Alternative energies document'

Comenius Project: Alternative Energies 2011-13 Granada – Hildesheim - Cesena – Mazamet

UNIT1 Solar Energy

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█ INDEX

├ Questions about SOLAR ENERGY

├ Experiences

├ More Experiences

└ MOSAIC


[1]QUESTIONS about SOLAR ENERGY

Using your own words, explain how the three kinds of hydrocarbures are formed.

The sunlight reaches the Earth and ...

1.- Tyny plants floting in the ocean trap sunlight. They store the energy inside them,

1.1.- The plants die and get buried under sediment . Over millions of years they break down to form gas. Energy that was stored in the plants is now stored in the gas. We pipe the gas out and burn it. The energy is released as heat for cooking, and warming our homes.

1.2.- Sea creatures feed on the pants, and take in the stored energy. They die and get burried under sediment, Over millions of years, their soft parts turn to oil. Energy that was stored in their bodies is now stored in the oil. We pump out oil and turn some into petrol. We burn this in car engines. The energy is released and make cars move.

2.- Trees and bushes also trap sunlight. They store the energy in their wood. In many countries people burn wood as firewood. The energy is released as heat for cooking food.

3.- Meanwhile on land pants in warm steamy swamps trap sunlight. The plants die. They get buried under sediment. Over millions of years they turn into coal. Energy that was stored in the plants is now stored in the coal. We dig up coal and burn it. The energy is released as heat for factories and homes.

If you want to know more about the petroleum process just go to this web page:

http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com/fractional-distillation-of-crude-oil.html

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http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com/fractional-distillation-of-crude-oil.html


[1] QUESTIONS about SOLAR ENERGY

Explain, using simple drawings, how electricity can be produced. Search in the Internet and find which is the

nearest power station in your country to produce energy from coal. It would be great if you find a map

with all the power stations.

1º We boil the water to produce steam. We heat the water by burning fuel – oil, gas, coal, wood, or even rubbish! Or using the heat given out by nuclear fuel.2º The jet of steam makes the turbine spin.3º Next to the turbine is a generator. It contains the electromagnet and coil.4º When the turbine spins, it does the electromagnet to rotate and it produces the electricity.5º Cables carry it away to homes, schools, offices and factories

If you want to know more about eletricity production in

Spain conect just link to:

http://www.ree.es/ingles/operacion/

curvas_demanda.asp

available in Spanish or English

Web page for kids:

http://www.alliantenergykids.com/EnergyBasics/AllAboutElectricity/000419

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http://www.alliantenergykids.com/EnergyBasics/AllAboutElectricity/000419

http://www.ree.es/ingles/operacion/curvas_demanda.asp





There are two kinds of gasses. The first one is carbon dioxide and the second is sulphur dioxide and nitrogen

oxides. What effect do they produce in our environment? which kind of energy shown in the table is less dangerous for our environment? And which is the most dangerous?

Carbon dioxide helps trapping heat from the sun in our atmosphere. Without carbon the Earth would be cold. But it emissions are one of the main causes of global warming.

Sulphur dioxide can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors.

Nitrogen oxides helps form acid rain and it's contributes to global warming.

Carbon dioxide is less dangerous for our environment. Nitrogen oxides is the most dangerous kind of energy.

http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy/

Give some solutions to global warming

1.- Replace a regular incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb.

2.- Install a programmable thermostat.

3.- Choose energy efficient appliances when making new purchases.

4.- Don't leave appliances on standby, use the "on/off" function on the machine itself.

5.- Don't let heat escape from your house over a long period.

6.- Using renewable sources like waves, tides, solar , biomass or wind.

http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/

global-warming/gw-solutions/

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http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-solutions/







What can PV cells be used for?

Photovoltaic cells are devices that produce electricity directly from sunlight.

Photovoltaic cells convert light into electricity.

One of the most important parts of a photovoltaic cell is the material used as the semiconductor.

The PV cells (photovoltaic cells) can be used to give electricity to a lot of devices, for example a fridge, a phone, a TV, a farm, etc.

If you want to know more …

http://www.kidzworld.com/article/1288-solar-energy

What does Passive Solar Architecture talk about?

Passive Solar Architecture is dedicated to modeling, the selection and proper use of solar technology. This keeps the environment of a home at a comfortable temperature by means of sun every day of the year. Because it reduces the active solar technology, renewable energies and especially the fossil fuel technologies.

