Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Male Names

Amarigna and Tigrigna Qal Roots of Male Names

Legesse Allyn

AncientGebts.org Press http://www.ancientgebts.org

http://books.ancientgebts.org

The Ethiopian Culture of Ancient Egypt: Food, Markets, Temples, Religion and Social Culture

3

AncientGebts.org Press http://books.ancientgebts.org © Copyright 2016 Legesse Allyn ISBN-13: 978-1533325082 ISBN-10: 1533325081 First AncientGebts.org trade paperback edition May 2016 All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. For information, write to AncientGebts.org Press, [email protected] Amarigna and Tigrigna word matching by Legesse Allyn © Copyright 2016 Legesse Allyn Scans from the Dover Publications editions of “The Rosetta Stone” and “An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary,” by E.A. Wallis Budge, reprinted by permission of Dover Publications, NY The Dover Publications editions of “The Rosetta Stone” and “An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary” by E. A. Wallis Budge are available in bookstores and online at http://store.doverpublications.com Etymologies from Online Etymology Dictioinary reprinted by permission of Douglas Harper. For more information, etymology footnotes, and other details, please visit http://www.etymonline.com Special thanks to: Ramya Karlapudi in New Delhi, India Aradom Tassew in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Memhr.org Online Tigrigna Dictionary, located at http://memhr.org/dic AmharicDictionary.com from SelamSoft, Inc., located at http://www.amharicdictionary.com Cover image:

The Ethiopian Culture of Ancient Egypt: Food, Markets, Temples, Religion and Social Culture

5


1

Introduction From an European perspective, "What's in a name?" questions Juliet in "Romeo and Juliet," one of the many memorable plays written by Shakespeare. Indeed most of us would say, "Everything!" Because, we attach almost everything to it, from our achievements to our legacy. Most of the cultures would reiterate, name is all we leave behind in our wake! This book provides the roots of those names which we hold so close to our heart. Never would have the character, Juliet, imagined that the African words are behind European names! Over a period of time, meanings of most of the names have been lost or are known only in the academic circles. Names have become mere words associated with persons or beings. People often look to mythological sources for inspiring names. But they too, have roots which tell us what the name originally meant. Knowing the real meaning and antiquity of their names is a source of pride to many. With the discovery of Rosetta stone, in modern times we have been able to decipher the language of Ancient Egyptians, which was presumed long dead by Egyptologists. However, as Legesse Allyn has shown, the language has lived on intact outside of Egypt, among the people who inhabited the very lands that gave birth to the Egyptian civilization, the lands which are now known as Ethiopia and Eritrea. The hieroglyphic languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna are still widely used and spoken in Ethiopia and Eritrea today. It is an accepted fact that 60% of English words have roots in Latin and Greek. However, the roots of Latin and Greek words, along with those of most other languages in the world, can be traced to the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic language and the Ethiopian/Eritrean Amarigna and Tigrigna languages. Like all of Legesse Allyn's "Roots of" books, this book depends heavily upon standard etymologies of words and names as listed in Doug Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary (www.etymonline.com) Etymologies can be simply defined as history of words, but Etymonline.com describes it best, "Etymologies are not definitions; they're explanations of what our words meant 600 or 2,000 years ago. Think of it as looking at pictures of your friends' parents when they were your age... These are histories of words only, not things or ideas. The modern word for something might have replaced old, forgotten words for the same object or concept... " This book is a work in progress. It has endeavored to cover many of the popular male names in the West, but with so many Western names it is by no means complete. With so many languages and myriad ways of pronunciation, it is anybody's guess as to what it takes to accomplish a task such as this. A book of this nature requires in-depth understanding of evolution of changes in sound between languages. Care and effort have been taken to ensure that this book is not too technical in terms of detail of information. The book makes a case for a light reading and at the same time can be of use for a serious academic exercise, too. Related words have been taken from a wide variety of family languages. And two hieroglyphs representing each root word have been included, so that you can write your name in hieroglyphs with real words found in ancient Egyptian artifacts, in tombs and on monuments up to 5100 years ago. I sincerely hope that this book aids you in your pursuit of knowledge. Thank you!

Ramya Karlapudi, New Delhi, India


2

POPULAR MALE NAMES


3

ORIGINATED AS:

aleqa (Aለቃ) boss, supervisor, chief (n.) (Amarigna) +

wend (ወንድ) man, male (n.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Alexander”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: alke - "protection, help, strength, power, courage" (see below) + andros - "man" Alexander masc. proper name, from Latin, from Greek Alexandros "defender of men," from alexein "to ward off,keep off, turn (something) away, defend, protect" + aner (genitive andros) "man" (see anthropo-). Thefirst element is related to Greek alke "protection, help, strength, power, courage," alkimos "strong;"cognate with Sanskrit raksati "protects," Old English ealgian "to defend." As a kind of cocktail, it isattested from 1930.

The actual hieroglyph of Alexander I


4

“Andrew”

ORIGINATED AS:


Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: andros - "man" (see below) Andrew masc. proper name, from Old French Andreu (Modern French André), from Latin Andreas, from GreekAndreas, from andreios "manly," from aner (genitive andros) "man" (see anthropo-). Andrew Millar(1590s) for some forgotten reason became English naval slang for "government authority," andespecially "the Royal Navy." St. Andrew (feast day Nov. 30) has long been regarded as patron saint ofScotland. The Andrew's cross (c.1400) supposedly resembles the one St. Andrew was crucified on. anthropo- before a vowel, anthrop-, word-forming element meaning "pertaining to man or human beings," fromcomb. form of Greek anthropos "man, human being" (sometimes also including women) from Atticandra (genitive andros), from Greek aner "man" (as opposed to a woman, a god, or a boy), from PIE*ner- (2) "man," also "vigorous, vital, strong" (cognates: Sanskrit nar-, Armenian ayr, Welsh ner). Anthropos sometimes is explained as a compound of aner and ops (genitive opos) "eye, face;" so literally"he who has the face of a man." The change of -d- to -this difficult to explain; perhaps it is from somelost dialectal variant, or the mistaken belief that there was an aspiration sign over the vowel in the secondelement (as though *-dhropo-), which mistake might have come about by influence of common verbssuch as horao "to see."


5

ORIGINATED AS:


Also related to:

“Anthony”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Anthony anth - "man" (see below) masc. proper name, from Latin Antonius, name of a Roman gens (with excrescent -h- probably suggestedby many Greek loan words beginning anth-, such as anthros "flower," anthropos "man"); St. Anthony(4c.), Egyptian hermit, patron saint of swineherds, to whom one of each litter was usually vowed, henceAnthony for "smallest pig of the litter (1660s; in condensed form tantony pig from 1590s). St. Anthony'sFire (1520s), popular name for erysipelas, is said to be so called from the tradition that those who soughthis intercession recovered from that distemper during a fatal epidemic in 1089.


6

“Arthur”

ORIGINATED AS:

arawit (Aራዊት) wild animals (n.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Arthurus/Arturus - " bear " (see below) Arthur masc. proper name, from Medieval Latin Arthurus/Arturus, from Welsh arth "bear," cognate with Greekarktos, Latin ursus (see Arctic).


7

ORIGINATED AS:

akora (Aኮራ) make proud (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Asher”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Asher zingen/sengwh (see below) masc. proper name, biblical son of Jacob (also the name of a tribe descended from him), from Hebrew,literally "happy."


8

“Augustus”

ORIGINATED AS:

akele (Aከለ) increase (v-perf.) (Amarigna) agola (Aጎላ) emphasize, make clear, magnify (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: augur - "increase" (see below) Augustus masc. proper name, from Latin augustus "venerable" (see august). The name originally was a cognomenapplied to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus as emperor, with a sense something like "his majesty." august (adj.) 1660s, from Latin augustus "venerable, majestic, magnificent, noble," probably originally "consecratedby the augurs, with favorable auguries" (see augur (n.)); or else "that which is increased" (see augment). augur (n.) 1540s, from Latin augur, a religious official in ancient Rome who foretold events by interpreting omens,perhaps originally meaning "an increase in crops enacted in ritual," in which case it probably is from OldLatin *augos (genitive *augeris) "increase," and is related to augere "increase" (see augment). The morepopular theory is that it is from Latin avis "bird," because the flights, singing, and feeding of birds, alongwith entrails from bird sacrifices, were important objects of divination (compare auspicious). In that case,the second element would be from garrire "to talk." augment (v.) c. 1400, from Old French augmenter "increase, enhance" (14c.), from Late Latin augmentare "toincrease," from Latin augmentum "an increase," from augere "to increase, make big, enlarge, enrich,"from PIE root *aug- (1) "to increase" (cognates: Sanskrit ojas- "strength;" Lithuanian augu "to grow,"aukstas "high, of superior rank;" Greek auxo "increase," auxein "to increase;" Gothic aukan "to grow,increase;" Old English eacien "to increase"). Related: Augmented; augmenting. As a noun from early15c


9

ORIGINATED AS:

akele (Aከለ) add, increase (v-perf.) (Amarigna) agola (Aጎላ) emphasize, make clear, magnify (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Austin”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: augere "to increase" (see below) Austin surname (also Austen) and masc. proper name, from Old French Aousten, an abbreviated form of LatinAugustine. Augustine (adj.) c. 1400 in reference to members of the religious order named for St. Augustine the Great (354-430),bishop of Hippo. The name is Latin Augustinus, from augustus "venerable, majestic, magnificent, noble"(see august (adj.)) + name-forming inus (see -ine (1)). augur (n.) 1540s, from Latin augur, a religious official in ancient Rome who foretold events by interpreting omens,perhaps originally meaning "an increase in crops enacted in ritual," in which case it probably is from OldLatin *augos (genitive *augeris) "increase," and is related to augere "increase" (see augment). The morepopular theory is that it is from Latin avis "bird," because the flights, singing, and feeding of birds, alongwith entrails from bird sacrifices, were important objects of divination (compare auspicious). In that case,the second element would be from garrire "to talk." augment (v.) c. 1400, from Old French augmenter "increase, enhance" (14c.), from Late Latin augmentare "toincrease," from Latin augmentum "an increase," from augere "to increase, make big, enlarge, enrich,"from PIE root *aug- (1) "to increase" (cognates: Sanskrit ojas- "strength;" Lithuanian augu "to grow,"aukstas "high, of superior rank;" Greek auxo "increase," auxein "to increase;" Gothic aukan "to grow,increase;" Old English eacien "to increase"). Related: Augmented; augmenting. As a noun from early15c.


10

“Benjamin”

ORIGINATED AS:

beyany (በያኝ) decision maker (n.) (Amarigna) +

yeman (የማን) right (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: "son of" (see below) + yamin "right hand" (see below) Benjamin masc. proper name, in Old Testament, Jacob's youngest son (Gen. xxxv:18), from Hebrew Binyamin,literally "son of the south," though interpreted in Genesis as "son of the right hand," from ben "son of" +yamin "right hand," also "south" (in an East-oriented culture). Compare Arabic cognate yaman "righthand, right side, south;" yamana "he was happy," literally "he turned to the right." The right was regardedas auspicious (see left and dexterity). Also see Yemen, southpaw, and compare deasil "rightwise, turnedtoward the right," from Gaelic deiseil "toward the south; toward the right," from deas "right, right-hand;south." Also compare Sanskrit dakshina "right; south." Slang meaning "money" (by 1999) is fromportrait of Benjamin Franklin on U.S. $100 bill.


11

ORIGINATED AS:

kelbi (ከልቢ) dog (noun) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Caleb”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: kelebh - "dog" (see below) Caleb masc. proper name, in the Bible, one of the 12 men sent by Moses to reconnoiter Canaan, from HebrewKalebh, literally "dog-like," from kelebh "dog."


