are used for all traces and components. You may check theeffectiveness of the filter by clicking on the seismic result view of following processingsteps.

Computed

Sets the frequency values reject below or reject above that have been computed from thedata and shown in the pass band trapezoid of the spectrum display.

User defined

The parameters of the Band-pass editor are directly connected to the filter results displayedin the Time variant highcut spectrum view. The Reject below and Reject above frequencyvalues can be corrected in the Bandpass editor or by drag-and-drop left or right the yellowboxes in Time variant highcut spectrum view. Inactivate the computed filter settings in Band-pass filter editor or Time variant highcut spectrum view to correct the values manually. Sav-ing the values in the Bandpass filter editor updates the filter trapezoid in the spectrum viewand vice versa.

The maximum selectable Reject above value of Bandpass filter is given by the pre-viously defined Reject above value of Time variant highcut filter.

5.9 Step 8: First Arrival Picking

Description

Determine the travel time of the direct P-wave arrival on each trace.

Editor



Purpose

Direct waves travel along the fastest path available from source to receiver. The travel timeof the direct wave is relevant to Amberg TSP Plus in order to place a short analysis windowaround the first arriving wave shape, to determine the direct wave velocity, and to supportthe shot balancing.

First arrivals (also called first breaks) are automatically detected by an algorithm thatinvestigates the trace statistics within small time windows (of specified length) that movealong the trace in order to detect significant statistical changes. It also measures thesimilarity of neighbouring traces to determine the relative shift of the bulk seismic en-ergies. An internal logic computes then the most likely location of the first break zerocrossing. If in a final quality check picks are classified to be doubtful or inconsistent thealgorithm replaces them by a travel time consistent with the general travel time trend.The automatic picks are displayed with the traces by pressing the seismic view icon ofPick Manager process.

Computed values

Sets the window length according to the frequency values which have been set in the Band-Pass Filter.

5.10 Step 9: Pick ManagerDescription

Correction of computed First arrival picks.

Trace view

Purpose

You can manually correct the computed picks (yellow boxes) by drag-and-drop up or downthe yellow box along the corresponding trace. For accurate picking use the zoom functionto enlarge the seismic scaling.

The trace views of the Pick manager open automatically depending on selected surveysand processors to be used. If only one processor is selected, only one view opens at atime. Changed and unsaved data are denoted in the view header by an asterisk (*). Afteradjustment of first arrivals the changed data need to be saved for further processing.After saving changes next survey view will open in case.



Trace muting should be applied before going on with the processing sequence sincethe application would delete all subsequent processing results.

Trace MutingDue to excavation the stress field of the rock mass is disturbed and lead to a loosing-upzone around the tunnel. The difference between normal and disturbed status decreasesexponentially with radial distance from the tunnel. The affected zone - called ExcavationDisturbed Zone (EDZ) - reaches up to one radius of tunnel at drill&blast excavation and about10% of the radius at TBM excavation. This EDZ can call for anisotropy affecting the wavevelocity in relation to distance from the tunnel. Anisotropy of 10% or more are often beingobserved. An example below illustrates the effect of the EDZ in a drill&blast excavation. Closeto the tunnel wall the velocity is about 4’500 m/s whereas the velocity in the rock mass ofnormal stress is 5’000 m/s. This gradient affects particularly the arrival times from the shotsof shorter offsets. The actual recorded arrival times form a curve instead of a line (green line).This results in a linear regression computation of higher velocity values and an intercept timedeviating from the zero time at zero offset.

In order to get a velocity computation of the direct p-wave that fits better to the normal stressfield, some traces of the near offset range should be muted for the regression calculation.

The ray paths of the direct waves follow thestress gradient within the EDZ. The traveltimes of waves from closer shots are moreaffected than those from distant shots. Thegreen travel time curve indicates the actu-al course due to the EDZ. From shorter tolonger offsets the curve changes smooth-ly from 4’500 to 5’000 m/s. This causes alinear regression line (grey) that does notcross the time axis at zero. An intercept timeof around 0.5 ms is resulting.

Note that trace muting should be applied before going on with the processing se-quence since the application would delete all subsequent processing results.

Trace muting is applied by double mouse click on the yellow box of the trace.The figures below show the effect of trace muting: muting the near offset traces and someshifted traces at intermediate and far offsets causes the regression line crossing the timeaxis (intercept time) almost at zero time. A lower velocity results as a better fit to the normalstress field.



When displaying the trace view of the Pick manager, the following additional functions areavailable in the toolbar as well as in the context menu:

Reset first arrival picks to it original state (all activated).

Load last saved first arrival picks.

Pick navigator back, jumps into the current position of the first arrival pickof previous trace.Pick navigator forward, jumps into the current position of the first arrivalpick of next trace.



First arrival home, center the view upon the last edited first arrival pick.

5.11 Step 10: Pick Processing

Description

Shift whole traces in order to align first arrival picks to a line and adjustment of S-wavearrivals.

Editor

Purpose

On sites with only moderate rock property changes along the shot hole line, the first breaksin a time-offset display describe a line at least to a good approximation which intersects withzero time at zero offset. Major deviations from the travel time line may be due to poor picks orvarying delay times of the used detonators and should be adjusted by this forced alignment.

In order to align, firstly the picked arrival times are least square fitted to a line. Secondly,the complete traces are shifted up or down such that

- their arrival times lie on the fitted line which has been shifted to zero intercept time- Slope & intercept,

- their arrival times lie exactly on the fitted line - Slope,

- their fitted line has zero intercept time, but the picks do not lie on this line - Intercept.

The trace shifts are performed via interpolation and are as accurate as the sampleinterval.

Restore defaults

Slope & Intercept.

