ALTUS Net Oil Computer Manual - Emerson Electric · ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual May 2000...
Transcript of ALTUS Net Oil Computer Manual - Emerson Electric · ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual May 2000...
ALTUS™
Net Oil Computer Manual
May 2000
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ALTUS™
Net Oil Computer Manual
For technical assistance, phone the Micro Motion Customer Service Department:• In the U.S.A., phone 1-800-522-6277, 24 hours• Outside the U.S.A., phone 303-530-8400, 24 hours• In Europe, phone +31 (0) 318 549 443• In Asia, phone (65) 770-8155
Copyright ©1998, Micro Motion, Inc. All rights reserved.
Micro Motion, ELITE, and BASIS are registered trademarks, and ALTUS is a trademark of Micro Motion, Inc., Boulder, Colorado. Hastelloy is a registered trademark of Haynes International, Inc., Kokomo Indiana. Inconel is a registered trademark of Inco Alloys International, Inc., Huntington, West Virginia. Teflon is a registered trademark of E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co., Inc., Wilmington, Delaware.
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ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual i
Contents
1 Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 About this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Application software described in this manual. . . . . . . 11.3 Introduction to the ALTUS™ NOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Replacing an older NOC and transmitter. . . . . . . . . . . 1Water cut determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1NOC capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Installation Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 Piping arrangement and ancillary equipment . . . . . . . 32.2 Sensor installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Sensor orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Avoiding inaccurate flow counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Flow direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Using the Person-Process Interface . . . . . . . . . . 93.1 Person-Process Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.2 Security button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.3 Function buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.4 Cursor control buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.1 Recording the configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.2 Configuration sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Step 1 Configure well performance measurements . . . . . . . . 15
Mode of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Units of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Well data-densities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Compensations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Step 2 Configure system data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Step 3 Configure inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Flow variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Density inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Sensor calibration data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Sensor information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Step 4 Configure outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Discrete outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Milliamp outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Pulse output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
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Contents continued
5 Using the View Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435.1 Accessing the view menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435.2 Well performance measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Continuous mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Well test mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.3 Process totalizers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.4 Inventory totalizers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465.5 Active alarm log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.6 LCD options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.7 Diagnostic monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.8 Applications list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.9 Power outage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6 Continuous Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.1 Continuous mode configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.2 Startup and display test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.3 Process monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.4 Accessing continuous mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.5 Viewing production measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506.6 Quick view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526.7 Pause and resume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526.8 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
7 Well Test Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.1 Well test mode configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.2 Startup and display test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.3 Process monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.4 Accessing well test mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.5 Conducting a well test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567.6 Stopping and continuing a well test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587.7 Viewing performance measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.8 Viewing performance measurements for the
current test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617.9 Viewing previous well tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
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ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual iii
Contents continued
8 Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678.1 Alarm messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Responding to alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67NOC alarm messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Transmitter alarm messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Alarms that do not generate fault outputs . . . . . . . . . 69Fault outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Critical status fault alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Transmitter failure fault alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Fault alarms requiring troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . 75Active alarm log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
8.2 Customer service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788.3 Setting outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Setting discrete outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Setting milliamp outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Setting the frequency output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
8.4 Density calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Density unit for calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Duplicating the factory calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Duplicating a previous calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Two-point density calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
9 Laboratory Determination of Dry Oil and Produced Water Densities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
9.1 Reasons for using live oil density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879.2 Laboratory density measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Taking a sample from the flow line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Processing sample and measuring densities . . . . . . 91
10 In-Line Determination of Live Oil andProduced Water Densities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
10.1 Reasons for using live oil density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9310.2 In-line density determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Density determination procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Measuring and saving the water density . . . . . . . . . . 94Manually entering the water density . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Measuring and saving the oil density . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Entering the water cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
11 Sensitivity Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10711.1 Error factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10711.2 Individual sensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10711.3 Overall uncertainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
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Contents continued
12 Software Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11112.1 View menu in well test mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11112.2 View menu in continuous mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11212.3 Configuration menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11312.4 Maintenance menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
AppendixesAppendix A ALTUS™ NOC Software Configuration
Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Appendix B Return Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
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Contents continued
FiguresFigure 1-1 Water cut calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Figure 2-1 Typical installation, Micro Motion® sensor and
NOC with 3-phase separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Figure 2-2 Typical installation, Micro Motion® sensor and
NOC with 2-phase separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Figure 2-3 Sensor in horizontal pipe run,
tubes downward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Figure 2-4 Sensor in vertical pipe run. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Figure 3-1 Person-Process Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Figure 3-2 Pressing security button, security disabled . . . . . . . 10Figure 3-3 Pressing security button, security enabled . . . . . . . 10Figure 3-4 Function buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Figure 3-5 Cursor control buttons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Figure 4-1 Effect of transient bubbles on density . . . . . . . . . . . 22Figure 4-2 Holding at last measured density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Figure 4-3 Correction of density readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Figure 4-4 Flow calibration values on sensor serial
number tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Figure 4-5 D1 and D2 on sensor serial number tag . . . . . . . . . 30Figure 4-6 K1 and K2 on sensor serial number tag . . . . . . . . . 31Figure 4-7 K1 and K2 values from comments section . . . . . . . 32Figure 4-8 K1 and K2 values from second page . . . . . . . . . . . 32Figure 4-9 FD and dens temp coeff on sensor serial
number tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Figure 5-1 Using buttons in the view menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Figure 6-1 Process monitor mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Figure 7-1 Process monitor mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Figure 8-1 Model 3500 sensor wiring terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Figure 8-2 Model 3700 sensor wiring terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Figure 9-1 Sample port for laboratory density
measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Figure 9-2 Laboratory sampling procedure using
water-filled cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Figure 9-3 Laboratory sampling procedure using
empty cylinder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Figure 9-4 Laboratory density measurement system,
low pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Figure 9-5 Laboratory density measurement system,
high pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Figure 10-1 Stratification with no flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Figure 10-2 Diameter and length of cylindrical vessel . . . . . . . . 97Figure 10-3 Taking a water sample from the separator . . . . . . . 101Figure 10-4 Using a hygrometer to measure water density . . . . 101Figure 10-5 Taking an oil sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
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Contents continued
TablesTable 4-1 Densities and deviations for continuous mode . . . . 18Table 4-2 Well data for well test mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Table 4-3 Transient bubble remediation parameters . . . . . . . . 23Table 4-4 System parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Table 4-5 Flow variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Table 4-6 Density inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Table 4-7 Temperature inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Table 4-8 Flow calibration values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Table 4-9 D1 and D2 density values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Table 4-10 K1 and K2 tube period values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Table 4-11 FD and dens temp coeff values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Table 4-12 Nominal FD values for sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Table 4-13 Temperature calibration values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Table 4-14 Sensor information variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Table 4-15 Discrete output 1 power sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Table 4-16 Discrete output assignment variables . . . . . . . . . . . 36Table 4-17 Fault conditions and settings for
milliamp outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Table 4-18 Process variables for milliamp outputs . . . . . . . . . . 38Table 4-19 Calibration span variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Table 4-20 Pulse output variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Table 6-1 Continuous production measurements . . . . . . . . . . 51Table 7-1 Performance measurements for
current well test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Table 7-2 Performance measurements for
previous well tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Table 8-1 Using NOC alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Table 8-2 Using slug flow alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Table 8-3 Using output saturation alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Table 8-4 Using totalizer alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Table 8-5 Using calibration and trim alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Table 8-6 Using conditional status alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Table 8-7 Fault output levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Table 8-8 Configurations for fault outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Table 8-9 Using critical status fault alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Table 8-10 Using transmitter failure fault alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Table 8-11 Troubleshooting excessive drive gain . . . . . . . . . . . 75Table 8-12 Nominal resistance ranges for
flowmeter circuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Table 8-13 Troubleshooting sensor error fault alarms . . . . . . . . 77Table 8-14 Density of air in grams per cubic centimeter . . . . . . 84Table 8-15 Maximum flow rates for high-density
calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Table 8-16 Density of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Table 9-1 Laboratory equipment for determining live oil
and produced water densities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Table 10-1 Approximate capacity of cylindrical vessels. . . . . . 97Table 10-2 Approximate capacity of spherical ends . . . . . . . . 97Table 11-1 Uncertainty factors for percent water cut and
percent net oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
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ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual 1
Configuration
Using the V
iew M
enuC
ontinuous Mode
Before You B
eginInstallation C
onsiderationsU
sing the Person-P
rocess Interface
1 Before You Begin
1.1 About this manual This manual explains how to configure, operate, and maintain the ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer (NOC). This manual does not explain installation or wiring. For information about installation and wiring, see the ALTUS Installation Manual.
1.2 Application software described in this manual
This manual pertains to software menus that enable operation, configuration, and maintenance of the NOC.• The ALTUS applications platform has software functions that do not
pertain to the NOC.• For information about software functions that are not described in
this manual, refer to the installation and detailed setup manuals for the applications platform.
1.3 Introduction to the ALTUS™ NOC
The ALTUS NOC works with a Micro Motion® sensor to produce real-time measurements of water cut, net oil volume flow, and net water volume flow. The NOC measures full-stream mass flow and volumetric flow at rates from a few barrels to more than 100,000 barrels per day.
Replacing an older NOC and transmitter
If an ALTUS NOC is installed as a replacement for an older Micro Motion Net Oil Computer and RFT9739 or RFT9712 transmitter, power-supply and output wiring does not need to be replaced. Because transmitter software is included with the ALTUS NOC, a transmitter is not required.
Water cut determination The NOC calculates water cut from the following equation:
Where:De = Emulsion densityDo = Oil densityDw = Water density
Figure 1-1 , page 2, shows how water cut is calculated by the NOC. The operator enters the oil and water densities at the reference temperature (60°F in Figure 1-1 ). The Micro Motion sensor measures the fluid temperature (100°F in Figure 1-1 ). The NOC extrapolates the densities to the operating temperature, using an API equation for oil and a Chevron Research equation for produced water. The water cut equation is solved at operating temperature, then referenced back to 60°F. Using water cut, mass flow rate, and net oil and water densities, the NOC calculates net oil, net water, and gross flow at reference temperature.
Water cutDe Do–
Dw Do–---------------------=
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Before You Begin continued
Figure 1-1. Water cut calculation
NOC capabilities The NOC can operate in continuous mode or well test mode:• In continuous mode, the NOC can continuously monitor a well,
separator, or pipeline.• In well test mode, the NOC can perform a well test on any of up to 48
different wells. Well performance data for the test that is in progress or for previous tests can be viewed during the test.
The NOC nonvolatile memory archives data acquired during the last three well tests. The NOC resumes testing if a power failure or shutoff interrupts the test that is in progress. The last three power outages are recorded with power-on and power-off time/date stamps.
The NOC has three discrete outputs, two milliamp outputs, and a pulse output:• Discrete output 1 can be an alarm for transient bubble remediation.• Discrete output 2 indicates net oil. It produces 10 output pulses per
barrel or 10 output pulses per cubic meter of net oil.• Discrete output 3 indicates net water. It produces 10 output pulses
per barrel or 10 output pulses per cubic meter of net water.• Milliamp output 1 can indicate any measured variable.• Milliamp output 2 can indicate any measured variable.• The pulse output can represent a flow variable.
The NOC can remediate density readings to compensate for the presence of transient bubbles in the sensor. If erratic density resulting from transient bubbles causes sensor drive gain to exceed the programmed value, the NOC can be programmed to respond in one of three ways:• The NOC can hold the density value that was measured at a
specified time before transient bubbles were detected.• The NOC can produce an alarm indicating the presence of transient
bubbles. The alarm can be assigned to discrete output 1.• The NOC can stop the well test that is in progress.
Water cutDe Do–
Dw Do–---------------------=
Produced water density
Crude oil density
Temperature (°F)
60° 90° 100° 120° 150°
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
Den
sity
(g/
cc)
Produced water density entered in NOC
Crude oil density entered in NOC
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ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual 3
Configuration
Using the V
iew M
enuC
ontinuous Mode
Before You B
eginInstallation C
onsiderationsU
sing the Person-P
rocess Interface
2 Installation Considerations
2.1 Piping arrangement and ancillary equipment
Figure 2-1 , page 4, shows a typical installation of a sensor and an NOC when a 3-phase test separator is used.
Figure 2-2 , page 4, shows a typical installation of a sensor and an NOC when a 2-phase test separator is used.
Adhere to the following general guidelines:• Design and size the test separator to ensure complete separation of
the entrained gas from the liquid phase.• Size the Coriolis sensor so that at maximum liquid flow, pressure
drop is less than 3 psi.• Install the sensor as far below the test separator as possible.• Install the sensor upstream from the dump valve .• Balance any sensor pressure drop with hydrostatic head, measured
from the lowest level in the separator down to the sensor inlet. Rule of thumb: pressure drop should be about 0.4 psi per foot.
• If the liquid temperature is significantly different from the ambient temperature, thermally insulate or heat trace the sensor and upstream pipe to minimize paraffin coating and transient temperature at the start of dumping periods.
• Install a meter proving loop, if required.• Install a static mixer and sampling port for calibration and verification
purposes. Locate the static mixer and sampling port downstream from the sensor and the proving loop connections.
• Make sure the dump valve is capable of regulating back pressure and controlling the liquid flow rate.
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Figure 2-1. Typical installation, Micro Motion® sensor and NOC with 3-phase separator
Figure 2-2. Typical installation, Micro Motion® sensor and NOC with 2-phase separator
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ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual 5
Installation Considerations continued
Configuration
Using the V
iew M
enuC
ontinuous Mode
Before You B
eginInstallation C
onsiderationsU
sing the Person-P
rocess Interface
2.2 Sensor installation Install the sensor according to the appropriate sensor instruction manual.
Sensor orientation If possible, mount the sensor with its flow tubes downward in a horizontal pipe run, as shown in Figure 2-3 .
If necessary to prevent sand or other solid particles from accumulating in the flow tubes, or to accommodate existing vertical piping, mount the sensor in a vertical pipe run, as shown in Figure 2-4 . The oil/water interface should flow upward through the pipeline.
Figure 2-3. Sensor in horizontal pipe run, tubes downward
Figure 2-4. Sensor in vertical pipe run
Flow direction
Flo
w d
irect
ion
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Installation Considerations continued
Avoiding inaccurate flow counts
Because the crude oil in the separator is at an equilibrium condition, any pressure reduction can cause the solution gas (i.e., the light end components) to break out from the saturated crude oil.
Even a seemingly small amount of free gas in the liquid phase can result in substantial measurement errors in water cut and net oil. (See pages 107-109 to estimate the effect of free gas).
The amount of gas that is produced varies, and depends on the properties of the crude oil and the operating conditions.
To prevent formation of solution gas in the flowmeter, the following criterion should be followed:
Where:Pg = Static head pressure of liquid, measured from liquid level at
separator to sensor inletPp = Frictional pressure loss of flow line, from test separator to
sensor inletPm = Pressure drop across sensor
Detailed pressure drop calculations are strongly recommended during design and installation of the piping system.
CAUTION
Settling of the oil/water interface in a sensor can cause the flowmeter to indicate flow when there is no flow.
• To avoid inaccurate flow counts, program a low flow cutoff. To program a low flow cutoff, see page 25.
• Settling of the oil/water interface is more likely to occur if the sensor is mounted in a vertical pipe run than if the sensor is mounted in a horizontal pipe run.
Pg Pp Pm+>
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The following general guidelines are suggested:• To maximize the static head gain (Pg), install the sensor as far below
the test separator as possible.• Note that 1 psi (6.9 kPa) of static head gain results from 28 inches of
water column.• To minimize the frictional head loss (Pp), install the sensor as near as
possible to the test separator, and use larger-diameter connecting pipes. Minimize use of piping elements such as tees, elbows, and reducing unions.
• Install sampling ports, static mixer, proving connections, dump valve, back pressure regulator, or other flow-restricting devices downstream from the sensor. A full-port valve should be considered if a cutoff valve must be installed between the separator and the sensor.
• Whenever possible, frictional pressure loss should be less than 3 psi (20.7 kPa) at the maximum anticipated flow rate.
• To minimize pressure drop across the sensor (Pm), install a larger sensor. Pressure drop across the sensor should be less than 3 psi (20.7 kPa) at the maximum anticipated flow rate.
• In some environments, extremely tight emulsion occurs. Extremely tight emulsion can make removal of entrained gas difficult, even with a large separator. Using a suitable demulsifier chemical to break down the emulsion is a possible method of alleviating this problem.
If the sensor is installed directly at the wellhead, (i.e., if a test separator is not used), the line pressure at the sensor should be maintained above the crude oil bubble point pressure.
2.3 Flow direction The sensor measures accurately regardless of flow direction. The arrow on the sensor housing indicates normal forward flow direction. Refer to the ALTUS Detailed Setup Manual for directions about setting the NOC to indicate forward flow, reverse flow, or forward and reverse flow.
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3 Using the Person-Process Interface
3.1 Person-Process Interface Figure 3-1 shows the Person-Process Interface. Use the interface to:• Configure the NOC• Monitor and control the application• Perform maintenance and diagnostic tasks
Figure 3-1. Person-Process Interface
Cursor control buttons
Security button
Backlitdisplay
Function buttons
DEVICE 1
Volume Flow4,352.33bpd
Volume Total56,485.88bbl
NEXT PRINT VIEW
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3.2 Security button The security button is in the lower right of the interface, marked by an icon of a padlock.• If security is disabled, press the security button to access the main
menu. See Figure 3-2 .• If security has been enabled, you will be prompted to enter a
password. See Figure 3-3 .• To enable security, see the ALTUS Detailed Setup Manual.
You can use the security button to return to the main menu or password entry screen. Press the security button once to return to:• The main menu, shown in Figure 3-2 , if security is disabled• The password entry screen, shown in Figure 3-3 , if security is
enabled
At the main menu or password entry screen, press EXIT to return to the operation screen.
Figure 3-2. Pressing security button, security disabled
Figure 3-3. Pressing security button, security enabled
DEVICE 1
Volume Flow
4,532.33bpd
Mass Total56,485.88bbl
NEXT PRINT VIEW
DEVICE 1
ConfigurationMaintenanceSecurityLanguage
SEL HELP EXIT
DEVICE 1
Volume Flow
4,532.33bpd
Mass Total56,485.88bbl
NEXT PRINT VIEW
Enter Password
SEL HELP EXIT
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3.3 Function buttons The pushbuttons below the display are the function buttons. The action each button performs appears on the display just above the button. Figure 3-4 reviews the functions that are assigned to each button.