12

“Carter”

ORIGINATED AS:

qaraeza (ቃሬዛ) stretcher, bier (n.) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: krezzo - "basket" (see below) carter (n.) "cart-driver," late 12c., from Anglo-French careter, and in part an agent noun from cart (v.). cart (v.) "to carry in a cart," late 14c., from cart (n.). Related: Carted; carting. cart (n.) c.1200, from Old Norse kartr or a similar Scandinavian source, akin to and replacing Old English cræt"cart, wagon, chariot," perhaps originally "body of a cart made of wickerwork, hamper" and related toMiddle Dutch cratte "woven mat, hamper," Dutch krat "basket," Old English cradol (see cradle (n.)). Toput the cart before the horse in a figurative sense is from 1510s in those words; the image in other wordsdates to mid-14c. cradle (n.) "baby's bed," c.1200, cradel, from Old English cradol "little bed, cot," from Proto-Germanic *kradulas"basket" (cognates: Old High German kratto, krezzo "basket," German Krätze "basket carried on theback"). From late 14c. as "device for holding or hoisting." Cat's cradle is so called from 1768. Cradle-snatching "amorous pursuit of younger person" is from 1906.


13

ORIGINATED AS:

asawere (Aሳወረ) blind (v-perf.) (Amarigna) swur (ስዉር) obscure, invisible, hidden, clandestine (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Cecil”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: caecus - "blind" (see below) Cecil masc. proper name, from Latin Caecilius (fem. Caecilia), name of a Roman gens, from caecus "blind."


14

“Charlie”

ORIGINATED AS:

hara (ሓራ) free (adj.) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: karl - "freeman" (see below) Charlie masc. proper name, familiar form of Charles (also see -y (3)); Charles masc. proper name, from French Charles, from Medieval Latin Carolus, from Middle High German Karl,literally "man, husband" (see carl). carl (n.) c.1300, "bondsman; common man, man of low birth," from Old Norse karl "man, male, freeman," fromProto-Germanic *karlon-, the same root that produced Old English ceorl "man of low degree" (seechurl). churl (n.) Old English ceorl "peasant, freeman, man without rank," from Proto-Germanic *kerlaz, *karlaz(cognates: Old Frisian zerl "man, fellow," Middle Low German kerle, Dutch kerel "freeman of lowdegree," German Kerl "man, husband," Old Norse karl "old man, man").


15

ORIGINATED AS:

quraTS' (ቁራጽ) piece, bit, part (noun) (Tigrigna)

“Christian”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: kharis - "favor, grace" (see Eucharist below) “Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it,and said, "This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me" Christian (n., adj.) 16c., forms replacing earlier Christen, from Old English cristen (noun and adjective), from a WestGermanic borrowing of Church Latin christianus, from Ecclesiastical Greek christianos, from Christos(see Christ). Christ (n.) title given to Jesus of Nazareth, Old English crist (by 830, perhaps 675), from Latin Christus, from Greekkhristos "the anointed" (translation of Hebrew mashiah; see messiah), noun use of verbal adjective ofkhriein "to rub, anoint" (see chrism). The Latin term drove out Old English Hæland "healer, savior," asthe preferred descriptive term for Jesus. Eucharist (n.) "sacrament of the Lord's Supper, the Communion," mid-14c., from Old French eucariste, from Late Latineucharistia, from Greek eukharistia "thanksgiving, gratitude," later "the Lord's Supper," from eukharistos"grateful," from eu "well" (see eu-) + stem of kharizesthai "show favor," from kharis "favor, grace," fromPIE root *gher- (5) "to like, want" (see hortatory). Eukharisteo is the usual verb for "to thank, to bethankful" in the Septuagint and Greek New Testament. Related: Eucharistic. Eucharist The Greek noun ε�χαριστία (eucharistia), meaning "thanksgiving", is not used in the New Testament asa name for the rite; however, the related verb is found in New Testament accounts of the Last Supper,including the earliest such account: "For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that theLord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, andsaid, "This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me". (1 Corinthians 11:23-24) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucharist


16

“Claude”

ORIGINATED AS:

aqoreT'e (Aቆረጠ) stop (v-perf.) (Amarigna) aqwareT'e (Aቋረጠ) cut off, take a shortcut, butt in (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: keld - "cut off" (see below) Claude masc. proper name, from French form of Claudius. Claudius masc. proper name, from the name of two Roman gentes, perhaps related to claudus "lame," which is ofunknown origin. Related: Claudian. Strong's Greek Lexicon Search Results #5560. cholos kho-los' apparently a primary word; "halt", i.e. limping:--cripple, halt, lame. http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=greeklexicon&isindex=lame halt (adj.) "lame," in Old English lemphalt "limping," from Proto-Germanic *haltaz (cognates: Old Saxon, OldFrisian halt, Old Norse haltr, Old High German halz, Gothic halts "lame"), from PIE *keld-, from root*kel- "to strike, cut," with derivatives meaning "something broken or cut off" (cognates: Russian koldyka"lame," Greek kolobos "broken, curtailed"). The noun meaning "one who limps; the lame collectively" isfrom c. 1200.


17

ORIGINATED AS:

word

Also related to:

“Claudius”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: keld - "cut off" (see below) Claudius masc. proper name, from the name of two Roman gentes, perhaps related to claudus "lame," which is ofunknown origin. Related: Claudian. Strong's Greek Lexicon Search Results #5560. cholos kho-los' apparently a primary word; "halt", i.e. limping:--cripple, halt, lame. http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=greeklexicon&isindex=lame halt (adj.) "lame," in Old English lemphalt "limping," from Proto-Germanic *haltaz (cognates: Old Saxon, OldFrisian halt, Old Norse haltr, Old High German halz, Gothic halts "lame"), from PIE *keld-, from root*kel- "to strike, cut," with derivatives meaning "something broken or cut off" (cognates: Russian koldyka"lame," Greek kolobos "broken, curtailed"). The noun meaning "one who limps; the lame collectively" isfrom c. 1200.


18

“Clyde”

ORIGINATED AS:

CH'lT' alä (ጭልጥ Aለ) disappear (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: kleue - "to wash, clean" (see below) Clyde masc. proper name, from the family name, from the region of the Clyde River in Scotland (seeClydesdale). Most popular in U.S. for boys c. 1890-1910, falling off rapidly thereafter, hence probablyits use in 1940s teenager slang for "a square, one not versed in popular music or culture." Clydesdale "breed of heavy draught horses," 1786, so called because they were bred in the valley of the Clyde inScotland. The river name is perhaps literally "cleansing," from a Celtic root akin to Latin cloaca (seecloaca). cloaca (n.) Look up cloaca at Dictionary.com 1650s, euphemism for "underground sewer," from Latin cloaca "public sewer, drain," from cluere "tocleanse," from PIE root *kleue- "to wash, clean" (cognates: Greek klyzein "to dash over, wash off, rinseout," klysma "liquid used in a washing;" Lithuanian šluoju "to sweep;" Old English hlutor, Gothic hlutrs,Old High German hlutar, German lauter "pure, clear"). Use in biology, in reference to eliminatorysystems of lower animals, is from 1834. Related: Cloacal (1650s); cloacinal (1857).


19

ORIGINATED AS:

qanye (ቃኘ) investigate (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Connor”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: cunnere - "examiner, inspector" (see below) Connor masc. proper name, little used in U.S. before 1980; in the top 100 names given to boys from 1992;apparently an alteration and appropriation of the surname Conner (13c.), representing Old Englishcunnere "examiner, inspector" (as in ale-conner (see con (n.2)).Connor Look up Connor atDictionary.com asc. proper name, little used in U.S. before 1980; in the top 100 names given to boys from 1992;apparently an alteration and appropriation of the surname Conner (13c.), representing Old Englishcunnere "examiner, inspector" (as in ale-conner (see con (n.2)). con (n.2) Look up con at Dictionary.com "study," early 15c., from Old English cunnan "to know, know how" (see can (v.1)). can (v.1) Old English 1st & 3rd person singular present indicative of cunnan "know, have power to, be able," (also"to have carnal knowledge"), from Proto-Germanic *kunnan "to be mentally able, to have learned"(cognates: Old Norse kenna "to know, make known," Old Frisian kanna "to recognize, admit," Germankennen "to know," Gothic kannjan "to make known"), from PIE root *gno- (see know). con (n.1) "negation" (mainly in pro and con), 1570s, short for Latin contra "against" (see contra).


20

“Cooper”

ORIGINATED AS:

qefo (ቀፎ) shell, casing (n.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: keup - "a hollow" (see below) cooper (n.) "craftsman who makes wooden vessels," attested from late 12c. as a surname, either from Old English(unattested) or from a Low German source akin to Middle Dutch cuper, East Frisian kuper, from LowGerman kupe (German Kufe) "cask," cognate with Medieval Latin cupa (see coop (n.)). coop (n.) "small cage for poultry," mid-14c., from Old English cype, cypa "basket, cask," akin to Middle Dutchkupe, Swedish kupa, and all probably from Latin cupa "tub, cask," from PIE *keup- "hollow mound"(see cup (n.)). cup (n.) Old English cuppe, from Late Latin cuppa "cup" (source of Italian coppa, Spanish copa, Old Frenchcoupe "cup"), from Latin cupa "tub, cask, tun, barrel," from PIE *keup- "a hollow" (cognates: Sanskritkupah "hollow, pit, cave," Greek kype "a kind of ship," Old Church Slavonic kupu, Lithuanian kaupas). The Late Latin word was borrowed throughout Germanic: Old Frisian kopp "cup, head," Middle LowGerman kopp "cup," Middle Dutch coppe, Dutch kopje "cup, head." German cognate Kopf now meansexclusively "head" (compare French tête, from Latin testa "potsherd"). Meaning "part of a bra that holdsa breast" is from 1938. [One's] cup of tea "what interests one" (1932), earlier used of persons (1908), thesense being "what is invigorating."


21

ORIGINATED AS:

danya (ዳኛ) magistrate, judge (noun) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Daniel”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Dan - "judge" (see below) Daniel proper name, Hebrew, literally "God is my judge;" related to Dan, literally "he who judges," the tribedescended from Jacob's son of that name in Old Testament. Consistently in the top 15 names for boysborn in the U.S. from 1972 through 2008.


22

“Dante”

ORIGINATED AS:

dur (ዱር) wood, jungle, forest (n.) (Amarigna/Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: deru - "oak tree" (see below) Dante masc. proper name, most modern uses outside Italy ultimately are in reference to Dante Alighieri (c.1265-1321), the great poet; the name is a shortening of Latin Durante, from durare "harden, endure" (seeendure). endure (v.) late 14c., "to undergo or suffer" (especially without breaking); also "to continue in existence," from OldFrench endurer (12c.) "make hard, harden; bear, tolerate; keep up, maintain," from Latin indurare "makehard," in Late Latin "harden (the heart) against," from in- (see in- (2)) + durare "to harden," from durus"hard," from PIE *dru-ro-, from root *deru- "be firm, solid, steadfast" (see true). true (adj.) Old English triewe (West Saxon), treowe (Mercian) "faithful, trustworthy, honest, steady in adhering topromises, friends, etc.," from Proto-Germanic *treuwaz- "having or characterized by good faith"(cognates: Old Frisian triuwi, Dutch getrouw, Old High German gatriuwu, German treu, Old Norsetryggr, Danish tryg, Gothic triggws "faithful, trusty"), from PIE *drew-o-, a suffixed form of the root*deru-/*dreu- "be firm, solid, steadfast" (cognates: Lithuanian drutas "firm," Welsh drud, Old Irish dron"strong," Welsh derw "true," Old Irish derb "sure"), with specialized sense "wood, tree" and derivativesreferring to objects made of wood (see tree (n.)). tree (n.) Old English treo, treow "tree" (also "timber, wood, beam, log, stake"), from Proto-Germanic *treuwaz-(cognates: Old Frisian tre, Old Saxon trio, Old Norse tre, Gothic triu "tree"), from PIE *drew-o-, from*deru- "oak" (cognates: Sanskrit dru "tree, wood," daru "wood, log;"


23

ORIGINATED AS:

tewaraj (ተዋራጅ) meek (adj.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Darwin”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: deurjaz - " dear " (see below) Darwin surname attested from 12c., from Old English deorwine, literally "dear friend," probably used as a givenname and also the source of the masc. proper name Derwin. dear (adj.) Old English deore "precious, valuable, costly, loved, beloved," from Proto-Germanic *deurjaz (cognates:Old Saxon diuri, Old Norse dyrr, Old Frisian diore, Middle Dutch dure, Dutch duur, Old High Germantiuri, German teuer), ultimate origin unknown. Used interjectorily since 1690s. As a polite introductoryword to letters, it is attested from mid-15c. As a noun, from late 14c., perhaps short for dear one, etc.