5.11.1 Vp/Vs ratio & S-wave arrival

Shear wave first arrival times are needed by Amberg TSP Plus to determine the direct S-wavevelocity and to place a short analysis window around the first arriving S-wave shape for laterQ-estimation. The S-wave arrivals are shown in a solid regression line calculated from theP-wave velocity based on the selected Vp/Vs ratio. The calculated S-wave velocity is shownbeside the blue box at the right end of the line. Very accurate S-wave travel times are notrequired. The exploding source primarily excites P-wave energy but a considerable portionis converted at the tunnel wall into the direct S-wave. Remember that particle movement isperpendicular to the propagation direction for S-waves while it is parallel for P-waves.



In many TSP datasets, surface waves travelling along the tunnel wall are markedly visiblein the traces, these are the so-called Rayleight waves. Raylieght waves travel much slowerthan the P- and the S-waves and are characterised by a low frequency content. Hence,an additional dotted line showing the Vp/Vr ratio is provided as a help for a more properadjustment of the Vp/Vs ratio.

Take the component that shows up the secondary arrivals or surface wave arrivalmost clearly (in most cases the Y- or Z-component).

The Vp/Vs ratio can be adjusted by drag-and-drop up or down the blue box. Depending onthe selected box, during dragging a yellow highlighted box with current Vp/Vs ratio and S-wave velocity or Vp/Vr ration and Rayleight velocity is shown.

5.12 Step 11: Shot Energy Balance

Description

Compensate traces for variable elastic energy release per shot.

Editor

No editor available.

Purpose

The elastic energy released by an explosion may vary depending on type of explosive,charge size, charge geometry, explosion speed and the degree to which the charge actual-ly explodes. But it also depends on rock properties in the immediate neighbourhood of theexplosion, for example the porosity. Variations in elastic energy release render lithology in-terpretation of seismic reflection amplitudes more difficult.Amberg TSP Plus corrects traces for varying shot energy or varying shot coupling. In a firststep the spectral amplitude following the first arrival within a time window of given lengthis computed for each component of the records. The spectral amplitudes can be scaled by



the size of the explosive charge. Next, a linear trend is computed for the spectral amplitudedecrease with offset. A scalar that corrects the spectral amplitude to lie on the fitted trendis then applied to the complete traces.

To produce comparable seismic signals in the first place it is advisable to choose iden-tical explosives, charges, shot hole diameters, and shot hole depths. Shot balancingis most effective if only variations in rock properties near the shot hole has to be com-pensated for. If you have used different charge sizes as entered in Shot data editor, theprogram will automatically compensate for the different charges.

5.13 Step 12: Q-estimation

Description

Determine attenuation parameter Q-factor from direct waves.

Editor

Purpose

While propagating through rock, seismic P-waves and S-waves lose in strength mainly bythree processes: (1) As the wavefront expands, the source energy is distributed on an ex-panding area and the amplitude per unit area decreases linearly with distance and time in ahomogeneous rock. This is the geometrical spreading loss. (2) When rock heterogeneitiesare encountered, portions of the wave energy change propagation direction slightly or theyare reflected. Heterogeneities that are larger than about a tenth of the dominating wavelengthcause reflection loss. Inhomogeneities with dimensions clearly below the seismic wavelengthresult in scattering attenuation. (3) Intrinsic attenuation, also called absorption, converts waveenergy into heat.

For the whole receiver gather a Q-factor from the direct P-wave and of each componentis estimated. From these three values the maximum is selected and shown as Q-factorin the editor of the subsequent step of the corresponding survey. Ideally, the windowaround the first break used for Q-estimation should only contain the primary pulse andthis pulse must not be truncated. If in doubt select the Amberg TSP Plus default.

Computed values

Sets the window length according to the primary pulse values.

5.14 Step 13: Reflected waves extraction

Description

Dip filtering to extract reflected waves and partially reverse wave attenuation.



Editor

Purpose Radon transformAmong the various wave types recorded by the TSP 303 receivers only waves that have beenreflected ahead of the tunnel face and from beside the tunnel carry information about rockheterogeneities ahead and only they should later be imaged. Those reflected waves can beseparated from other wave modes by a dip filter in the offset-time section because in the TSPacquisition geometry, reflected waves from ahead reach the receiver the later the larger thedistance of the shot from the tunnel face. Direct waves have dips with reverse sign becausethey reach the receiver the earlier the smaller the source-receiver offset. Amberg TSP Plusextracts reflected wave dips via an algorithm that transforms the time–space section intofrequency-dip space, zeros unwanted dips, and performs a backward transformation of theremaining dips to the time-space domain. A transformation into dip-space is called a linearRadon transform.

Temporarily Amberg TSP Plus can interpolate extra traces to relax the strict aliasinglimit for the Radon transform. The user may reduce the Min. Move out value, for exampleto focus on reflections that dip only slightly towards the tunnel axis.

Computed values

Sets the Min. Move out according to the frequency values that have been set in the Band-Pass Filter.

Purpose Inverse Q-filtering

Energy loss due to attenuation weakens particularly the high frequencies within the signalpassband. This restricts the seismic resolution, especially at large distances. The estimatedquality factor Q of the rock can partially restore the lost amplitudes by an inverse Q-filter-ing. Amplitudes cannot be restored if the signal has been weakened below the backgroundnoise level. An upper amplitude gain limit (i.e. max Gain= 25 dB) avoids that the backgroundnoise is blown up. Amberg TSP Plus performs the amplitude restoration in the frequencydomain, where the gain function is smoothly tapered down beyond the gain limit for numer-ical reasons. For physical reasons attenuation not only reduces amplitudes but also yieldsdispersion, i.e. frequency dependent propagation velocities. A seismic pulse that enters anattenuating medium broadens during propagation not only due to boosted amplitude loss athigh frequencies but also because its high signal frequency components travel faster thanits low frequency components. That changes the phase relations between frequencies withtime. The estimated Q-factor allows to completely reverse the Q-related pulse dispersion.