Figure 3-4. Function buttons
DEVICE 1
ConfigurationMaintenanceSecurity
SEL HELP EXIT
VIEW Access the view menuACK Acknowledge an alarm messageEXIT Return to the previous screenNO Cancel action
START • Start well test• Start averaging oil or water densities
STOP • Stop well test• Stop averaging oil or water densities
CLEAR Clear all displayed valuesRESET Reset totalPAUSE • Pause counting of all displayed totals
• Pause performance measurementsRESUME • Resume counting of all displayed totals
• Resume production measurementsSEL Select the highlighted optionCHG Make a change to the highlighted optionSAVE Save a changeENTER Enter a passwordYES Proceed with actionOK Proceed with actionNEXT • Scroll to next screen
• At the last screen, scroll to the first screen• Test the next well in the sequence
RETURN Return to well test screenPGDN Page down to next help screen
HELP Show a help screenRESET Reset totalSTART Start a new well testVIEW View performance measurements for a
well that is being testedPRINT Send a ticket to a printerPGUP Page up to previous help screen
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3.4 Cursor control buttons Actions performed by the function buttons apply to the item at the cursor.
Figure 3-5 , page 13, shows a typical configuration sequence involving both a menu item and a variable edit item. Pressing HELP produces a screen that has help for the item at the cursor.
MenusEach menu includes a list of items.• The cursor is a reverse-video highlight bar.• Use the up or down arrow buttons to locate the cursor at the menu
item you want to select or change.• After locating the cursor at the desired menu item, press CHG or the
right cursor button to select the item.
ItemsAfter a menu item has been selected, the cursor enables you to enter or change the selected item:• The cursor is an underscore character, which is located under a
character.• If the item has a value of Yes or No, all arrows toggle between the
two choices. Otherwise, press the up and down arrow buttons to increase or decrease the value of the character at the cursor.
• If the item has more than one digit or character (like the oil density in the example), press the left and right arrow buttons to move the cursor to the next or previous character.
• When the value is correct, press SAVE.• If you wish to cancel the change, press EXIT. The interface returns to
the previous screen without saving the changes.
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Figure 3-5. Cursor control buttons
Well Data-Densities↓
Oil Density0.9000 g/cc
Water Density1.1000 g/cc
Oil Deviation0.0005 g/cc
Water Deviation0.0005 g/cc
SAVE EXIT
Well Data-Densities↓
Oil Density0.9000 g/cc
Water Density1.1000 g/cc
Oil Deviation0.0005 g/cc
Water Deviation0.0005 g/cc
CHG HELP EXIT
Move cursor up/Scroll up
Move cursor down/Scroll down
EXIT
Cursor is ahighlight bar
Increase value at cursor or toggle YES/NO
Decrease value at cursor or toggle YES/NO
Item
Indicates itemsavailable to scroll
Cursor is anunderscore
Menu
Move cursor to left or toggle YES/NO
Move cursor to right or toggle YES/NO
SELECT
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4 Configuration
4.1 Recording the configuration
While you are configuring the NOC, record configuration parameters in the NOC configuration record (Appendix A ).
4.2 Configuration sequence Failure to perform configuration tasks in the proper sequence could result in an incomplete or flawed configuration. Perform configuration tasks in the following sequence:1. Configure well performance measurements.2. Configure system data.3. Configure inputs.4. Configure outputs.
Step 1 Configure well performance measurements
Well performance measurements include the following parameters:• Mode of operation• Units of measurement• Well data – densities• Compensations
CAUTION
Selecting configuration will interrupt measurement and control functions. All outputs will go to their configured fault settings.
Set control devices for manual operation before accessing configuration menus.
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Mode of operation
To set the mode of operation:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Well Performance Meas.d. Select Mode of Operation.e. Select Continuous Mode or Well Test mode, then
press SAVE.
Units of measurement The units of measurement menu allows you to select a reference temperature for measuring net oil and net water.
To select a unit of temperature, see page 27.
To select a unit of volume flow, see page 25.
Mode of Operation
Continuous ModeWell Test Mode
SAVE EXIT
ConfigurationWell performance meas
Mode of operation
CAUTION
Changing the mode of operation will erase all stored test data.
To avoid erasing test data, do not change the mode of operation during a well test.
CAUTION
Changing reference temperature changes the indicated standard volumes and reference densities.
If the reference temperature is changed, change oil and water reference density values.
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To select the reference temperature:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Well Performance Meas.d. Select Units of Measurement.e. Select the desired reference temperature, then
press SAVE.
The reference temperature that is currently being used is always the one that is highlighted.
Well data-densities Continuous modeTo enter oil and water densities and deviations for continuous mode:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Well Performance Meas.d. Select Well Data-Densities.e. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure the parameters that are listed in Table 4-1 , page 18.
Units of Measurement
60 degF15 degC20 degC
SAVE EXIT
ConfigurationWell performance meas
Units of measurement
Well Data-Densities↓
Oil Density0.9000 g/cc
Water Density1.1000 g/cc
Oil Deviation0.0005 g/cc
Water Deviation0.0005 g/cc
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationWell performance meas
Well data-densities
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Oil and water densities, deviations, and duration averages are described in the chapter that explains density determination (pages 93-104).
Well Data-Densities↑
Oil Deviation0.0005 g/cc
Water Deviation0.0005 g/cc
Oil Duration Ave5 sec
Water Duration Ave5 sec
CHG HELP EXIT
Table 4-1. Densities and deviations for continuous mode
Variable Default DescriptionOil density 0.9000 g/cc • If oil density at reference temperature is known, enter the density value
• If oil density at reference temperature is unknown, perform a density determination (see pages 93-104)
Water density 1.1000 g/cc • If water density at reference temperature is known, enter the density value• If water density at reference temperature is unknown, perform a density
determination (see pages 93-104)Oil deviation 0.0005 g/cc • Enter the maximum oil density deviation that will be allowed during density
determination (see pages 93-104)• If the difference between two consecutive density readings is greater than the
programmed deviation, the density average is restarted. The averaging is completed when the deviation is not exceeded during the averaging period
Water deviation 0.0005 g/cc • Enter the maximum water density deviation that will be allowed during density determination (see pages 93-104)
• If the difference between two consecutive density readings is greater than the programmed deviation, the density average is restarted. The averaging is completed when the deviation is not exceeded during the averaging period
Oil density ave 5 sec Enter the amount of time during which oil density will be averaged during density determination (see pages 93-104)
Water density ave 5 sec Enter the amount of time during which water density will be averaged during density determination (see pages 93-104)
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Well test modeTo enter well names, oil and water densities, deviations, and purge times for well test mode:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Well Performance Meas.d. Select Well Data-Densities.e. Select the menu item for the number of the well
that will be configured, then press CHG.
f. Select the well that will be configured, then press SAVE.
Well Data-Densities
Wells 1 to 12
Wells 13 to 24
Wells 25 to 36
Wells 37 to 48
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationWell performance meas
Well data-densities
Wells 1 to 12↓
01: Tinsley 22-14b02: N Cowden 24-17a03: R Dutton 36-13c04: B Olsen 23-15d05: 13-24-44-5E606: 08-11-23-6E207: 18-44-04-3W508: 12-28-36-6W7
SAVE EXIT
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g. To enter a well name:• Begin entering characters at the far left
position• Enter up to 18 alphanumeric characters,
including spacesh. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure the parameters that are listed in Table 4-2 .
Oil and water densities, deviations, and duration averages are described in the chapter that explains density determination (pages 93-104).
Well #1↓
Well Name:Tinsley 22-14b
Oil Density0.8000 g/cc
Water Density1.0000 g/cc
Purge Time30 minutes
CHG HELP EXIT
Well #1↑
Oil Deviation0.0005 g/cc
Water Deviation0.0005 g/cc
Oil Duration Ave5 sec
Water Duration Ave5 sec
CHG HELP EXIT
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Compensations The compensations menu allows you to configure the NOC to perform transient bubble remediation.
Transient bubble remediation (TBR) corrects density and water cut readings during brief periods when gas bubbles are passing through the sensor.• Figure 4-1 , page 22, illustrates the effect of
transient bubbles on measured density.• Figure 4-2 , page 22, illustrates how the NOC
holds the measured density at the time period before transient bubbles were detected, if hold last value is selected as the action taken.
• Figure 4-3 , page 22, illustrates how transient bubble remediation corrects density readings.
Table 4-2. Well data for well test mode
Variable Default Description
Well name Not applicable (none)
Beginning at the far left position, enter up to 18 alphanumeric characters, including spaces, that will serve as the name for the selected well
Oil density 0.8000 g/cc • If oil density at reference temperature is known, enter the density value• If oil density at reference temperature is unknown, perform a density
determination (see pages 93-104)Water density 1.0000 g/cc • If water density at reference temperature is known, enter the density value
• If water density at reference temperature is unknown, perform a density determination (see pages 93-104)
Purge time 30 minutes Enter the time during which, prior to a well test, measurements will not be recorded until separator contents from the previous test have been purged
Oil deviation 0.0005 g/cc • Enter the maximum oil density deviation that will be allowed during density determination (see pages 93-104)
• If the difference between two consecutive density readings is greater than the programmed deviation, the density average is restarted. The averaging is completed when the deviation is not exceeded during the averaging period
Water deviation 0.0005 g/cc • Enter the maximum water density deviation that will be allowed during density determination (see pages 93-104)
• If the difference between two consecutive density readings is greater than the programmed deviation, the density average is restarted. The averaging is completed when the deviation is not exceeded during the averaging period
Oil density ave 5 sec Enter the amount of time during which oil density will be averaged during density determination (see pages 93-104)
Water density ave 5 sec Enter the amount of time during which water density will be averaged during density determination (see pages 93-104)
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Figure 4-1. Effect of transient bubbles on density
Figure 4-2. Holding at last measured density
Figure 4-3. Correction of density readings
15.00 V
10.00 V
5.00 V
0.00 V
Driv
e ga
in (
volts
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1.0 g/cc
0.9 g/cc
0.8 g/cc
Density (g/cc)
Time
Drive gain (volts)
15.00 V
10.00 V
5.00 V
0.00 V
Driv
e ga
in (
volts
)
1.0 g/cc
0.9 g/cc
0.8 g/cc
Density (g/cc)
Time
Drive gain (volts)
Programmedtime period
(see Table 4-3)
Programmed drive gain level (see Table 4-3 )
15.00 V
10.00 V
5.00 V
0.00 V
Dri
ve g
ain
(vol
ts)
1.0 g/cc
0.9 g/cc
0.8 g/cc
Density (g/cc)
Time
Drive gain (volts)
Programmed drive gain level (see Table 4-3 )
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To set parameters for transient bubble remediation:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Well Performance Meas.d. Select Compensations.e. Select Transient Bubble Remd.f. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure the parameters that are listed in Table 4-3 .Transient Bubble Remd
Drive Gain Level5.4 V
Action TakenHold Last Value
Time Period15 seconds
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationWell performance meas
CompensationsTransient bubble remd
Table 4-3. Transient bubble remediation parameters
Variable Default DefinitionDrive gain level 14.5 volts • Enter a value of 0.5 to 14.5 volts
• The entered value is the voltage above which the NOC will indicate transient bubbles• To determine the appropriate value, view the average and maximum values in the
view production measurements menu (see 50-51), the view current test menu (see pages 61-62), or the view well tests menu (see pages 63-65)
• Entering a value of 14.5 will disable transient bubble remediationAction taken Hold last value • Hold last value:
- The NOC will hold the measured density at the time period before transient bubbles were detected
- Transient bubbles can be indicated by discrete output 1 (see page 36)- This option requires configuration of a time period (see below)
• Stop well test:- The NOC will stop the well test if transient bubbles are detected- Transient bubbles can be indicated by discrete output 1 (see page 36)
• Alarm only: Transient bubbles will be indicated by discrete output 1 (see page 36)Time period 15 seconds If hold last value is selected as the action taken, enter the amount of time before
transient bubbles were detected that will be used to derive a density reading
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Step 2 Configure system data
To configure system data:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select System.d. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure the parameters that are listed in Table 4-4 .
System
TagTimeDateMaster Reset
SEL HELP EXIT
ConfigurationSystem
Table 4-4. System parameters
Variable Default DescriptionTag Device 1 Enter up to 8 digits and/or characters that identify this NOC, well, or separatorTime Current time Enter a value of 0 to 23 for hours, a value of 00 to 59 for minutes, and a value of 00
to 59 for secondsDate Current date Enter 4 digits for the year, a character code for the month, and 2 digits for the day
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Step 3 Configure inputs
Flow variables To configure flow variables:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Inputs.d. Select Coriolis.e. Select Config Process Var.f. Select Flow Variables.g. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure the parameters that are listed in Table 4-5 .
Flow Variables↓
Flow Damping0.8 sec
Meter DirectionForward
Mass Unitsg/s
Mass Low Flow Cutoff0.00000 g/s
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationInputs
CoriolisConfig process var
Flow variables
Table 4-5. Flow variables
Variable Default DescriptionFlow damping 0.8 sec • The selected value is the time required for flow outputs and displays to
achieve 63% of their new value in response to a step change at the input• Damping filters out noise or the effects of rapid changes in the flow rate
without affecting measurement accuracyMeter direction Forward • Select the direction in which process fluid will flow through the sensor
relative to the flow direction arrow on the sensor• The sensor can measure forward or backward flow
Mass units g/s • Select the desired unit of mass flow• Mass flow outputs and displays will indicate flow in the selected unit
Mass low flow cutoff 0.00000 g/s • Enter the mass flow rate below which mass flow outputs and displays will indicate zero flow
• The recommended flow cutoff is 0.02% of the flow rate that is represented by the milliamp output at 20 mA. For example, if an output of 20 mA represents 100 lb/min, the flow cutoff should 0.02 lb/min
• To set the calibration span for milliamp outputs, see page 39Volume units l/s • Select the desired unit of volume flow
• Volume flow outputs and displays will indicate flow in the selected unitVolume low flow cutoff 0.00000 l/s • Enter the volume flow rate below which volume flow outputs and displays will
indicate zero flow• The recommended flow cutoff is 0.02% of the flow rate that is represented
by the milliamp output at 20 mA. For example, if an output of 20 mA represents 100 l/min, the flow cutoff should 0.02 l/min
• To set the calibration span for milliamp outputs, see page 39
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Density inputs To configure density inputs:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Inputs.d. Select Coriolis.e. Select Config Process Var.f. Select Density.g. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure the parameters that are listed in Table 4-6 .
Density↓
Density Unitsg/cc
Density Damping1.7 sec
Slug Low Limit0.000000 g/cc
Slug High Limit5.000000 g/cc
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationInputs
CoriolisConfig process var
Density
Table 4-6. Density inputs
Variable Default DescriptionDensity units g/cc • Select the desired unit of density
• Density outputs and displays will indicate density in the selected unitDensity damping 1.7 sec • The selected value is the time required for density outputs and displays to
achieve 63% of their new value in response to a step change at the input• Damping filters out noise or the effects of rapid changes in density without
affecting measurement accuracySlug low limit 0.000000 g/cc • Enter the desired low limit, in g/cc, for the fluid density. The recommended slug
low limit is 0.8 x the lowest density to be measured• The entered value is the density below which a slug flow alarm will be generated• The entered value should be lower than the density that will cause drive gain to
indicate the presence of transient bubbles in the sensor (see pages 21-23)• For more information about slug flow, see page 69
Slug high limit 5.000000 g/cc • Enter the desired high limit, in g/cc, for the fluid density. The recommended slug high limit is 1.4 g/cc
• The entered value is the density above which a slug flow alarm will be generated• The entered value should be higher than the density that will cause drive gain to
indicate the presence of transient bubbles in the sensor (see pages 21-23)• For more information about slug flow, see page 69
Slug time 1.0 sec • Enter the number of seconds for which flow outputs will hold their last measured flow rate while density is outside the range specified by the slug low limit and slug high limit
• If transient bubble remediation has been implemented, set slug time to 0.0 sec. If a value of 0.0 is entered, flow outputs will go to the level that indicates zero flow as soon as slug flow is detected
• The maximum slug time is 300 seconds• For more information about slug time, see page 69
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Temperature To configure temperature inputs:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Inputs.d. Select Coriolis.e. Select Config Process Var.f. Select Temperature.g. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure the parameters that are listed in Table 4-7 .
Temperature
Temperature UnitsdegC
Temp. Damping3.5 sec
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationInputs
CoriolisConfig process var
Temperature
Table 4-7. Temperature inputs
Variable Default DescriptionTemperature units degC • Select degrees Celsius, Fahrenheit, Rankine, or Kelvin
• Temperature outputs and displays will indicate temperature in the selected unitTemperature damping 3.5 sec • The selected value is the time required for temperature outputs and displays to
achieve 63% of their new value in response to a step change at the input• Damping filters out noise or the effects of rapid changes in temperature without
affecting measurement accuracy• If density determination will be performed, set temperature damping at 1.0 sec.
To perform a density determination, see pages 93-104
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Sensor calibration data Sensor calibration data describe the sensor’s sensitivity to flow, density, and temperature.
To configure sensor calibration data:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Inputs.d. Select Coriolis.e. Select Sensor Cal Data.f. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure sensor calibration data.• Sensor cal data should be entered from the
sensor serial number tag or factory calibration certificate.
• Tags and certificates vary in appearance, depending on the sensor model number and manufacturing date.
Flow calibration values include the flow factor and the flow calibration temperature coefficient. To configure flow calibration values, see page 29.
Density calibration values include D1 and D2 density values, K1 and K2 tube periods, the flowing density correction factor, and the density calibration temperature coefficient. To configure density calibration values, see pages 30-34.
Temperature calibration values include the temperature slope and the temperature offset. To configure temperature calibration values, see page 35.
Sensor Cal Data↓
Flow Factor1.00000
Flocal Temp Coef5.130
D10.000000
D21.000000
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationInputs
CoriolisSensor cal data
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Flow calibration valuesFlow calibration values include the flow factor and the flow calibration temperature coefficient. To configure flow calibration values, see Table 4-8 and Figure 4-4 .
