Altherma CPD, 2010

www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions

An Introduction into air to water, air source, heat pump systems

• Why air to water heat pumps are right for the UK climate• How air to water heat pumps work • Industry standards• System types and layouts• Case Studies - how air to water heat pumps have been applied


Introduction

• Presenter Mark Houghton - Director, Space Air Solutions Ltd

• Space Air Solutions Ltdwholly owned subsidiary of Space Airconditioning plc, est since 1980. The longest established of only 2 official Daikin sales channels in the UK65,000 sq ft of premises in Guildford including:

Training rooms, Conference rooms, Offices, Production and Warehousing facilities

Our Philosophy:Sell the best and widest range of available products Offer the best engineering solutions

Provide a complete service from design assistance, seminars, training and a

complete range of complementary accessories. We are active members of:

RIBA (CPD), CIBSE (CPD), HPA, HEVAC, FETA, REFCOM and Charter Member of “Duke of Edinburgh’s Award”


Space Air Solutions


Renewable Technology? - YES

• How a heat pump works


What is a Heat Pump (HP) - Heat Generator

Heat Pump is a system that uses Refrigerant as a media totransfer heat (energy) from one side to the other (air to air, airto water, water to water).

This cycle exist in 98% of any refrigeration or air conditioning system (domestic refrigerator & freezer, office or car AC).


Types of Air Source Heat Pump Systems

Low Temperature

up to 55°C– Split type

Low Temperature

up to 55°C– Mono type

High Temperature up to 80°C

–Split type system

Heating and/or hot waterHeating and hot water

Heating only

Heating and/or hot water


Split Type Air to Water Heat Pump System - Layout Heating Only


Split Type Low Temperature Air to Water Heat Pump System - Layout Heating and Hot water


Mono Type Air to Water Heat Pump System - Layout Heating Only

Requires Glycol

[25% concentration] (reduces energy efficiency by 4%)


Mono Type Low Temperature Air to Water Heat Pump System - Layout Heating and Hot Water

Requires Glycol

[25% concentration]

(reduces energy efficiency by 4%)


Split Type High Temperature Air to Water Heat Pump System - Layout Heating and Hot water

High Temperature - up to 80°C

- Suitable for

- Schools

- Hospitals

- Restaurants

- Public Showers

- Gyms

Where ever HIGH level

of sanitation is required


Overview of System Benefits

• Air to water heat pump benefits– Environmentally friendly– Heating & Sanitary– Lower energy bills– Easy to install– Minimal disruption– Low maintenance– No additional infrastructure required– Increased comfort (constant temp)– Flexible configuration– Suitable for many applications

• Residential homes, schools, community halls, care homes, student halls, sport halls, etc..

– Clear outside walls (no vents or flues)– No carbon monoxide – No Scalding– Can be connected to solar water heating easily– Quiet in operation– Constant comfort (no cold spells from on/off heating)– Small foot-print, ideal for space limitations– Modular design


Residential Energy Consumption

UK - 84% Heating & Hot Water EU - 82% Heating & Hot Water


Domestic Heating Compliance Guide - Part L. (ADL1A & ADL1B 2006 Section 8 : Heat Pumps (Section 9 in

2010)

Table 29 Minimum provisions for warm (and hot) water heat pumps (ground to water, water to water and air to water systems)

Minimum provision Supplementary Information

a. Supply water temperatures and/or efficiency

Under floor heating

Supply water temperatures to the under floor heating system should be in the range

See section 7 of this guide on under floor heating

Radiators

High-efficiency radiators with high water volume should be utilised

Supply water temperature to the radiators should be in the range

Space Heating may be sized to meet all or part of the space heating load. Secondary heating will be required if the heat pump is sized to meet part of the space heating load

Fan coil units

Supply water temperature to the fan coil units should be in the range

Fan coil units may be utilised for heating only or for winter heating and summer cooling

30°C to 40°C

40°C to 55°C

35°C to 45°C


Standard Heating & Hot Water System (fossil-fuel)

Conventional Gas or Oil boiler with flues Oil tank and ventilation

Hot water cylinder by Heating Engineer or existing

Conventional Heating & hot water system by Heating Engineer

Convector or Fan Coil Unit

Under Floor Heating

Radiator

Sanitary Hot & Cold Water


Split Type Air to Water Heat Pump System - Heating and Hot Water Layout

• No flue• No Ventilation• No Toxic Condensation

Can be away from the building

Interconnecting pipe work by specialist engineer


What is Inverter? Or Inverter Control?