Usually amplitude loss and phase distortion should be compensated. Phase compen-sation works on the fly. Even after inverse amplitude compensation seismic amplitudesmay decrease with distance due to the gain limit but also because of reflection loss thatis not accounted for.



Computed values

Sets upper amplitude gain limit (Max. gain) computed by signal/noise ratio.

Q-factors characterise the micro structure of rock and may vary by about two ordersof magnitude from 10 to 500. But typical TSP data reveals Q-factors in the range of20-50. Small Q-factors indicate large attenuation and heterogeneous micro structure.Q-factors vary from rock to rock but also for given rock types dependent on the specificconditions at a particular tunnelling site. The variations from site to site for a particularrock type may often be larger than the variations from rock type to rock type. Neverthe-less, some general rules concerning Q can be formulated: The presence of fractures,micro cracks and other defects in the solid rock material yield an increase of attenua-tion (lower Q-factors). Attenuation decreases with increasing earth pressure, where thepressure dependence is strongest at low pressures, i.e. close to the surface. The atten-uation in brine- or water saturated rocks is higher than for dry or gas saturated rocks.In dry and gas saturated rocks Qp is slightly lower than Qs, in water saturated rock Qpis distinctly higher than Qs (shear waves do not propagate in fluids). Attenuation tendsto increase with porosity.

Computed values

Sets the estimated Q-factor.

5.15 Step 14: P.S. SeparationDescription

Transforms the X-, Y- and Z-component records into P-, SH- and SV-wave components.

Editor

Purpose

Compressional waves (P-waves) and shear waves (S-waves) are characterised by specif-ic particle movements. The longitudinal P-waves force rock particles to move forward andbackward in the propagation direction. S-waves are transversal waves, i.e. particle motion isperpendicular to propagation direction. Shear waves cause an ellipsoidal particle movementwhere the movement along the ellipsoid is retrograde, i.e. counter-clockwise. SV-waves arepolarised such that the motion is in the vertical plane that also contains the direction of wavepropagation. SH-waves are polarised so that the motion is in the horizontal plane that alsocontains the direction of wave propagation. In general, S-waves have SV- and SH-compo-nents. With three component registrations, P-waves, SH-waves and SV-waves can be ob-tained from the X-, Y- and Z-components. Amberg TSP Plus separates the recordings intowave types via rotating the coordinate system as function of recording time.

It is recommended to use the default time window length for rotation angle estimation.If the window is too small the angle may fluctuate strongly from sample to sample dueto random noise components, if it is too large subsequently arriving waves may havetheir incidence angles mixed up. Note that only one wave mode (and incidence angle)



may be computed at a given time. If two waves arrive at the same time from differentdirections the stronger event may dominate the rotation angle computation and theweaker event will be suppressed.

Computed values

Sets the Time window according to the primary pulse value.

5.16 Step 15: PreparationDescription

Concatenation of wave types of available surveys and preparation for 3D-processing. Noview available.

Editor


5.17 Step 16: Velocity AnalysisDescription

Creates a 3D grid model. Velocity analysis comprises three steps. The process prepares aninitial velocity model (1) from the direct wave velocities, computes travel times (2) throughthe model and migrates (3) the seismic data into common illumination distance gathers.Predefined model sizes are selectable. No view available.

Editor

Purpose Model size

Velocity models for compressional waves (P-waves) and shear waves (S-waves) are re-quired in the framework of migration and imaging of seismic reflection data. The velocitymodels are needed to approximately simulate wave propagation from sources and receiversto each potential reflector on the discrete velocity 3D-grid during travel time table computa-tion. This in turn allows a correct moving of reflections that are visible in the time sectionsinto the physical model space. The latter process is called migration because the reflectorelements “migrate” when the time axis is replaced by space. The inverse wave propaga-tion inherent to migration assumes smooth models. Therefore Amberg TSP Plus will alwayscompute smooth velocity models. Amberg TSP Plus uses an iteration to build the optimummacro velocity model. The start model assumes the constant velocity of the direct wave.

Restore defaults

Model size in horizontal and vertical direction : 100 m



Model size in tunneling direction : 200 m

Purpose Velocity analysis

In Amberg TSP Plus velocity analysis procedure migration aims at producing several migra-tion images of each reflector where each image results from illuminating the reflector froma different shot distance. The algorithm outputs migration images for compressional wavesand shear waves which are automatically analysed in the following velocity model updating.

A special feature of the Amberg TSP Plus migration algorithm is the ability to restrict themigration curves of constant travel time to an user selected angle interval around themost likely reflection point that is implicitly given by travel time, velocity, and the angleof incidence. The latter has been computed during the separation into P-waves andS-waves. It is recommended to select rather a large angular smearing (Smearing halfcone angle = 45 DEG) to account for velocity uncertainty and to make velocity analysismore robust.

Restore defaults

Global default parameter: Smearing half cone angle: 45 DEG

5.18 Step 17: Velocity PickDescription

Update 3D velocity model to achieve more consistent migration results for different illumina-tion distances. 3D velocity cuboid views available.

Editor


Purpose

If the velocity model used in travel time computation closely resembles the true rock velocitiesany migrated reflector element appears at the same location independent of illumination dis-tance. If this is not the case the velocity model can be improved. Amberg TSP Plus quantifiesthe mispositioning of migrated reflector elements as function of illumination distance. Fromthe positioning error Amberg TSP Plus derives updated velocity models for P-waves and S-waves which either form the base for the final travel time table computation and migration.

5.19 Step 18: Depth MigrationDescriptionCompute final P-wave and S-wave travel times from the shot and receiver positions to po-tential reflection points in the final 3D velocity model. 3D migration cuboid views available.