Figure 4-4. Flow calibration values on sensor serial number tag
Table 4-8. Flow calibration values
Variable Default Description
Flow factor 1.00000 g/sec • Enter the first 5 digits of the flow cal factor (see Figure 4-4 )• The entered value is the flow rate, in g/sec, that generates 1 µsec of time shift
between velocity signals from the sensorFlowcal temp coef 5.130 • Enter the last 3 digits of the flow cal factor (see Figure 4-4 )
• The entered value represents the percent change in the measured flow rate per 100°C change in temperature
Flow factor on newer tag Flow factor on older tag
19.0005.13
19.0005.13
Flocal temp coef on newer tag Flocal temp coef on older tag
19.0005.13
19.0005.13
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Density calibration valuesDensity calibration values include D1 and D2 density values, K1 and K2 tube periods, the flowing density correction factor (FD), and the density calibration temperature coefficient (dens temp coeff).• To configure D1 and D2, see Table 4-9 and Figure 4-5 , below.• To configure K1 and K2, see Table 4-10 and Figure 4-6 , page 31.• To configure FD and the dens temp coeff, see Table 4-11 and
Figure 4-9 , page 33.
Figure 4-5. D1 and D2 on sensor serial number tag
Table 4-9. D1 and D2 density values
Variable Default Description
D1 0.000000 g/cc • If the sensor tag shows a D1 value, enter the D1 value (see Figure 4-5 )• If the sensor tag does not show a D1 value, enter the Dens A or D1 value from
the calibration certificate• The entered value is the density of the low-density calibration fluid (Micro Motion
uses air)D2 1.000000 g/cc • If the sensor tag shows a D2 value, enter the D2 value (see Figure 4-5 )
• If the sensor tag does not show a D2 value, enter the Dens B or D2 value from the calibration certificate
• The entered value is the density of the high-density calibration fluid (Micro Motion uses water)
D1 on newer tag D2 on newer tag
0.00100.9980
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Figure 4-6. K1 and K2 on sensor serial number tag
Table 4-10. K1 and K2 tube period values
NoteIf K1 and K2 values are being entered from a factory calibration certificate:• DO NOT enter values from the COMMENTS section on the first page (see Figure 4-7 , page 32)• DO enter values listed on the second page (see Figure 4-8 , page 32)
Variable Default DescriptionK1 5000.000 • If the sensor tag shows a K1 value, enter the K1 value (see Figure 4-6 , newer tag)
• If the sensor tag does not show a K1 value, enter the first 5 digits of the density calibration factor (see Figure 4-6 , older tag)
• The entered value represents the sensor flow tube period in µsec associated with D1, adjusted to 0°C
K2 50000.000 • If the sensor tag shows a K2 value, enter the K2 value (see Figure 4-6 , newer tag)• If the sensor tag does not show a K2 value, enter the second 5 digits of the density
calibration factor (see Figure 4-6 , older tag)• The entered value represents the sensor flow tube period in µsec associated with D2,
adjusted to 0°C
K2 on newer tag K2 on older tag
12500142864.44
12500142864.4414282.000
K1 on newer tag K1 on older tag
12500142864.44
12500142864.4412502.000
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Figure 4-7. K1 and K2 values from comments section
Figure 4-8. K1 and K2 values from second page
Do not use theseK1 and K2 values
These K1 and K2 values can be used
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Figure 4-9. FD and dens temp coeff on sensor serial number tag
Table 4-11. FD and dens temp coeff values
Variable Default DescriptionFD 0.000 • If the sensor tag shows an FD value, enter the FD value (see Figure 4-9 )
• If the sensor tag does not show an FD value, enter the appropriate FD value from Table 4-12 , page 34
• The entered value adjusts density calculations for the effect of high flow rates on measured density
Dens temp coeff 4.440000 • If the sensor tag shows a TC value, enter the TC value (see Figure 4-9 , newer tag)• If the sensor tag does not show a TC value, enter the last 3 digits of the density
calibration factor (see Figure 4-9 , older tag)• The entered value represents the percent change in the measured density per 100°C
change in temperature
Dens temp coeff on newer tag Dens temp coeff on older tag
12500142864.44
12500142864.444.44000
FD on newer tag
310
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Table 4-12. Nominal FD values for sensors
Sensor model Flow tube materialNominalFD value
ELITE® CMF010 standard pressure 316L stainless steel 140CMF010 standard pressure Inconel® 686 220CMF010 high pressure Inconel 686 760CMF025 standard pressure 316L stainless steel or Hastelloy® C-22 450CMF050 standard pressure 316L stainless steel or Hastelloy C-22 430CMF100 standard pressure 316L stainless steel or Hastelloy C-22 230CMF200 standard pressure 316L stainless steel or Hastelloy C-22 320CMF300 standard pressure 316L stainless steel or Hastelloy C-22 280
BASIS® F025S 316L stainless steel 0F050S 316L stainless steel 0F100S 316L stainless steel 0F200S 316L stainless steel 350
Model D DS006 standard pressure 316L stainless steel or Hastelloy C-22 450DS012 standard pressure 316L stainless steel 900DS012 standard pressure Hastelloy C-22 490DS025 standard pressure 316L stainless steel 110DS025 standard pressure Hastelloy C-22 330DS040 standard pressure 316L stainless steel 220DS040 standard pressure Hastelloy C-22 610DS065 standard pressure 316L stainless steel 310DS100 standard pressure 316L stainless steel or Hastelloy C-22 520DS150 standard pressure 316L stainless steel or Hastelloy C-22 480DS150 standard pressure 316L stainless steel with Tefzel® lining 640DS300 standard pressure 316L stainless steel or Hastelloy C-22 200DS300 standard pressure 316L stainless steel with Tefzel lining 260DS600 standard pressure 316L stainless steel 50
Model DH DH006 high pressure 316L stainless steel 0DH012 high pressure 316L stainless steel 0DH025 high pressure 316L stainless steel 0DH038 high pressure 316L stainless steel 0DS100 high pressure 316L stainless steel 0DH150 high pressure 316L stainless steel 0DH300 high pressure 316L stainless steel 0
Model DL DL065 316L stainless steel 210DL100 316L stainless steel 670DL200 316L stainless steel 150
Model DT DT065 Hastelloy C-22 550DT100 Hastelloy C-22 380DT150 Hastelloy C-22 130
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Temperature calibration valuesTemperature calibration values include the temperature slope and the temperature offset. To configure temperature calibration values, see Table 4-13 .
Sensor information Sensor information includes variables that serve as references without affecting calibration parameters, totalizers, or outputs.
To configure sensor information:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Inputs.d. Select Coriolis.e. Select Sensor Information.f. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure the parameters that are listed in Table 4-14 .
Table 4-13. Temperature calibration values
Variable Default Description
Temperature slope 1.000000 • Enter the temperature slope value provided by Micro Motion, or perform a temperature calibration
• To perform a temperature calibration, see the ALTUS Detailed Setup ManualTemperature offset 0.000000 • Enter the temperature offset value provided by Micro Motion, or perform a
temperature calibration• To perform a temperature calibration, see the ALTUS Detailed Setup Manual
Sensor Information↓
Sensor Model No.CMF025
Sensor Serial No.000000
Sensor Material304 SS
Sensor End ConnectionANSI 150
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationInputs
CoriolisSensor information
Table 4-14. Sensor information variables
Variable Default DescriptionSensor model no. Uninitialized Enter a description of the sensor model, such as "CMF300"Sensor serial no. 000000 Enter the serial number that is on the sensor serial number tagSensor material 304 SS Select the appropriate sensor flow tube material (304 SS, 316L SS, Hastelloy C,
Inconel, or Tantalum)Sensor end connection ANSI 150 Select the appropriate flange, union fitting, sanitary fitting, or wafer fittingSensor liner None Select the appropriate liner material for the sensor flow tubes (Tefzel or none)
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Step 4 Configure outputs
Discrete outputs To configure discrete outputs:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Outputs.d. Select Discrete Outputs.e. Select Discrete Output 1, Discrete Output 2, or
Discrete Output 3.f. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure the power source and assignment for the selected discrete output.
Power sourceDiscrete outputs can be connected to factory-supplied or user-supplied relays.• To select the appropriate power source for
discrete output 1, see Table 4-15 , below.• The power source for discrete output 2 and
discrete output 3 cannot be configured.• For relay specifications and installation
instructions, see the ALTUS Installation Manual.
AssignmentDiscrete output 1 can be inactive or can indicate transient bubble remediation. See Table 4-16 .• Discrete output 2 represents net oil.• Discrete output 3 represents net water.
Discrete Output 1
Power SourceInternal
AssignmentNone
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationOutputs
Discrete outputsDiscrete output 1Discrete output 2Discrete output 3
Table 4-15. Discrete output 1 power sources
NoteFor relay specifications and installation instructions, see the ALTUS Installation Manual
Relay type Default Power sourceFactory-supplied relays Internal Select internal powerUser-supplied relays Internal • Select internal power if relays are internally powered
• Select external power if relays are externally powered
Table 4-16. Discrete output assignment variables
Discrete output Variable Default DescriptionDiscrete output 1 Transient bubble
remediation eventNone Discrete output 1 will indicate high drive gain
None Discrete output 1 will be inactiveDiscrete output 2 Net oil Cannot be
re-assignedDiscrete output 2 will produce 10 output pulses per barrel or 10 output pulses per cubic meter of net oil
Discrete output 3 Net water Cannot be re-assigned
Discrete output 3 will produce 10 output pulses per barrel or 10 output pulses per cubic meter of net water
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Milliamp outputs Configuring milliamp outputs includes the following procedures:• Configuring fault indication• Assigning a process variable to the output• Configuring the calibration span
Fault indicationTo configure fault indication for milliamp outputs:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Outputs.d. Select Milliamp Outputs.e. Select Milliamp Output 1 or Milliamp Output 2.f. Select Fault Indication.g. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure the condition and setting of fault indicators for the selected milliamp output.• Condition: Milliamp outputs can produce
downscale, upscale, last measured value, or internal zero fault indicators. See Table 4-17 . The default condition is downscale.
• Setting: If downscale or upscale is selected as the fault condition, the setting determines the amount of current that indicates a fault. See Table 4-17 .
Fault Indication
ConditionDownscale
Setting3.60 mA
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationOutputs
Milliamp outputsMilliamp output 1
Fault indicationMilliamp output 2
Fault indication
CAUTION
Using last measured value or internal zero may hamper identification of fault outputs.
To make sure fault outputs can be identified, select downscale or upscale.
Table 4-17. Fault conditions and settings for milliamp outputs
Note
The default condition for fault indication is downscale
Condition DescriptionDefault setting
Downscale Can be configured from 1.0 to 3.6 mA 3.6 mAUpscale Can be configured from 21.0 to 24.0 mA 22.0 mALast measured value • Holds at the mA value that represents the last measured value for the process
variable before the fault occurred• Apparent lack of variation in the process variable could indicate a fault
Not applicable
Internal zero • Goes to the mA value that represents a value of 0.0 for the process variable• An apparent value of 0.0 for the process variable could indicate a fault
Not applicable
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Process variableTo configure process variables for milliamp outputs:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Outputs.d. Select Milliamp Outputs.e. Select Milliamp Output 1 or Milliamp Output 2.f. Select Variable Assignment.g. Press CHG to access the process variable menu.h. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to select one of the process variables listed in Table 4-18 .Process Variable
↓NoneFrequency InputUnc Oil RateUnc Water CutUnc Water RateNet Oil RateWater CutGross Flow RateNet Water RateAve Unc Oil Rate
SAVE EXIT
ConfigurationOutputs
Milliamp outputsMilliamp output 1
Variable assignmentMilliamp output 2
Variable assignment
Table 4-18. Process variables for milliamp outputs
Variable Default Description (what the output will represent)Frequency input Mass flow Process variable that is represented by the frequency inputUnc oil rate Uncorrected flow rate of oilUnc water cut Uncorrected water cutUnc water rate Uncorrected flow rate of waterBackflow rate Real-time reverse flow rateNet oil rate Real-time net flow rate of oil at reference temperatureWater cut Real-time water cut at reference temperatureGross flow rate Real-time flow rate of oil and waterNet water rate Real-time net flow rate of water at reference temperatureAve unc oil rate Average uncorrected flow rate of oilAve unc water cut Average uncorrected water cutAve unc gross flow Uncorrected average flow rate of oil and waterAve unc water rate Uncorrected average flow rate of waterAve net oil rate Average net flow rate of oil at reference temperatureAve water cut Average water cut at reference temperatureAve gross flow rate Average flow rate of oil and waterAve net water rate Average net flow rate of oil at reference temperatureTemperature TemperatureMass flow rate Mass flow rateMass flow live zero Flow rate when it drops below the mass low flow cutoffDensity Density of oil and waterVol. flow rate Volume flow rate of oil and waterDrive gain Drive gain voltage
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Calibration spanTo configure the calibration span for milliamp outputs:a. Press the security button on the display face.b. Select Configuration.c. Select Outputs.d. Select Milliamp Outputs.e. Select Milliamp Output 1 or Milliamp Output 2.f. Select Calibration Span.
• The calibration span menu item appears only after a process variable has been assigned to the output.
• To assign process variables to milliamp outputs, see page 38.
g. Use the function buttons and the cursor control buttons to configure the parameters that are listed in Table 4-19 .
Calibration Span↓
20.0mA0.00 g/s
4.0mA0.000 g/s
Low Flow Cutoff0.00 g/s
Damping Seconds0
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationOutputs
Milliamp outputsMilliamp output 1
Calibration spanMilliamp output 2
Calibration span
Table 4-19. Calibration span variables
Notes• The calibration span menu item appears only after a process variable has been assigned to the output• To assign process variables to milliamp outputs, see page 38• Some values are dependent on sensor calibration data. To configure sensor calibration data, see pages 18-26
Variable Default Description20 mA Sensor upper limit • Enter the value the output will represent at 20.0 mA
• The entered value must be greater than the 4.0 mA value4 mA Sensor lower limit • Enter the value the output will represent at 4.0 mA
• The entered value must be less than the 20.0 mA valueLow flow cutoff 0 for all variables If a flow variable is assigned to the output, the low flow cutoff is the flow rate below
which the output will indicate zero flowDamping seconds 0 sec • Select the amount of added damping for the milliamp output
• The selected value is the amount of time that is added to damping on flow, density, or temperature
4.0 mA minimum Not applicable(read-only)
The lowest value that can be represented by the output20.0 mA maximum The highest value that can be represented by the outputMinimum span • The smallest allowable difference between the value represented at 4.0 mA and
the value represented at 20.0 mA• The 20.0 mA value must be greater than the 4.0 mA value
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Pulse output To configure the pulse output:1. Press the security button on the display face.2. Select Configuration.3. Select Outputs.4. Select Frequency Output.5. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure the parameters that are listed in Table 4-20 .Frequency Output
↓Flow Source
NoneFlow Units
kg/minScaling Method
Frequency = FlowFrequency
1000.000 Hz
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationOutputs
Frequency output
CAUTION
Using last measured value or internal zero may hamper identification of fault outputs.
To make sure fault outputs can be identified, select downscale or upscale.
Table 4-20. Pulse output variables
Variable Default DescriptionFlow source Mass flow Select none, frequency input, uncorrected oil volume, uncorrected water
volume, backflow volume, net oil volume, gross volume, net water volume, mass, or volume
Scaling method Frequency = flow • Select frequency = flow, pulses/unit, or units/pulse• The frequency output has a range of 0 to 12,500 Hz
Frequency 1000.000 Hz • If frequency = flow is selected as the scaling method, enter the frequency (or pulse rate), in Hz, that represents the configured flow rate
• To scale the pulse output, see the example on page 41Flow 16,666 g/sec • If frequency = flow is selected as the scaling method, enter the flow rate
that is represented by the configured frequency• To scale the pulse output, see the example on page 41
Pulses 60.00 pulses • If pulses/unit is selected as the scaling method, enter the number of output pulses that represent one mass or volume unit
• To scale the pulse output, see the example on page 41Units 16.667 g • If units/pulse is selected as the scaling method, enter the number of
mass or volume units that are represented by one output pulse• To scale the pulse output, see the example on page 41
Maximum pulse width 511 ms • The pulse width can be configured for output frequencies below 500 Hz• Enter the desired pulse width in milliseconds
Power Active Select active or passive operation for the frequency output• Voltage is 24 VDC nominal for active operation, 20 VDC applied
maximum for passive operation• Sourcing current is 10 mA at 3 VDC for active operation• Sinking current is 500 mA for active or passive operation
Fault indication Downscale • Downscale: Output goes to 0 Hz• Upscale: Output goes to 15,000 Hz• Last measured value:
- Output holds at the frequency that represents the last measured flow rate before the fault occurred
- Apparent lack of variation in the flow rate could indicate a fault• Internal zero:
- Output goes to 0 Hz- An apparent no-flow condition could indicate a fault
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Example: Scale the pulse output so 10,000 pulses represent one barrel of actual liquid. This would be a common setting for a volumetric proving application.
a. Select volume as the flow source. Remember that gross volume is temperature-corrected, and volume is actual volume at line conditions.
b. Select bbl/day as the flow unit.
c. Select pulses per unit as the scaling method.
d. Change the frequency to 10,000 Hz.
The output pulses are now configured for 10,000 pulses per barrel.
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5 Using the View Menu
5.1 Accessing the view menu When you press VIEW at the operation screen, the view menu is displayed. Figure 5-1 shows the functions performed by the function buttons and cursor control buttons in the view menu.
Figure 5-1. Using buttons in the view menu
VIEW MENU
Well Performance MeasProcess TotalizersActive Alarm LogLCD OptionsDiagnostic MonitorApplications ListPower Outage
SEL HELP EXIT
Move cursor upward
Move cursor downward
EXITIf SEL has been pressed, move cursor toward left
SELECTIf SEL has been pressed, move cursor toward right
VIEW Access the view menuACK Acknowledge an alarm messageEXIT Return to the previous screenNO Cancel action
HELP Show a help screenRESET Reset totalSTART Start a new well testVIEW View performance measurements for a
well that is being testedPRINT Send a ticket to a printerPGUP Page up to previous help screen
START • Start well test• Start averaging oil or water densities
STOP • Stop well test• Stop averaging oil or water densities
CLEAR Clear all displayed valuesRESET Reset totalPAUSE • Pause counting of all displayed totals
• Pause performance measurementsRESUME • Resume counting of all displayed totals
• Resume production measurementsSEL Select the highlighted optionCHG Make a change to the highlighted optionSAVE Save a changeENTER Enter a passwordYES Proceed with actionOK Proceed with actionNEXT • Scroll to next screen
• At the last screen, scroll to the first screen• Test the next well in the sequence
RETURN Return to well test screenPGDN Page down to next help screen
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5.2 Well performance measurements The tasks you can perform in the well performance measurements menu depend on the operation mode.
