Alternative business models-- Author (or sponsor) pays Thomas J. Walker University of Florida
description
Transcript of Alternative business models-- Author (or sponsor) pays Thomas J. Walker University of Florida
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Alternative business models--Author (or sponsor) pays Thomas J. WalkerUniversity of Florida
Publishers Editing, reviewing, composing Everyone on the Internet
Authors ortheir
sponsors
$$
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Summary
Providing your clients what they want, at a fair price,
may be a good way to stay in business.
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Outline• Clients want “IFWA”• IFWA is affordable• Making the transition to IFWA
– Florida Entomological Society (100% IFWA)
– Entomological Society of America (55% IFWA)
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Clients want“IFWA”
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IFWA=Immediate Free
Web Access
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Notroyalties
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butIMPACT
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Traditional dissemination
Electronic dissemination
User
User
User
LibraryFloridaEntomologist
Issues
Reprints
FTP
Files onpublisher’scomputer
Web server
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Publishers
Individual subscriptions
Institutions’staff and affiliated personnel
Everyone else
Editing, reviewing, composing
SubscriptionsSite
Licenses
$ $$$
Creditcards
Internetaddresses
Usernamesand
passwords
Subscr.
Pay Per View
Site L.
$
Restricted Access
Publishers Editing, reviewing, composing Everyone on the Internet
Authors ortheir sponsors
$$
Free Access
Web server
Web server
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IFWA isaffordable
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Dissemination modes• Traditional [first 330 years]
• Parallel (traditional + electronic) [last few years]
• Electronic only: for fee [no way]
• Electronic only: for free [the future]
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Publishers
Individual subscriptions
Institutions’staff and affiliated personnel
Everyone else
Editing, reviewing, composing
SubscriptionsSite
Licenses
$ $$$
Creditcards
Internetaddresses
Usernamesand
passwords
Subscr.
Pay Per View
Site L.
$
Fee Access
Publishers Editing, reviewing, composing Everyone on the Internet
Authors ortheir sponsors
$$
Free Access
Web server
Web server
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Dissemination costs• Traditional: High• Parallel: Very high• E-only, for fee : Low• E-only, for free : Very low
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IFWAis coming
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Makingthe transition
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FES: 450 members 1 journal (4 issues/year)
$55,000/yr publishing costs
ESA: 5700 members 4 journals (each 6 issues/year)
$700,000/yr publishing costs
Two entomological societies
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ISI Journal Citation Reports 66 entomology journals
Florida Entomologist 30
J. Economic Entomology 11 Environmental Entomology 13 Annals Entomol. Soc. Am. 16 J. Medical Entomology 13
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FloridaEntomological
Society 100% IFWA since 1994
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Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files
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Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files• 1995 Switch from Gopher to Web• 1996 Minimal HTML files added
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Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files• 1995 Switch from Gopher to Web• 1996 Minimal HTML files added• 1997 InfoLinks initiated • 1998 Full-text searching implemented• 1999 Back-issue project completed
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Florida Entomological Society Back-issue project
• 1917-1993 issues (ca. 20,000 pages)• $11,255 for JSTOR-type scanning• PDF files posted, with free access, by
Florida Center for Library Automation• Total cost to FES was
less than 60 cents per page
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Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files• 1995 Switch from Gopher to Web• 1996 Minimal HTML files added• 1997 InfoLinks initiated • 1998 Full-text searching implemented• 1999 Back-issue project completed• 2000-2001 [in a minute!]• 2002 ISI to implement hotlinks to full text
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Institutional subscriptions
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
Florida Entomologist
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Institutional subscriptions
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
Florida Entomologist
4 ESA Journals
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Institutional subscriptions
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
Florida Entomologist
revenues
4 ESA Journals
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Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files• 1995 Switch from Gopher to Web• 1996 Minimal HTML files added• 1997 InfoLinks initiated • 1998 Full-text searching implemented• 1999 Back-issue project completed• 2000 Obligatory IFWA fee authorized
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Florida EntomologistObligatory IFWA fees
Articles $100Scientific notes $ 50
To start with the March 2001 issue!
