Clean Cities / 1

Alternative Transportation Fuels

New Jersey League of Municipalities

11/21/13 - Chuck Feinberg

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• The New Jersey Clean Cities Coalition is a NJ

registered IRS 501(c)3 non-profit corporation, and is

formally designated by the US Dep’t of Energy as a

Clean Cities Coalition.

• We are the only state-wide entity dedicated to the

establishment of Public/Private Partnerships for

the advancement of alternative transportation fuels,

advanced vehicle technologies and clean fuels

project development in order to increase domestic

energy security, enhance economic development

and improve regional air quality.

NJ Clean Cities Coalition

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• The U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Cities program

advances the nation's economic, environmental, and energy

security by supporting local actions to cut petroleum use in

transportation.

• A national network of nearly 100 Clean Cities coalitions brings

together stakeholders in the public and private sectors to

deploy:

– Alternative and renewable fuels (biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, hydrogen,

natural gas, propane)

– Idle-reduction measures

– Fuel economy improvements

– Emerging transportation technologies.

Clean Cities Mission

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• DOE designation in 1997, as a BPU program

• Incorporated as a NJ Non-Profit and IRS 501(c)3 tax exempt entity in 2009

• More than 200 stakeholders representing the spectrum of public and private interests

• Activities funded by:

• Member dues

• Sponsorships

• grants & contracts

• Secured more than $17 million in grants for stakeholders in the past 4 years

• Outreach to more than 3000 through: LinkedIn Group, Facebook, Twitter, e-newsletter, www.njcleancities.org

New Jersey Clean Cities Coalition

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• Nationwide, Clean Cities activities have saved more than 5

billion gallons of petroleum and averted more than 34 million

tons of greenhouse gas emissions over the course of the

program's history.

• The New Jersey Clean Cities Coalition and its stakeholders

saved more than 4 million gallons of petroleum in 2012 alone.

Beyond a Billion

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Clean Cities Portfolio of Technologies

Eliminate

Alternative Fuels

Electric Vehicles Biodiesel Ethanol

Hydrogen Propane

Natural Gas

Fuel Economy

More Fuel efficient vehicles, adopting

smarter driving and vehicle purchasing

habits

Hybrids

Light- and heavy-duty

Electric hybrids

Plug-In hybrids

Hydraulic hybrids

Idle Reduction

Heavy-Duty Trucks

School & Transit Buses

Light-Duty Vehicles

Post Sandy Theme = FUEL DIVERSIFICATION!

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Vehicle Fuels – No longer “one size fits all”

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In New Jersey,

transportation

represents the

largest single

source of

greenhouse gas

emissions.

- NJDEP

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NJCCC Projects

• CNG Fleet & Infrastructure Program

• Regional Electric Vehicle Network

Planning, with the Northeast

Transportation & Climate Initiative

• EPA Diesel Emission Reduction

Program - Marine Vessel Engine

Replacements

• DOE Clean Cities Program Support

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NJ CNG Vehicle & Infrastructure Project

• NJCCC is leading a public/private team to implement the first

large-scale deployment of AFVs and infrastructure in NJ.

• Effectively leveraged federal investment of $15mil with an

additional $34 mil of non-federal for $49mil total project cost.

• Transitioned 305 highly visible vehicles to CNG from 15 fleets

statewide (trash collection trucks and shuttle buses).

• Installed 6 CNG fueling stations across the state.

• Providing outreach & education to further develop the market.

• Base program displaces more than 2,000,000 gallons of

petroleum and avoids more than 900,000 pounds of identified

criteria pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions per year.

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Why Natural Gas for Transportation?