Continuous mode To set the NOC to operate in continuous mode, see page 16. To use the NOC in continuous mode, see pages 49-54.
In continuous mode, the well performance measurements menu includes the following items:• View Production Meas• Quick View• Pause/Resume• Reset
Well test mode To set the NOC to operate in well test mode, see page 16. To use the NOC in well test mode, see pages 55-65.
In well test mode, the items in the well performance measurements menu depend on whether or not a well test is in progress.
If a well test is not in progressIf a well test is not in progress, the well performance measurements menu includes the following items:• Start Well Test• View Well Tests
Well Performance Meas
View Production MeasQuick ViewPause / ResumeReset
SEL HELP EXIT
ViewWell performance meas
Well Performance Meas
Start Well TestView Well Tests
SEL EXIT
ViewWell performance meas
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If a well test is in progressIf a well test is in progress, the well performance measurements menu includes the following items:• Return to Well Test• Start Well Test• View Current Test
5.3 Process totalizers In the view menu, you can monitor or reset process totals, and pause and resume counting of displayed totals.
The volume that is displayed in the process totalizers menu is the measured mass divided by the measured density. Temperature compensation and reference oil and water densities are not used in this calculation. The displayed total is the actual gross volume of fluid.
Well Performance Meas
Return To Well TestView Well TestsView Current Test
SEL EXIT
ViewWell performance meas
Process↓↑
Mass769.9 lb
Volume56,485.88 bbl
Freq Input Rollover9999999999.99 lb
Mass Rollover9999999999.99 lb
PAUSE RESET EXIT
ViewProcess totalizers
Process
CAUTION
If counting has been paused, pressing RESET will cause the total to reset to a non-zero value.
To make sure the total resets to zero, press RESET before pressing PAUSE.
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To reset a process totalizer, or to pause and resume counting of the displayed totals:1. At the operation screen, press VIEW.2. Select Process Totalizers.3. Select Process.4. Select the desired process totalizer.
• To reset the selected totalizer, press RESET. Pressing reset does not affect a well test that is in progress.
• To pause counting of all displayed totals, press PAUSE.
• To resume counting of all displayed totals, press RESUME.
5. Press EXIT repeatedly to return to the operation screen.
The value to which the process total resets depends on whether or not counting has been paused.• If you press RESET without pressing PAUSE, the
total resets to zero.• If you press PAUSE, then press RESET, the total
resets to the amount that accumulated from the time counting was paused to the time the total was reset. For example, if counting was paused at 500 barrels, then 25 barrels were counted before the total was reset, the total resets to 25 barrels.
The display shows rollover values for each totalizer. The rollover value is the maximum total that can be achieved before the totalizer rolls over to zero.
5.4 Inventory totalizers To monitor inventory totalizers:1. At the operation screen, press VIEW.2. Select Process Totalizers.3. Select Inventory.4. Press EXIT repeatedly to return to the operation
screen.
The volume that is displayed in the inventory totalizers menu is the measured mass divided by the measured density. Temperature compensation and reference oil and water densities are not used in this calculation. The displayed total is the actual gross volume of fluid.
The display shows rollover values for each totalizer. The rollover value is the maximum inventory that can be achieved before the inventory rolls over to zero.
Inventory↓↑
Mass769.9 lb
Volume56,485.88 bbl
Freq Input Rollover9999999999.99 lb
Mass Rollover9999999999.99 lb
EXIT
ViewProcess totalizers
Inventory
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5.5 Active alarm log The NOC performs self-diagnostics during operation. If the NOC detects certain events or conditions, an alarm message appears in the highlight bar at the top of the screen.
If the condition that caused an alarm is present, the alarm is listed in the active alarm log.• Each alarm is time/date stamped.• The first alarm listed is the most recent.
For information about responding to alarm messages, see pages 67-78.
The active alarm log is also accessible via the maintenance menu (see page 78).
5.6 LCD options Display contrast can be adjusted for operator preference. After selecting LCD Options from the View menu:• Select Contrast to adjust the screen contrast• Select LCD Backlight to turn screen backlighting
on or off
ViewActive alarm log
Active Alarm Log
Density Alarm17-JUL-98 8:30
Temperature Alarm10-JUL-98 9:04
Alarm-Meas Paused10-JUL-98 5:10
HELP EXIT
LCD Options
ContrastLCD Backlight
SEL HELP EXIT
ViewLCD options
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5.7 Diagnostic monitor The diagnostic monitor shows real-time values for drive gain, sensor flow tube frequency, and live zero.• Drive gain is useful for indicating transient
bubbles in the sensor flow tubes. To configure the NOC for transient bubble remediation, see pages 21-23.
• Tube frequency is useful for troubleshooting fault alarms. To troubleshoot fault alarms, see pages 75-77.
• Live zero is useful for monitoring the indicated flow rate when it drops below the mass low flow cutoff, or when there is no flow. To configure the mass low flow cutoff, see page 25.
5.8 Applications list The applications list shows all applications that are installed and the software revision for each. Refer to this screen if you need to know the software revision number to report problems.
5.9 Power outage The power outage menu enables you to view the power off and power on times and dates for the last three power outages that lasted more than 30 seconds.
To clear times and dates, press CLEAR.
Diagnostic Monitor
Drive Gain2.580 V
Tube Frequency89.23 Hz
Live Zero0.01 lb/min
EXIT
ViewDiagnostic monitor
Power Outage↓
#3 Power Off At06:00 28 OCT 1998
#3 Power On At06:30 28 OCT 1998
#2 Power Off At08:02 2 AUG 1998
#2 Power On At08:05 2 AUG 1998
CLEAR EXIT
ViewPower outage
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6 Continuous Mode
6.1 Continuous mode configuration
To configure the NOC to operate in continuous mode, see page 16.
6.2 Startup and display test At startup, the transmitter automatically tests its display. During display testing, all pixels darken for approximately five seconds. After the display test is completed:1. The Micro Motion® logo appears.2. An application list appears.3. The transmitter enters the operation mode, as shown in Figure 6-1 .
6.3 Process monitor The process monitor is the default operation mode. See Figure 6-1 .
6.4 Accessing continuous mode
To access the continuous mode, press VIEW.
Figure 6-1. Process monitor mode
Cursor control buttons
Security button
Backlitdisplay
Function buttons
DEVICE 1
Volume Flow4,352.33bpd
Volume Total56,485.88bbl
NEXT PRINT VIEW
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Continuous Mode continued
6.5 Viewing production measurements To view production measurements:1. At the operation screen, press VIEW.2. Select Well Performance Meas.3. Select View Production Meas.
4. Select any of the production measurements that are listed in Table 6-1 , page 51.
• For net oil, water cut, net water, density, temperature, mass flow, and uncorrected flow, the display indicates the actual value, the average value, the minimum and maximum values, the time and date when minimum and maximum values were achieved, and the time and date of the last reset.
• For drive gain and back flow, the display indicates the actual value, the average value, the maximum value, the time and date when the maximum value was achieved, and the time and date of the last reset.
Well Performance Meas
View Production MeasQuick ViewPause / ResumeReset
SEL HELP EXIT
ViewWell performance meas
View Production Meas
Net OilWater CutGross FlowNet WaterDrive GainDensityTemperatureBack FlowMass FlowUncorrected Flow
SEL EXIT
Net Oil↓
Actual Rate13,110 bpd
Average Rate13,050 bpd
Minimum Flow12,111 bpd
Minimum Time/Date08:23 28 SEPT 98
EXIT
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Drive gain, density, temperature, and back flow menus have an individual RESET button for each, which enables resetting of these individual values in the menu.
Drive gain, density, temperature, and back flow are also reset when well performance measurements are reset (see page 54).
Temperature↓
Actual Temperature123.4 degF
Average Temperature122.7 degF
Minimum Temperature112.6 degF
Minimum Time/Date08:23 28 SEPT 98
RESET EXIT
ViewWell performance meas
View production measTemperature
Table 6-1. Continuous production measurements
Note• For net oil, water cut, net water, density, temperature, mass flow, and uncorrected flow, the NOC indicates the actual value, the
average value, the minimum and maximum values, the time and date when minimum and maximum values were achieved, and the time and date of the last reset
• For drive gain and back flow, the NOC indicates the actual value, the average value, the maximum value, the time and date when the maximum value was achieved, and the time and date of the last reset
Production measurement DefinitionNet oil • Net oil, in barrels or cubic meters, at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°C
• Net oil cannot be reset in this menuWater cut • Water cut as 0% to 100% at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°C
• Water cut cannot be reset in this menuGross flow • Flow rate of oil and water, in barrels or cubic meters, at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°C
• Gross flow cannot be reset in this menuNet water • Net water, in barrels or cubic meters, at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°C
• Net water cannot be reset in this menuDrive gain • Sensor drive gain in volts
• Recorded drive gain can be reset individuallyDensity • Fluid density, in density unit selected during configuration
• During transient bubble remediation, the density at which the measurement is being held, if hold last value was selected as the action taken (see pages 21-23)
• Density can be reset individuallyTemperature • Fluid temperature, in temperature unit selected during configuration
• Temperature can be reset individuallyBack flow • Actual volume flow rate in reverse direction
• Back flow can be reset individuallyMass flow • Mass flow rate of all fluid
• Mass flow cannot be reset in this menuUncorrected flow • Select any of these production measurements that are not corrected for temperature:
- Uncorrected oil- Uncorrected water- Uncorrected water cut- Uncorrected gross
• Uncorrected flow cannot be reset in these menus
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6.6 Quick view The quick view menu allows you to view the following values:• Average net oil rate• Net oil total• Average water cut• Average gross rate• Gross total• Average/total since last reset• Test time elapsed
To access the quick view menu:1. At the operation screen, press VIEW.2. Select Well Performance Meas.3. Select Quick View.
6.7 Pause and resume To pause or resume the accumulation of production measurements:1. At the operation screen, press VIEW.2. Select Well Performance Meas.3. Select Pause / Resume.
Quick View↓
Average Net Oil Rate30,110.98 bpd
Net Oil Total7,654,321.89 bbl
Average Water Cut12.11 %
Average Gross Rate724.29 bpd
EXIT
ViewWell performance meas
Quick view
Well Performance Meas
View Production MeasQuick ViewPause / ResumeReset
SEL HELP EXIT
ViewWell performance meas
Pause / resume
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4. To pause accumulation of production measurements, press PAUSE.
5. To resume accumulation of production measurements, press RESUME.
Fifteen minutes after measurements have been paused, the transmitter produces an alarm message that reads, "Meas Paused."• Press ACK to acknowledge the alarm.• The "Meas Paused" alarm will be produced every
15 minutes until measurements are resumed.
Pause / Resume
Production MeasResumed
PAUSE EXIT
DEVICE 1Production Measure-ments are on
Pause
Paused Time0:08 hrs:min
RESUME EXIT
Alarm-Meas PausedNet Oil
↓Actual Rate
13,110 bpdAverage Rate
13,050 bpdMinimum Flow
12,111 bpdMinimum Time/Date
08:23 28 SEPT 98
ACK
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6.8 Reset To reset performance measurements:1. At the operation screen, press VIEW.2. Select Well Performance Meas.3. Select Reset.4. When the warning screen appears, select YES to
continue to with the reset.
The display shows the time and date of the last reset, the total amount of time well performance measurements have been paused since the last reset, and the elapsed test time since the last reset.
Well Performance Meas
View Production MeasQuick ViewPause / ResumeReset
SEL HELP EXIT
ViewWell performance meas
Reset
WARNING
Selecting reset will reset all of the performance measurement totals, averages, minimums, and maximums at once.
Set control devices for manual operation before selecting reset.
Reset
Last Reset All19:07 28 SEPT 1998
Paused Time0:00 hrs:min
Test Time Elapsed22:52 hrs:min
RESET EXIT
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7 Well Test Mode
7.1 Well test mode configuration
To configure the NOC to operate in the well test mode, see page 16.
7.2 Startup and display test At startup, the transmitter automatically tests its display. During display testing, all pixels darken for approximately five seconds. After the display test is completed:1. The Micro Motion® logo appears.2. An application list appears.3. The transmitter enters the operation mode, as shown in Figure 7-1 .
7.3 Process monitor The process monitor is the default operation mode. See Figure 7-1 .
7.4 Accessing well test mode To access the well test mode, press VIEW.
Figure 7-1. Process monitor mode
Cursor control buttons
Security button
Backlitdisplay
Function buttons
DEVICE 1
Volume Flow352.33
bpdVolume Total
485.88bbl
NEXT PRINT VIEW
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7.5 Conducting a well test To conduct a well test:1. At the operation screen, press VIEW.2. Select Well Performance Meas.3. Select Start Well Test.
4. Select the menu item for the number of the well that will be tested, then press CHG.
5. Select the well that will be tested, then press SAVE.
Well Performance Meas
Start Well TestView Well Tests
SEL EXIT
ViewWell performance meas
Start Well Test
Wells 1 to 12
Wells 13 to 24
Wells 25 to 36
Wells 37 to 48
CHG EXIT
Wells 1 to 12↓
01: Tinsley 22-14b02: N Cowden 24-17a03: R Dutton 36-13c04: B Olsen 23-15d05: 13-24-44-5E606: 08-11-23-6E207: 18-44-04-3W508: 12-28-36-6W7
SAVE EXIT
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6. Press START to start the well test.
• If purge time is zero, the NOC first indicates test time as zero, then begins counting.
• If purge time is not zero, the NOC counts downward and indicates the purge time. When the purge is completed, the elapsed test time is displayed, and continues increasing throughout the test.
• To monitor performance measurements while the test is in progress, press VIEW. For more information, see page 60.
• To stop the test, press STOP. For more information, see pages 58-59.
When the purge is complete, the NOC indicates the start time and elapsed time for the test. The Test Started time is the time when the purge was completed and the well test began.
Well #1
Well NameTinsley 22-14b
Last Test09:32 21 OCT 1998
START EXIT
DEVICE 101: Tinsley
On Test
Purge Time Remaining26:31
STOP VIEW EXIT
DEVICE 101: Tinsley
On TestTest Started
14:33 28 OCT 1998Test Time Elapsed
2:30:13
STOP VIEW EXIT
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7.6 Stopping and continuing a well test To stop a well test, press STOP.
• To stop the test, press YES.• To continue the test, press NO.
• To test the next well in the sequence, press NEXT.• To start a new test on the same well, press
START.
DEVICE 101: Tinsley
On TestTest Started
14:33 28 OCT 1998Test Time Elapsed
2:30:13
STOP VIEW EXIT
01: Tinsley
Stop Well Test?
YES NO
DEVICE 101: Tinsley
Test StopTest Started
14:33 28 OCT 1998Test Time Elapsed
2:30:13
NEXT START EXIT
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If a well test has been stopped, then NEXT has been pressed as explained on page 58, the next well in the sequence can be tested.
• To test the same well again after a test has been stopped as explained on page 58, press YES.
• To return to the well selection screen that is illustrated at step 5 (page 56), press NO.
• To purge the well again, press YES.• To start a test without purging the well, press NO.
Well #2
Well NameN. Cowden 24-17a
Last Test14:30 22 OCT 1998
START EXIT
Well #1
Test this well again?
YES NO
Well #1
Purge this wellagain?
YES NO
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7.7 Viewing performance measurements During a well test, you can view on-line values of performance measurements by pressing VIEW.
The NOC indicates the following performance measurements:• Actual net oil flow rate• Average net oil flow rate• Actual water cut• Average water cut• Actual gross flow rate• Average gross flow rate• Actual fluid density. During transient bubble
remediation, the density at which the measurement is being held, if hold last value was selected as the action taken (see pages 21-23)
• Actual fluid temperature
To view detailed performance measurements for a well that is being tested, see pages 61-62.
DEVICE 101: Tinsley
On TestTest Started
14:33 28 OCT 1998Test Time Elapsed
2:30:13
STOP VIEW EXIT
Well #1↓
Actual Net Oil Rate14,223.88 bpd
Average Net Oil Rate14,010.99 bpd
Actual Water Cut12.01 %
Average Water Cut11.89 %
RETURN HELP EXIT
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7.8 Viewing performance measurements for the current test
To view detailed performance measurements for the well that is being tested:1. At the operation screen, press VIEW.2. Select Well Performance Meas.3. Select View Current Test. This menu item
appears only while a well test is in progress.
4. Select any of the performance measurements that are listed in Table 7-1 , page 62.
Well Performance Meas
Return to Well TestView Well TestsView Current Test
SEL EXIT
ViewWell performance meas
01: Tinsley
Net OilWater CutGross FlowNet WaterDrive GainDensityTemperatureBack FlowMass FlowUncorrected FlowTest Times
SEL EXIT
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For each performance measure except test times, the NOC indicates the actual value, the average value, the minimum and maximum values, and the time and date when minimum and maximum values were achieved.Net Oil
↓Actual Rate
13,110.87 bpdAverage Rate
13,050.09 bpdMinimum Flow
12.111.07 bpdMinimum Time/Date
08:23 28 SEPT 1998
EXIT
Table 7-1. Performance measurements for current well test
NoteFor each performance measurement except test times, the NOC indicates the actual value, the average value, the minimum and maximum values, and the time and date when minimum and maximum values were achieved
Performance measure DefinitionNet oil Net oil, in barrels or cubic meters, at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°CWater cut Water cut as 0% to 100% at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°CGross flow Volume flow of oil and water, in barrels or cubic meters, at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°CNet water Net water, in barrels or cubic meters, at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°CDrive gain Sensor drive gain in voltsDensity Fluid density, in density unit selected during configurationTemperature Fluid temperature, in temperature unit selected during configurationBack flow Reverse flow rate of all fluidMass flow Mass flow rate of all fluidUncorrected flow Select any of these performance measurements that are not corrected for temperature:
• Uncorrected oil• Uncorrected water• Uncorrected water cut• Uncorrected gross
Test times View the following times:• Test started• Test time elapsed• Transient bubble time
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7.9 Viewing previous well tests To view performance measurements for well tests that have been completed:1. At the operation screen, press VIEW.2. Select Well Performance Meas.3. Select View Well Tests.
4. Select the menu item for the number of the well that has been tested, then press CHG.
5. Select a well that has already been tested, then press SAVE.
Well Performance Meas
Start Well TestView Well Tests
SEL EXIT
ViewWell performance meas
Start Well Test
Wells 1 to 12
Wells 13 to 24
Wells 25 to 36
Wells 37 to 48
CHG EXIT
Wells 1 to 12↓
01: Tinsley 22-14b02: N Cowden 24-17a03: R Dutton 36-13c04: B Olsen 23-15d05: 13-24-44-5E606: 08-11-23-6E207: 18-44-04-3W508: 12-28-36-6W7
SAVE EXIT
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6. Select the time and date of the test for which performance measurements will be viewed. The listed time is the time when the purge was completed and the well test began.