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Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files• 1995 Switch from Gopher to Web• 1996 Minimal HTML files added• 1997 InfoLinks initiated • 1998 Full-text searching implemented• 1999 Back-issue project completed• 2000 Obligatory IFWA fee authorized • 2001 Obligatory IFWA fee accepted!!
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Institutional subscriptions
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
Florida Entomologist
revenues
4 ESA Journals
subscriptions
subscriptions
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Florida Entomologist 2001IFWA gross income 90 articles @$100 = $9,000 36 sci. notes @$50 = $1,800
Total = $10,800
E-version costs751 pages @$3.15 = $2,366
IFWA net income = $8,434
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Florida Entomologist 2001Institutional subscriptions potential net income (185x$45) = $8,325 IFWA fees actual net income = $8,434
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Florida Entomologist 2001IFWA fees actual net income = $8,434 needed to replace 20 subscriptions = 900
“windfall” income = $7,534
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Florida Entomologist
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Page
s pu
blis
hed
No IFWA fees IFWAfees
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Entomological Society
of Americacurrently ca. 55% IFWA
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Institutional Subscriptions
-40%
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
4 ESA Journals
revenues
subscriptions
prices increased
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Entomological Society of America• 1995 GB approves IFWA sales• 1996 GB approves IFWA sales again• 1997 GB cancels approval• 1998 GB votes to start for-fee e-access
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ESA:Economics for-fee e-versions
Cost: $56,000 per year(ca. $14 per page published)
Losses: to be held to no more than $80,000 for 2000-2004
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Entomological Society of America• 1995 GB approves IFWA sales• 1996 GB approves IFWA sales again• 1997 GB cancels approval• 1998 GB votes to start for-fee e-access• 1999 GB approves IFWA sales yet again• 2000 IFWA sales begin
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ESA’s IFWA revenues
Year Pene- Pages Grosstration revenues
2000 25% 1446 $18,391
2001 51% 2390 $31,259
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Institutional Subscriptions + IFWA
-40%
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
4 ESA Journals
revenues
subscriptions
IFWA added
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ESA’s IFWA revenues
Year Pene- Pages Grosstration revenues
2000 25% 1446 $18,391
2001 51% 2390 $31,259
Mean gross per page = $12.94
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Ways to boost IFWA income
• Improve the service
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Ways to improve the service• Allow immediate posting anywhere
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Ways to improve the service• Allow immediate posting anywhere• Seek hotlinks from Current Contents and
other literature indexes
• Post articles on OAI-compliant server
• Post articles on PubMed Central
• Facilitate Google indexing
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Ways to boost IFWA income
• Improve the service• Change the name
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From “PDF reprints”
to
“PDF reprints Plus”???
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Ways to boost IFWA income
• Improve the service• Change the name• Charge more
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Reprint (=offprint) prices (USD)100 copies, 7 or 8 pages, no covers, with shipping
Tri-society $ 95Florida Entomologist 102ESA journals 126Taylor and Francis 200Oxford journals 250Amer Physical Society 269Elsevier 310Springer 464Wiley 492
Average=$257
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Entomological Society of America
prospects and
business plan
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Summary
Providing your clients what they want, at a fair price,
may be a good way to stay in business.
![Page 55: Alternative business models-- Author (or sponsor) pays Thomas J. Walker University of Florida](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070503/5681566a550346895dc41abf/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
THE END
Publishers Editing, reviewing, composing Everyone on the Internet
Authors ortheir
sponsors
$$
The future of journals:
(of this talk)
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0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1998 1999 2000 2001
Mem
bers
hip
& re
venu
es (r
elat
ive)
FES full members
FES full + student
ESA full members
ESA full + student
FES membership revenues
Effect of IFWA on membership??