• Cleaner

– Natural gas is inherently clean - cleanest burning fuel available for HDV’s

• NG (CH4); Diesel (C14H30); Gasoline (C8H18); Propane (C3H8)

– Reduces GHG emissions by 23% compared to diesel

– Replacing one diesel garbage truck with one that operates on natural gas has the same emissions benefits as taking 325 cars off the road

– Significant noise reductions – 90% quieter

• Cheaper - Natural Gas is significantly less expensive than diesel on a per gallon basis - save $1.50-$2.00 per gallon compared to diesel

• Domestic - 98% domestically produced, 120+ years of domestic reserves

• Proven Technology - An increasing variety of light-, medium- and heavy-duty NGVs are available with performance and reliability equal to and/or exceeding that of comparable gasoline and diesel vehicles

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Light-Duty NGVs

• Suitable for light-duty needs for personal use or

for fleets

• Honda Civic, Impala (coming soon)

Medium-Duty NGVs

• Vans, pick-ups and shuttles

• Airports and taxi fleets

Heavy-Duty NGVs

• Refuse haulers

• Transit buses

• School buses

• Long-haul trucks

• Street sweepers

• Snowplows

• Short-haul delivery trucks

Use: Fleet Applications

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NJCCC CNG Vehicles

Refuse Trucks - Waste Management 20

Refuse Trucks - Suburban Disposal 13

Refuse Trucks - Central Jersey Waste 14

Shuttle Buses - The Parking Spot Group 12

Refuse Trucks - Atlantic County Utilities Authority 15

Shuttle Buses - Atlantic City Jitney Association 190

Refuse Trucks - Blue Diamond Disposal 17

Refuse Trucks - City of Linwood 1

Refuse Trucks - Casworth Enterprises, Inc. 5

Refuse Trucks - Giordano Companies 2

Refuse Trucks - Township of Franklin 2

Refuse Trucks - Township of Voorhees 3

Refuse Trucks - Regional Industries 5

Shuttle Buses - Wally Park 4

Shuttle Buses – Courtyard Marriott Newark 2

Vehicles Total: 305

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NJCCC ARRA-Grant Funded Vehicles

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NJCCC CNG Infrastructure

Covanta ECRRF, Newark

Atlantic County Utilities Authority, Egg Harbor

Central Jersey Waste, Trenton

Waste Management, Camden

Blue Diamond Disposal, Mt Arlington

Atlantic City Jitney Association, Egg Harbor

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NJCCC ARRA-funded Infrastructure Projects

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Atlantic City Jitney Association CNG Station

• Public Access Fast-Fill Station

• Four Dual Hose Fast-Fill Dispensers (8 Fueling Points)

• Two Fuel Card Readers (major credit cards)

• Two 500 SCFM Compressors

• 8 Gasoline Gallons a Minute, 480 Gasoline Gallons an Hour

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Transportation and Climate Initiative

Transportation and Climate Initiative is a

collaboration of eleven Northeast and

Mid-Atlantic states and the District of

Columbia to:

• Reduce greenhouse gases in the transportation

sector;

• Create benefits and funding opportunities for

states that are leading the way;

• Align with federal government actions, goals and

emerging inter-agency approaches;

• Along with Clean Cities coalitions, implement

a nearly $1 million Electric Vehicle Readiness

Grant from DOE to lay the groundwork for the

Northeast Electric Vehicle Network

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Electric Vehicles - What Solutions are Out There?

PLUG-IN HYBRID

Same basic design as

a hybrid, but battery

pack is significantly

larger allowing for

electrical charging &

storage from the grid

PURE ELECTRIC

Battery stored energy

drives vehicle – zero

tailpipe emissions

“CONVENTIONAL”

HYBRID - Mechanical

connection between engine

and electric drive motor

which is also used as a

generator during braking

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• HEVs and PHEVs require slightly less

maintenance than conventional vehicles

(still has ICE).

• EVs also require less maintenance than

conventional vehicles

• Battery, motor, and associated electronics

require no regular maintenance

• No fluids to change, except brake fluid

• Regenerative braking reduces brake wear

• Fewer moving parts

Maintenance and Safety

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• Electric drive systems, motors, controllers, and associated

hardware are ready today for full scale production.

• Battery technology has been the primary technical restraint in

bringing these products to mass market.

• Key hurdles • Energy/Power densities

• Cost

• Weight

• Battery life

Why has this taken so long?

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• 43% increase in PEV sales over October 2012.

• Cumulative PEV sales in 2013 are 103% higher than they were

by this point in October 2012.

• First 3 years of sales of PEVs far exceeds pace of first 3 years

of hybrids (150,000 vs 25,000). Over 3 million hybrids now.

