Alternate Energy 08102010

4 Peaks Engineering Services, Inc.Fountain Hills and Tucson, Arizona

&EIC Engineers, LLCScottsdale, Arizona

Presentation Overview

Introductions - Who are 4 Peaks and EIC? Overview of Alternate Energy options – focusing on Solar

PV Systems Overview of Technical Considerations in implementing

Alternate Energy projects Discussion on Financial Considerations – Life Cycle Costs

analysis and Examples Utility and Government Rebate Opportunities Open Discussion (Question and Answers)

Introductions - Who are 4 Peaks and EIC? Overview of Alternate Energy options – focusing on Solar

PV Systems Overview of Technical Considerations in implementing

Alternate Energy projects Discussion on Financial Considerations – Life Cycle Costs

analysis and Examples Utility and Government Rebate Opportunities Open Discussion (Question and Answers)

Who is 4 Peaks? An Arizona based engineering and environmental firm

with offices in metro Phoenix and Tucson areas; Our key staff / project managers have extensive experience

with small utilities throughout Arizona; Provides engineering services that include but are not

limited to: Design and permitting of infrastructure improvements, Master planning and Feasibility studies, Construction management/oversight, Water quality and treatment, Technical reporting and project management / coordination.

An Arizona based engineering and environmental firmwith offices in metro Phoenix and Tucson areas; Our key staff / project managers have extensive experience

with small utilities throughout Arizona; Provides engineering services that include but are not

limited to: Design and permitting of infrastructure improvements, Master planning and Feasibility studies, Construction management/oversight, Water quality and treatment, Technical reporting and project management / coordination.

Who is EIC? An Arizona based professional engineering firm providing

Electrical, Instrumentation & Control, and AutomationProgramming in Arizona. Our key staff / project managers have extensive experience

with small Water & Wastewater Treatment Plantsthroughout Arizona; Provides engineering services including power

distribution, alternative power generation, and standbypower. EIC also provides extensive I&C design includingSCADA systems.

An Arizona based professional engineering firm providingElectrical, Instrumentation & Control, and AutomationProgramming in Arizona. Our key staff / project managers have extensive experience

with small Water & Wastewater Treatment Plantsthroughout Arizona; Provides engineering services including power

distribution, alternative power generation, and standbypower. EIC also provides extensive I&C design includingSCADA systems.

Types of Alternate Energy Technologies Most applicable to water and wastewater systems in

Arizona

Solar Wind Natural gas

Other technologies Tidal Bio-fuel Micro-hydro Nuclear, Geothermal, and Hydrogen

Most applicable to water and wastewater systems inArizona

Solar Wind Natural gas

Other technologies Tidal Bio-fuel Micro-hydro Nuclear, Geothermal, and Hydrogen

Technical Considerations Factors that must be considered in evaluating

implementation of alternate energy Availability and Consistency of solar power Available Land Rebates Tax credits Utility Company’s Rules and Regulations Cost of material and labor

Factors that must be considered in evaluatingimplementation of alternate energy Availability and Consistency of solar power Available Land Rebates Tax credits Utility Company’s Rules and Regulations Cost of material and labor

Financial Considerations Initial Capital costs Costs of Feasibility studies Design costs Real Estate costs, Survey costs, Legal fees Permitting costs Equipment procurement and Installation costs

Operational and Maintenance Costs Energy costs Manpower Equipment maintenance/replacement Other operational costs

Initial Capital costs Costs of Feasibility studies Design costs Real Estate costs, Survey costs, Legal fees Permitting costs Equipment procurement and Installation costs

Operational and Maintenance Costs Energy costs Manpower Equipment maintenance/replacement Other operational costs

Life Cycle Costs Accounts for total costs of facility/infrastructure

ownership Includes construction, operating, maintaining, and

disposal of various components of thefacility/infrastructure Life Cycle Costs considerations are specially useful

when there are more than one alternatives available toachieve similar project goals and performances For alternate energy considerations, the initial higher

capital costs can be sometimes justified evaluating lifecycle costs.

Accounts for total costs of facility/infrastructureownership Includes construction, operating, maintaining, and

disposal of various components of thefacility/infrastructure Life Cycle Costs considerations are specially useful

when there are more than one alternatives available toachieve similar project goals and performances For alternate energy considerations, the initial higher

capital costs can be sometimes justified evaluating lifecycle costs.

