Amber Barnes HallSeptember 13, 2011

Why did people come to the colonies?

1. Financial opportunities

2. Religious expression

3. Fulfill labor needs

#1: Financial OpportunitiesMercantilism

Joint –Stock Company

Roanoke- the “lost” colony

-Sir Walter Raleigh

• 1585-Roanoke

Island-Theories:

*Killed by Native Americans

*Adopted by Native Americans

Virginia Company

“Starving Time”

John Smith

John Rolfe

Pocahontas married John Rolfe in1614. Her father gave them thousands of acres of land as a wedding gift.

John Rolfe cultivated tobacco in Jamestown. This crop saved Jamestown’s economy.

As the popularity of tobacco grew in Europe, the pressure to grow more of it in Jamestown increased. The colonists needed more land which led to conflict with the Natives.

60% of settlers were indentured servants Headright system brought people to the

colony.› Promised them 50 acres for buying a share

in the company A Dutch ship brought the first Africans to

the Virginia in 1619. House of Burgesses was the first

representative assembly (1619).

#2: Religious Expression

Pilgrims

Mayflower

Mayflower Compact

½ died

William Bradford

Squanto

Massachusetts Bay Puritans John

Winthrop 1630 Strict

lifestyles› “Holy Watching”

› Punished dissenters

For we must consider that we shall be a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us…

Winthrop’s sermon aboard the Arbella, 1630

Lord Baltimore

1634

Haven for Catholics

Act of Toleration (1649)

Settlers in Maryland often purchased their land from the local Natives. For this reason, the two groups had few problems with one another.

Anti-war/passive Don’t participate in politics Everyone has an “inner-light” Simple life

Given to William Penn as one of the largest land grants in history

“Penn’s Woods” Allowed many religions Delaware was added to Penn’s

holdings in1682

By: Benjamin West

#3: Fulfill labor needs

Indentured Servants› Agreed to work for around

seven years in exchange for passage to the new world.

› Treated poorly› Many never gained freedom

Overworked Died from illness

Slaves› Arrived in1619

courtesy of the Dutch› From West Africa› Provided a lifetime of

labor› Colonists depended

on their farming skills

Indentured Servants

• Poor conditions in Europe•Many Indentures came from Germany, Ireland, or Scotland •Some orphans or children of poor families were indentured until adulthood•Requirements varied by contract•Many died before getting their freedom

“Middle Passage”

Europe

Americas Africa

Triangular

Trade

• Slave Auctions•Runaway Slave Acts•Slave life

•Field workers•House servants

•Resistance to slavery

Slaves Indentured Servants

Slavery vs. Indentured Servitude

Native Americans Europeans

attempted to enslave Native Americans first.› Sickness,

Exhaustion, etc. Natives played a

major role in European colonization.› Examples:

Powhatan Squanto

Conflicts between Natives and colonists› Land ownership› Religion› Gender roles

Pequot War› Two traders were

killed in Pequot territory in 1636. Colonists

retaliated = war Other Natives joined in

the fight on the side of the colonists.

The army set fire to a Pequot fort which forced the natives to come out and surrender.› Colonists opened fire

and killed 400.

King Philip’s War› In 1675, the Plymouth

Colony arrested, tried, and executed three Wampanoag warriors for murder.

› Wampanoag warriors attacked a colonial town in retaliation.

› King Philip, led the Wampanoag until he was killed in 1676.

Settlers won the war by 1678 and now had total control of the New England area.