24

“David”

ORIGINATED AS:

tewedede (ተወደደ) be loved, be liked, be important (v-perf.) (Amarigna)kwra see also: yetewedede (የተወደደ) beloved (adj.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Dawidh - "beloved" (see below) David masc. proper name, in Old Testament second king of Israel and Judah and author of psalms, fromHebrew Dawidh, literally "darling, beloved friend." The name was common in England and Scotland by12c., but much earlier in Wales. A nickname form was Dawe, hence surnames Dawson, Dawkins. A top10 list name for boys born in the U.S. from 1934 to 1992. Strong's Hebrew Lexicon #1732 David daw-veed' rarely (fully); Daviyd {daw-veed'}; from the same as 1730; loving; David, theyoungest son of Jesse:--David. #1730 dowd dode or (shortened) dod {dode}; from an unused root meaning properly, to boil, i.e.(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love- token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle:--(well-)beloved,father's brother, love, uncle. http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=hebrewlexicon&isindex=1730 for dowd “boil” aslo see: T’eT’eQ’e (ጠጠቐ ) boil (verb) (Tigrigna)


25

ORIGINATED AS:

danya (ዳኛ) magistrate, judge (noun) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Dennis”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Dan - "judge" (see below) Dennis masc. proper name, from French Denis, ultimately from Latin Dionysius, name of an important 6c.Church father, from Greek Dionysos, god of wine and revelry. “But Osiris went on to become god and judge of the dead. Dionysus did not.” "Ptolemy of Egypt" by Walter M. Ellis, page 28 Daniel proper name, Hebrew, literally "God is my judge;" related to Dan, literally "he who judges," the tribedescended from Jacob's son of that name in Old Testament. Consistently in the top 15 names for boysborn in the U.S. from 1972 through 2008.


26

“Dominic”

ORIGINATED AS:

den (ደን) forest (n.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: tun - "garden, field, yard; farm" (see below) Dominic masc. proper name, from Latin dominicus "pertaining to a lord" (see demesne). demesne (n.) c.1300, demeyne (modern spelling by late 15c.), from Anglo-French demesne, demeine, Old Frenchdemaine "land held for a lord's own use," from Latin dominicus "belonging to a master," from dominus"lord." Re-spelled by Anglo-French legal scribes under influence of Old French mesnie "household" (andthe concept of a demesne as "land attached to a mansion") and their fondness for inserting -s- before -n-.Essentially the same word as domain. domain (n.) early 15c., in Scottish, from Middle French domaine "domain, estate," from Old French demaine "lord'sestate," from Latin dominium "property, dominion," from dominus "lord, master, owner," from domus"house" (see domestic). Form influenced in Old French by Medieval Latin domanium "domain, estate."Internet domain name attested by 1985. domestic (adj.) early 15c., from Middle French domestique (14c.) and directly from Latin domesticus "belonging to thehousehold," from domus "house," from PIE *dom-o- "house," from root *dem- "house, household"(cognates: Sanskrit damah "house;" Avestan demana- "house;" Greek domos "house," despotes "master,lord;" Latin dominus "master of a household;" Old Church Slavonic domu, Russian dom "house;"Lithuanian dimstis "enclosed court, property;" Old Norse topt "homestead"). town (n.) Old English tun "enclosure, garden, field, yard; farm, manor; homestead, dwelling house, mansion;"later "group of houses village farm " from Proto-Germanic *tunaz *tunan "fortified place" (cognates:


27

ORIGINATED AS:

Erhe (Eርሐ) (verb) (make)

Also related to:

“Earnest”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: er - "to move, set in motion." (see below) Ernest masc. proper name, from French Ernest, which is of German origin (compare Old High German Ernust,German Ernst), literally "earnestness" (see earnest). Among the top 50 names for boys born in U.S. from1880 through 1933. earnest (adj.1) from Old English eornoste (adj.) "zealous, serious," or from Old English noun eornost "seriousness,serious intent" (surviving only in the phrase in earnest), from Proto-Germanic *er-n-os-ti- (cognates: OldSaxon ernust, Old Frisian ernst, Old High German arnust "seriousness, firmness, struggle," German Ernst"seriousness;" Gothic arniba "safely, securely;" Old Norse ern "able, vigorous," jarna "fight, combat"),perhaps from PIE root *er- (1) "to move, set in motion." The proper name Ernest (literally "resolute") isfrom the same root. Related: Earnestness. earnest (adj.2) "portion of something given or done in advance as a pledge," early 15c., with excrescent -t- (perhapsfrom influence of the other earnest), from Middle English ernes (c. 1200), "a pledge or promise;" often "aforetaste of what is to follow;" also (early 13c.) "sum of money as a pledge to secure a purchase or bind abargain (earnest-money); from Old French erres and directly from Latin arra, probably from Phoenicianor another Semitic language (compare Hebrew 'eravon "a pledge"). Sometimes in Middle English aserness, suggesting it was perceived as er "early" + -ness.


28

“Eli”

ORIGINATED AS:

lay (ላይ) over, above (prep.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: "high" (see below) Eli masc. proper name, in Old Testament, the name of a high priest of Israel, teacher of Samuel, fromHebrew, literally "high."


29

ORIGINATED AS:

Erhe (Eርሐ) (verb) (make)

Also related to:

“Eugene”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: er - "to move, set in motion." (see below) Ernest masc. proper name, from French Ernest, which is of German origin (compare Old High German Ernust,German Ernst), literally "earnestness" (see earnest). Among the top 50 names for boys born in U.S. from1880 through 1933. earnest (adj.1) from Old English eornoste (adj.) "zealous, serious," or from Old English noun eornost "seriousness,serious intent" (surviving only in the phrase in earnest), from Proto-Germanic *er-n-os-ti- (cognates: OldSaxon ernust, Old Frisian ernst, Old High German arnust "seriousness, firmness, struggle," German Ernst"seriousness;" Gothic arniba "safely, securely;" Old Norse ern "able, vigorous," jarna "fight, combat"),perhaps from PIE root *er- (1) "to move, set in motion." The proper name Ernest (literally "resolute") isfrom the same root. Related: Earnestness. earnest (adj.2) "portion of something given or done in advance as a pledge," early 15c., with excrescent -t- (perhapsfrom influence of the other earnest), from Middle English ernes (c. 1200), "a pledge or promise;" often "aforetaste of what is to follow;" also (early 13c.) "sum of money as a pledge to secure a purchase or bind abargain (earnest-money); from Old French erres and directly from Latin arra, probably from Phoenicianor another Semitic language (compare Hebrew 'eravon "a pledge"). Sometimes in Middle English aserness, suggesting it was perceived as er "early" + -ness.


30

“Evan”

ORIGINATED AS:

genana (ገናና) abundant, great, magnificent (adj.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Joannes -" gracious" (see below) Evan masc. proper name, Welsh form of John, perhaps influenced in form by Welsh ieuanc "young man"(cognate of Latin juvenis), from Celtic *yowanko-, from PIE *yeu- "vital force, youthful vigor" (seeyoung (adj.)). John masc. proper name, Middle English Jon, Jan (mid-12c.), from Old French Jan, Jean, Jehan (ModernFrench Jean), from Medieval Latin Johannes, an alteration of Late Latin Joannes, from Greek Ioannes,from Hebrew Yohanan (longer form y'hohanan), said to mean literally "Jehovah has favored" or "Jah isgracious," from hanan "he was gracious." Greek conformed the Hebrew ending to its own customs. The -h- in English was inserted in imitation ofthe Medieval Latin form. Old English had the Biblical name as Iohannes. As the name of John theBaptist and John the Evangelist, it was one of the most frequent Christian given names, and in Englandby early 14c. it rivaled William in popularity and was used generically (in Middle English especially ofpriests) and as an appellative (as in John Barleycorn, John Bull, John Q. Public). Somehow it alsobecame the characteristic name of a Chinaman (1818). The Latin name also is the source of French Jean, Spanish Juan, Italian Giovanni, Portuguese João, alsoDutch Jan, Hans, German Johann, Russian Ivan. Welsh form was Ieuan, Efan (see Evan), but Ioan wasadopted for the Welsh Authorized Version of the Bible, hence frequency of Jones as a Welsh surname.


31

ORIGINATED AS:

sera (ሠራ) make, work, do (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Ezra”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: ezer - "help" (see below) mezrath (feminine) (see below) Ezra masc. proper name, in Old Testament name of a celebrated 5c. B.C.E. scribe, from Late Latin, fromHebrew Ezra, contraction of Azaryah(u), literally "God has helped," from ezer "help" + Yah, a shortenedform of Yahweh "God." Strong's Hebrew Lexicon Search Results #5833 `ezrah ez-raw' or mezrath (Psa. 60:11 (13); 108:12 (13)) {ez-rawth'}; feminine of 5828; aid:--help(-ed, -er). http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=hebrewlexicon&isindex=5833 for mezrath see also mesrat (መሥራት) work, perform, make (v-inf.)


32

“Frank”

ORIGINATED AS:

fluy (ፍሉይ) separate, apart (adj.) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: freo - "not in bondage" (see below) Frank (n.) one of the Germanic tribal people (Salian Franks) situated on the lower Rhine from 3c. that conqueredRomano-Celtic northern Gaul c.500 C.E.; from their territory and partly from their language grewmodern France and French. Old English franc, franca "freeman, noble; Frank, Frenchman," fromMedieval Latin francus, a Late Latin borrowing of Frankish *Frank, the people's self-designation(cognate with Old High German Franko, the Latin word also is the source of Spanish and Italian namesFranco). The origin of the ethnic name is uncertain; it traditionally is said to be from the old Germanic word*frankon "javelin, lance" (compare Old English franca "lance, javelin"), their preferred weapon, but thereverse may be the case. Compare also Saxon, traditionally from root of Old English seax "knife." Theadjectival sense of "free, at liberty" (see frank (adj.)) probably developed from the tribal name, not theother way round. It was noted by 1680s that, in the Levant, this was the name given to anyone ofWestern nationality (compare Feringhee and lingua franca). frank (adj.) c. 1300, "free, liberal, generous;" 1540s, "outspoken," from Old French franc "free (not servile); withouthindrance, exempt from; sincere, genuine, open, gracious, generous; worthy, noble, illustrious" (12c.),from Medieval Latin francus "free, at liberty, exempt from service," as a noun, "a freeman, a Frank" (seeFrank). Feringhee (n.) name used in India for "European; Englishman; Portuguese," 1630s, from Persian Farangi, from ArabicFaranji (10c.), from Old French Franc "Frank" (see Frank) + Arabic ethnic suffix -i. The fr- sound isimpossible in Arabic.


33

ORIGINATED AS:

kbur (ክቡር) honorable (adj.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Gabriel”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: gabhar - "was strong" (see below) Gabriel masc. proper name, also name of an Old Testament angel, from Hebrew Gabhri el, literally "man ofGod," from gebher "man" + El "God." First element is from base of verb gabhar "was strong" (compareArabic jabr "strong, young man;" jabbar "tyrant"). Strong's Hebrew Lexicon Search Results #1368 gibbowr ghib-bore' or (shortened) gibbor {ghib-bore'}; intensive from the same as 1397;powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant:-- champion, chief, X excel, giant, man, mighty (man, one),strong (man), valiant man. #1397 geber gheh'-ber from 1396; properly, a valiant man or warrior; generally, a person simply:--everyone, man, X mighty. ָבַר ּגto become stronger, to gain power ; to overpower, to conquer, to vanquish, to defeat ֵל קִּבto receive, to get ; to win, to be awarded ; to develop, to have ; to welcome, to accept ; to make, to take (adecision) "In the Book of Daniel, he is responsible for interpreting Daniel's visions. Gabriel's main function inDaniel is that of revealer, a role he continues in later literature." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel See: gebaw (ገባው) he understood, he comprehended (v-perf.) (Amarigna)


34

“Gary”

ORIGINATED AS:

gurado (ጉራዶ) sword (noun) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: geri - "spear" (see below) Gary masc. proper name, also a surname, from Norman form of Old Norse geiri, Old Danish geri "spear" (seegar). gar (n.) pike-like fish, 1765, American English, shortening of garfish (mid-15c.), from fish (n.) + Middle Englishgare, gore "a spear," from Old English gar "spear," from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz "spear" (cognates: OldNorse geirr "spear; point of an anvil," Old Saxon, Old High German ger, German Ger "spear"), from PIE*ghaiso- "a stick, spear" (see goad (n.)). The fish so called for its long sharp snout. Compare Edgar,garlic.