Inverter : Converting direct current into alternating current by changing the frequency of the electrical supply to a motor hence changing the speed accordingly.

Inverter Control : Changing the speed of the compressor motor to match the capacity of the system via electronic sensing of temperatures and pressures.

Advantages– Reduced stop & start– Reduced starting current (less then running current)– Stable temperature control– Accurate and fast response to demand (already running)– Reduced defrosting cycle frequency– Reduced power supply installation cost– Improved efficiencies at low ambient temperatures– Increased life expectancy (stable operation)– Reduced maintenance and service costs– Energy savings up to 50% on non inverter systems


Inverter vs Non Inverter

Advantage of Inverter controlled air source heat pump over non Inverter


Heat Transfer Efficiencies Terminology

COP : Coefficient of Performance (% or ratio)

= Total useful Energy Transferred / Total Energy Consumed*

at Set Conditions*Total Energy Consumed = Compressor + Fans + Pumps + Aux Htrs + Controls

Applicable Standards BS EN 14511

SPF : Seasonal Performance Factor (or Seasonal efficiencies)

= Total useful Energy Transferred / Total Energy Consumed*

Over a Season (Yearly, Monthly or Quarterly)*Total Energy Consumed = Compressor + Fans + Pumps + Aux Htrs + Controls

Applicable Standards BS EN 15450 (Design), BSEN 15316 (Calculations)


Domestic Heating & Sanitary Hot Water Temperatures

Heating : 35-55°CRadiators : radiators are over dimensioned and are designed to operate on a temp difference of 50°C (water-room)To select a radiator calculate capacity required, use a multiplier (manufacturers catalogue)Under floor Heating : Under floor heating should be designed based on 35°C watertemperature (max. 40°C) for comfort and safety.The Lower the Water Temperature the more efficient ANY Boiler.

Sanitary Hot Water : 43-55°C WRAS(see Water Regulation Guides (WRAS) schedule 2 section 8 page 8.9)Distribution Water Temp : Less than 50°C (R18.2)Water Temp Outlet : Should not exceed 43°C at outlet (G18.5) for schools, public buildingand other facilities used by the publicConsideration and allowance should be made to periodically raise the water temperature toabove 60°C to prevent microbial growth (legionella).

Some systems will automatically raise the temperature above 60°C weekly.


Factors That Effect Efficiencies of Heating/Hot water System

There are 5 major factors that effect theefficiencies of a heating/hot water system

– The heat generator (Boiler)

– The heat emitter (Radiator, Under floor, Fan Coil, Convector)

– The Controls

– The Flow rate balance

– The Installation


Heat Pumps Should Conform to the Following

• Part L – Heating guidance - heat pump systems section.

• BSEN14511 – ‘Heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating’, the only

acknowledged testing standard for heat pumps.

• BSEN15450– Heating systems in buildings. Design of heat pump heating systems.

• BSEN15316– Heating systems in buildings. Method for calculation of system energy

requirements & system efficiencies.


Heat Pumps Should Conform to the Following

Additional accreditations:• Eco-label

• Microgeneration Certification Scheme

• ISO 9001 (quality)

• ISO 14001 (environmental)

• CE


Heat Pump Installation Requirements

• WRAS (Water Regulation Guide)– 2nd edition issue: 2000 & BSEN 806 ‘Specification for installations conveying water for human

consumption’ Issue 2006.