7. Select any of the performance measurements that are listed in Table 7-2 , page 65.
For each performance measure except test times, the NOC indicates the average value, the minimum and maximum values, and the time and date when minimum and maximum values were achieved.
Well #1
01:42 14 OCT 199810:12 13 SEP 199809:04 14 AUG 1998
SEL HELP EXIT
01: Tinsley
Net OilWater CutGross FlowNet WaterDrive GainDensityTemperatureBack FlowMass FlowUncorrected FlowTest Times
SEL EXIT
01: Tinsley↓
Average Rate13,050.09 bpd
Minimum Flow12.111.07 bpd
Minimum Time/Date08:23 28 SEPT 1998
Maximum Flow14,097.45 bpd
EXIT
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Table 7-2. Performance measurements for previous well tests
NoteFor each performance measurement except test times, the NOC indicates the average value, the minimum and maximum values, and the time and date when minimum and maximum values were achieved
Performance measure DefinitionNet oil Net oil, in barrels or cubic meters, at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°CWater cut Water cut as 0% to 100% at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°CGross flow Volume flow of oil and water, in barrels or cubic meters, at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°CNet water Net water, in barrels or cubic meters, at 60°F, 15°C, or 20°CDrive gain Sensor drive gain in voltsDensity Fluid density, in density unit selected during configurationTemperature Fluid temperature, in temperature unit selected during configurationBack flow Reverse flow rate of all fluidMass flow Mass flow rate of all fluidUncorrected flow Select any of these performance measurements that are not corrected for temperature:
• Uncorrected oil• Uncorrected water• Uncorrected water cut• Uncorrected gross
Test times View the following times:• Test started• Test time elapsed• Transient bubble time
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8 Maintenance
8.1 Alarm messages The NOC performs self-diagnostics during operation. If the NOC detects certain events or conditions, an alarm message appears in the highlight bar at the top of the screen.
If the alarm condition must be acknowledged, press ACK to acknowledge the alarm.
Responding to alarms To respond to an alarm, press HELP, then follow the instructions on the screen.• The help screen explains what the alarm means.• The help screen will tell you what to do. You may
be advised to perform an action, or to contact someone.
• If the help occupies more than one screen, you can read all the help screens by pressing PGDN (page down) or PGUP (page up).
Temperature AlarmNet Oil
↓Actual Rate
13,110.87 bpdAverage Rate
13,050.09 bpdMinimum Flow
12.111.07 bpdMinimum Time/Date
08:23 28 SEPT 1998
HELP ACK
Temperature Alarm
Sensor temperature isoutside the range ofcalculation accuracyfor the NOC applica-tion. This range is0 to 302 degF or -18to 150 degC.
EXIT
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NOC alarm messages The NOC produces alarm messages in the following situations:• Drive gain indicates transient bubbles in the Coriolis sensor.• Process temperature or density goes outside the acceptable range
for the application.• Production measures have been paused for more than 15 minutes in
the continuous operation mode.
Table 8-1 summarizes NOC alarms and lists corrective actions.
Transmitter alarm messages
The ALTUS transmitter produces several types of alarm messages.
The following types of alarms do not drive outputs to fault levels:• Slug flow and output saturation alarms• Totalizer alarms• Calibration and trim alarms• Conditional status alarms
The following types of alarms drive outputs to fault levels:• Critical status fault alarms• Transmitter failure fault alarms• Sensor error fault alarms
Table 8-1. Using NOC alarms
Notes• To get help troubleshooting an alarm message, press HELP, then follow the instructions• To acknowledge an alarm message, press ACK
Alarm message Cause ActionTBR Alarm Transient bubbles in Coriolis sensor • Check for cavitation, flashing, or bubble carry-under
• Monitor density• If desired, increase drive gain above which presence of
transient bubbles will be indicated (see page 23)• If desired, configure NOC to stop the well test if
transient bubbles are detected (see page 23)• If desired, configure NOC to hold last value (see
page 23)Density Alarm Density has gone below 0.6100 g/cc or
has gone above 1.1400 g/cc• Check drive gain to see if gas has caused low density• Check drive gain to see if sediment has caused high
densityTemperature Alarm Temperature has gone below 0°F
(–18°C) or above 302°F (150°C)• Bring temperature within acceptable limits• Temperature is outside the specified accuracy range,
but production is still being measuredPause Alarm Production measurements have been
paused for more than 15 minutes in continuous mode
• Acknowledge alarm• Resume accumulation of production measurements
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Alarms that do not generate fault outputs
Slug flow alarmsConditions such as slug flow (large gas bubbles in a liquid flow stream) adversely affect sensor performance by causing erratic vibration of the flow tubes, which in turn causes the transmitter to produce inaccurate flow signals. If you program slug limits, a slug flow condition causes the transmitter to produce slug flow alarms.
The "Slug Flow" alarm indicates slug flow has occurred for less than the amount of time that is configured for the slug time. Outputs indicating the flow rate remain at the last measured flow rate before the slug flow condition occurred.
The "Slug Timeout" alarm indicates slug flow has occurred for more than the amount of time that is configured for the slug time. If the "Slug Timeout" alarm occurs, outputs indicating the flow rate go to the level that represents zero flow.• All outputs other than flow rate outputs continue to indicate the
measured value for the process variable.• The flowmeter resumes normal operation when density stabilizes
within the programmed slug flow limits.• Slug time can be up to 300 seconds.• If slug time is configured for 0.0 seconds, outputs indicating the flow
rate will go to the level that represents zero flow as soon as slug flow is detected.
Table 8-2 summarizes slug flow alarms and lists corrective actions.
Table 8-2. Using slug flow alarms
Notes• To get help troubleshooting an alarm message, press HELP, then follow the instructions• To acknowledge an alarm message, press ACK
Alarm message Cause ActionSlug Flow • Gas bubbles are causing density to go
below low slug flow limit• Solids are causing process density to
exceed high slug flow limit
• Check process for cavitation, flashing, or leaks• Monitor density• If desired, enter new slug flow limits (see page 26)• If desired, increase slug time (see page 26)
Slug Timeout Slug flow has occurred for more than amount of time configured for slug time
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Output saturation alarmsIf an output variable exceeds the upper range limit or goes below the lower range limit, the transmitter produces an output saturation alarm. The alarm can mean the output variable is outside appropriate limits for the process, or can mean measurement units need to be changed.
Table 8-3 summarizes output saturation alarms and lists corrective actions.
Totalizer alarmsIf the totalizers are operating, the transmitter produces totalizer alarms. Table 8-4 summarizes totalizer alarms and lists corrective actions.
Table 8-3. Using output saturation alarms
Notes
• To get help troubleshooting an alarm message, press HELP, then follow the instructions• To acknowledge an alarm message, press ACK
Alarm message Cause ActionFreq. Out Saturated Frequency output has exceeded 12,500 Hz • Alter fluid process
• Change flow unit (see page 40)• Change frequency and flow values, pulses per unit,
or units per pulse (see pages 40-41)mA Out 1 High Sat Milliamp output 1 has exceeded 20.5 mA • Alter fluid process
• Increase value of variable represented by milliamp output 1 at 20 mA (see page 39)
mA Out 1 Low Sat Milliamp output 1 has gone below 3.8 mA • Alter fluid process• Decrease value of variable represented by
milliamp output 1 at 4 mA (see page 39)mA Out 2 High Sat Milliamp output 2 has exceeded 20.5 mA • Alter fluid process
• Increase value of variable represented by milliamp output 2 at 20 mA (see page 39)
mA Out 2 Low Sat Milliamp output 2 has gone below 3.8 mA • Alter fluid process• Decrease value of variable represented by
milliamp output 2 at 4 mA (see page 39)Drive Overrange • Severely erratic or complete cessation of
flow tube vibration• Plugged flow tube
• Fill sensor with process fluid• Bring flow rate within sensor limit• Purge flow tubes
Table 8-4. Using totalizer alarms
Notes• To get help troubleshooting an alarm message, press HELP, then follow the instructions• To acknowledge an alarm message, press ACK
Alarm message Cause ActionInventory 1 RolloverInventory 2 RolloverInventory 3 Rollover
Inventory totalizer has exceeded rollover value and has rolled over to zero
Press ACK to acknowledge alarm
Totalizer 1 RolloverTotalizer 2 RolloverTotalizer 3 Rollover
Process totalizer has exceeded rollover value and has rolled over to zero
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Calibration and trim alarmsCalibration and trim alarms indicate the following conditions:• An output state or value has been set in the diagnostics menu• Calibration or output trim is in progress• Calibration was aborted by the operator• Calibration is complete
Table 8-5 summarizes calibration and trim alarms and lists corrective actions.
Table 8-5. Using calibration and trim alarms
Notes• To get help troubleshooting an alarm message, press HELP, then follow the instructions• To acknowledge an alarm message, press ACK
Alarm message Cause ActionmA Out 1 Fixed Milliamp output 1 trim or simulation in progress Exit diagnostics menumA Out 2 Fixed Milliamp output 2 trim or simulation in progressFreq. Out Fixed Frequency output trim or simulation in progressCal In Progress • Sensor zero calibration in progress
• Density calibration in progress• Temperature calibration in progress
• If "Calibration Complete" replaces "Cal In Progress", no action
• If "Calibration Failure" replaces "Cal In Progress" and sensor zero was performed, rezero after:- Eliminating mechanical noise, if possible- Completely shutting off flow- Ensuring interior of sensor junction box is
completely dry• If "Calibration Failure" replaces "Cal in Progress"
and density or temperature calibration was performed, recalibrate for density or temperature
Calibration Complete • Sensor zero calibration complete• Density calibration complete• Temperature calibration complete
Press ACK to acknowledge alarm
Calibration Aborted • User aborted sensor zero calibration• User aborted density calibration• User aborted temperature calibration
• Re-initiate calibration procedure• Existing calibration values will remain unchanged
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Conditional status alarmsConditional status alarms occur in the following situations:• During normal startup• During normal operation• After power to the transmitter has been cycled• After a master reset has been performed
Table 8-6 summarizes conditional status alarms and lists corrective actions.
Table 8-6. Using conditional status alarms
Notes• To get help troubleshooting an alarm message, press HELP, then follow the instructions• To acknowledge an alarm message, press ACK
Alarm message Cause ActionPower Reset • Power failure
• Brownout• Power cycle
Check accuracy of totalizers
Master Reset • Master reset has been performed• Software configuration contains default values
• Configure sensor calibration data (see pages 28-35)
• Do not operate transmitter until configuration has been verified
EEPROM Initialized • EEPROM has been cleared and software upgrade has been downloaded
• Software configuration contains default valuesPPI Fault Person-Process Interface failed • Adjust screen contrast (see page 47)
• If problem persists, phone Micro Motion Customer Service (see page 78 for phone numbers)
EEPROM Corrupt EEPROM has temporarily failed or been corrupted If problem persists, phone Micro Motion Customer Service (see page 78 for phone numbers)
EEPROM Error
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Fault outputs Outputs go to fault levels if a fault is detected. The transmitter also produces fault outputs when you perform configuration, calibration, or diagnostic tasks. See Table 8-7 .
The transmitter can be configured to produce downscale, upscale, last measured value, or internal zero fault outputs. See Table 8-8 .• To configure fault outputs, see page 37 and page 40.• The default configuration for fault outputs is downscale.
Table 8-7. Fault output levels
Software mode Output levelsConfiguration Fault levelDiagnostics Fault levelCalibration Active (outputs indicate measured values)Output simulation Active (outputs indicate values at which they are set)
CAUTION
Using last measured value or internal zero may hamper identification of fault outputs.
To make sure fault outputs can be identified, select downscale or upscale.
Table 8-8. Configurations for fault outputs
Fault limit Fault valueDownscale • Milliamp outputs can be configured from 1.0 to 3.6 mA;
default is 3.6 mA• Pulse output goes to 0 Hz
Upscale • Milliamp outputs can be configured from 21.0 to 24.0 mA; default is 22.0 mA
• Pulse output goes to 15,000 HzLast measured value Outputs hold at mA value or frequency that represents the
last measured value for the process variable before the fault occurred
Internal zero • Milliamp outputs go to mA value that represents 0.0 for the process variable
• Pulse output goes to 0 Hz
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Critical status fault alarms Critical status fault alarms occur in the same situations in which conditional status alarms occur (see page 72); however, critical status fault alarms drive outputs to fault levels.
Table 8-9 summarizes critical fault alarms and lists corrective actions.
Transmitter failure fault alarms
When a software or hardware failure occurs, the transmitter produces one of the fault alarms listed in Table 8-10 .
If any of the fault alarm messages listed in Table 8-10 appears on the screen, phone one of the Micro Motion Customer Service telephone numbers listed in Customer service, page 78.
Table 8-9. Using critical status fault alarms
Notes• To get help troubleshooting an alarm message, press HELP, then follow the instructions• To acknowledge an alarm message, press ACK
Alarm message Cause ActionWarming Up • Transmitter is performing self-test
• Outputs remain at fault levels until self-test is complete
Press ACK to acknowledge alarm
Calibration Failure • Sensor zero calibration failed• Density calibration failed• Temperature calibration failed• Outputs remain at fault levels until calibration
has been successfully completed
• If sensor zero calibration was performed, rezero after:- Eliminating mechanical noise, if possible- Completely shutting off flow- Ensuring interior of sensor junction box is
completely dry• If density or temperature calibration was performed,
recalibrate for density or temperatureCharize Required • Master reset has been performed
• Software configuration contains default values• Outputs remain at fault levels until transmitter
has been configured
• Configure sensor calibration data (see pages 28-35)• Do not operate transmitter until configuration has
been verified
CAUTION
Transmitter failure fault alarms are critical, and could result in measurement error.
The transmitter does not have any parts that are serviceable by the user. If a transmitter failure is indicated, phone Micro Motion Customer Service (see page 78 for phone numbers).
Table 8-10. Using transmitter failure fault alarms
Alarm message Cause ActionHardware Failure Hardware has failed Phone Micro Motion Customer Service (see
page 78 for phone numbers)EEPROM Failure EEPROM has failed or been corrupted
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Fault alarms requiring troubleshooting Some fault alarms require troubleshooting to isolate the problem that caused fault outputs to be produced. Fault alarms that require troubleshooting include:• Sensor Failure• Density Failure• Temperature Failure• Temperature Overrange• RTD Failure
If the transmitter produces fault outputs and any of the alarm messages listed at the top of this page appears on the screen, follow these steps to troubleshoot the problem:1. Press ACK, repeatedly if necessary, to clear all
the messages.2. Press VIEW to access the view menu.3. Select Diagnostic Monitor.4. Read the voltage for the drive gain:
a. If drive gain exceeds 8.0 volts or is unstable, see Table 8-11 .
b. If drive gain is less than 8.0 volts, go to step 5, page 76.
CAUTION
During troubleshooting the flowmeter could produce inaccurate output signals, resulting in measurement error.
Set control devices for manual operation before troubleshooting the flowmeter.
Diagnostic Monitor
Drive Gain8.401 V
Tube Frequency100.759 Hz
Live Zero0.010 lb/min
EXIT
ViewDiagnostic monitor
Table 8-11. Troubleshooting excessive drive gain
Symptom Cause Corrective actionDrive gain exceeds 8.0 V or is unstable
Cavitation, flashing, or bubble carry-under • If possible, increase inlet pressure and/or back pressure• If pump is mounted upstream from sensor, increase
distance between pump and sensorPlugged flow tube Purge flow tubes• Drive board failure• Sensor imbalance
Phone Micro Motion Customer Service (see page 78 for phone numbers)
• Sensor failure See step 6, page 77
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5. Unplug sensor wiring terminal blocks at the transmitter.• Figure 8-1 illustrates Model 3500 sensor wiring terminals.• Figure 8-2 illustrates Model 3700 sensor wiring terminals.
Figure 8-1. Model 3500 sensor wiring terminals
Figure 8-2. Model 3700 sensor wiring terminals
Model 3500 with I/O cable(Terminal block attached to DIN rail)
Model 3500 with screw-type or solder-tail wiring connectors
(Middle terminal block on back panel)
red
black (drains)orangewhitegray
brown
yellowvioletgreen
blue
Connect outer braidof shielded or
armored cable here
brown
red
orange
yellow
green
blue
violet
gray
white
black (drains)
Model 3700 wiring terminals(Blue terminal block)
red
brown
yellow
black (drains)
violet
orange
green
white
blue
gray
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6. Measure ohms of resistance between the three wire pairs and wire triplet at the sensor junction box.a. If all measured resistance values are within the ranges listed in
Table 8-12 , the sensor cable is faulty or improperly connected. Repair or replace the cable, or reconnect it according to the 9-Wire Cable Preparation and Installation Instruction Manual.
b. If open or short circuits are found, the sensor case or junction box contains moisture, or the sensor is damaged. See Table 8-13 .
Table 8-12. Nominal resistance ranges for flowmeter circuits
Notes
• Resistance values increase 0.38675 ohms per °C increase in temperature• Nominal resistance values will vary 40% per 100°C. However, confirming an open coil or shorted coil is more important than
any slight deviation from the resistance values presented below• Resistance across blue and gray wires (right pickoff circuit) should be within 10% of resistance across green and white wires
(left pickoff circuit)• Actual resistance values depend on the sensor model and date of manufacture• Readings across wire pairs should be stable. If they are unstable, see Table 8-13
Circuit Wire colorsSensor junction box wiring terminals Nominal resistance range
Drive coil Brown to red 1 to 2 8 to 2650 ΩLeft pickoff Green to white 5 to 9 15.9 to 300 ΩRight pickoff Blue to gray 6 to 8 15.9 to 300 ΩLead length compensator Orange to yellow 3 to 4 Approximately 0 to 1 ΩTemperature sensor Yellow to violet 4 to 7 100 Ω at 0°C + 0.38675 Ω per °C
Table 8-13. Troubleshooting sensor error fault alarms
Notes• To get help troubleshooting an alarm message, press HELP, then follow the instructions• To acknowledge an alarm message, press ACK
Resistance at sensor junction box Cause Alarm message ActionAll resistance values are within the ranges listed in Table 8-12
• Sensor cable is faulty• Sensor cable is improperly
connected
Sensor FailureDensity FailureTemperature FailureRTD FailureTemperature Overrange
• Repair or replace cable• Reconnect cable according to
the 9-Wire Cable Preparation and Installation Instruction Manual
Open or short from green to white (terminal 5 to terminal 9)
• Moisture in sensor case or junction box
• Open or short left pickoff
Sensor FailureDensity Failure
• If sensor case or junction box contains moisture, check for leaking junction box, conduit, or conduit seals
• If sensor case or junction box does not contain moisture, return sensor to Micro Motion
Open or short from blue to gray (terminal 6 to terminal 8)
• Moisture in sensor case or junction box
• Open or short right pickoffOpen or short from red to brown (terminal 2 to terminal 1)
• Moisture in sensor case or junction box
• Open or short drive coilOpen or short from orange to yellow (terminal 3 to terminal 4)
• Moisture in sensor case or junction box
• Open or short lead length compensator
Temperature FailureTemperature Overrange
Open or short from yellow to violet (terminal 4 to terminal 7)
• Moisture in sensor case or junction box
• Open or short RTD
RTD FailureTemperature Overrange
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Active alarm log If the condition that caused an alarm is present, the alarm is listed in the active alarm log.• Each alarm is time/date stamped.• The first alarm listed is the most recent.