35

ORIGINATED AS:


Also related to:

“Gerald”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: girald - "spear" (see below) Gerald masc. proper name, introduced into England by the Normans, from Old French Giralt, from Old HighGerman Gerwald, "spear-wielder," from Proto-Germanic *girald, from *ger "spear" (see gar) + base ofwaltan "to rule" (cognate with Old English wealdan; see wield). The name often was confused withGerard. gar (n.) pike-like fish, 1765, American English, shortening of garfish (mid-15c.), from fish (n.) + Middle Englishgare, gore "a spear," from Old English gar "spear," from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz "spear" (cognates: OldNorse geirr "spear; point of an anvil," Old Saxon, Old High German ger, German Ger "spear"), from PIE*ghaiso- "a stick, spear" (see goad (n.)). The fish so called for its long sharp snout. Compare Edgar,garlic. wield (v.) Old English weldan (Mercian), wieldan, wealdan (West Saxon) "have power over, compel, tame,subdue" (class VII strong verb; past tense weold, past participle gewealden), merged with weak verbwyldan, both from Proto-Germanic *waldan "to rule" (cognates: Old Saxon and Gothic waldan, OldFrisian walda "to govern, rule," Old Norse valda "to rule, wield, to cause," Old High German waltan,German walten "to rule, govern"). The Germanic words and cognates in Balto-Slavic (Old Church Slavonic vlado "to rule," vlasti "power,"Russian vladeti "to reign, rule, possess, make use of," Lithuanian veldu "to rule, possess") probably arefrom PIE *woldh-, extended form of root *wal- "to be strong, to rule" (see valiant). Related: Wielded;wielding.


36

“Gilbert”

ORIGINATED AS:

chere (ቸረ) to donate (v-perf.) (Amarigna) +

bruh (ብሩህ) bright (adj.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: giall - "pledge" (see below) + beorht - "bright" (see below) Gilbert masc. proper name, from Old French Guillebert (from Old High German Williberht, literally "a brightwill") or Old French Gilebert, from Gisilbert, literally "a bright pledge," from Old High German gisil"pledge," a Celtic loan-word (compare Old Irish giall "pledge") + beorht "bright" (see Albert). It was thecommon name for a male cat (especially in short form Gib) from c. 1400 (see Tom). As a unit ofmagneto-motive force, it honors English physicist William Gilbert (1544-1603). For the Gilbert Islands,see Kiribati. Kiribati island nation in the Pacific, formerly Gilbert Islands and named for Capt. Thomas Gilbert, who arrivedthere 1788 after helping transport the first shipload of convicts to Australia. At independence in 1979 ittook the current name, which represents the local pronunciation of Gilbert. Christmas Island, named forthe date it was discovered by Europeans, is in the chain and now goes by Kiritimati, likewise a localpronunciation of the English name.


37

ORIGINATED AS:

agazen (Aጋዘን) antelope (n.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Giles”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: aegis - "goat" (see below) Giles masc. proper name, from Old French Gilles, from Latin Egidius, Aegidius (name of a famous 7c.Provençal hermit who was a popular saint in the Middle Ages), from Greek aigidion "kid" (see aegis).Often used in English as a typical name of a simple-minded farmer. aegis (n.) "protection," 1793, from Latin aegis, from Greek Aigis, the name of the shield of Zeus, said byHerodotus to be related to aix (genitive aigos) "goat," from PIE *aig- "goat" (cognates: Sanskrit ajah,Lithuanian ozys "he-goat"), as the shield was of goatskin. Athene's aigis was a short goat-skin cloak,covered with scales, set with a gorgon's head, and fringed with snakes. The exact use and purpose of it isnot now clear.


38

“Gillian”

ORIGINATED AS:

taye (ታየ) be seen, be watched, appear (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: dyeu - "to gleam, to shine" (see below) Gillian fem. proper name, from French Juliane, from Late Latin Juliana (a saint's name), fem. of Iulianus,literally "of Julius," the Roman gens name (see Julius). Julius masc. proper name, from Latin Iulius (Spanish Julio, Italian Giulio), name of a Roman gens, perhaps acontraction of *Iovilios "pertaining to or descended from Jove," from PIE *iou-li-, from root *dyeu- (seeZeus). Zeus supreme god of the ancient Greeks and master of the others, 1706, from Greek, from PIE *dewos- "god"(cognates: Latin deus "god," Old Persian daiva- "demon, evil god," Old Church Slavonic deivai, Sanskritdeva-), from root *dyeu- "to gleam, to shine;" also the root of words for "sky" and "day" (see diurnal).The god-sense is originally "shining," but "whether as originally sun-god or as lightener" is not nowclear. diurnal (adj.) late 14c., from Late Latin diurnalis "daily," from Latin dies "day" + -urnus, an adjectival suffix denotingtime (compare hibernus "wintery"). Dies "day" is from PIE root *dyeu- "to shine" (cognates: Sanskritdiva "by day," Welsh diw, Breton deiz "day;" Armenian tiw; Lithuanian diena; Old Church Slavonicdini, Polish dzień, Russian den), literally "to shine" (compare Greek delos "clear;" Latin deus, Sanskritdeva "god," literally "shining one;" Avestan dava- "spirit, demon;" Lithuanian devas, Old Norse tivar"gods;" Old English Tig, genitive Tiwes, see Tuesday).


39

ORIGINATED AS:

gara (ጋራ) together with (adv.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Gregory”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: ger - "to gather together, assemble" (see below) Gregory masc. proper name, popular in England and Scotland by mid-12c. (Pope Gregory I sent the men whoconverted the English to Christianity), nativization of Late Latin Gregorius, literally "wakeful"(equivalent to Latin Vigilantius), from Greek gregorios, a derivative of gregoros "to be watchful," fromPIE root *ger- "to be awake" (cognates: Sanskrit jagarti "he is awake," Avestan agarayeiti "wakes up,rouses"). At times confused with Latin gregarius (see gregarious). gregarious (adj.) 1660s, "disposed to live in flocks" (of animals), from Latin gregarius "pertaining to a flock; of the herd,of the common sort, common," from grex (genitive gregis) "flock, herd," from PIE *gre-g-, reduplicatedform of root *ger- (1) "to gather together, assemble" (cognates: Sanskrit gramah "heap, troop;" Greekageirein "to assemble," agora "assembly;" Latin gremium "bosom, lap;" Old Church Slavonic grusti"handful," gramota "heap;" Lithuanian gurgulys "chaos, confusion," gurguole "crowd, mass"). Ofpersons, "sociable" first recorded 1789. Related: Gregariously; gregariousness.


40

“Gulliver”

ORIGINATED AS:

qolele (ቆለለ) pile up, stack up (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: goulafre - "glutton" (see below) Gulliver male proper name, from Old French goulafre "glutton," a very common name, found as a surname inDomesday Book (William Gulafra).


41

ORIGINATED AS:

astebabere (Aስተባበረ) bring together (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Gustavus”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: stebh - "place firmly on, fasten (see below) Gustavus masc. proper name, Latinized form of Swedish Gustaf; first element of unknown origin, second elementliterally "staff." Related: Gustavian. staff (n.) Old English stæf (plural stafas), "walking stick, strong pole used for carrying, rod used as a weapon,pastoral staff," probably originally *stæb, from Proto-Germanic *stabaz (cognates: Old Saxon staf, OldNorse stafr, Danish stav, Old Frisian stef, Middle Low German and Middle Dutch staf, Old High Germanstab, German Stab, Gothic *stafs "element;" Middle Dutch stapel "pillar, foundation"), from PIE root*stebh- "post, stem, to support, place firmly on, fasten" (cognates: Old Lithuanian stabas "idol,"Lithuanian stebas "staff, pillar;" Old Church Slavonic stoboru "pillar;" Sanskrit stabhnati "supports;"Greek stephein "to tie around, encircle, wreathe," staphyle "grapevine, bunch of grapes;" Old Englishstapol "post, pillar"). stab (v.) late 14c., "thrust with a pointed weapon," first in Scottish English, apparently a dialectal variant ofScottish stob "to pierce, stab," from stob (n.), perhaps a variant of stub (n.) "stake, nail," but Barnhartfinds this "doubtful." Figurative use, of emotions, etc., is from 1590s. Related: Stabbed; stabbing.


42

“Hannibal”

ORIGINATED AS:

bal (ባል)/b’Al (ብዓል) husband, owner (Amarigna/Tigrigna) +


Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: ba'al - "owner/he married" (see below) Hannibal masc. proper name, name of the Carthaginian general (c. 247-183 B.C.E.) who hounded Rome in the 2ndPunic War, from Punic (Semitic) Hannibha'al, literally "my favor is with Baal;" first element related toHebrew hanan "he was gracious, showed favor" (see Hannah); for second element see Baal. Baal Biblical, from Hebrew Ba'al, literally "owner, master, lord," a title applied to any deity (includingJehovah), but later a name of a particular Semitic solar deity worshipped licentiously by the Phoeneciansand Carthaginians; from ba'al "he took possession of," also "he married;" related to or derived fromAkkadian Belu (source of Hebrew Bel), name of Marduk. Identical with the first element in Beelzebuband the second in Hannibal. Used figuratively in English for any "false god."


43

ORIGINATED AS:

halawi (ሓላዊ) sentry, watchman, escort, guard (noun) (Tigrigna) +

werere (ወረረ) raid, occupy, invade, overwhelm (verb) (Amarigna/ Tigrigna)

“Harold”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: heri - "host, army" (see below) + weold - “have power over, compel, tame, subdue” Harold masc. proper name, Old Norse Haraldr, Old Danish, Old Swedish Harald, from Proto-Germanic *harja-waldaz "army commander." For first element, see harry; second element is related to Proto-Germanic*waldan, source of Old English wealdan (see wield). The name shares an etymology with herald (n.). harry (v.) Old English hergian "make war, lay waste, ravage, plunder," the word used in the Anglo-SaxonChronicle for what the Vikings did to England, from Proto-Germanic *harjon (cognates: Old Frisianurheria "lay waste, ravage, plunder," Old Norse herja "to make a raid, to plunder," Old Saxon and OldHigh German herion, German verheeren "to destroy, lay waste, devastate"). This is literally "to overrunwith an army," from Proto-Germanic *harjaz "an armed force" (cognates: Old English here, Old Norseherr "crowd, great number; army, troop," Old Saxon and Old Frisian heri, Dutch heir, Old High Germanhar, German Heer, Gothic harjis "a host, army"). The Germanic words come from PIE root *koro- "war" also "war-band, host, army" (cognates:Lithuanian karas "war, quarrel," karias "host, army;" Old Church Slavonic kara "strife;" Middle Irishcuire "troop;" Old Persian kara "host, people, army;" Greek koiranos "ruler, leader, commander"). wield (v.) Old English weldan (Mercian), wieldan, wealdan (West Saxon) "have power over, compel, tame,subdue" (class VII strong verb; past tense weold, past participle gewealden), merged with weak verbwyldan, both from Proto-Germanic *waldan "to rule" (cognates: Old Saxon and Gothic waldan, OldFrisian walda "to govern, rule," Old Norse valda "to rule, wield, to cause," Old High German waltan,German walten "to rule, govern").