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http://www.wisegeek.com/how-do-semiconductors-work.htm



What's the best orientation for a house? North, south west or east? And explain why.

In places like ours, in the south of Spain, we have a lot hours per year with sun. The north face is usually the coldest one and the east or west side can be too much warm in the mornig or evening, during the sunrise and sunset.

The south face of the house is the best. During the summer when the sun is very high the solar rays fall down almost perpendicular to the earth, so we can have shadow inside the house, but in winter the solar rays are more horizontal, so they come inside the house through the south face and warm it.

Which are the most efficient materials that you should use in each kind of weather for windows, walls and

roofs?

The most efficient materials are:

* Synthetic polymers: polystyrene, polyethylene, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate.

* Aerogel.

* Mineral wool, glass fiber, rock wool, slag.

* Minerals: Vermiculite, Perlite.

* Natural plant materials: cellulose insulation, cork, hemp, cotton, straw.

* Animal fibers: wool.

* Natural plant materials: corn cobs, straw dust, wood shavings, sawdust, bark, redwood, fir fiber or balsa wood.* Plates.

* Fiberglass.

* Granules.

* Spray foams

* Rigid panels.

* Structured and special groups.

* Bales of straw.

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How can you use the Architecture elements in a house to take the most of the solar rays and shadows in a

house?

We can harness the sun's rays to guide the windows to the sun, making them bigger, using rooftops and attics, making more room on the terraces and gardens to put solar panels have holes in the upper parts of buildings to place solar panels,...

We can also take advantage of some outdoor ceiling so you have to shade porches, awnings and pergolas placed on patios, terraces, gardens or other places abroad or in the sun.

How can we use solar power energy in a house to produce hot water or electricity

- Hot water: The solar panels can be used with, connected to tubes that carry a liquid that heats the water that reaches a water tank. This distributes the water tank pipes inside the house at different points on this.

- Electricity: We can also use photovoltaic panels through which convert sunlight directly into electricity. The sun's rays reach the panels, to the cells, which contain photovoltaic cells. This process converts the rays into electricity.

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[2] Experiences

PARABOLIC MIRROR CALLED HELIOSTAT EXAMPLE OF PV CELLS ON A RESTAURANT ROOF

TEACHERS TAKING PICTURES OF PV CELLS

GENERAL VIEW OF AN HELIOSTAT

PV CELLS ON THE ROOF OF THE SCIENCE PARK, CAN PRODUCE HALF OF THE ELECTRICITY NEEDED

ZOOM OF PV CELLS MATERIAL (SILICON)

STUDENTS LISTENING TO THE SCIENCE PARK GUIDES

THE ROOK OF THE SCIENCE PARK GIVES ENOUGH DAYLIGHT DURING THE DAY TO THE BUILDING, IT SAVES ELECTRIC ENERGY

VISIT TO PARQUE DE LAS CIENCIAS DE GRANADA TO STUDY THE SOLAR ENERGY AND SOLAR PASSIVE ARCHITECTURE

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[2] Experiences

WORKING TEACHERS AND STUDENTS TOGETHER IN THE TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOP

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[2] Experiences


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[2] Experiences


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[3] More Experiences

FANTASTIC EXPERIENCES IN VENICE AND CESENA

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FANTASTIC EXPERIENCES IN VENICE AND CESENA

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FANTASTIC EXPERIENCES IN MAZAMET, ALBI AND TOULOUSE

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FANTASTIC EXPERIENCES IN HILDESHEIM

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[4] Mosaic

María Aguado Guerrero Ernesto Aranda Del Valle Pablo Azpeitia González David Bedmar Pulido

Antonio Calvo Ortiz Marta Chaves Quijada David Cobo Sánchez Javier Cobos Moreno

Luis Conde Rodríguez Luis Cortes Sánchez Juan C. Del Río Fernández Daniel Hidalgo Jammoue

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Miguel Á. González Salcedo David José Granados Galera Aliaksandra Haba Guillermo Martínez Valenzuela

Sergio Molina Espinar Miguel Olmos Trescastro María Pérez Hernández Irene Ramírez Martínez

Alberto Rodríguez López María Sánchez Gracia Pedro Vargas Aguilera Yiwei Yu

Isabela Santisteban Cano Javier Bueno Moreno Manuel López López Jesús Gallardo ChavarinoWORKING TEACHERS AND STUDENTS TOGETHER IN THE SAME PROJECT Solar energy █

You may say I’m a dreamer, but I’m not the only one. I hope someday you’ll find us and the World will be as one

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