The active alarm log can be accessed from the maintenance menu or the view menu.
To access the log from the maintenance menu:1. At the operation screen, press the security button.2. Select Maintenance.3. Select Active Alarm Log.
To access the log from the view menu:1. At the operation screen, press VIEW.2. Select Active Alarm Log.
8.2 Customer service For Customer Service, phone the Micro Motion Customer Service Department:• In the U.S.A., phone 1-800-522-6277, 24 hours.• Outside the U.S.A., phone 303-530-8400,
24 hours.• In Europe, phone +31 (0) 318 549 443.• In Asia, phone (65) 770-8155.
8.3 Setting outputs The software allows you to set the states of discrete outputs or the values of milliamp outputs or the pulse output.
ALARMSActive Alarm Log
Density Alarm17-JUL-98 8:30
Temperature Alarm10-JUL-98 9:04
Alarm-Meas Paused10-JUL-98 5:10
HELP EXIT
CAUTION
While diagnostic tasks are being performed outputs go to their configured settings, resulting in measurement error.
Set control devices for manual operation before accessing the diagnostics menu.
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Setting discrete outputs To set the state of a discrete output:1. Press the security button on the display face.2. Select Maintenance.3. Select Diagnostics.4. Select Simulate Outputs.5. Select Discrete Outputs.6. Select the discrete output to be set.7. Press CHG.8. Use the cursor control buttons to toggle the
output on or off.• YES indicates the output is on.• NO indicates the output is off.
9. Press SAVE to set the state of the output.
When you return to the operation mode, the states of the outputs are released and are again controlled by the application.
Setting milliamp outputs To set the value of a milliamp output:1. Press the security button on the display face.2. Select Maintenance.3. Select Diagnostics.4. Select Simulate Outputs.5. Select Milliamp Outputs.6. Select the milliamp output to be set.7. Press CHG.8. Use the cursor control buttons to change the
output value.9. Press SAVE to set the value.
When you exit to the simulate outputs screen, the output goes to its configured fault setting.
When you return to the operation mode, the values of the outputs are released and are again controlled by the application.
ALARMSDiscrete Outputs
Discrete Output 1YES
Discrete Output 2NO
Discrete Output 3NO
SAVE EXIT
MaintenanceDiagnostics
Simulate outputsDiscrete outputs
ALARMSMilliamp Outputs
Milliamp Output 112.578 mA
Milliamp Output 28.994 mA
SAVE EXIT
MaintenanceDiagnostics
Simulate outputsMilliamp outputs
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Setting the frequency output To set the value of the frequency output:1. Press the security button on the display face.2. Select Maintenance.3. Select Diagnostics.4. Select Simulate Outputs.5. Select Frequency Output.6. Press CHG.7. Use the cursor control buttons to change the
output value.8. Press SAVE to set the value.
When you exit to the simulate outputs screen, the output goes to its configured fault setting.
When you return to the operation mode, the value of the output is released and is again controlled by the application.
8.4 Density calibration At the factory, Micro Motion calibrates each NOC to work with a specific sensor. The NOC requires a field density calibration in the following situations:• The sensor flow tubes have become permanently
coated.• The sensor flow tubes have eroded.
If density calibration is necessary, use any of the following methods to calibrate the NOC:• Duplicate the factory calibration, as instructed on
page 81.• Duplicate a previous field calibration, as
instructed on page 82.• Use two fluids with known densities to perform a
density calibration, as instructed on pages 83-86.
Density unit for calibration Density calibration requires reading and entering density values in grams per cubic centimeter.
ALARMSFrequency Output
Frequency Output5,258 Hz
SAVE EXIT
MaintenanceDiagnostics
Simulate outputsFrequency output
CAUTION
Selecting configuration will interrupt measurement and control functions. All outputs will go to their configured fault settings.
Set control devices for manual operation before accessing configuration menus.
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To change the density unit:1. Press the security button on the display face.2. Select Configuration.3. Select Inputs.4. Select Coriolis.5. Select Config Process Var.6. Select Density.7. At the density menu:
a. Select Density Units.b. Press CHG.c. Select g/cc, then press SAVE.
Duplicating the factory calibration To duplicate the factory calibration:1. Press the security button on the display face.2. Select Configuration.3. Select Inputs.4. Select Coriolis.5. Select Sensor Cal Data.6. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to configure density calibration values.• Density calibration values include D1 and D2
density values, K1 and K2 tube periods, the flowing density correction factor, and the density calibration temperature coefficient.
• To configure density calibration values, see pages 30-34.
• Density calibration values should be entered from the sensor serial number tag or factory calibration certificate.
• Tags and certificates vary in appearance, depending on the sensor model number and manufacturing date. See pages 30-33.
Density↓
Density Unitsg/cc
Density Damping1.7 sec
Slug Low Limit0.000000 g/cc
Slug High Limit1.000000 g/cc
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationInputs
CoriolisConfig process var
Density
Sensor Cal Data↓↑
D10.000000
D21.000000
K15000.000
K250000.000
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationInputs
CoriolisSensor cal data
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Duplicating a previous calibration
To duplicate a previous calibration, refer to the density factors that are recorded in the NOC configuration record (Appendix A ), then follow these steps:1. Press the security button on the display face.2. Select Configuration.3. Select Inputs.4. Select Coriolis.5. Select Sensor Cal Data.6. Use the function buttons and the cursor control
buttons to enter D1, D2, K1, K2, FD, and dens temp coeff values from the worksheet.
CAUTION
Selecting configuration will interrupt measurement and control functions. All outputs will go to their configured fault settings.
Set control devices for manual operation before accessing configuration menus.
Sensor Cal Data↓↑
D10.000000
D21.000000
K15000.000
K250000.000
CHG HELP EXIT
ConfigurationInputs
CoriolisSensor cal data
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Two-point density calibration
During 2-point density calibration, you command the transmitter to measure the sensor tube period when the flow tubes contain a fluid with a reference low density (usually air) and when the flow tubes contain a fluid with a reference high density (usually water).
Two-point density calibration is preferably performed under zero flow conditions. The calibration procedure includes a low-density calibration and a high-density calibration. If necessary, you can perform only the high-density calibration.
To prepare for the density calibration:1. Use produced water to flush the flow line.2. Remove the sensor from the flow line.3. Drain the fluid from the sensor.4. Rinse the sensor tubes with toluene at least twice, then rinse the
tubes with acetone at least twice. Use another oil solvent if toluene or acetone is not available.
5. Use compressed air to blow the sensor dry until residual acetone or other solvent has been completely evaporated.
6. If sensor wiring was disconnected at step 2, reconnect the wiring and cycle power off, then on.
7. Wait approximately 5 minutes for the sensor flow tubes to achieve the ambient air temperature.
CAUTION
Selecting calibration will interrupt control functions. All control outputs will go to their configured idle settings.
Set control devices for manual operation before accessing calibration menus.
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To perform the low-density calibration:1. Prepare the sensor for density calibration as
instructed on page 83.2. Fill the sensor with a low-density fluid, such as air.3. Use any established method to derive an
accurate density, in grams per cubic centimeter, for the fluid at line conditions. If air is the low-density calibration fluid, a value from Table 8-14 can be used for the density. (Specific gravity x 0.9991 = grams per cubic centimeter.)
4. Press the security button on the display face.5. Select Maintenance.6. Select Calibration.7. Select Density.8. Select Low Density.9. At the low density menu:10.Select Density D1, then press CHG.11.Enter the line-condition density in grams per
cubic centimeter , then press SAVE.12.Select Calibrate Density, then press CHG.13.After calibration is complete, an alarm message
appears at the top of the screen. Press ACK to acknowledge the alarm.
14.Press SAVE to save the calibration.15.Perform the high-density calibration as instructed
on pages 85-86.
ALARMSLow Density
Density D10.000000 g/cc
Calibrate Density
CHG HELP EXIT
MaintenanceCalibration
DensityLow density
Table 8-14. Density of air in grams per cubic centimeter
Pressure in millibar (inches of mercury)
Temperature in °C and °F10°C50°F
15°C59°F
20°C68°F
25°C77°F
30°C86°F
35°C95°F
40°C104°F
45°C113°F
50°C122°F
850 (25.14) .0010 .0010 .0010 .0010 .0010 .0010 .0009 .0009 .0009900 (26.62) .0011 .0011 .0011 .0010 .0010 .0010 .0010 .0010 .0009950 (28.10) .0012 .0011 .0011 .0011 .0011 .0011 .0010 .0010 .00101000 (29.57) .0012 .0012 .0012 .0012 .0011 .0011 .0011 .0011 .00111050 (31.06) .0013 .0013 .0012 .0012 .0012 .0012 .0012 .0011 .0011
If the actual atmospheric pressure is not known, use the following equation:
Air density in g/cc 0.0012 1 0.000032 Elevation in feet×( )–[ ]×=
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To perform the high-density calibration:1. Perform the low-density calibration as instructed on page 84.2. Press EXIT to return to the density menu.3. Fill the sensor with a high-density fluid, such as tap water or distilled
water.4. If possible, shut off the flow. Otherwise, pump the fluid through the
sensor at the lowest flow rate allowed by the process. The flow rate must be less than rate listed in Table 8-15 , or the calibration will fail.
Table 8-15. Maximum flow rates for high-density calibration
Maximum flow rate
Sensor model lb/min kg/hELITE® CMF010 1 27
CMF025 20 545CMF050 62 1700CMF100 250 6800CMF200 800 21,775CMF300 2500 68,040
BASIS® F025 10 272F050 31 850F100 125 3400F200 400 10,887
Model D D6 0.5 13D12 1 33D25 6 170D40 11 306D65 75 2040D100 200 5445D150 700 19,050D300 1750 47,625D600 6250 170,100
Model DH DH6 0.5 13DH12 1 33DH25 6 170DH38 12 340DH100 200 5445DH150 700 19,050DH300 1750 47,625
Model DL DL65 62 1695DL100 200 5445DL200 875 23,812
Model DT DT65 75 2040DT100 200 5445DT150 350 9525
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5. To ensure stable density, make sure the fluid in the flow tubes remains completely free of gas bubbles during the calibration. Using a rubber hammer, tap on the sensor case to dislodge any air bubbles that might be clinging to the flow tubes.
6. Wait approximately five minutes for the sensor tubes to achieve the same temperature as the high-density calibration fluid.
7. Use any established method to derive an accurate density, in grams per cubic centimeter, for the fluid at line conditions. If tap water is the high-density calibration fluid, a value from Table 8-16 can be used for the density. (Specific gravity x 0.9991 = grams per cubic centimeter.)
8. Select High Density.9. At the high density menu:10.Select Density D2, then press CHG.11.Enter the line-condition density in grams per
cubic centimeter , then press SAVE.12.Select Calibrate Density, then press CHG.13.After calibration is complete, an alarm message
appears at the top of the screen. Press ACK to acknowledge the alarm.
14.Press SAVE to save the calibration.
ALARMSHigh Density
Density D20.100000 g/cc
Calibrate Density
CHG HELP EXIT
MaintenanceCalibration
DensityHigh density
Table 8-16. Density of water
Temperature Densityin g/cc
Temperature Densityin g/cc°F °C °F °C
323334353637383940
0.00.61.11.72.22.83.33.94.4
0.99980.99980.99990.99990.99990.99990.99991.00001.0000
596061626364656667
15.015.616.116.717.217.818.318.919.4
0.99910.99910.99890.99890.99880.99870.99860.99840.9983
414243444546474849
5.05.66.16.77.27.88.38.99.4
0.99990.99990.99990.99990.99990.99990.99980.99980.9998
686970717273747576
20.020.621.121.722.222.823.323.924.4
0.99820.99810.99800.99800.99790.99770.99750.99730.9972
505152535455565758
10.010.611.111.712.212.813.313.914.4
0.99970.99960.99960.99950.99950.99940.99940.99920.9992
77787980818283848586
25.025.626.126.727.227.828.328.929.430.0
0.99700.99690.99680.99660.99640.99630.99610.99600.99580.9956
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9 Laboratory Determination ofDry Oil and ProducedWater Densities
9.1 Reasons for using live oil density
To enable the most accurate possible water cut and net oil measurements, "live oil" density rather than "dead oil" density should be programmed into the NOC. "Live oil" refers to the crude oil at line conditions. Reducing the operating pressure to atmospheric pressure causes the live oil to lose its solution gas or light-end components and become a dead oil at a greater density than when it was under pressure.
The difference between the density of live oil and the density of dead oil can be quite significant, depending on the gas-to-oil (GOR) ratio and the separator pressure and temperature. If dead oil density is used, water cut measurements will be too low, and net oil will be too high.
This chapter describes the laboratory method for measuring dry oil and produced water densities.• The method involves using a precision density meter to determine
the density of a liquid sample taken from the flow line.• The method requires correcting measured densities of dry oil and
produced water to 60°F.
To obtain an IBM-compatible software program for computing corrected crude oil and produced water densities, phone the Micro Motion Customer Service Department:• In the U.S.A., phone 1-800-522-6277, 24 hours.• Outside the U.S.A., phone 303-530-8400, 24 hours.• In Europe, phone +31 (0) 318 549 443.• In Asia, phone (65) 770-8155.
9.2 Laboratory density measurement
The laboratory method requires the equipment listed in Table 9-1 .
Table 9-1. Laboratory equipment for determining live oil and produced water densities
Equipment Suggested supplier Model numberPrecision lab density meter (0.0001 g/cc accuracy) Anton Paar DMA48*Pressure adaptor for density meter (80 psig or lower)High-pressure density measuring cell (80 psig or higher) DMA512Thermostating circulating water bath Neslab RTE-1000Stainless steel sample cylinders (500 ml capacity) Whitey 316L-HDF4-500Stainless steel ¼-inch valve SS-33VM4-S4Stainless steel ¼-inch tubing No specific supplierNitrogen cylinder equipped with pressure regulatorPressure gauges*The standard Anton Paar density meter measures liquid density at atmospheric pressure. When fitted with a pressure adaptor, the meter can operate up to 80 psig. When coupled with an external stainless steel measuring cell such as the Model DMA512, the DMA48 can measure liquid density up to 5500 psig.
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Taking a sample from the flow line
Locate the sample port downstream from the sensor, as shown in Figure 9-1 . The sampling port should protrude into the flow line, with the probe opening situated near the center of the flow pipe. To ensure a representative sampling, install a static mixer immediately upstream from the sample port.
Use one of the following sampling procedures:• Method 1 involves using a water-filled sample cylinder if separator
pressure is higher than 80 psig, or where flexible stainless steel tubing is not available.
• Method 2 involves using an empty sample cylinder if separator pressure is less than 80 psig, or where flexible stainless steel tubing is available.
Figure 9-1. Sample port for laboratory density measurement
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Method 1Use a water-filled sample cylinder if separator pressure is higher than 80 psig, or when flexible stainless steel tubing is not available.1. Fill the clean sample cylinder with produced water, preferably the
water from the well being tested or water with similar salinity. Pressurizing the sample cylinder is not necessary.
2. Connect the sample cylinder to the sampling port as shown in Figure 9-2 . Close V-1, V-2, V-3, and V-4.
3. Open V-1, then open V-4 to purge the connecting lines briefly. Close V-4 and open V-2 to equalize the pressure in the sample cylinder.
4. Slowly open V-3 to draw liquid into the sample cylinder and to displace the water in the sample cylinder.
5. Close V-3 when a trace of oil appears at the drain port.6. Wait for a few minutes to allow the free water to settle in the sample
cylinder. The wait time varies, depending on whether the oil and water are readily separable.
7. Slowly open V-3 to drain the free water from the bottom drain port and to allow additional liquid sample to flow into the sample cylinder. Close V-3 when a trace of oil appears at the drain port.
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 several times until the amount of free water drained is less than 50 ml. This indicates that a sufficient amount of oil/water emulsion has been collected in the sample cylinder.
9. Close V-1, V-2, and V-3. Open V-4 to depressurize the sample line.10. Remove the sample cylinder. Record well I.D., sample pressure, and
sample temperature.
Figure 9-2. Laboratory sampling procedure using water-filled cylinder
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Method 2Use an empty sample cylinder if separator pressure is less than 80 psig, or where flexible stainless steel tubing is available.1. Connect an empty sample cylinder to the sampling port as shown in
Figure 9-3(A) , with V-1, V-2, V-3 and V-4 closed. The outlet port should point upward at about 75 degrees from horizontal.
2. Open V-1, then open V-2.3. Slowly open V-3 to withdraw liquid sample into the sample cylinder
and purge the air out of the sample cylinder. Close V-3 when a trace of liquid appears at the outlet port.
4. Secure the sample cylinder to a support base as shown inFigure 9-3(B) . Outlet V-3 should point downward.
5. Wait for a few minutes to allow the free water to separate in the sample cylinder. The wait time varies, depending on whether oil and water are readily separable.
6. Slowly open V-3 slowly to drain the free water from V-3 and withdraw oil/water mixture into the sample cylinder. Close V-3 when a trace of oil appears at the outlet port.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 several times until the amount of free water drained is less than about 50 ml. This indicates that a sufficient amount of oil/water emulsion has been collected in the sample cylinder.
8. Close V-1, V-2, and V-3. Open V-4 to depressurize the sample lines.9. Remove the sample cylinder. Record well I.D., sample pressure, and
temperature.