44

“Henry”

ORIGINATED AS:

qweme (ቈመ) halt (verb) (Tigrigna) +

lage (ላገ) make straight (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: koimo - "to settle, dwell, be home" + reg - "move in a straight line" Henry masc. proper name, from French Henri, from Late Latin Henricus, from German Heinrich, from OldHigh German Heimerich, literally "the ruler of the house," from heim "home" (see home (n.)) + rihhi"ruler" (see Reich). One of the most popular Norman names after the Conquest. Related: Henrician. home (n.) Old English ham "dwelling place, house, abode, fixed residence; estate; village; region, country," fromProto-Germanic *haimaz "home" (cognates: Old Frisian hem "home, village," Old Norse heimr"residence, world," heima "home," Danish hjem, Middle Dutch heem, German heim "home," Gothichaims "village"), from PIE *(t)koimo-, suffixed form of root *tkei- "to settle, dwell, be home" (cognates:Sanskrit kseti "abides, dwells," Armenian shen "inhabited," Greek kome, Lithuanian kaimas "village;"Old Church Slavonic semija "domestic servants"). As an adjective from 1550s. The old Germanic senseof "village" is preserved in place names and in hamlet. Reich (n.) German, "kingdom, realm, state," from Old High German rihhi, related to Old English rice, from Proto-Germanic *rikja "rule" (cognates: Old Norse riki, Danish rige, Old Frisian and Middle Dutch rike, Dutchrijk, Gothic reiki), from PIE *reg- (1) "move in a straight line," hence, "direct in a straight line, rule,guide" (see regal). Don Ringe, "From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic" [Oxford 2006] identifiesit as a Celtic loan-word in Germanic rather than a direct evolution from PIE, based on the vowel. Used inEnglish from 1871-1945 to refer to "the German state, Germany." Most notoriously in Third Reich (seethird); there never was a First or Second in English usage. Also for tkoimo see teqemeT'e (ተቀመጠ) sit down, be set (v-perf.) (Amarigna)


45

ORIGINATED AS:

halawi (ሓላዊ) sentry, escort, guard (noun) (Tigrigna) +


Also related to:

“Herbert”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: hari - "army" (see below) + berhta - "bright" (see below) Herbert masc. proper name, introduced in England by the Normans, from Old French Herbert, Latinized fromFrankish *Hari-berct, *Her(e)-bert, literally "army-bright;" see harry (v.) + bright (adj.). harry (v.) Old English hergian "make war, lay waste, ravage, plunder," the word used in the Anglo-SaxonChronicle for what the Vikings did to England, from Proto-Germanic *harjon (cognates: Old Frisianurheria "lay waste, ravage, plunder," Old Norse herja "to make a raid, to plunder," Old Saxon and OldHigh German herion, German verheeren "to destroy, lay waste, devastate"). This is literally "to overrunwith an army," from Proto-Germanic *harjaz "an armed force" (cognates: Old English here, Old Norseherr "crowd, great number; army, troop," Old Saxon and Old Frisian heri, Dutch heir, Old High Germanhar, German Heer, Gothic harjis "a host, army"). The Germanic words come from PIE root *koro- "war" also "war-band, host, army" (cognates:Lithuanian karas "war, quarrel," karias "host, army;" Old Church Slavonic kara "strife;" Middle Irishcuire "troop;" Old Persian kara "host, people, army;" Greek koiranos "ruler, leader, commander").Weakened sense of "worry, goad, harass" is from c. 1400. Related: Harried; harrying. bright (adj.) Old English bryht, by metathesis from beorht "bright; splendid; clear-sounding; beautiful; divine," fromProto-Germanic *berhta- "bright" (cognates: Old Saxon berht, Old Norse bjartr, Old High Germanberaht, Gothic bairhts "bright"), from PIE root *bhereg- "to gleam, white" (cognates: Sanskrit bhrajate"shines, glitters," Lithuanian breksta "to dawn," Welsh berth "bright, beautiful"). Meaning "quick-witted"is from 1741.


46

“Howard”

ORIGINATED AS:

gara (ጋራ) mountain (n.) (Amarigna) +

halawi (ሓላዊ) sentry, watchman, escort, guard (noun) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: har - "hill" (see below) + weard - " defender, guardian" (see below) Howard proper name, from Old French Huard, from a Germanic source similar to Old High German *Hugihard"heart-brave," or *Hoh-weard, literally "high defender; chief guardian." Also probably in some cases aconfusion with cognate Old Norse Haward, and as a surname also with unrelated Hayward. In some rarecases from Old English eowu hierde "ewe herd." high (adj.) Old English heh (Anglian), heah (West Saxon) "of great height, tall, conspicuously elevated; lofty,exalted, high-class," from Proto-Germanic *haukhaz (cognates: Old Saxon hoh, Old Norse har, Danishhøi, Swedish hög, Old Frisian hach, Dutch hoog, Old High German hoh, German hoch, Gothic hauhs"high;" also German Hügel "hill," Old Norse haugr "mound"). The group is of uncertain origin; perhapsrelated to Lithuanian kaukara "hill." Spelling with -gh represents a final guttural sound in the originalword, lost since 14c.


47

ORIGINATED AS:

saqe (ሣቀ) laugh (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Isaac”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: “laugh” (see below) Isaac masc. proper name, name of a biblical patriarch, from Late Latin, from Greek Isaak, from HebrewYitzhaq, literally "he laughs," imperf. of tzahaq "he laughed."


48

“Isaiah”

ORIGINATED AS:

aweCH'i (Aወጪ) deliverance (made free) (n.) (Amarigna) awTS’ee (ኣውጸአ) extract, pull (verb) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: yeshua - "salvation, deliverance" (see below) Isaiah masc. proper name, name of a biblical prophet, from Hebrew Yesha'yah, abbreviated form ofYesha'yahu, literally "salvation of the Lord," from yesha, yeshua "salvation, deliverance." Strong's Hebrew Lexicon Search Results: #3470 Ysha`yah yesh-ah-yaw' or Yshayahuw {yesh-ah-yaw'-hoo}; from 3467 and 3050; Jah has saved;Jeshajah, the name of seven Israelites:--Isaiah, Jesaiah, Jeshaiah. #3467 yasha` yaw-shah' a primitive root; properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e. (by implication) to besafe; causatively, to free or succor:--X at all, avenging, defend, deliver(-er), help, preserve, rescue, besafe, bring (having) salvation, save(-iour), get victory. #3050 Yahh yaw contraction for 3068, and meaning the same; Jah, the sacred name:--Jah, the Lord, mostvehement. Compare names in "-iah," "- jah." http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=hebrewlexicon&isindex=isaiah see also - wazae (وزع) distribute, hand out, dispense, diffuse, portion, allot, deliver, seed (v.) (Arabic)


49

ORIGINATED AS:

A'qebe (Aቀበ) prohibit, he interdicted (v-perf.) (Amarigna) See also: kebdi egri (ከብዲ Eግሪ) sole of the foot, sole (noun) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Jacob”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: aqebh - "heel" (see below) Jacob masc. proper name, name of Old Testament patriarch, son of Isaac and Rebecca and father of thefounders of the twelve tribes, from Late Latin Iacobus, from Greek Iakobos, from Hebrew Ya'aqobh,literally "one that takes by the heel" (Gen. xxviii:12), a derivative of 'aqebh "heel." The most popularname for boys born in the U.S. from 1999 through 2008. Jacob's ladder, in various transferred uses from1733, is from Gen. xxviii:12. see also: qubid (ض catch, seizure, taking, constriction (n.); grasp, get hold of, constrict (v.) (Arabic) (قب


50

“James”

ORIGINATED AS:

A'qebe (Aቀበ) prohibit, he interdicted (v-perf.) (Amarigna) See also: kebdi egri (ከብዲ Eግሪ) sole of the foot, sole (noun) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Late Latin Jacomus, altered from Jacobus (see below) James masc. proper name, New Testament name of two of Christ's disciples, late 12c. Middle Englishvernacular form of Late Latin Jacomus (source of Old French James, Spanish Jaime, Italian Giacomo),altered from Latin Jacobus (see Jacob). Jacob masc. proper name, name of Old Testament patriarch, son of Isaac and Rebecca and father of thefounders of the twelve tribes, from Late Latin Iacobus, from Greek Iakobos, from Hebrew Ya'aqobh,literally "one that takes by the heel" (Gen. xxviii:12), a derivative of 'aqebh "heel." The most popularname for boys born in the U.S. from 1999 through 2008. Jacob's ladder, in various transferred uses from1733, is from Gen. xxviii:12. Strong's Hebrew Lexicon Search Results #3290 Ya`aqob yah-ak-obe' from 6117; heel-catcher (i.e. supplanter); Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch:--Jacob. http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=hebrewlexicon&isindex=3290 see also: qubid (ض catch, seizure, taking, constriction (n.); grasp, get hold of, constrict (v.) (Arabic) (قب


51

ORIGINATED AS:

aT’Aye (ኣጥዓየ) heal (verb) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Jason”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Greek Eason, from Hebrew Yehoshua (see below) Jason masc. proper name, from Greek Eason, from Hebrew Yehoshua, a common name among HellenisticJews (see Joshua). In Greek mythology, son of Aeson, leader of the Argonauts, from Latin Jason, fromGreek Iason, perhaps related to iasthai "to heal" (see -iatric). The names were somewhat merged inChristian Greek. Joshua masc. proper name, biblical successor of Moses, from Hebrew Yehoshua, literally "the Lord issalvation." Joshua tree (1867) is perhaps so called because its shape compared to pictures of Joshuabrandishing a spear (Josh. viii:18). In the top 10 list of names for boys in the U.S. since 1979. Isaiah masc. proper name, name of a biblical prophet, from Hebrew Yesha'yah, abbreviated form ofYesha'yahu, literally "salvation of the Lord," from yesha, yeshua "salvation, deliverance." Strong's Hebrew Lexicon Search Results: #3470 Ysha`yah yesh-ah-yaw' or Yshayahuw {yesh-ah-yaw'-hoo}; from 3467 and 3050; Jah has saved;Jeshajah, the name of seven Israelites:--Isaiah, Jesaiah, Jeshaiah. #3467 yasha` yaw-shah' a primitive root; properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e. (by implication) to besafe; causatively, to free or succor:--X at all, avenging, defend, deliver(-er), help, preserve, rescue, besafe, bring (having) salvation, save(-iour), get victory. #3050 Yahh yaw contraction for 3068, and meaning the same; Jah, the sacred name:--Jah, the Lord, mostvehement. Compare names in "-iah," "- jah." http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=hebrewlexicon&isindex=isaiah see also - wazae (وزع) distribute, hand out, dispense, diffuse, portion, allot, deliver, seed (v.) (Arabic)


52

“Jeremiah”

ORIGINATED AS:

grmawi (ግርማዊ) glorious, majestic (adj.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Jeremias - "exalt" (see below) Jeremiah masc. proper name, Old Testament prophet (see jeremiad) who flourished c.626-586 B.C.E., from LateLatin Jeremias, from Hebrew Yirmeyah, probably literally "may Jehovah exalt," but Klein suggests italso might be short for Yirmeyahu "the Lord casts, the Lord founds," and compares the first element inJerusalem. The vernacular form in English was Jeremy. jeremiad (n.) 1780, from French jérémiade (1762), in reference to "Lamentations of Jeremiah" in Old Testament.