Editor



Purpose

The process of migration maps seismic amplitudes that are recorded as function of timeto model space utilising travel times of waves propagating through the velocity model. Thesame algorithm as for velocity analysis is employed but this time only a single migratedsection is computed for each P-waves and S-waves and the ellipsoid-like reflection patternscan be visualised.

In contrast to migration for the purpose of velocity analysis it can now be assumedthat the travel time tables closely resemble true travel times and as a consequence the“smearing” of seismic energy may be reduced. Choose a small angle interval (Smearinghalf cone angle) to drastically improve the spatial resolution of reflectors.

Restore defaults

Global default parameter: Smearing half cone angle: 20 DEG

5.20 Step 19: Event extractionDescription

Extract dominant P-wave and S-wave reflectors from the final migration result using imageprocessing and segmentation. No views available.

Editor

Purpose

The final migration result may show many ellipsoid-like bodies with image amplitudes varyingalong each of the bodies and also between them. For tunnelling, only the most prominentreflection elements are of interest. Therefore, Amberg TSP Plus extracts a user-suppliednumber of most significant P-wave and S-wave reflectors. The algorithm works in two steps:

1. It balances the migrated section to remove general trends in reflection amplitudes (like ageneral decrease with distance due to incomplete inverse Q amplitude compensation).

2. It simplifies the image by omitting insignificant events and groups reflection points to re-flector segments.

Section balancing and segmentation run in iteration. If many reflector elements are re-quested computation time increases. When N Reflectors are requested the N most sig-nificant reflectors are written out. If there are not N reflectors on all the components, theresulting number of reflectors may be less than N. To specify more than about 20 reflec-tor elements may render interpretation too complex. To guide the image segmentationthe upper Coverage quantile % to select reflection coverage for the extraction processcan be specified. If the value is set to 20 percent than this means that coverage mustbe among the upper 20 percent traces have to contribute to the migrated amplitude inthe section (after balancing) in order to be considered for reflector extraction.



Restore defaults

Coverage quantile: 20 %Number of reflectors: 5

5.21 Step 20: Reflector extraction

Description

Concatenation of all extracted elements and positioning with 3D-cuboids. Preparation of ex-tracted reflectors from the migration result and segmentation for Evaluation set.

Editor


Purpose

The event extraction is being applied individually for each wave component (P, SH, SV). Inthis step the program examines all extracted reflector segments in each component to findcorresponding reflector segments at same locations among all wave components. At the endextracted reflector segments are located at or near same locations between the components.Now, reflectors become comparable and are being filtered according to their magnitude.

It computes for each segment parameters like size, spatial orientation or intersection pointwith the tunnel axis. Finally, geometric and rock mechanical parameters each remainingsegments is being computed and forwarded to the evaluation set.

Evaluation Manual


Chapter 6 Result Evaluation6.1 Evaluation set Once at least one survey has been completely processed the Evaluation set can be opened.Open the Evaluation set editor by double-click on the corresponding node in the project tree.An editor opens with access to following view:

Figure 79. Evaluation set editor

Charts (1) Rock property charts of parameters selected via the Options tab.2D/3D views (2) 2D and 3D visualisation of selected parameter. In the 2D tab,

longitudinal and plan view are displayed simultaneously. In the3D tab, a 3D perspective view presents the tunnel environmentand reflectors with color shading in between them based on a

Result Evaluation Evaluation Manual


selected rock property. When using the 2D tab, panes (1) and(2) are linked with each other in a way that zooming and panningwork similarly and option settings are being shared.

Evaluation table (3) List of extracted reflector segments including rock mechanicaland physical parameters and interpretation tools option.

View options (4) Option window for Charts reflector table and 2D and 3D settings.

Once an Evaluation set has been generated after the last 3D-Processing step has beensuccessfully finished, it remains as long as new 3D-processing is finished next time.

6.1.1 Evaluation set toolbar

Figure 80. Evaluation set toolbar

Cuboid management


Stationing mode

Open / close Histogram window

Volumetric view option window

Print current volumetric view

DXF export

6.1.2 Evaluation set view options

Several options are available to visualize evaluation results. Individual chart coloring, axisranges, appearance settings, data presentation can be realized.

Tab Charts Charts heightChanges vertical size of charts in view.Show rock propertiesShow/hide charts in view and in report.Coloring optionsShow/hide coloring charts. Automatic andmanual color range selection for selectedproperty.Axis optionsAutomatic and manual ruler setting of se-lected property. Minimum and maximumaxis value range is editable in Manualmode.Apply ButtonApply button to resume selected settings.

Evaluation Manual Result Evaluation


Tab Reflector filter ReflectorsFilter all: Sets all filter according to appliedfilter settings in table and view.Unfilter all: Removes all applied filter fromtable and view.Visible rows in tableHide filtered reflectors (0): checkbox hidingor showing filtered reflector rows in table.The bracketed number indicates the num-ber of hidden reflectors.Apply:Length: Min. to max. length of reflectors;defaults are the values from the extractedreflectors (= no filter).Center X: Min. to max. center points alongthe tunnel axis (X); defaults are the valuesfrom the extracted reflectors (= no filter).Center Y: Min. to max. center points of lat-eral model extension (Y); defaults are thevalues from the extracted reflectors (= nofilter).Center Z: Min. to max. center points of ver-tical model extension (Z); defaults are thevalues from the extracted reflectors (= nofilter).Wave type magnitude: magnitude filter ofextracted reflector triple (P/SV/SH).- all: show entire reflector triple- largest: show only reflector with largestmagnitude of triple- largest & 2. largest show reflectors withlargest & 2. largest magnitude of triple



Tab Reflector table ReflectorsMute all and Unmute all buttons.Visible rows in tableShow/hide muted reflectors in table and re-port.Visible columns in tableShow/hide visible columns in table and inreport.

Only selected columns are listed inreport table for printing.