• Part G (Hot Water Storage)– Building Regulations. Issue 2000 & 2009

• BSEN14336– Installation & commissioning of water based heating systems’. Issue 2004

• HVCA publications– Installation & testing of pipe work systems’ (TR/20) Issue 2003. ‘Guide to good practice-heat

pumps’ (TR/30) Issue 2007 & ‘Domestic central heating installation specification’. (DCHI/1) Issue: 2004

• Part P (Electrical Safety)– Building Regulations, Issue 2006, & IEE wiring regulations ‘Requirements for Electrical

Installation’.

• BSEN378 – Specification for refrigerating systems & heat pumps’. Issue 2008.

• CITB/C&G – Certified, engineers to carry out the installation of refrigerant pipe work & refrigerant handling in

accordance with F-Gas Regulation


F-Gas Regulation

• Mono type systems may not require a specialist for handling of refrigerant for installation, but it must be

– maintained, – serviced and – repaired

by a certified engineer in accordance with the F-Gas regulations.


Controls

• Precise temperature control– For further energy savings– To suit individual life style needs

– Sophisticated remote controller– 7 day time clock (for heating and hot water)– Floating temperature setting– Legionella protection– + other settings

– Room thermostat– Easy heating control


Good Practice - Installation

• Accessories for an accurate, complete & fast installation

– Accurate installation • pro-long the equipment life

expectancy

• reduce the equipment running and maintenance costs

• comply to the manufacturers warranty

• simplify end user trouble-shooting

Outdoor protection coverfrom vandalism / general knocking

To domestic Hot Water services

Power supply from house distribution

Drain

Mains cold water

To towel rail

Flow / Return Heating System


Good Practice - Installation Components

Pre-fabricated accessories aid accurate & precise installation

FlowMeter

TowelRail

By-PassValve

ThreeWayValve

FillingLoop


Good Practice - Installation Components


Dirty water = Inefficient Systems

• Accessories are essential to the operation of an air to water heat pump system.


Outdoor / Indoor Unit Installation Examples


Specialist Air to Water Heat Pump Systems

• Complete Bivalent Systems


Specialist Air to Water Heat Pump Systems

• Swimming Pool HX


Project - Social Housing

• 10 x New Build - 2/3 bedroom homes• Heating & hot water options: Oil, LPG, direct electric or heat pump• System installed: Daikin Altherma 5kW split heat pump, (indoor + outdoor) & 150ltr. storage cylinder• Reason for selecting Daikin Altherma:

– no mains gas available– other options considered environmentally undesirable by WRHA and the local planning authorities, – The WRHA were satisfied that Daikin Altherma met their

• sustainable housing objectives, • reduced construction costs associated with conventional fossil fuel systems, • and offered considerably lower user operating costs and • lower carbon footprint than the available alternatives.


Project - Private Developer

• 8 x 1 bed / 2 bed apartments• Heating & hot water options: Oil, LPG, Gas, direct electric, solar or heat pump• System installed: Daikin Altherma 6kW split heat pump, (indoor + outdoor) & 200ltr. storage cylinder• Reason for selecting Daikin Altherma:

– To meet 10% renewable energy requirement - Merton Rule– 55 apartments in total - 47 x gas & solar // 8 x heat pump (smaller footprint / flexible) – connected to radiators and towel rails – Flexibility– The Developers & Local Authority were satisfied that it met the Merton 10% Rule


Presentation Summary

Environmentally friendly

Increased comfort

Low maintenance

Low energy bills

Heating

& Sanitary

No additional infrastructure required

Easy to install

Flexible configuration

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The Daikin Altherma air to water heat pump system

has been designed to meet and exceed customers

expectations and enhance the comfort of living all year

round.


Useful Links and Contact

F-Gas www.acrib.org.ukFETA / HPA www.feta.co.uk/hpa

ECA/ETL www.eca.gov.uk/etl

www.spaceairsolutions.co.ukwww.spaceair.co.uk

[email protected]

Presenter - Mark Houghton Commercial [email protected]


Thank you

Altherma CPD, 2010

Business

Transcript of Altherma CPD, 2010