53

ORIGINATED AS:

hulu (ሁሉ) total, entire, all (adj.) (Amarigna) +

man neh (ማን ነህ) who are you? (phr.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Jerome”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: hāl - "entire, complete" (see below) + imene - "name, reputation" (see below) Jerome masc. proper name, from French Jérome, from Late Latin Hieronymus, from Greek Hieronymos, literally"holy name," from hieros "holy" (see ire) + onyma, dialectal form of onoma "name" (see name (n.)). holy (adj.) The English word "holy" dates back to at least the 11th century with the Old English word hālig, anadjective derived from hāl meaning "whole" and used to mean "uninjured, sound, healthy, entire,complete". The Scottish hale ("health, happiness and wholeness") is the most complete modern form ofthis Old English root. The word "holy" in its modern form appears in Wycliffe's Bible of 1382. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred#Etymology name (n.) Old English nama, noma "name, reputation," from Proto-Germanic *namon (cognates: Old Saxon namo,Old Frisian nama, Old High German namo, German Name, Middle Dutch name, Dutch naam, Old Norsenafn, Gothic namo "name"), from PIE *nomn- (cognates: Sanskrit nama; Avestan nama; Greek onoma,onyma; Latin nomen; Old Church Slavonic ime, genitive imene; Russian imya; Old Irish ainm; OldWelsh anu "name").


54

“Jesse”

ORIGINATED AS:

awse (ኣውስአ) issue, supply, provide, furnish (verb) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Jesse - "to give (someone)" (see below) Jesse masc. proper name, biblical father of David and ancestor of Jesus, from Latin, from Greek Iessai, fromHebrew Yishay, of unknown origin. A rod out of the stem of Jesse (Isa. xi:1) is regarded by Christians asone of the great prophesies of the Old Testament foretelling the coming of Christ; hence Tree of Jesse"decorative image of the genealogy of Jesus, with Jesse as the root;" to give (someone) Jesse "punishseverely" (1839) is American English, probably a play on the "rod" in the Biblical verse. Related:Jessean. Samuel offered a sacrifice with Jesse and then went to his house, where he sanctified him and his family.The prophet asked Jesse to present his sons. When Samuel saw Eliab, Jesse's eldest son, he wasimpressed by his stature and convinced that he must be God's anointed king, however God said toSamuel "Do not consider his appearance or his height, for I have rejected him. The Lord does not look atthe things man looks at. Man look at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart." (1 Samuel16:7 NIV) When Jesse presented his second son, Abinadab, God told Samuel "The Lord has not chosenthis one either." (1 Samuel 16:8 NIV) This happened again with his third son, Shammah, then his fourth,fifth, sixth and seventh sons. Finally, Samuel enquired of Jesse if he had any other sons. Jesse told himthat David the youngest was tending the flock. The prophet then asked for him, waited and when hecame, God asked the prophet to anoint him as king over Israel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse


55

ORIGINATED AS:


Also related to:

“John”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: hanan - "he was gracious" (see below) John masc. proper name, Middle English Jon, Jan (mid-12c.), from Old French Jan, Jean, Jehan (ModernFrench Jean), from Medieval Latin Johannes, an alteration of Late Latin Joannes, from Greek Ioannes,from Hebrew Yohanan (longer form y'hohanan), said to mean literally "Jehovah has favored" or "Jah isgracious," from hanan "he was gracious." Greek conformed the Hebrew ending to its own customs. The -h- in English was inserted in imitation ofthe Medieval Latin form. Old English had the Biblical name as Iohannes. As the name of John theBaptist and John the Evangelist, it was one of the most frequent Christian given names, and in Englandby early 14c. it rivaled William in popularity and was used generically (in Middle English especially ofpriests) and as an appellative (as in John Barleycorn, John Bull, John Q. Public). Somehow it alsobecame the characteristic name of a Chinaman (1818). The Latin name also is the source of French Jean, Spanish Juan, Italian Giovanni, Portuguese João, alsoDutch Jan, Hans, German Johann, Russian Ivan. Welsh form was Ieuan, Efan (see Evan), but Ioan wasadopted for the Welsh Authorized Version of the Bible, hence frequency of Jones as a Welsh surname. Evan masc. proper name, Welsh form of John, perhaps influenced in form by Welsh ieuanc "young man"(cognate of Latin juvenis), from Celtic *yowanko-, from PIE *yeu- "vital force, youthful vigor" (seeyoung (adj.)).


56

“Joseph”

ORIGINATED AS:

asefa (Aሰፋ) widen (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Ioseph - "adds, increases" (see below) Joseph masc. proper name, biblical son of Jacob and Rachel, and in the New Testament the name of the husbandof Mary, mother of Jesus; from Late Latin Joseph, Josephus, from Greek Ioseph, from Hebrew Yoseph(also Yehoseph; see Ps. lxxxi:6) "adds, increases," causative of yasaph "he added." Its use in names ofclothing and plants often is in reference to his "coat of many colors" (Gen. xxxvii:3).


57

ORIGINATED AS:

tCH'erhe (ትጨርሐ) scream, cry (verb) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Laurence”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: dakru - "tearful, sorrowful, weeping" (see below) Laurence masc. proper name, from Old French Lorenz (French Laurent), from Latin Laurentius, literally "ofLaurentum," a maritime town in Latium, literally "town of bay trees," from laurus (see laurel). TheItalian form is Lorenzo. A popular given name in the Middle Ages, as a surname it is attested in Englandfrom mid-12c. Larkin is a pet-form. For some reason, the name since at least 18c. has been thepersonification of indolence (compare German der faule Lenz "Lazy Lawrence"). But in Scotland, the petform Lowrie has been used for "a fox" (c. 1500), also for "a crafty person" (1560s). laurel (n.) c. 1300, lorrer, from Old French laurier (12c.), from Latin laurus "laurel tree," probably related to Greekdaphne "laurel" (for change of d- to l- see lachrymose), probably from a pre-IE Mediterranean language.The change of second -r- to -l- after mid-14c. is by dissimilation. An emblem of victory or of distinction,hence the phrase to rest (originally repose) on one's laurels, first attested 1831. lachrymose (adj.) 1660s, "tear-like," from Latin lacrimosus "tearful, sorrowful, weeping," also "causing tears, lamentable,"from lacrima "tear," a dialect-altered borrowing of Greek dakryma "tear," from dakryein "to shed tears,"from dakry "tear," from PIE *dakru- (see tear (n.1)). Meaning "given to tears, tearful" is first attested1727; meaning "of a mournful character" is from 1822. The -d- to -l- alteration in Latin is the so-called "Sabine -L-"; compare Latin olere "smell," from root ofodor, and Ulixes, the Latin form of Greek Odysseus. The Medieval Latin practice of writing -ch- for -c-before Latin -r- also altered anchor, pulchritude, sepulchre. The -y- is pedantic, from belief in a Greekorigin. Middle English had lacrymable "tearful" (mid-15c.).


58

“Levi”

ORIGINATED AS:

leye (ለየ) choose, favor, pick, elect (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: lawah - "he joined" (see below) Levi masc. proper name, biblical son of Jacob by Leah, from Hebrew lewi, literally "joining, pledging,attached," from stem of lawah "he joined." Leah (Hebrew: ֵל הָאhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leah


59

ORIGINATED AS:

wruy (ውሩይ) renowned, famous (adjective) (Tigringa) +

wg'e (ውግE) warfare, battle, fight, campaign, combat (noun) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Louis”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: hluda - "famous" (see below) + wigaz - "battle" (see below) Louis masc. proper name, from French Louis, from Old French Loois, probably via Medieval Latin Ludovicus,a Latinization of Old High German Hluodowig, literally "famous in war" (cognate with Clovis; foretymology, see Ludwig). Louis Quatorze (1855) refers to styles reminiscent of the time of King LouisXIV of France (1643-1715). Clovis type of prehistoric stone spearpoints, 1943, from Clovis, New Mexico, U.S., near which place they werefound. The town is said to have been named for the Frankish king Clovis (Latinized from FrankishChlodovech, from Germanic masc. proper name *hluda-wigaz "famous in battle," cognate with Ludwigand Louis).


60

“Luke”

ORIGINATED AS:

lekheye (ለኸየ) whitewash (verb) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: leukos - "white" (see below) Luke masc. proper name, from Latin Lucas (Greek Loukas), contraction of Lucanus literally "of Lucania,"district in Lower Italy, home of the Lucani, a branch of the Sabelline race. Luke Lucius means "the bright one" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_(name) Strong's Greek Lexicon Search Results #3022. leukos lyoo-kos' from luke ("light"); white:--white. http://www.eliyah.com/cgi-bin/strongs.cgi?file=greeklexicon&isindex=leukos


61

ORIGINATED AS:

meT’ewe (መጠወ) give (verb) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:Nathan

“Matthew”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: mattath - "gift" (see below) Matthew masc. proper name, introduced in England by the Normans, from Old French Mathieu, from Late LatinMatthaeus, from Greek Matthaios, contraction of Mattathias, from Hebrew Mattathyah "gift of Jehovah,"from mattath "gift." Variant Matthias is from the Greek version.


62

“Morris”

ORIGINATED AS:

maras (ማራስ) soak, dampen (v-inf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: morass - "wet, swampy tract" (see below) Morris surname and masc. proper name, in some cases representing Maurice (common form Morice, or anickname, Moorish, for onme who is swarthy. As a style of furniture, wallpaper, etc., 1880, in referenceto poet and craftsman William Morris (1834-1896). Maurice masc. proper name, from French Maurice, from Late Latin Mauritius, from Latin Maurus "inhabitant ofMauretania, Moor" (see Moor). moor (n.) "waste ground," Old English mor "morass, swamp," from Proto-Germanic *mora- (cognates: Old Saxon,Middle Dutch, Dutch meer "swamp," Old High German muor "swamp," also "sea," German Moor"moor," Old Norse mörr "moorland," marr "sea"), perhaps related to mere (n.), or from root *mer- "todie," hence "dead land." Moor (n.) "North African, Berber," late 14c., from Old French More, from Medieval Latin Morus, from LatinMaurus "inhabitant of Mauritania" (northwest Africa, a region now corresponding to northern Algeriaand Morocco), from Greek Mauros, perhaps a native name, or else cognate with mauros "black" (but thisadjective only appears in late Greek and may as well be from the people's name as the reverse). Being adark people in relation to Europeans, their name in the Middle Ages was a synonym for "Negro;" later(16c.-17c.) used indiscriminately of Muslims (Persians, Arabs, etc.) but especially those in India.


63

Also related to:

mere (n.) Old English mere "sea, ocean; lake, pool, pond, cistern," from Proto-Germanic *mari (cognates: OldNorse marr, Old Saxon meri "sea," Middle Dutch maer, Dutch meer "lake, sea, pool," Old High Germanmari, German Meer "sea," Gothic marei "sea," mari-saiws "lake"), from PIE *mori- "sea" (cognates:Latin mare, Old Church Slavonic morje, Russian more, Lithuanian mares, Old Irish muir, Welsh mor"sea," Gaulish Are-morici "people living near the sea"). morass (n.) "wet, swampy tract," 1650s, from Dutch moeras "marsh, fen," from Middle Dutch marasch, from OldFrench marais "marsh," from Frankish, possibly from West Germanic *marisk, from Proto-Germanic*mariskaz "like a lake," from *mari "sea" (see mere (n.)). The word was influenced in Dutch by moer"moor" (see moor (n.)). Figurative use is attested from 1867. Replaced earlier mareis (early 14c.; seemarish). marish (n.) "a marsh," early 14c., mares, from Old French marois "marshland, bog" (12c., Modern French marais),from Frankish *marisk or some other Germanic source akin to marsh. marsh (n.) Old English mersc, merisc "marsh, swamp," from Proto-Germanic *marisko (cognates: Old Frisian andOld Saxon marsk "marsh," Middle Dutch mersch, Dutch mars, German Marsch, Danish marsk), probablyfrom Proto-Germanic *mari- "sea" (see mere (n.)).