It is recommended to reduce se-lected columns to the number ofproperties to be presented.

Tab Rendering GeneralHide/show charts and table panes.2D settingsView: selection between longitudinal orplan 2D view. Reflector color shadingbased on: Selection of color shading in 2D-and 3D-segmentation based on rock prop-erties or rock types. Borders: color shadingbased on reflectors or defined borders.3D settingsView: selection of data for visualisation.Parameter: selection of parameter to visu-alise. Optional 3D volume view options.2D/3D reflector settingsSelection of P/SV/SH-wave events for vi-sualisation in 2D/3D views.3D reflector settingsShow/hide additional reflector features de-pending on selected layers in 3D view.2D reflector settingsShow/hide additional reflector features de-pending on selected layers in 2D view.

View changes by option selec-tions may not be visible due to(de)selected layers in the Layertab.



Tab Planes Plane positionsShow/hide single plane in 3D volume view.Sliders in Plane positions allow to selectLongitudinal, Plan and Cross section planeof interest in 3D volume view.

Tab Cropping Offset CroppingActivate/deactivate cropping in each axe.Select minimum and maximum croppingoffset in the 3D view. It is used only whenEnable cropping in the 3D show volumeoptions of the Rendering tab is activated.

Tab Layers LayersShow/hide layers in 2D and 3D view.ButtonsOption on select / deselect all layers fordisplay.



6.1.3 Charts view

The charts view displays rock physical and mechanical parameters as selected via the tabCharts in the Options window. The charts correspond to the parameter values along the seismicaxis for 2D longitudinal view (Y=0) or 2D plan view (Z=0). The length and color shading of eachsegment is initially defined according to the extracted reflectors. This can be later modified byusing the option mute reflector or reflector filtering.

For each selected parameter an initial Reference value is indicated. This value correspondsto the value behind the first reflector segment within the TSP layout derived from the directwave velocities. The Reference value represents a middle node of a color palette editable inthe Manual mode of the Coloring options. The color palette is generated by selecting colors forthe maximum, minimum and reference value.

Figure 81. Chart pane displaying selected rock mechanical parameters…

6.1.4 2D/3D views

6.1.4.1 Tab 2D/3D Reflector views

In the tab 2D in pane (2), rock mechanical parameters of interest and reflectors/events aredisplayed in longitudinal and plan view. The rock mechanical parameter to be shown can beselected in the tab Rendering of the Options window. In this tab, the Reflector color shading ofa parameter of interest can be set from a combo box (Reflector color shading based on:) in the2D settings. Same reflector color shading as in the Charts is used and both panes are linkedto each other. Rendering options offer the shading based on Rock properties or Rock typesamong other relevant settings. Color shading based Rock types are only available, if they weredefined in the Rock type column of the Reflector table.



Figure 82. Tab 2D displaying longitudinal and plan views in local distance of the selected rock mechanicalparameters (e.g. Young's Modulus)…

In the tab 3D in pane (2), rock mechanical parameters of interest and reflectors/events canbe displayed in 3D volume view. In addition, 3D data coming from the Amberg TSP Plus 3Dprocessing can be also displayed. In order to display the reflector color shading as in the 2Dviews, the option View of the 3D settings (tab Rendering) has to be set as Reflector coloring.The parameter selected in the combo box (Reflector color shading based on:) will be thendisplayed.



Figure 83. Tab 3D displaying the volume view in local distance of the selected rock mechanical parameters(e.g. Young's Modulus)…

Reflector color shading in 2D and 3D view

User can decide, whether color shading of selected rock mechanical parameter is based onreflector borders or on defined borders with geological segmentation. In the following, reflec-tors crossing the 2D longitudinal or plan plane are colored red/blue «in the longitudinal/planview» according to their reflectivity. Reflectors not crossing the 2D longitudinal or plan view(«out of the longitudinal/plan view») are colored dark grey. This nomenclature is also valid forreflector planes, ellipsoids in 3D views. The interpolation of the reflectors extensions on thelongitudinal/plan view is shown as red/blue colored «reflector plane intersection or extensions».Reflector elements as borders are black colored and bolt.

Reflector color shading based on select-ed rock mechanical parameter

Segmentation is color shaded betweeneach reflector element based on the se-lected rock mechanical parameter value.

Defined border color shading based onselected rock mechanical parameter

Segmentation is color shaded betweeneach defined border element based on theselected rock mechanical parameter val-ue.



Defined border color shading based onselected Rock types

Segmentation is colored between each de-fined border element based on assignedRock type.

The information shown in 2D and3D views can be further reduced toonly relevant content. The visual-ization of reflector elements, mutedreflectors or defined borders canbe enabled/disabled in the tab Lay-ers of the option window.

3D view of Defined border color shading based on selected Rock

6.1.4.2 Tab 3D Volume view

Data resulting from the 3D processing can be fully visualised by selecting Volume in the Viewoption of the 3D settings (tab Rendering). The selected parameter in the combo box (Param-eter:) is then displayed. 3D data can be added or remove from the Evaluation set using theCuboid manager. The Cuboid manager window is opened when clicking on the correspondingicon on the Evaluation set toolbar.



Velocity cuboid3D velocity data as estimated in the Veloc-ity pick processing step.Migration cuboid3D migration data as estimated in theDepth migration processing step.Segmentation cuboid3D segmentation data as estimated in theEvent extraction processing step.Other CuboidsAdditional cuboid internally calculatedbased on the 3D velocity data.

Each of this cuboid represent the 3D spatial distribution of the selected parameter as estimatedfrom the seismic modeling and migration steps. In particular, the evaluation of the P- and S-wave velocities and extracted reflectors considering existing knowledge of the local geology ofa given project are of significant importance for a proper interpretation.