Sales pace is significantly increasing

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BERGEN 328

MIDDLESEX 244

ESSEX 208

MORRIS 196

MONMOUTH 189

SOMERSET 155

MERCER 131

BURLINGTON 130

UNION 107

PEVs in New Jersey (as of July 2013)

CAMDEN 105 OCEAN 100 PASSAIC 98 HUNTERDON 64 HUDSON 62 GLOUCESTER 56 ATLANTIC 46 SUSSEX 45 CUMBERLAND 22 CAPE MAY 12 WARREN 11 SALEM 5 NEW JERSEY Total 2,314

These figures are courtesy of ChargePoint

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Infrastructure: The Enabler of PEVs

Primary charge spot for most consumers, located in garage or driveway of residence.

allows urban commuters/street parkers to have reliable charge. Also allows extended range for home chargers.

For fleets, main charge location is fleet depot where multiple chargers could be installed.

Good to build awareness, provide some added security against range anxiety for drivers, and for multi-family residential

Most Frequent Less Frequent

Charging Infrastructure is a key enabler to PEVs – regardless of where consumers end up charging their vehicles

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Electricity Sources & Emissions – New Jersey

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Emissions & Fuel Costs

Emissions and Fuel Cost for a 100-Mile Trip

Vehicle

(compact sedans)

GHG Emissions

(lbs of CO2 equivalent)

Total Fuel Cost

Conventional ICE 87 lb $13.36

Hybrid Electric 57 lb $8.78

Plug-in Hybrid Electric 62 lb $7.10

All-Electric 54 lb $3.74

Based on conventional vehicle CAFÉ standard of 27.6 MPG, national

average prices of $3.69/gal and $0.11/kwh. Data from US DOE & EPA GREET model

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Dec 3 from 9:30 to noon at NJTPA, Newark

• Showcasing Transportation

and Climate Initiative's (TCI)

Northeast Electric Vehicle

Network work on EV

deployment in the northeast

and mid-Atlantic region.

• Cosponsored by the NJ Clean

Cities Coalition, the

Georgetown Climate Center,

the NJ Chapter of the American

Planning Association, the

Delaware Regional Planning

Commission, and the NJTPA.

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• Fuel cells generate electricity to power electric

drive motors, as well as powering the remainder of

the vehicle’s electrical system.

• Fuel cells use a direct electrochemical reaction to

produce electricity

• Pure hydrogen contains no carbon thus only

emission is water, with no CO2 or CO emissions.

• Fuel-cell vehicle’s have the potential to be 2 to 3

times more efficient than ICE vehicles.

• Honda, Hyundai, Mercedes, GM, Ford, all have or

plan to have production models over the next few

years

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Basics

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Biodiesel Basics

• Domestically produced,

renewable fuel

• Manufactured from vegetable

oils, animal fats, restaurant

grease

• Biodegradable and nontoxic

• Cleaner-burning replacement

for diesel fuel

• A “drop-in” fuel with high quality

standards (BQ-9000)

Emission Type B100 B20 B2

Total Unburned Hydrocarbons

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Carbon Monoxide

Particulate Matter

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

-67%

-80%

-48%

-47%

+ or - %

-20%

-13%

-12%

-12%

+ or - %

-2.2%

-1.3%

-1.3%

-1.3%

+ or - %

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Propane Autogas Basics

Propane: liquefied petroleum

gas (LPG) or Autogas

• High octane rating, Nontoxic, By-

product of natural gas processing and

crude oil refining

• Significant reductions in PM, NOx, and

CO emissions

• Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions

reduced 21-24%

• Relatively low cost of fueling

infrastructure

• Vehicle Types – Dedicated or bi-fuel

Maintenance Costs

• Lower than gasoline vehicles

• Low oil contamination

• No cold-start problems

• Double engine life of gas engines

Similar to Gasoline Vehicles

• Power

• Acceleration

• Cruising speed

• Driving Range

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Ethanol Basics

• Renewable fuel produced from plant materials (biomass)

• Comes from starchy feedstocks (corn, sugar cane, sugar

beets) and cellulosic feedstocks (yard waste, grasses,

poplars)

• Blended at low levels (up to E10) into 80% of gasoline sold in

the United States, moving toward E15.