64

“Neil”

ORIGINATED AS:

meri (መሪ) leader, chief (n.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: Niall - "champion" (see below) Neil surname and masc. proper name, from Gaelic/Old Irish Niall "champion." Picked up by the Vikings inIreland (as Njall), brought by them to Iceland and Norway, thence to France, from which place it wasintroduced in England at the Conquest. Incorrectly Latinized as Nigellus on mistaken association withniger "black," hence Nigel. Nigel masc. proper name; see Neil. Niger A river in West Africa Niger river (means great river) https://quizlet.com/73991331/sub-saharan-africa-flash-cards/ Compare with: mmeri - "champion" (Igbo) nla - "great, large" (Yoruba) The Niger is called Jeliba or Joliba "great river" in Manding; Orimiri or Orimili "great water" in Igbo;Egerew n-Igerewen "river of rivers" in Tuareg; Isa Ber "big river" in Songhay; Kwara in Hausa; and Oyain Yoruba… The earliest use of the name "Niger" for the river is by Leo Africanus in his Delladescrittione dell’Africa et delle cose notabili che iui sono published in Italian in 1550... MedievalEuropean maps applied the name Niger to the middle reaches of the river, in modern Mali... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_River#Etymology


65

ORIGINATED AS:

neAQ’i (ነዓቒ) superior, proud, vain (adj.) (Tigrigna) +

liQ’ (ሊቅ) sage, scholar, learned, intellecual, expert (n.) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Nicholas”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: nike "victory" (see below) + laikos "of the people"; scholars, especially schoolboys (see below) Nicholas masc. proper name, from French Nicolas, from Latin Nicholaus, Nicolaus, from Greek Nikholaos, literally "victory-people," from nike "victory" (see Nike) + laos "people" (see lay (adj.)). The saint (obit.326 C.E.) was a bishop of Myra in Lycia, patron of scholars, especially schoolboys. A popular givenname in England in Middle Ages, as was the fem. form Nicolaa, corresponding to French Nicole.Colloquial Old Nick "the devil" is attested from 1640s, evidently from the proper name, but for nocertain reason. lay (adj.) "uneducated; non-clerical," early 14c., from Old French lai "secular, not of the clergy" (Modern Frenchlaïaut;que), from Late Latin laicus, from Greek laikos "of the people," from laos "people," of unknownorigin. In Middle English, contrasted with learned, a sense revived 1810 for "non-expert."


66

“Oscar”

ORIGINATED AS:


Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: gar - "spear" (see below) Oscar masc. proper name, Old English Osgar "god's spear," from gar "spear" (see gar) + os "god" (only inpersonal names); see Aesir. The statuette awarded for excellence in film acting, directing, etc., given annually since, 1928, first socalled 1936. The name is said to have sprung from a 1931 remark by Margaret Herrick, secretary atAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, on seeing the statuette: "He reminds me of my UncleOscar." Thus the award would be named for Oscar Pierce, U.S. wheat farmer and fruit grower. gar (n.) pike-like fish, 1765, American English, shortening of garfish (mid-15c.), from fish (n.) + Middle Englishgare, gore "a spear," from Old English gar "spear," from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz "spear" (cognates: OldNorse geirr "spear; point of an anvil," Old Saxon, Old High German ger, German Ger "spear"), from PIE*ghaiso- "a stick, spear" (see goad (n.)). The fish so called for its long sharp snout. Compare Edgar,garlic.


67

ORIGINATED AS:

feT'ere (ፈጠረ) create (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Patrick”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: fæder - "he who begets a child” (see below) Patrick masc. proper name, from Old Irish Patraicc (Irish Padraig), from Latin Patricius, literally "a patrician"(see patrician). As a given name, chiefly in northern England and Scotland, in Ireland only a popularname after 1600, due probably to the Scots settlers in Ulster. [Reaney] patrician (n.) early 15c., "member of the ancient Roman noble order," from Middle French patricien, from Latinpatricius "of the rank of the nobles, of the senators; of fatherly dignity," from patres conscripti "Romansenators," literally "fathers," plural of pater "father" (see father (n.)). Contrasted, in ancient Rome, withplebeius. Applied to noble citizens and higher orders of free folk in medieval Italian and German cities(sense attested in English from 1610s); hence "nobleman, aristocrat" in a modern sense (1630s). As anadjective, attested from 1610s, from the noun. father (n.) Old English fæder "he who begets a child, nearest male ancestor;" also "any lineal male ancestor; theSupreme Being," and by late Old English, "one who exercises parental care over another," from Proto-Germanic *fader (cognates: Old Saxon fadar, Old Frisian feder, Dutch vader, Old Norse faðir, Old HighGerman fatar, German vater; in Gothic usually expressed by atta), from PIE *pəter- "father" (cognates:Sanskrit pitar-, Greek pater, Latin pater, Old Persian pita, Old Irish athir "father"), presumably frombaby-speak sound "pa." The ending formerly was regarded as an agent-noun affix.


68

“Paul”

ORIGINATED AS:

felaleye (ፈላለየ) separate (verb) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: fylja - "not many, a small number; seldom, even a little" (see below) Paul masc. proper name, Biblical name of the apostle to the Gentiles, from Latin Paulum (nominative Paulus),Roman surname of the Aemilian gens, literally "small," from PIE *pau-ro-lo-, from base *pau- (1) "few,little" (see few). Other forms include Old French Pol, Italian Paolo, Spanish Pablo, Russian Pavel. few (adj.) Old English feawe (plural; contracted to fea) "not many, a small number; seldom, even a little," fromProto-Germanic *faw- (cognates: Old Saxon fa, Old Frisian fe, Old High German fao, Old Norse far,Danish faa). This is from PIE root *pau- (1) "few, little" (cognates: Latin paucus "few, little," paullus "little," parvus"little, small," pauper "poor;" Greek pauros "few, little," pais (genitive paidos) "child;" Latin puer "child,boy," pullus "young animal;" Oscan puklu "child;" Sanskrit potah "a young animal," putrah "son;" OldEnglish fola "young horse;" Old Norse fylja "young female horse;" Old Church Slavonic puta "bird;"Lithuanian putytis "young animal, young bird"). Always plural in Old English, according to OED "on the analogy of the adverbial fela," meaning "many."Phrase few and far between attested from 1660s. Unusual ironic use in quite a few "many" (1854), earliera good few (1803).


69

ORIGINATED AS:

reji (ረጂ) aide, helper (n.) (Amarigna) +

heyl (ኀይል)/hayli (ሓይሊ) strength, power, force (noun) (Amarigna/Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Reynold”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: ragin - "counsel, might" (see below) + hard - "strength" (see below) Reynold masc. proper name, from Old French Reinald (Modern French Renaut, Latinized as Reginaldus), apopular name among the Normans, from Old High German Reginald, the first element related to reckon,the second to Old English wealdan "to rule" (see wield). Related: Reynolds. reckon (v.) c. 1200, recenen, from Old English gerecenian "to explain, relate, recount," from Proto-Germanic*(ga)rekenojan (cognates: Old Frisian rekenia, Middle Dutch and Dutch rekenen, Old High Germanrehhanon, German rechnen, Gothic rahnjan "to count, reckon"), from Proto-Germanic *rakina- "ready,straightforward," from PIE *reg- "to move in a straight line," with derivatives meaning "direct in astraight line, rule" (see regal). Intransitive sense "make a computation" is from c. 1300. In I reckon, the sense is "hold an impression oropinion," and the expression, used parenthetically, dates from c. 1600 and formerly was in literary use(Richardson, etc.), but came to be associated with U.S. Southern dialect and was regarded as provincialor vulgar. Related: Reckoned; reckoning. hard (adj.) Old English heard "solid and firm, not soft," also, "difficult to endure, carried on with great exertion,"also, of persons, "severe, rigorous, harsh, cruel," from Proto-Germanic *hardu- (cognates: Old Saxonhard, Old Frisian herd, Dutch hard, Old Norse harðr "hard," Old High German harto "extremely, very,"German hart, Gothic hardus "hard"), from PIE *kortu- (cognates: Greek kratos "strength," kratys"strong"), suffixed form of root *kar-/*ker- "hard."


70

“Richard”

ORIGINATED AS:

aleqa (Aለቃ) boss, supervisor, chief (n.) (Amarigna) +

heyl (ኀይል)/hayli (ሓይሊ) strength, power, force (noun) (Amarigna/Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: rik- "ruler" (see below) + hard - "strength" (see below) Richard masc. proper name, Middle English Rycharde, from Old French Richard, from Old High GermanRicohard "strong in rule," from Proto-Germanic *rik- "ruler" (see rich) + *harthu "hard," from PIE *kar-o- (see hard (adj.)). "One of the most popular names introduced by the Normans. Usually Latinized asRicardus, the common form was Ricard, whence the pet form Rick, etc." ["Dictionary of EnglishSurnames"] rich (adj.) Old English rice "strong, powerful; great, mighty; of high rank," in later Old English "wealthy," fromProto-Germanic *rikijaz (cognates: Old Norse rikr, Swedish rik, Danish rig, Old Frisian rike "wealthy,mighty," Dutch rijk, Old High German rihhi "ruler, powerful, rich," German reich "rich," Gothic reiks"ruler, powerful, rich"), borrowed from a Celtic source akin to Gaulish *rix, Old Irish ri (genitive rig)"king," from PIE root *reg- "move in a straight line," hence, "direct, rule" (see rex). The form of the word was influenced in Middle English by Old French riche "wealthy, magnificent,sumptuous," which is, with Spanish rico, Italian ricco, from Frankish *riki "powerful," or some othercognate Germanic source. Old English also had a noun, rice "rule, reign, power, might; authority; empire." The evolution of theword reflects a connection between wealth and power in the ancient world. Of food and colors, fromearly 14c.; of sounds, from 1590s. Sense of "entertaining, amusing" is recorded from 1760. The nounmeaning "the wealthy" was in Old English.


71

ORIGINATED AS:

wruy (ውሩይ) famous (adjective) (Tigrigna) +


Also related to:

“Robert”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: hrod - "fame, glory" (see below) + beorht - "bright" (see below) Robert masc. proper name, from Old North French form of Old High German Hrodberht "bright-fame, brightwith glory," from hrod- "fame, glory," from Proto-Germanic *hrothi-, + -berht "bright" (see Albert). Thename of William the Conqueror's rebellious oldest son. "It was introduced by Normans during the reignof Edward the Confessor and became very popular" ["Dictionary of English Surnames"]. Albert masc. proper name, from German (the French form is Aubert), from Old High German Adalbert, cognateof Old English Æþelbeorht "Noble-bright" (which was sometimes metathesized as Æþelbriht, hence thesurname Albright). Second element is from Proto-Germanic berhta- "bright," from PIE *bhereg- "toshine; bright, white" (see bright). It also figures in the names Egbert, Gilbert, Herbert, Hubert, Lambert.As a kind of watch chain, from 1861 (see Prince Albert). bright (adj.) Old English bryht, by metathesis from beorht "bright; splendid; clear-sounding; beautiful; divine," fromProto-Germanic *berhta- "bright" (cognates: Old Saxon berht, Old Norse bjartr, Old High Germanberaht, Gothic bairhts "bright"), from PIE root *bhereg- "to gleam, white" (cognates: Sanskrit bhrajate"shines, glitters," Lithuanian breksta "to dawn," Welsh berth "bright, beautiful"). Meaning "quick-witted"is from 1741.


72

“Roderick”

ORIGINATED AS:


reji (ረጂ) aide, helper (n.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: hruod - "fame, glory" (see below) + rikja - "counsel, might" (see below) Roderick also Roderic, masc. proper name, from Old High German Hroderich, literally "ruling in fame," fromhruod- "fame, glory" + Proto-Germanic *rikja "rule" (see rich). Italian and Spanish Rodrigo, RussianRurik are from German.


73

ORIGINATED AS:



Also related to:

“Roger”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: hruod - "fame, glory" (see below) + geri - "spear" (see below) Roger masc. proper name, from Old French Rogier, from Old High German Hrotger, literally "famous with thespear," from hruod- "fame, glory" + ger "spear" (see gar (n.)). As a generic name for "a person," attestedfrom 1630s. gar (n.) pike-like fish, 1765, American English, shortening of garfish (mid-15c.), from fish (n.) + Middle Englishgare, gore "a spear," from Old English gar "spear," from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz "spear" (cognates: OldNorse geirr "spear; point of an anvil," Old Saxon, Old High German ger, German Ger "spear"), from PIE*ghaiso- "a stick, spear" (see goad (n.)). The fish so called for its long sharp snout. Compare Edgar,garlic.