Figure 9-3. Laboratory sampling procedure using empty cylinder
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Processing sample and measuring densities
1. Secure the sample cylinder in an upright position for a sufficient period of time (overnight, for example) to allow additional free water to settle. If the emulsion is very tight, place the entire sample cylinder in a heated oven or hot bath, or use a temperature-regulated heating tape to enhance oil-water separation.
2. If the sample cylinder is heated, allow it to cool to ambient temperature before proceeding.
3. Connect the sample cylinder between the nitrogen cylinder and a high precision laboratory density meter.• If operating pressure is lower than 80 psig, use the setup shown
in Figure 9-4 , page 92.• If operating pressure is higher than 80 psig, use the setup
shown in Figure 9-5 , page 92.4. Close all valves (V-1 through V-6).5. Set nitrogen pressure at 10 psi higher than the separator pressure.6. Calibrate the laboratory density meter in accordance with
manufacturer's instruction. To prevent flashing of solution gas in the crude oil, set the temperature of the density meter at least 10°F below the separator temperature.
7. Slowly open V-1 and V-2 to equalize the pressure in the sample cylinder. Leave V-1 and V-2 open throughout the entire density determination process.
8. Open V-3, then slowly open V-4 to drain the free water into a beaker. Save about 20 ml of clean water for later use.
9. Continue to drain the remaining free water from the sample cylinder until a trace of crude oil appears in the outlet port. Continue to drain and discard about 10 ml of oil water mixture. Close V-4.
10. Slowly open V-5 to equalize the pressure in the density meter.11. Slowly open V-6 downstream from the density meter to allow a few
milliliters of crude oil to flow through the density meter. Turn on the compartment light of the density meter to make sure no gas bubbles are present in the density meter tube.
12. Turn off the compartment light of the density meter. Wait a few minutes for the displayed density reading to stabilize.
13. Repeat steps 11 and 12 several times until the difference between the two consecutive density readings is less than or equal to 0.0002 g/cc.
14. Slowly open V-6 and drain about 60 to 70 ml of the sample into a separate container.
15. Record the density of the sample remaining in the density meter. Record the density reading as "emulsion" density (Det).
16. Use a centrifuge method or another acceptable method (distillation, Karl-Fischer, etc.) to determine the water cut of the oil/water mixture sample collected in step 14. Report the water cut value as Xw, in volume fraction.
17. If the low-pressure setup in Figure 9-4 is used, disassemble the pressure adaptor from the density meter and use a proper solvent to clean the density meter.
18. Using a plastic-tip hypodermic syringe, inject the produced water obtained at step 8 into the density meter. Report the reading as Dwta ("a" stands for atmospheric pressure).
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19. Apply a small compressibility term to correct the water density from atmospheric to separator pressure, as follows:
Figure 9-4. Laboratory density measurement system, low pressure
Figure 9-5. Laboratory density measurement system, high pressure
Dwt Dwta 0.000003 Ps×+=
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10 In-Line Determination ofLive Oil and ProducedWater Densities
10.1 Reasons for using live oil density
To enable the most accurate possible water cut and net oil measurements, "live oil" density rather than "dead oil" density should be programmed into the NOC. "Live oil" refers to the crude oil at line conditions. Reducing the operating pressure to atmospheric pressure causes the live oil to lose its solution gas or light-end components and become a dead oil at a greater density than when it was under pressure.
The difference between the density of live oil and the density of dead oil can be quite significant, depending on the gas-to-oil (GOR) ratio and the separator pressure and temperature. If dead oil density is used, water cut measurements will be too low, and net oil will be too high.
This chapter describes the in-line method for measuring dry oil and produced water densities, using the density determination software in the ALTUS™ NOC.
10.2 In-line density determination
Use the in-line method for determining dry oil and produced water densities in situations where dry oil or a stable emulsion can be obtained under separator conditions.
Density determination procedures
Density determination involves the following procedures:• Measuring and saving or manually entering the water density.
(Manual entry is usually done when water cut is low. Obtain a water sample from the water trap or drain cock on the separator.)
• Measuring and saving the oil density.• Entering the water cut.
CAUTION
Selecting calibration will interrupt control functions. All control outputs will go to their configured idle settings.
Set control devices for manual operation before accessing calibration menus.
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Measuring and saving the water density To determine water density by measuring and saving density and temperature values:1. Press the security button on the display face.2. Select Maintenance.3. Select Calibration.4. Select Density Determination.5. If the NOC is configured to operate in well test
mode, select the number of the well that will be determined, then press CHG. If the NOC is configured to operate in continuous mode, skip to step 8.
6. Select the well that will be determined, then press SAVE.
7. Switch in the well to be determined, making sure the production fluid from the previous well has been completely purged. This can be done by leaving the well flowing into the separator for a sufficient length of time, or draining the test separator completely before switching the well.
Which Well?
Wells 1 to 12
Wells 13 to 24
Wells 25 to 36
Wells 37 to 48
CHG EXIT
MaintenanceCalibration
Density determination
Wells 1 to 12↓
01: Tinsley 22-14b02: N Cowden 24-17a03: R Dutton 36-13c04: B Olsen 23-15d05: 13-24-44-5E606: 08-11-23-6E207: 18-44-04-3W508: 12-28-36-6W7
SAVE EXIT
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8. The display indicates the time and date of the last water density and oil density determination. Press YES to continue the density determination procedure.
9. Select Water Density.
10. Select Measure & Save.11. Switch out the well that is connected to the test
separator.12. Close the outlet valve (the one located
downstream from the sensor). Wait for the phases to separate in the separator. The separation usually requires 5 to 15 minutes. See Figure 10-1 .
Well #1
Last Water Density09:32 21 OCT 1998
Last Oil Density10:15 21 OCT 1998
Continue?
YES EXIT
Density Determination
Water DensityOil DensityEnter Water Cut
SEL HELP EXIT
Water Density
Manually EnterMeasure & Save
SEL HELP EXIT
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In-Line Determination of Live Oil and Produced Water Densities continued
13. Press RESET to reset the volume total to 0. Resetting the volume total enables you to monitor the amount of fluid that remains in the separator, if the separator volume is known. To approximate the amount of fluid in the separator, see pages 97-98.
14. Open the outlet valve to allow the free water accumulated in the separator to flow through the sensor.
15. Monitor the density and temperature, watching for readings to stabilize.
Figure 10-1. Stratification with no flow
Measure & Save
Actual Water Density1.0123 g/cc
Actual Temperature98.6 degF
Volume0.2 bbl
Actual Rate352.2 bbl/day
START RESET EXIT
Oil
Sensor
Outlet valveWater
Emulsion layer
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Figure 10-2. Diameter and length of cylindrical vessel
Table 10-1. Approximate capacity of cylindrical vessels
NoteWhen measurements are in feet:
Level in tank Value of P100% 190% 0.94880% 0.857770% 0.747760% 0.626550% 0.540% 0.373530% 0.252320% 0.142310% 0.052
Table 10-2. Approximate capacity of spherical ends
NoteFor vessels with spherical ends, add the following amounts in gallons:
Tank diameter in feet
Level in tank 4 6 8 10100% 256 864 2048 400090% 249 840 1991 388880% 229 774 1835 358470% 201 677 1606 313660% 166 560 1327 259250% 128 432 1024 200040% 90 304 721 140830% 55 187 442 86420% 27 90 213 41610% 7 24 57 112
Gallons of liquid in tank P D D L 5.875××××=
/#
'
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16. When density and temperature readings stabilize, press START.• The NOC averages water density and
temperature values for the amount of time programmed for the water density average (see page 18 or page 21).
• If you wish to stop the procedure while the water density and temperature are being averaged, press STOP.
Example: Find the approximate number of gallons of liquid in a horizontal vessel with spherical ends if the vessel has a diameter of 4 feet, a length of 10 feet, and a liquid level at 2 feet, 9 inches.
A liquid level of 2 feet, 9 inches is approximately 70% of the capacity of a tank with a 4-foot diameter:
0.7477 x D x D x 10 x 5.875 = 702.8 gallons, or approximately 703 gallons.
Add 201 gallons to 703 gallons for the spherical ends.
The approximate amount of liquid in the tank is 904 gallons, or 21 barrels.
2.75 feet4 feet
----------------------- 68% full=
Measure & Save
Actual Water Density1.0123 g/cc
Actual Temperature98.6 degF
Volume0.2 bbl
Actual Rate358.3 bbl/day
START RESET EXIT
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17. After the NOC has averaged the water density and temperature for the programmed amount of time, the screen at left appears.
18. Compare the average water density at reference temperature (Av Watr Density @ Ref) to the water density that is currently being used (Current Dens @ Ref).• To save the averaged water density at the
reference temperature, press SAVE.• To continue using the water density that is
currently being used, press EXIT.• To average the water density again, repeat
steps 1-16.
Manually entering the water density If the separator does not contain enough water to determine a stable flowing density, use the manual entry method to determine water density and temperature.
To determine water density by manually entering density and temperature values:1. Press the security button on the display face.2. Select Maintenance.3. Select Calibration.4. Select Density Determination.5. If the NOC is configured to operate in well test
mode, select the number of the well that will be determined, then press CHG. If the NOC is configured to operate in continuous mode, skip to step 8.
Measure & Save
Av Watr Density @ Ref1.0124 g/cc
Av Water Density at10:15 29 OCT 1998
Current Dens @ Ref1.0125 g/cc
Current Dens Saved10:54 3 MAR 1998
SAVE HELP EXIT
Which Well?
Wells 1 to 12
Wells 13 to 24
Wells 25 to 36
Wells 37 to 48
CHG EXIT
MaintenanceCalibration
Density determination
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6. Select the well that will be determined, then press SAVE.
7. Switch in the well to be tested, making sure the production fluid from the previous well has been completely purged. This can be done by leaving the well flowing into the separator for a sufficient length of time, or draining the test separator completely before switching the well.
8. The display indicates the time and date of the last water density and oil density determination. Press YES to continue the density determination procedure.
9. Select Water Density.
Wells 1 to 12↓
01: Tinsley 22-14b02: N Cowden 24-17a03: R Dutton 36-13c04: B Olsen 23-15d05: 13-24-44-5E606: 08-11-23-6E207: 18-44-04-3W508: 12-28-36-6W7
SAVE EXIT
Well #1
Last Water Density09:32 21 OCT 1998
Last Oil Density10:15 21 OCT 1998
Continue?
YES EXIT
Density Determination
Water DensityOil DensityEnter Water Cut
SEL HELP EXIT
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10. Select Manually Enter.11. Switch out the well that is connected to the test
separator.12. Close the outlet valve (the one located
downstream from the sensor). Wait for the phases to separate in the separator. The separation usually requires 5 to 15 minutes.
13. Take a water sample from the bottom of the test separator or the water trap. See Figure 10-3 .
14. Place a lid on the sample container and allow the sample to cool to near-ambient temperature.
15. Use a hygrometer to measure the water density and a thermometer to measure the water temperature. See Figure 10-4 .
Figure 10-3. Taking a water sample from the separator
Figure 10-4. Using a hygrometer to measure water density
Water Density
Manually EnterMeasure & Save
SEL HELP EXIT
Oil
Sensor
Outlet valveEmulsion layer
Water sample container
Water sample container
Hygrometer
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16. The display indicates the water density and reference temperature that are currently being used.
17. At the water density screen:a. Enter the water sample density that was
measured at step 15. (Specific gravity x 0.9991 = grams per cubic centimeter.)
b. Enter the water sample temperature that was measured at step 15.
c. Select Calculate at Ref, then press CHG. The NOC then calculates the water density at the reference temperature.
18. Compare the entered water density at reference temperature (Watr Density @ Ref) to the water density that is currently being used (Current Dens @ Ref).• To save the entered water density at the
reference temperature, press SAVE.• To continue using the water density that is
currently being used, press EXIT.
Water Density
Water Density1.0000 g/cc
Water Temperature60.00 degF
Calculate at Ref
CHG HELP EXIT
Water Density
Water Density1.0025 g/cc
Water Temperature98.61 degF
Calculate at Ref
CHG HELP EXIT
Manually Enter
Watr Density @ Ref1.0087 g/cc
Water Density at10:15 29 OCT 1998
Current Dens @ Ref1.0083 g/cc
Current Dens Saved10:54 3 MAR 1998
SAVE HELP EXIT
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Measuring and saving the oil density To measure and save the oil density:1. Allow the fluid level in the separator to drop by
continuing to drain water from the bottom of the shut-in separator, through the outlet valve
2. At the density determination screen, select Oil Density.
3. Monitor the density until it stabilizes at a density value that indicates live oil is flowing through the sensor.
4. Press START.• The NOC averages oil density and
temperature values for the amount of time programmed for the oil density average (see page 18 or page 21).
• If you wish to stop the procedure while the oil density and temperature are being averaged, press STOP.
5. While oil density and temperature are being averaged, take a sample for use in entering the water cut. See Figure 10-5 . (To enter the water cut, see pages 104-105.)
Figure 10-5. Taking an oil sample
Density Determination
Water DensityOil DensityEnter Water Cut
SEL HELP EXIT
Oil Density
Actual Oil Density0.8765 g/cc
Actual Temperature123.4 degF
Volume2.6 bbl
Actual Rate358.3 bbl/day
START RESET EXIT
SensorOutlet valve
Oil pad
Oil sample for use in measuring water cut (see pages 104-105)
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6. After the NOC has averaged the oil density and temperature for the programmed amount of time, the screen depicted at left appears.• To save the averaged oil density and
temperature, press SAVE. See below to enter the water cut.
• To continue using the oil density that is currently being used, press EXIT.
• To average the oil density again, press EXIT, then press START.
The NOC will not begin using the most recently averaged oil density until a water cut value has been entered as instructed below.
Entering the water cut After the average oil density has been saved, the display returns to the density determination screen. To enter the water cut:1. After taking an oil sample as instructed at step 5,
page 103, use a standard procedure (centrifuge, distillation, Karl-Fischer, etc.) to measure the water cut in volume percent.
2. Select Enter Water Cut.
Oil Density
Av Oil Density0.8765 g/cc
Average Temperature123.4 degF
Volume2.9 bbl
Actual Rate368.3 bbl/day
SAVE HELP EXIT
Density Determination
Water DensityOil DensityEnter Water Cut
SEL HELP EXIT
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3. Select Water Cut, then press CHG.4. Enter the water cut that was measured at step 1,
then press SAVE.5. Select Calculate at Ref, then press CHG. The
NOC calculates the oil density at the reference temperature.
6. After the oil density at reference temperature has been calculated, compare the calculated density to the density that is currently being used.• To save the calculated density, press SAVE.• If you want the NOC to continue using the
previously calculated density (Current Dens @ Ref), press EXIT.
7. At the Warning screen:• Select Yes to use the most recently
determined density for calculating net oil and water cut
• Select No to use the previously determined density for calculating net oil and water cut
Enter Water Cut
Water Cut3.2%
Apply to Sample Taken10:33 29 OCT 1998
Calculate at Ref
SAVE HELP EXIT
Oil Density @ Ref
Oil Density @ Ref0.8968 g/cc
Oil Density At10:33 29 OCT 1998
Current Dens @ Ref0.8966 g/cc
Current Dens Saved11:09 3 MAR 1998
SAVE HELP EXIT
--Warning--
Saving this valuewill result in theuse of this densityin all future calcu-lations of net oil &water cut for thiswell, separator, orpipeline.CONTINUE?
YES NO
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11 Sensitivity Analysis
11.1 Error factors The accuracy of water cut and net oil measurements obtained by the NOC is sensitive to the accuracy of the following parameters:• Density of dry crude oil (input to NOC)• Density of produced water (input to NOC)• Density of oil/water mixture (measured by mass flowmeter)• Mass flow rate (measured by mass flowmeter)• Presence of free gas (system upset)
11.2 Individual sensitivity Table 11-1 lists formulas for calculating the uncertainty of water cut and net oil volume caused by the uncertainty of each of the independent parameters listed above.
Table 11-1. Uncertainty factors for percent water cut and percent net oil
Variable % water cut uncertainty 1 % net oil uncertainty 2
Dry crude oil density (Do)3
Water density (Dw)3
Mixture density (De)3
Mass flow rate (Me)4 No effect
Free gas content5
1 The water cut uncertainty is defined as: (Indicated water cut – True water cut) X 100%2 The net oil volume uncertainty is defined as: (Indicated oil volume – True oil volume) ÷ (True oil volume) X 100%3 Do, Dw, and De refer to, respectively, density (in g/cc) of crude oil, produced water, and oil/water mixture.
δDo, δDw, and δDe refer to, respectively, uncertainty of density (in g/cc) of crude oil, produced water and oil/water mixture4 Me denotes mass flow rate of the mixture, δMe denotes uncertainty of mass flow rate5 Xw denotes water cut, and δXg denotes free gas content, both in volume fraction
100 1 Xw–( )×–Dw Do–( )
------------------------------------------ δDo( )× 100Dw Do–( )
--------------------------- δDo( )×
100 Xw×–Dw Do–( )
---------------------------- δDw( )× 100 Xw×Dw Do–( ) 1 Xw–( )×
--------------------------------------------------------- δDw( )×
100Dw Do–( )
--------------------------- δDe( )× 100Dw Do–( ) 1 Xw–( )×
--------------------------------------------------------- δDe( )×
100Me---------- δMe( )×
100 Do×–Dw Do–( )
--------------------------- δXg( )× 100 Do×Dw Do–( ) 1 Xw–( )×
--------------------------------------------------------- δXg( )×
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11.3 Overall uncertainty Use the following formula to estimate the overall uncertainty:
Where:δDo = Dry oil density uncertainty δDw = Produced water density uncertaintyδDe = Mixture density uncertaintyδMe = Mass flow rate uncertaintyδXg = Free gas content
Overall uncertainty = δDo2 δDw2 δDe2 δMe2 δXg2+ + + +( )
0.5
Example 1: No free gas in liquid stream.
Given:Metering temperature, tDry crude oil density, DoProduced water density, DwMeasured mixture Density, DeWater cut, Xw
Dry oil density uncertainty, δDoProduced water density uncertainty, δDwMixture density uncertainty, δDeMass flow rate uncertainty, δMe/MeFree gas content, δXg
= 60°F= 0.8600 g/cc= 1.0350 g/cc= 0.9913 g/cc= 0.75 (75%)
= 0.0005 g/cc= 0.0005 g/cc= 0.0005 g/cc= 0.0015 g/cc= 0.00 (0.00%)
Effect of dry oil density variation:
Over-estimating dry oil density would cause water cut to read low, net oil volume to read high.