• Increasingly available as E85, for use in flex fuel vehicles

• High-octane fuel

• Corn ethanol reduces GHGs by 19% to 52%; Cellulosic

ethanol reduces GHGs by 75%

• Reduces emissions of NOx, CO, benzene, 1,3-butadiene

(higher formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions)

• Only minor modifications to existing infrastructure required

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Vessel Engine Replacements

• NJCCC is leading a public/private team to repower

unregulated engines in vessels operating in NY Harbor &

Vicinity with new Tier 2 and Tier 3 compliant engines.

• Many of the existing engines date back to the 1970’s, with no

emission controls.

• EPA DERA-funded (FY11) project providing significant emission

benefits, petroleum reduction through increased efficiency, and

public education. Recently selected for FY13 DERA funding.

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CC Program Support Contract

This is the “bread & butter” of the CC Program

Major tasks:

• Annual Report of Petroleum Displacement

• Quarterly Alternative Fuel Price Reports

• Maintain data for Alternative Fuel Station Locator

• Stakeholder meetings, fuel-specific workshops, events

• Dedicated fleet outreach

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Recent Trends

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AFDC Alternative Fueling Station Locator

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Atlantic City Boardwalk

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Importance of alternative fuel vehicles

• Hurricane Sandy recovery efforts showed value of alternative

fuel vehicles/advanced technology vehicles

– Able to provide critical services when conventional fuel supplies are

interrupted

– Alternative fuel supplies remained available post-storm

– Point to need for FUEL DIVERSIFICATION

• Important to maintain an inventory of these resources so they

can be integrated into contingency planning efforts and energy

assurance planning.

• Clean Cities Coalitions

– Informed about local alternative fuel landscape

– Connected to key stakeholders

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No gas? – No problem!

Note the license plate! (EF-OPEC)

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Loading Relief Supplies via Propane-fueled Hummer

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“Natural Gas Minibuses Help New Jersey Recover From

Hurricane Sandy”

PBS show highlights the Atlantic City Jitneys that run on

compressed natural gas and were able to assist with

assistance and relief efforts prior to and after Hurricane Sandy

Clean Cities TV – YouTube

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_profilepage&v=

fV4S-sPge0

Alternative Fuels Data Center – Case Studies

http://www.afdc.energy.gov/case/1323

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• Encourage public and private entities to lead by example

– Bid preferences for contractors that use alternative fuel vehicles,

further preference for those that make fueling available to the public

– Transition your own fleets to use alternative fuels, telematics

– Enforce anti-idling regulations

– Leverage private capital by encouraging Public/Private Partnerships

to build alternative fuel infrastructure, in exchange for long-term fuel

purchase agreements.

• Respond to Clean Cities data requests

• Support your local Clean Cities Coalition (financially &

otherwise)!!

We Need Your Help

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New AFLEET Tool - Alternative Fuel Life-Cycle Environmental and Economic Transportation

• Developed to estimate light-duty and heavy-duty vehicle:

– GHG emissions

– Air pollutant emissions

– Cost of ownership

• Contains 15 fuel/vehicle technologies

– Conventional: gasoline and diesel

– Hybrid: gasoline HEV, diesel HEV, diesel hydraulic hybrid

– Plug-in electric: PHEV, EREV, EV

– Alternative fuel: B20, B100, E85, LPG, CNG, LNG, LNG/diesel pilot ignition

• Based on several models and data sources including:

– Petroleum and GHGs - current public version of GREET model (GREET1_2013)

– Air pollutants - EPA’s MOVES model and certification data

– Costs - Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report

• http://greet.es.anl.gov/afleet

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Contact Information

Chuck Feinberg

Chairman of the Board of Trustees

New Jersey Clean Cities Coalition

www.njcleancities.org

Twitter: @njcleancities

LinkedIn Group: New Jersey Clean Cities Coalition

Executive Vice President, Greener By Design

www.gbdtoday.com

cfeinberg@gbdtoday.com