In order to keep the project folder size as small as possible, user can deselect cuboiddata not used for the interpretation. Alternatively, the clean 3D Processing in Processingmonitor can be used to delete memory demanding 3D data.

Deselected 3D cuboid data cannot be exported using the export campaign option. Ifthe clean 3D processing has been applied, new 3D processing is necessary to obtainagain all 3D cuboid data.

Tab Rendering offers additional 3D setting options (e.g. surface rendering, cropping,etc) for taking fully advantage of the capabilities of the 3D visualisation tool of the Am-berg TSP plus software.



Figure 84. Tab 3D displaying the Plane views of the P-wave velocity cuboid in local distance…

6.1.5 Reflector table

The lower pane in the Evaluation set contains the extracted reflector table (3).

In addition to the rock properties shown in the charts above, there are more columns availableeither containing information on the reflectors or enabling a characterisation of the reflectorsto be manually carried out by the user. In the following, explanation on additional columns aregiven.

Figure 85. Reflector table...

6.1.5.1 Initial row

The initial row of the table represents the computed values within the seismic layout of theexcavated tunnel.

Initial row These initial row values correspond to thevalues in front of the first reflector segmentand represent the values derived from thedirect waves.

To use the evaluated rock mechanical pa-rameter you have to select the Rock Groupand Rock type of your tunnel site. RockGroup is important only to select the bestempirical relationships between wave ve-locities and density. The computation isdone using the Basic formula defined in theRock catalogue. The density is needed tocompute all elastic parameters except forPoisson's ratio and Vp/Vs ratio. Also the



conversion of dynamic Young's modulus tostatic Young's modulus is based on em-pirical relations. For additional refinementwithin the Rock group, Rock types can beselected in a subsequent column.

6.1.5.2 Column Tunnel axis and Seismic axis intersection

The planes containing extracted reflectors intersect both the tunnel axis and the seismic axis.By default the intersection values shown in the seismic axis intersection column are given inlocal distances whereas the values shown in the tunnel axis intersection column can be shownin Stationing 2D or Tunnelmeter 3D.

Tunnel axis intersection in Stationing 2D Tunnel axis intersection values canbe exchanged between Station-ing 2D and Tunnelmeter 3D us-ing the Stationing mode functionavailable in the context menu.

Unit format settings for Local dis-tance and Stationing appearancecan be changed in File ▶ Op-tions... ▶ Units ▶ Local dis-tances/Tunnelmeter

Tunnel axis intersection in Tunnelmeter3D

Tunnel axis intersection view The orange squares represents theintersections of the planes contain-ing extracted reflectors with thetunnel axis.

Seismic axis intersection view The white squares represents theintersections of the planes contain-ing extracted reflectors with theseismic axis.



6.1.5.3 Column Filtered, No. and Wave type

Checkboxes of column indicate the filtered reflectors. Columns Filtered, No. and Wave typerepresent the reflector triples.

Filtering of reflector triples Each reflector can be selected indi-vidually for manual filtering by acti-vation or inactivation the checkbox.

Up or down sorting of reflectortriples No. can be done by mouseclick on column header.

6.1.5.4 Column Muted

Muting may be relevant in case of high number of extracted reflectors from 3D reflector pro-cessing. The amount of listed reflectors can be reduced by muting. Immediately, after mutingthe Chart and 2D/3D view is updated and the corresponding segments are rejected indicatedby a grayed element and grayed values in the table.

Muting of Reflectors in 2D view The muted reflectors are listed in table andare visible as muted elements (light greyreflector and Reflector pane intersectionline) in 2D and 3D view as default. In casethat muted reflectors should not be pre-sented in reporting choose tab Reflectortable in Option window and select Hidemuted elements. Only unmuted reflectorsand elements remain in table and chartsview.

Use "Hide muted elements" func-tion to reduce table content beforeprinting graphical report.



Muting of Reflectors in 3D view Alternatively, muting can be performed in-teractively using the 3D view. The corre-sponding ellipsoid/ellipsis of the reflector tobe muted can be selected either from thetable or by clicking on the 3D view. The se-lected reflector is highlighted within a pinkcube.

6.1.5.5 Columns Border, Rock groups, Rock types, Density formula

The column Border offers an additional option to focus on geological content and its presen-tation. Generally, extracted reflectors indicate rock mechanical parameter variations, not onlydependent on Rock group or Rock type changes. Geologic discontinuities at lower relevancemay be extracted from seismic data set, but may have no influence on tunneling. With theBorder selection, reflectors can be assigned to a specific Rock type within defined Rock group.The setting of borders shall point out actual relevant events of interest, mainly areas of weak tofractured rock conditions. Between two borders, it is assumed, that rock mass property won'tsignificantly change.

Selection of borders Define relevant borders by setting the bor-der tick. Select the Rock group assignedto the border and the Rock type. If theRock catalogue does not contain the Rocktype you like to select, open the Rock cat-alogue from Project tree and define a newrock type. After saving Rock cataloguechanges, the additional Rock type is avail-able in the drop down selection.

6.1.5.6 Rock mechanical parameter

Amberg TSP Plus computes several rock mechanical parameters using P-wave and S-wavevelocities and additionally via empirical relations in some cases.

In the following, we only consider isotropic rock, in which wave velocities are independent ofpropagation direction. The ratio of P-wave and S-wave velocity and the Poisson's ratio canbe calculated directly from velocity. The Poisson's ratio σ is defined as the ratio of transversestrain to longitudinal strain. It varies between 0 and 0.5. Fluid-saturated rock has σ =0.5 andcompact crystalline rock σ =0.25. Amberg TSP Plus derives rock density ρ (rock mass pervolume) via empirical relationships from P-wave and S-wave velocities. Knowing density then



allows to compute the bulk modulus κ (measures the stress-strain ratio under simple hydrostaticpressure), shear modulus (= tangential force per cross-sectional area normalised by shearstrain) and the dynamic Young’s modulus (also called modulus of elasticity; defined as stress-strain ratio). The Vp/Vs ratio and the Poisson's ratio are dimensionless, density is measured ing/cm3, and the other parameters are calculated in Pascal.