74

“Roland”

ORIGINATED AS:


lelna (ልእልና) sovereignty (n.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: hruod - "fame, glory" (see below) + llan - "territory marked by political boundaries, nation, country" (see below) Roland masc. proper name, from French, from Old High German Hrodland, literally "(having a) famous land."As legendary nephew of Charlemagne, celebrated in "Chanson de Roland," c. 1300. His comrade wasOliver, hence a Roland for an Oliver (1610s) in expressions meaning "to give as good as one gets, tit fortat."


75

ORIGINATED AS:



Also related to:

“Rupert”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: hruod - "fame, glory" (see below) + berht - "bright" (see below) Rupert masc. proper name, probably a blend of German Ruprecht and English Robert. Robert masc. proper name, from Old North French form of Old High German Hrodberht "bright-fame, brightwith glory," from hrod- "fame, glory," from Proto-Germanic *hrothi-, + -berht "bright" (see Albert). Thename of William the Conqueror's rebellious oldest son. "It was introduced by Normans during the reignof Edward the Confessor and became very popular" ["Dictionary of English Surnames"].


76

“Simon”

ORIGINATED AS:

sema (ሰማ)/sem'E (ሰምዐ) hear (v-perf.) (Amarigna, Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: shama - "he heard" (see below) Simon masc. proper name, from Latin, from Greek Symeon, from Hebrew Shim'on, literally "hearkening,hearing," from shama "he heard." In English Old Testaments, usually printed as Simeon, but in NewTestament almost always as Simon. Confused with Greek masc. proper name Simon, which is fromsimos "snub-nosed."


77

ORIGINATED AS:

astebabere (Aስተባበረ) bring together (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Stephen”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: stebh - "place firmly on, fasten" (see below) Stephen masc. proper name, from Latin Stephanus, from Greek Stephanos, from stephanos "crown, wreath,garland, chaplet; crown of victory," hence "victory, prize, honor, glory," properly "that whichsurrounds;" also used of the ring of spectators around a fight or the wall of a town, from stephein "toencircle, crown, wreathe, tie around," from PIE root *stebh- "post, stem; place firmly on, fasten" (seestep (v.)). Exclusively a monk's name in Old English, it became common after the Conquest. SaintStephen, stoned to death, was said to be Christianity's first martyr. step (v.) Old English steppan (Anglian), stæppan (West Saxon) "take a step," from West Germanic *stap- "tread"(cognates: Old Frisian stapa, Middle Dutch, Dutch stappen, Old High German stapfon, German stapfen"step"), from PIE root *stebh- "post, stem; to support, place firmly on" (see staff (n.); cognates: OldChurch Slavonic stopa "step, pace," stepeni "step, degree"). The notion is perhaps "a treading firmly on;a foothold." Transitive sense (as in step foot in) attested from 1530s. Related: Stepped; stepping. Originally strong(past tense stop, past participle bestapen); weak forms emerged 13c., universal from 16c. To step out"leave for a short time" is from 1530s; meaning "to go out in public in style" is from 1907. Step on it"hurry up" is 1923, from notion of gas pedal.


78

“Taylor”

ORIGINATED AS:

teleyaye (ተለያየ) to separate (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: 1. tailler - "to cut" (see below) 2. talea - "a slender stick, rod, staff; a cutting, twig" (see below) Taylor surname, attested from late 12c., variant of tailor. tailor (n.) c. 1300, from Anglo-French tailour, Old French tailleor "tailor," also "stone-mason" (13c., ModernFrench tailleur), literally "a cutter," from tailler "to cut," from Late Latin or old Medieval Latin taliare "tosplit" (compare Medieval Latin taliator vestium "a cutter of clothes"), from Latin talea "a slender stick,rod, staff; a cutting, twig." Although historically the tailor is the cutter, in the trade the 'tailor' is the man who sews or makes upwhat the 'cutter' has shaped. [OED] The post-Latin sense development would be "piece of a plant cut for grafting," hence a verb, "cut ashoot," then, generally, "to cut." Possible cognates include Sanskrit talah "wine palm," Old Lithuaniantalokas "a young girl," Greek talis "a marriageable girl" (for sense, compare slip of a girl, twiggy),Etruscan Tholna, name of the goddess of youth.


79

ORIGINATED AS:

taye (ታየ) be seen, be watched, appear (v-perf.) (Amarigna) +

Adele (ዓደለ) supply, distribute, deliver, dispense (verb) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Theodore”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: theos - "god" (see below) + dare - "to give, grant, offer" (see below) Theodore masc. proper name, from Latin Theodorus, from Greek Theodoros, literally "gift of god," from theos"god" (see theo-) + doron "gift" (see date (n.1)). The fem. form is Theodora. theo- word-forming element meaning "god, gods, God," from comb. form of Greek theos "god," from PIE root*dhes-, root of words applied to various religious concepts, such as Latin feriae "holidays," festus"festive," fanum "temple." date (n.1) "time," early 14c., from Old French date (13c.) "date, day; time," from Medieval Latin data, noun use offem. singular of Latin datus "given," past participle of dare "to give, grant, offer," from PIE root *do- "togive" (cognates: Sanskrit dadati "gives," danam "offering, present;" Old Persian dadatuv "let him give,"Old Church Slavonic dati "give," dani "tribute;" Latin donum "gift;" Greek didomi, didonai, "to give,offer," doron "gift;" Lithuanian duonis "gift," Old Irish dan "gift, endowment, talent," Welsh dawn"gift").


80

“Thomas”

ORIGINATED AS:

eT'f (Eጥፍ)/ ET'f (Eጥፍ) double (adj.) (Amarigna/Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: tvau - "two" (see below) Thomas masc. proper name, from Greek Thomas, of Aramaic origin and said to mean "a twin" (John's gospelrefers to Thomas as ho legomenos didymos "called the twin;" compare Syriac toma "twin," Arabictau'am "twin"). Before the Conquest, found only as the name of a priest, but after 1066, one of the mostcommon given names in English. Also see Tom, Tommy. two (adj.) Old English twa "two," fem. and neuter form of twegen "two" (see twain), from Proto-Germanic *twa(cognates: Old Saxon and Old Frisian twene, twa, Old Norse tveir, tvau, Dutch twee, Old High Germanzwene, zwo, German zwei, Gothic twai), from PIE *duwo, variant of dwo "two" (cognates: Sanskritdvau, Avestan dva, Greek duo, Latin duo, Old Welsh dou, Lithuanian dvi, Old Church Slavonic duva"two," first element in Hittite ta-ugash "two years old").


81

ORIGINATED AS:

awedeme (Aወደመ) demolish, sacrifice (v-perf.) (Amarigna) +

taye (ታየ) be seen, be watched, appear (v-perf.) (Amarigna)

Also related to:

“Timothy”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: di-mon - "cut up, divide" (see below) + theos - "god" Timothy masc. proper name, from French Timothée, from Latin Timotheus, from Greek Timotheos, literally"honoring God," from time "honor, respect" (see timocracy) + theos "god" (see theo-). time (n.) Old English tima "limited space of time," from Proto-Germanic *timon- "time" (cognates: Old Norsetimi "time, proper time," Swedish timme "an hour"), from PIE *di-mon-, suffixed form of root *da- "cutup, divide" (see tide (n.)). timocracy (n.) 1580s, from Middle French tymocracie, from Medieval Latin timocratia (13c.), from Greek timokratia,from time "honor, worth" (related to tiein "to place a value on, to honor," from PIE *kwi-ma-, suffixedform of root *kweie- (1) "to value, honor") + -kratia "rule" (see -cracy). In Plato's philosophy, a form ofgovernment in which ambition for honor and glory motivates the rulers (as in Sparta). In Aristotle, aform of government in which political power is in direct proportion to property ownership. Related:Timocratic; timocratical. theo- word-forming element meaning "god, gods, God," from comb. form of Greek theos "god," from PIE root*dhes-, root of words applied to various religious concepts, such as Latin feriae "holidays," festus"festive," fanum "temple."


82

“Vincent”

ORIGINATED AS:

weg'e (ወግእ) fight(verb) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: weik - "to fight, conquer" (see below) Vincent masc. proper name, from French, shortened from Latin Vincentius, from vincentem (nominative vincens)"conquering," from vincere "to overcome" (see victor). The name of a 3c. martyr, it was introduced inEngland c. 1200. victor (n.) mid-14c., from Anglo-French, Old French victor "conqueror," and directly from Latin victorem(nominative victor) "a conqueror," agent noun from past participle stem of vincere "to conquer,overcome, defeat," from PIE root *weik- (5) "to fight, conquer" (cognates: Lithuanian apveikiu "tosubdue, overcome," Old Church Slavonic veku "strength, power, age," Old Norse vigr "able in battle,"Old English wigan "fight," Welsh gwych "brave, energetic," Old Irish fichim "I fight," second element inCeltic Ordovices "those who fight with hammers"). Fem. formations include victrice (late 14c.), victress(c. 1600), victrix (1650s).


83

ORIGINATED AS:

qelete (ቀለተ) assist, support (v-perf.) +

halawi (ሓላዊ) sentry, watchman, escort, guard (noun) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

“Walter”

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: gualtier - "power" (see below) + hari - "host, army" (see below) Walter masc. proper name, from Old North French Waltier (Old French Gualtier, Modern French Gautier), ofGermanic origin and cognate with Old High German Walthari, Walthere, literally "ruler of the army,"from waltan "to rule" (see wield) + hari "host, army" (see harry). Walter Mitty (1939) is from titlecharacter in "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" by U.S. short story writer James Thurber (1894-1961). wield (v.) Old English weldan (Mercian), wieldan, wealdan (West Saxon) "have power over, compel, tame,subdue" (class VII strong verb; past tense weold, past participle gewealden), merged with weak verbwyldan, both from Proto-Germanic *waldan "to rule" (cognates: Old Saxon and Gothic waldan, OldFrisian walda "to govern, rule," Old Norse valda "to rule, wield, to cause," Old High German waltan,German walten "to rule, govern"). The Germanic words and cognates in Balto-Slavic (Old Church Slavonic vlado "to rule," vlasti "power,"Russian vladeti "to reign, rule, possess, make use of," Lithuanian veldu "to rule, possess") probably arefrom PIE *woldh-, extended form of root *wal- "to be strong, to rule" (see valiant). Related: Wielded;wielding. harry (v.) Old English hergian "make war, lay waste, ravage, plunder," the word used in the Anglo-SaxonChronicle for what the Vikings did to England, from Proto-Germanic *harjon (cognates: Old Frisianurheria "lay waste, ravage, plunder," Old Norse herja "to make a raid, to plunder," Old Saxon and Old


84

“William”

ORIGINATED AS:

wEl (ውEል) agreement, consent (noun) (Tigrigna) +

halewa (ሓለዋ) protection (n.) (Tigrigna)

Also related to:

BECAME IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES: willa - "mind, determination, purpose; desire" (see below) + helmaz - "protective covering" (see below) William masc. proper name, from Old North French Willaume, Norman form of French Guillaume, of Germanicorigin (cognates: Old High German Willahelm, German Wilhelm), from willio "will" (see will (n.)) +helma "helmet," from Proto-Germanic *helmaz "protective covering" (see helm (n.2)). After theConquest, the most popular given name in England until supplanted by John. will (n.) Old English will, willa "mind, determination, purpose; desire, wish, request; joy, delight," from Proto-Germanic *wiljon- (cognates: Old Saxon willio, Old Norse vili, Old Frisian willa, Dutch wil, Old HighGerman willio, German Wille, Gothic wilja "will"), related to *willan "to wish" (see will (v.1)). Themeaning "written document expressing a person's wishes about disposition of property after death" isfirst recorded late 14c. helm (n.2) "a helmet," c.1200, from Old English helm "protection, covering; crown, helmet," and perhaps also fromcognate Old Norse hjalmr, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz "protective covering," from PIE *kel- (2) "tocover, to hide" (see cell). Italian elmo, Spanish yelmo are from Germanic.


85

Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Male Names

Education

Transcript of Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Male Names