Human Anatomy and Physiology II Lab

Life Sciences 241 L

Objectives

• Syllabus

• Lab 1 - Cardiovascular system (Heart)– Anatomical orientation– Composition of cardiovascular system and

position of the heart– Layers of the heart– Heart chambers, valves, and vessels– Flow of Blood Through the Heart

Course Guideline

• Outline of labs

• Texts required

• Attendance

• Grading policy

Cardiovascular System Heart Anatomy

Lab 1

Anatomical orientation• Anatomical Planes

– frontal (coronal), sagital, transverse

• Proximal vs distal

• Anterior vs posterior

• Superior vs inferior

• Medial vs lateral

• Superfical vs deep

• Ipsilateral vs contralateral

Anatomical Planes

Proximal vs Distal

Anterior vs Posterior

Superior vs Inferior

Proximal

Distal

Posterior Anterior

Superior

Inferior

Medial vs Lateral Superficial vs Deep

Ipsilateral vs Contralateral

Medial Lateral Deep

Superficial

Ipsilateral Contralateral

The cardiovascular system

• Heart

• Blood vessels– arteries– veins– capillaries

• Blood

Anatomical Position of the Heart

• What organs or tissues are around the heart?– Anterior?– Posterior?– Left?– Right?– Superior?– Inferior?

Anatomical Position of the Heart

Layers of the HeartSuperficial

Deep

Layers of the Heart

• Endocardium– deepest layer of the heart

– smooth lining to reduce friction of bloodflow

• Myocardium– middle layer of the heart

– location of muscle fibers responsible for pumping

• Pericardium– outer protective layer

– composed of :

– visceral pericardium

– paricardial cavity

– parietal pericardium

Cardiac Chambers

RightVentricle

RightAtrium

LeftAtrium

LeftVentricle

Heart Chambers

• Atriums– Receives blood from

veins

– Empties blood into ventricles through the AV valves.

– Smaller, sac-like chambers of the heart

• Ventricles– Receives blood from

atriums through AV valves

– Pumps blood away from heart through the semilunar valves.

– Large, muscular chambers of the heart.

Blood Vessels Connected to the HeartAorta

Pulmonaryarteries

Pulmonaryviens

SuperiorVena Cava

InferiorVena Cava

Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart

• Superior Vena Cava– collects deoxygenated blood from upper body and

delivers it to right atrium

• Inferior Vena Cava– collects deoxygenated blood from lower body and

delivers it to right atrium

• Aorta– carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the

rest of the body

Systematic circuit

Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart

• Pulmonary arteries– carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right

ventricle

• Pulmonary veins– carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left

atrium

Pulmonary circuit

Valves

Pulmonarysemilunar valve

Aorticsemilunar valve

Left AV(bicuspid)valve

Right AV(tricuspid)valve

Chordaitendineae

Papillarymuscle

Valves of the Heart

• Right AV (Tricuspid)– separates the right atrium

from the right ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium.

• Left AV (Bicuspid)– separates the left atrium

from the left ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium.

• Pulmonary valve– separates the right

ventricle from the pulmonary arteries. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction.

• Aortic valve– separates the left ventricle

from the aorta. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction .

Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves

Heart Valve

Blood Flow Through the Heart

Summary

• Introduction

• Anatomical Orientation

• Cardiovascular System

• Heart Anatomy

• Blood Flow through the Heart

• Take home assignment

• Next week - Blood Vessels