The mentioned elastic parameters measure the dynamic rock properties because they havebeen derived from propagating waves. In civil engineering static rock properties are more im-portant. With additional empirical formulas Amberg TSP Plus also calculates the static Young’smodulus which may be most important for tunnel construction. The empirical relationships aretaken from the geophysical literature. Most of them are based on laboratory measurementstaken at rock samples. For each of the four groups of metamorphic, volcanic, plutonic, andsedimentary rocks different empirical relations are employed.

The rock parameter values should be interpreted with some care since their accuracymay depend not only on possible errors in input velocities but also on empirical relationsthat cannot hold for any particular rock. Users who want to apply their own (empirical)relations to derive elastic parameters or who have access to direct measurements ofelastic properties like density may prefer to export the Amberg TSP Plus velocity valuesfor further processing by copying them to the clipboard and pasting them in anotherapplication. The following simple rules apply to the course of elastic parameters:

■ A major rising in the Vp/Vs ratio or a sudden increase in the Poisson's ratio may oftenbe due to the presence of fluids.

■ If Vp is dropping, it could indicate an increase of joint density or porosity.

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Chapter 7 Result presentation andreport7.1 Report preparation After a successful Amberg TSP Plus seismic data processing and evaluation is done, the usercan present results as tables and graphics.

Figure 86. Report template

Amberg TSP Plus offers a predefined Graphical report template which contains three mainpages:

1. Report of Evaluation set table with preselected column and row content.2. Report of 2D/Charting with longitudinal and plan views and preselected rock mechanical

parameter charts.3. Report of 3D-volume view.

Each page is built up from top to down with

■ header information,■ area of results presentation,■ and footer information.

Before you print the final report, check appearance of your report with the preview func-tion. Press Printing graphical report button in toolbar or right click in Evaluation set win-dow and select Graphical report in context menu. Press OK in opening Report settingwizard and then OK for displaying the Preview window.

7.1.1 Preparation of report header and footer

The header is tiled into three sections:

1. the headline containing the project's name,2. the campaign section containing all relevant campaign data,

Result presentation and report Evaluation Manual


3. the customer section showing the customer's logo and contact details, if they are edited inthe project's Property window.

Figure 87. Report header

Project related information The Name of project is taken from the Project tree. Youcan edit the given name in the property window of the mainproject tree node.

Campaign related information All campaign and processing related information are list-ed here. The campaign header resumes the entries of theproperty window content of the campaign node, like Acqui-sition date, Face and Reference tunnelmeter, Campaignname, heading direction, overburden, processing nameand operator's name. The report date is automatically setas print date.

Customer related information If a Recipient address has be entered, the customer'sinformation, like address and logo, can be displayedhere. You can edit the information in the correspondingcustomer's recipient address in the Addresses node inproject tree.

The footer is reserved for application and user's company information.

Figure 88. Report footer

Software version In the left part of the footer area, the currently installed software versionis listed.

Software owner Software owner information displayed here corresponds to a Senderaddress if defined. You can edit the information in the correspondingSender address in the Addresses node in project tree.

7.1.2 Preparation of result table

Depending on the result content which should be included into the report, the user can selectprinted rows and column. Due to the list and label template restriction of column width, theuser can reduce column content of Evaluation set table to main relevant information. The pre-selection of visible rows and columns should be done in the Evaluation set editor before thegraphical report is printed.

Units formatting Units, formats and number of decimals presented in the ta-ble and graphic views have to be customized via File, Op-tion, Units menu.

Tunnel intersection axis The results can be presented as Stationing 2D or Tunnel-meter 3D. Select preferred stationing in the Stationing modecontext menu in the Evaluation set. Alternatively, you can

Evaluation Manual Result presentation and report


also select the option Seismic axis intersection in the tabReflector table of the Option windows in the Evaluation set.Values of Seismic axis intersection are only available in Lo-cal distances.

Visible table content By default, all columns and rows of the reflector table will beprinted in the report. In the Evaluation set Option window,content can be adjusted by user. Open the tab Reflectortable in the Option window:

Visible rows in table: In case you have muted reflectors inthe table, click the check box Hide muted reflectors. Therows of muted reflectors will not be listed in the table andprinted in the report.

Visible columns in table: Select the columns to show inthe report by checks.

7.1.3 Preparation of charts and 2D view

The charts with rock mechanical properties can be selected independently of result table con-tent. The selected charts will be listed in the upper part of the report page. In the lower part the2D longitudinal and plan views are shown with reflector color shading as previously set.

Charts selection Select preferred charts in the Evaluation set option window,go to tab Charts and set checks of the charts you want toshow in report. You may adjust the Coloring options and/orAxis options of selected charts for proper appearance.

2D view reflector color shad-ing

For presentation of the results in 2D longitudinal and planview one selection for color shading can be done. User canpresent the result based on a rock mechanical parameter oron the defined rock type color shading. Select the preferredcolor shading in the Evaluation set option window, go totab Rendering and select the base for the Reflector colorshading. Additionally, select color shading of each reflectoror of the defined border is possible.

7.1.4 Preparation of 3D view

The 3D window shows already excavated tunnel tubes within the selected seismic model. Thecenter point of the 3D figure corresponds to the tunnel axis selected where the TSP campaignwas actually performed displaying the excavated area from the reference location to the tunnelface with a tunnel profile as you have defined in the Tunnel model. It also shows the correct re-ceiver and shot point locations with their defined azimuth and tilt angles. The selected reflectorsshow a fixed defined size placed around the tunnel axis depending on the processing modelsize. They are bounded by a grey vertical and horizontal grid being defined by zoom position,automatically. Their colour depends on selected color shading as in the 2D window.