Effect of produced water density variation:
Over-estimating produced water density would cause water cut to read low, net oil volume to read high.
δ water cut 100– 1 0.75–( )×1.0350 0.8600–( )----------------------------------------------- 0.0005× 0.07%–= =
δ net oil 1001.0350 0.8600–( )----------------------------------------------- 0.0005× 0.29%= =
δ water cut 100– 0.75×1.0350 0.8600–( )----------------------------------------------- 0.0005× 0.21%–= =
δ net oil 100 0.75×1.0350 0.8600–( ) 1 0.75–( )×------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.0005× 0.86%= =
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Example 1 (continued): Effect of accuracy of measured mixture density:
Over-estimating mixture density would cause water cut to read high, net oil volume to read low.
Effect of accuracy of measured mass flow rate:
Overall effect from all variables:
δ water cut 1001.0350 0.8600–( )
----------------------------------------------- 0.0005× 0.29%= =
δ net oil 100–1.0350 0.8600–( ) 1 0.75–( )×
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.0005× 1.16%–= =
δ water cut 0% (no effect)=
δ net oil 0.15%=
δ water cut 0.07%–( )2 0.21–( )2 0.29( )2+ +[ ]
0.50.36%= =
δ net oil 0.29( )2 0.86( )2 1.16–( )2 0.15( )2+ + +[ ]
0.51.48%= =
Example 2: Free gas in liquid stream.
Given:Metering temperature, tDry crude oil density, DoProduced water density, DwMeasured mixture Density, DeWater Cut, Xw
Free gas content, Xg
= 60°F= 0.8600 g/cc= 1.0350 g/cc= 0.9913 g/cc= 0.75 (75%)
= 0.005 (0.5%)
Free gas in the liquid stream causes water cut to read low, net oil to read high.
δ water cut 100– 0.8600×1.0350 0.8600–( )----------------------------------------------- 0.005× 2.46%–= =
δ net oil 100 0.8600×1.0350 0.8600–( ) 1 0.75–( )×------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.005× 9.83%= =
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pro
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s
Net
oil_
1.b
k P
age
111
Fri
day,
Ma
y 12
, 200
0 1
1:02
AM
112 ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual
Software Diagrams continued
12.2 View menu in continuous modeWell performance meas View performance meas Net oil
Water cut
Gross flow
Net water
Drive gain
Density
Temperature
Back flow
Mass flow
Uncorrected flow Uncorrected oil
Uncorrected waterQuick view Average net oil rate
Uncorrected water cutNet oil total
Uncorrected grossAverage water cut
Average gross rate
Gross total
Average/total since
Elapsed time
Transient bubble time
Pause/resume
Reset
Process totalizers Process
InventoryActive alarm log
LCD options
Diagnostic monitor
Application list
Power outage
Netoil_1.bk Page 112 Friday, May 12, 2000 11:02 AM
ALT
US
™ N
et O
il C
ompu
ter
Man
ual
113
Softw
are
Diag
ram
s co
ntin
ued
In-Line Density Determination Sensitivity Analysis Software DiagramsWell Test Mode Maintenance Laboratory Density
Determination
12.3
Conf
igur
atio
n m
enu
Wel
l per
form
ance
mea
sM
ode
of o
pera
tion
Con
tinuo
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Wel
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, 13,
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Wel
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Tem
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info
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Sen
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Sen
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seria
l no.
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put
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etup
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4S
enso
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ater
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men
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Sen
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e11
4
* If w
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pera
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4
Net
oil_
1.b
k P
age
113
Fri
day,
Ma
y 12
, 200
0 1
1:02
AM
114 ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual
Software Diagrams continued
Configuration menu (continued)Well performance meas See page 113 Flow source Forward
Flow direction ReverseSystem See page 113
Absolute val. FWD/REV
Inputs See page 113 Subtractive FWD/REV
Measurements Totalizers Totalizer 1 Reset source None
Totalizer 2 Inhibit source Discrete input 1
Totalizer 3 Label Discrete input 2
TBR event
Outputs Discrete outputs Discrete output 1 Power source Internal
External
Assignment None
Discrete input 1Discrete output 2 Net oil
Discrete input 2
Discrete output 3 Net water TRB event
Milliamp outputs Milliamp output 1 Fault indication Downscale
Milliamp output 2 Variable assignment Upscale
Last measured value
Frequency output Flow source Internal zero
Flow rate unitsCalibration span 20 mA
4 mAScaling method Frequency = flow
Low flow cutoff 4
Frequency 1 Pulses/unitDamping seconds
Flow 1 Units/pulse
Pulses 2
Units 3
Maximum pulse width Active
Power Passive
Fault indication Downscale
Upscale
Last measured value
Internal zero
Digital comm Configure printer Printer select Epson TM-U295
Printer test Header line 1 Digitec 6610A
Header line 2 Generic
Footer
Baud rate
Parity
Data bits
Start bits
Stop bits
1If frequency = flow is selected as the scaling method2If pulses/unit is selected as the scaling method3If units/pulse is selected as the scaling method4If a flow variable is assigned under variable assignment
Netoil_1.bk Page 114 Friday, May 12, 2000 11:02 AM
ALT
US
™ N
et O
il C
ompu
ter
Man
ual
115
Softw
are
Diag
ram
s co
ntin
ued
In-Line Density Determination Sensitivity Analysis Software DiagramsWell Test Mode Maintenance Laboratory Density
Determination
12.4
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nten
ance
men
uA
ctiv
e al
arm
log
Wel
l #01
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vent
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16
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12
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Den
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17
mA
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puts
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14
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p ou
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Fre
quen
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utpu
t
* If w
ell t
est m
ode
is s
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ted
as m
ode
of o
pera
tion
Net
oil_
1.b
k P
age
115
Fri
day,
Ma
y 12
, 200
0 1
1:02
AM
116 ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual
Netoil_1.bk Page 116 Friday, May 12, 2000 11:02 AM
ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual 117
Appendix A ALTUS™ NOC SoftwareConfiguration Record
Mode of operation Step 1:Configure well performance measurements
Continuous mode Well test mode
Units of measurement
60 degrees Fahrenheit 15 degrees Celsius 20 degrees Celsius
Well data – densities
Well name1 ________________________________ Oil deviation ____________________________ g/cc
Oil density _____________________________ g/cc Water deviation _________________________ g/cc
Water density __________________________ g/cc Oil density average ___________________ seconds
Purge time1 ________________________________ Water density average ________________ seconds
1Only if well test mode is selected.
Compensations
Drive gain level _________________________ volts Time period2 ________________________ seconds
Action taken Hold last value Stop well test Alarm only
2Only if hold last value is selected.
System Step 2:Configuresystem data
Tag __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Date _______________________ (Day Month Year)
(8 characters maximum) Time ____________________ (Hour:Minute:Second)
Netoil_1.bk Page 117 Friday, May 12, 2000 11:02 AM
118 ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual
ALTUS™ NOC Software Configuration Record continued
Flow variables Step 3:Configure inputsFlow damping _______________________ seconds Mass low flow cutoff _________________________
Flow direction Forward Backward Volume unit ________________________________
Mass unit _________________________________ Volume low flow cutoff ________________________
Density inputs
Density unit ________________________________ Slug low limit _______________________________
Density damping _____________________ seconds Slug hiigh limit ______________________________
Slug time ___________________________ seconds
Temperature
Temperature unit ____________________________ Temperature damping _________________ seconds
Sensor calibration data
Flow factor _________________________________ FD _________________
Flowcal temp coef ___________________________ Dens temp coeff _____________________________
D1 ________________ D2 ________________ Temperature slope ___________________________
K1 ________________ K2 ________________ Temperature offset ___________________________
Sensor information
Sensor model no. ____________________________ Sensor serial no. ____________________________
Sensor material 304 SS 316L SS Hastelloy C Inconel Tantalum
Sensor end connection _______________________ Sensor liner None Tefzel
Measurements Step 4:Configure totalizers
Totalizer 1 Flow source Frequency input
Flow direction Forward Reverse
Absolute val. FWD/REV Subtractive FWD/REV
Reset source Discrete input 1 Discrete input 2 TBR event None
Inhibit source Discrete input 1 Discrete input 2 TBR event None
Totalizer 2 Flow source Mass
Flow direction Forward Reverse
Absolute val. FWD/REV Subtractive FWD/REV
Reset source Discrete input 1 Discrete input 2 TBR event None
Inhibit source Discrete input 1 Discrete input 2 TBR event None
Totalizer 3 Flow source Volume
Flow direction Forward Reverse
Absolute val. FWD/REV Subtractive FWD/REV
Reset source Discrete input 1 Discrete input 2 TBR event None
Inhibit source Discrete input 1 Discrete input 2 TBR event None
Netoil_1.bk Page 118 Friday, May 12, 2000 11:02 AM
ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual 119
ALTUS™ NOC Software Configuration Record continued
Discrete outputs Step 5:Configure outputs
Power Assignment
Discrete output 1 Internal External __________________________________________
Milliamp outputs
Milliamp output 1 Fault Indication Process variable
Downscale __________________________________________
Upscale Calibration span
Last Measured Value 4 mA _____________________________________
Internal Zero 20 mA ____________________________________
Setting Low flow cutoff _____________________________
_________________ mA Damping ___________________________ seconds
Milliamp output 2 Fault Indication Process variable
Downscale __________________________________________
Upscale Calibration span
Last Measured Value 4 mA _____________________________________
Internal Zero 20 mA ____________________________________
Setting Low flow cutoff _____________________________
_________________ mA Damping ___________________________ seconds
Frequency output
Flow source Frequency input Mass flow rate Volume flow rate
Flow unit _______________________________
Scaling Method Frequency = Flow
Frequency __________________ Hz = Flow __________________________ units
Pulses/Unit Units/Pulse
Pulses ____________________ / unit Units ________________________ / pulse
Pulse width _______________________________
Power Active Passive
Fault indication Downscale Upscale
Last measured value Internal zero
APPEND_A.FM Page 119 Wednesday, June 7, 2000 9:24 AM
120 ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual
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ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual 121
Appendix B Return Policy
General guidelines Micro Motion return procedures must be followed for you to meet the legal requirements of applicable U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations. They also help us provide a safe working environment for our employees. Failure to follow these requirements will result in your equipment being refused delivery.
To return equipment, contact the Micro Motion Customer Service Department for information on the return procedures and required documentation forms:• In the U.S.A., phone 1-800-522-6277 or 1-303-530-8422 between
6:00 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. (Mountain Standard Time), Monday through Friday, except holidays.
• In Europe, phone +31 (0) 318 549 549 or your local sales representative.
• In Asia, phone 65-777-8211 or your local sales representative.
Information on return procedures and forms are also available online at www.micromotion.com.
New and unused equipment Only equipment that has not been removed from the original shipping package will be considered new and unused. New and unused equipment includes sensors, transmitters, or peripheral devices which:• Were shipped as requested by the customer but are not needed, or• Were shipped incorrectly by Micro Motion.
Used equipment All other equipment is considered used. This equipment must be completely decontaminated and cleaned before being returned. Document all foreign substances that have come in contact with the equipment.
Netoil_1.bk Page 121 Friday, May 12, 2000 11:02 AM
Domestic shipping and billing addresses
Within the U.S.A., return equipment to the following address:Attn: RMA# _____________Chemical Waste ManagementSensor Department9131 East 96 AvenueHenderson CO 80640
Address all billing and correspondence to:Micro Motion Inc7070 Winchester CircleBoulder, CO 80301Attn: Repairs
International shipping and billing addresses
From outside the U.S.A., consult your local Micro Motion or Fisher-Rosemount office for return address. To return equipment to our facility in the United States, ship to the following address:
Attn: RMA# _____________Micro Motion Incc/o Chemical Waste ManagementSensor Department9131 East 96 AvenueHenderson CO 80640
Address all billing and correspondence to:Micro Motion Inc7070 Winchester CircleBoulder CO 80301Attn: Repairs
Netoil_1.bk Page 122 Friday, May 12, 2000 11:02 AM
ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual 123
Page numbers in bold indicate illustrations.
Index
A
About this manual 1Active alarm log. See Maintenance, View menuAlarm messages. See MaintenanceALTUS NOC software configuration record 117–119Application software
described in this manual 1not described in this manual 1
C
Configurationcompensations 21–23density calibration values 30–34density inputs 26discrete outputs 36flow calibration values 29flow variables 25inputs 25–35milliamp outputs 37–39mode of operation 16outputs 36–41pulse output 40–41recording 15sensor calibration data 28–35sensor information 35sequence 15system data 24temperature 27temperature calibration values 35units of measurement 16–17well data-densities
continuous mode 17–18well test mode 19–21
well performance measurements 15–23Configuration menu. See Software diagramsContinuous mode
accessing 49configuration for 49pause and resume 52–53process monitor 49quick view 52reset 54startup and display test 49viewing production measurements 50–51
Cursor control buttons. See Person-Process InterfaceCustomer service 78
D
Decontamination and return goods policy 121Density calibration. See MaintenanceDetermination of live oil and produced water densities
in-line methods 93–105laboratory methods 87–92
F
Fault outputs. See MaintenanceFunction buttons. See Person-Process Interface
I
Illustrationscorrection of density readings 22cursor control buttons 13D1 and D2 on sensor serial number tag 30diameter and length of cylindrical vessels 97effect of transient bubbles on density 22FD and dens temp coeff on sensor serial number tag 33flow calibration values on sensor serial number tag 29function buttons 11holding at last measured density 22K1 and K2 on sensor serial number tag 31K1 and K2 values from comments section 32K1 and K2 values from second page 32laboratory density measurement system
high pressure 92low pressure 92
laboratory sampling procedureusing empty cylinder 90using water-filled cylinder 89
model 3500 sensor wiring terminals 76model 3700 sensor wiring terminals 76Person-Process Interface 9pressing security button
security disabled 10security enabled 10
process monitor mode 49, 55sample port for laboratory density measurement 88sensor in horizontal pipe run, tubes downward 5sensor in vertical pipe run 5stratification with no flow 96taking a water sample from the separator 101taking an oil sample 103typical installation
sensor and NOC with 2-phase separator 4sensor and NOC with 3-phase separator 4
using a hygrometer to measure water density 101using buttons in the view menu 43water cut calculation 2
In-line density determination 93–105entering water cut 104–105manually entering water density 99–102measuring and saving oil density 103–104measuring and saving water density 94–99procedures 93
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124 ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual
Index continued
Installation considerationsavoiding inaccurate flow counts 6–7flow direction 7piping arrangement and ancillary equipment 3sensor installation 5sensor orientation 5sensor, NOC, and separator 4
Introduction to the ALTUS NOC 1–2
L
Laboratory density measurement 87–92processing sample and measuring densities 91–92separator pressure higher than 80 psig 89separator pressure less than 80 psig 90taking sample from flow line 88
M
Maintenanceactive alarm log 78alarm messages 67–77
calibration and trim 71conditional status 72critical status fault 74fault alarms requiring troubleshooting 75–77NOC 68output saturation 70responding to 67slug flow 69totalizer 70transmitter failure fault 74
density calibration 80–86density unit for 80–81duplicating factory 81duplicating previous 82two-point 83–86
fault outputs 73setting discrete outputs 79setting frequency output 80setting milliamp outputs 79
Maintenance menu. See Software diagramsMeasurement uncertainty. See Sensitivity analysis
N
NOC capabilities 2
P
Person-Process Interfacecursor control buttons 12function buttons 11security button 10using 9–13
R
Reasons for using live oil density 87, 93Replacing an older NOC and transmitter 1
S
Security button. See Person-Process InterfaceSensitivity analysis 107–109
error factors 107individual sensitivity 107overall uncertainty 108
Setting outputs 78–80
Software diagramsconfiguration menu 113–114maintenance menu 115view menu
in continuous mode 112in well test mode 111
T
Tablesapproximate capacity of cylindrical vessels 97approximate capacity of spherical ends 97calibration span variables 39configurations for fault outputs 73continuous production measurements 51D1 and D2 values 30densities and deviations for continuous mode 18density inputs 26density of air in grams per cubic centimeter 84density of water 86discrete output 1 power sources 36discrete output assignment variables 36fault conditions and settings for milliamp outputs 37fault output levels 73FD and dens temp coeff values 33flow calibration values 29flow variables 25K1 and K2 tube period values 31laboratory equipement for determining live oil and
produced water densities 87maximum flow rates for high-density calibration 85nominal FD values for sensors 34nominal resistance ranges for flowmeter circuits 77performance measurements for current well test 62performance measurements for previous well tests 65process variables for milliamp outputs 38pulse output variables 40sensor information variables 35system parameters 24temperature calibration values 35temperature inputs 27transient buble remediation parameters 23troubleshooting excessive drive gain 75troubleshooting sensor error fault alarms 77uncertainty factors for percent water cut and
percent net oil 107using calibration and trim alarms 71using conditional status alarms 72using critical status fault alarms 74using NOC alarms 68using output saturation alarms 70using slug flow alarms 69using totalizer alarms 70using transmitter failure fault alarms 74well data for well test mode 21
Totalizersinventory 46process 45–46
Troubleshooting 75–77
V
Netoil_1.bk Page 124 Friday, May 12, 2000 11:02 AM
ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual 125
Index continued
View menuaccessing 43active alarm log 47applications list 48diagnostic monitor 48in continuous mode 112in well test mode 111inventory totalizers 46LCD options 47power outage 48process totalizers 45–46using buttons in 43well performance measurements 44–45
W
Water cutcalculation 2determination 1entering 104–105
Well performance measurementscontinuous mode 44well test mode 44–45
Well test modeaccessing 55conducting a well test 56–57configuration of 55process monitor 55startup and display test 55stopping and continuing a well test 58–59viewing performance measurements 60viewing performance measurements for
the current test 61–62viewing previous well tests 63–65
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126 ALTUS™ Net Oil Computer Manual
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recycled paper
Micro Motion Inc. USAWorldwide Headquarters7070 Winchester CircleBoulder, Colorado 80301Tel (303) 530-8400
(800) 522-6277Fax (303) 530-8459
Micro Motion EuropeGroeneveldselaan 63903 AZ VeenendaalThe NetherlandsTel +31 (0) 318 549 549Fax +31 (0) 318 549 559
Micro Motion Asia1 Pandan CrescentSingapore 128461Republic of SingaporeTel (65) 777-8211Fax (65) 770-8003
Visit us on the Internet at www.micromotion.com
©1998, 2000, Micro Motion, Inc.All rights reservedP/N 3300833, Rev. B
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