3D volume position You need to adjust the camera position in the 3D view of the Eval-uation set. Rotate and zoom the volume into position you want topresent.

7.2 Printing graphical report After the preparation of the report is finished the final print-out can be generated. AmbergTSP Plus offers several print-out formats and export functions. The print process is realized bywizards where the user is able to adjust result print-out appearance.

7.2.1 Report settings wizard

Figure 89. Report settings wizard

Scale and region Figures scale and region to be printed out can be manually or auto-matically selected. The definition of Scale is related to the seismic axisdirection in the local coordinate system and the tunnel model size. Theselected value scales the charts and the longitudinal and vertical axisof the longitudinal and plan 2D views. Default scale is 1:1000. Centerof printed region defines the location of the center point along the X-coordinate or model length (L) and the Y-coordinate or model height(H) in local coordinates. Charts and longitudinal and vertical 2D viewsare symmetrically centered based on the given values. Default valuesare X/L=100 m and Y/H=0 m.

Addresses In this section, corresponding Recipient or customer informationas well as the Sender or TSP user information, such as: companyname, address, logo, etc, can be selected from contact informationpreviously entered via the Addresses node of the project tree. If norecipient address is selected, the report will be printed out without anycustomer information in the report header. In order to display in thefooter the TSP user or owner information using an existing sender ad-dress, the checkbox should be activated, otherwise information of theGeophysics Unit of Amberg Technologies AG will be displayed by de-fault.



7.2.2 Print options wizard

Figure 90. Print options wizard

Print target List of installed printers with selection of printer's setup.Direct to... By default Preview option is set. Press Start button to go to the preview of

report.

Amberg TSP plus offers many output formats in the drop down menu.

7.2.2.1 Printing formats

Amberg TSP plus offers many output formats in the drop down menu Direct to...:

Direct to... drop down menu Printer: Preselection of printer. Report willbe sent directly to printerPreview: A preview window is open allow-ing the user to check the report layout be-fore saving it into a final file.Presentation: Shows the report as aanimated presentation directly upon thescreen, the preview window opens as well.Adobe PDF Format: Create report asPDF file.Image formats: Options to create reportsas Metafile picture, JPEG, and PNG imagefiles.MS Office formats: Create report in Word,EXCEL or PowerPoint files.SVG format: Create report in vector imageformat based on XML.Text formats: RTF, TTF, and plain Textformat export.



7.3 DXF Export Amberg TSP includes a function for exporting extracted reflectors or defined borders in DXFformat (Drawing Interchange Format) for exchanging with AutoCAD. The tunnel model includ-ing positions of the receiver and shot holes, the planes containing each reflector and the inter-section points of the planes with the seismic and the tunnel axes are exported. Mechanicaland physical parameters as presented in the Reflector table as well as project and campaigninformation are also exported. To open the DXF exporting wizard double click on the icon DXFexport on the Evaluation set toolbar .

Figure 91. Visualisation of exported DXF displaying selected reflectors as layers...

Figure 92. Visualisation of exported DXF displaying selected borders (type of rock) as block...

In detail, the following information can be exported as layers into the DXF file:

DXF reflector export Export - Reflector as layer:Each reflector plane and its information isexported individually to a single DXF layer.Export - Property as layer:Each property is exported individually to asingle DXF layer. All reflectors are export-ed into one layer.Export - Reflector as block:



This feature can be used in combinationwith the previous exporting options. Dis-play cutted blocks according to the inter-sections of neighbouring reflectors planes.Coordinate system - Local:Display distances of extracted reflectors inlocal coordinates.Coordinate system - ENH:Display distances of extracted reflectorsin absolutes coordinates (Easting-Nor-thing-Height).

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Appendix A Definition of a straightaxis in Amberg TSP PlusIn some projects, representation of a 3D axis is not mandatory or simply not required. In suchcases, a straight axis either without elevation or absolute coordinates can be defined straight-forward. The next steps will guide you through the simplest way for defining a construction axisrequired for a TSP campaign.

Add construction state

Step 1: Right click on the Construction nodein project tree.

Step 2: Write the name of the constructionstate and select a date.

Add construction axis (heading tube)

Step 3: Add new axis by pressing the addbutton on Axis navigator.

The warning symbol next to the namedisappears automatically after defini-tion of horizontal and vertical align-ments.

Add horizontal alignment

Step 4: Add horizontal alignment by pressingthe add button on the tab Horizontal align-ment.

Change default Stationing end from100m to 300m to ensure enough pre-diction range

The upper pane 2D view now showsthe horizontal alignment in absolutecoordinates.

Add vertical alignment - derive from hori-zontal alignment

Step 5: Derive the vertical alignment direct-ly from the horizontal alignment defined inthe previous step by pressing the Derive fromhorizontal alignment button on the tab Verti-cal alignment.

Definition of a straight axis in AmbergTSP Plus

Evaluation Manual


When using the option derive fromhorizontal alignment, you will be askto confirm deriving (overwriting) thevertical alignment definition, accept tocontinue. A successful finishing mes-sage will then appear.

You can also manually input the ver-tical alignment by pressing the Addbutton.

The lower pane 2D view now showsthe vertical alignment (elevation, e.g.H = 0 m). In addition the tab Detail ofthe 3D view depicts the defined con-struction axis.

Saving the construction axis

Step 6: Control the recently created axis inthe tab Overview of the 3D view and savechanges by pressing the save button in themain toolbar.

Amberg Technologies AGTrockenloostrasse 218105 RegensdorfSwitzerland

Phone: +41 44 870 92 22Mail: [email protected]://www.amberg.ch/at

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Amberg TSP Plus - Amberg Technologies

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