Solar Energy - Basic Facts On a clear day, on the surface of earth, at noon, the direct

beam radiation will be approximately 1000 Watts/m² Today’s commercially available PV panels generate 12 to 16

Watts/SqFt and have a 12% to 17% efficiency Average PV generation cost ranges from $4 to $6/Watt An on-grid solar energy system is a revenue generating

investment, either through lowering electric utility bills orby selling power to the electric utility companies

On a clear day, on the surface of earth, at noon, the directbeam radiation will be approximately 1000 Watts/m² Today’s commercially available PV panels generate 12 to 16

Watts/SqFt and have a 12% to 17% efficiency Average PV generation cost ranges from $4 to $6/Watt An on-grid solar energy system is a revenue generating

investment, either through lowering electric utility bills orby selling power to the electric utility companies

Solar Photovoltaic Systems Solar panels convert solar energy to Direct Current

(DC) electricity Electrical DC energy will then be converted to

Alternating Current (AC) electricity using inverters The AC current subsequently connects to the load

(shared by the Utility) via a controller The rule of thumb is 1 kW of power is required to run a

1 HP pump.

Solar panels convert solar energy to Direct Current(DC) electricity Electrical DC energy will then be converted to

Alternating Current (AC) electricity using inverters The AC current subsequently connects to the load

(shared by the Utility) via a controller The rule of thumb is 1 kW of power is required to run a

1 HP pump.

Photovoltaic (PV) Power Generation Est'd Capital Cost & Land Area

$135

$110

$76

$44

$26

$101

$83

$57

$33$20

610966

1702

24402950

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

$180

$200

5 10 15 20 30

Cost

inTh

ousa

nds

of $

PV Generation Size - peak power (KW)

App

rox.

Lan

d A

rea

(ft²

)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Est. Cost After Rebate Cost Land Area ( ft²)

Photovoltaic (PV) Power Generation Est'd Capital Cost & Land Area

$135

$110

$76

$44

$26

$101

$83

$57

$33$20

610966

1702

24402950

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

$180

$200

5 10 15 20 30

Cost

inTh

ousa

nds

of $


App

rox.

Lan

d A

rea

(ft²

)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Est. Cost After Rebate Cost Land Area ( ft²)

Photovoltaic (PV) Capital Cost vs. Generation Revenue

$13.30$8.90$6.70$4.50

$2.20

$20

$33

$57

$83

$101

8.9

7.38.5

9.3

7.6

$0.00

$20.00

$40.00

$60.00

$80.00

$100.00

$120.00

5 10 15 20 30

Est'

d A

nnua

l Rev

enue

in t

hous

ands

of $


Num

ber

of Y

ears

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0Gen. RevenueCapital CostYears to Breakeven

Approximately $0.18/kwhPhotovoltaic (PV)

Capital Cost vs. Generation Revenue

$13.30$8.90$6.70$4.50

$2.20

$20

$33

$57

$83

$101

8.9

7.38.5

9.3

7.6

$0.00

$20.00

$40.00

$60.00

$80.00

$100.00

$120.00

5 10 15 20 30

Est'

d A

nnua

l Rev

enue

in t

hous

ands

of $


Num

ber

of Y

ears

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0Gen. RevenueCapital CostYears to Breakeven

Approximately $0.18/kwh

Examples Consumption vs. PV Generation and Energy Costs

Analysis was conductedWater System - So-Hi Domestic Water Improvement

District, Golden Valley, AZ Facility - Chea Booster Station

Consumption vs. PV Generation and Energy CostsAnalysis was conductedWater System - So-Hi Domestic Water Improvement

District, Golden Valley, AZ Facility - Chea Booster Station

Chea Booster Station (Consumption vs PV Generation)For 5 KW - PV Solar System

0.57

0.400.35 0.31 0.29

1.08

1.44

0.49 0.47

0.34 0.38

0.52

0.79 0.84

1.041.11

1.161.10 1.07 1.10

1.05 1.01

0.840.76

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Th

ou

san

ds

kWh

s

Booster Sta (Usage) 5KW Solar PV System


0.57

0.400.35 0.31 0.29

1.08

1.44

0.49 0.47

0.34 0.38

0.52

0.79 0.84

1.041.11

1.161.10 1.07 1.10

1.05 1.01

0.840.76

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6


Th

ou

san

ds

kWh

s


Chea BPS Site Energy CostWith a 5 KW - PV Solar System

-$72-$53 -$48 -$44 -$42

-$139

-$184

-$63 -$61 -$47 -$51 -$66

$144 $153$189 $202 $212 $199 $195 $200 $191 $183

$153 $138

$72$100

$141$158 $169

$60

$11

$137 $131 $137$102

$72

-$200

-$150

-$100

-$50

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

Jan Feb M ar Apr M ay June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Chea BPS Site Energy Cost 5KW Solar PV Revenue Adjusted Energy Cost


-$72-$53 -$48 -$44 -$42

-$139

-$184

-$63 -$61 -$47 -$51 -$66

$144 $153$189 $202 $212 $199 $195 $200 $191 $183

$153 $138

$72$100

$141$158 $169

$60

$11

$137 $131 $137$102

$72

-$200

-$150

-$100

-$50

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300




0.570.40 0.35 0.31 0.29

1.08

1.44

0.49 0.470.34 0.38

0.52

1.58

1.86

2.08

2.29 2.33 2.262.14 2.20 2.17

2.02

1.74

1.52

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5


Thou

sand

s

kWhs



0.570.40 0.35 0.31 0.29

1.08

1.44

0.49 0.470.34 0.38

0.52

1.58

1.86

2.08

2.29 2.33 2.262.14 2.20 2.17

2.02

1.74

1.52

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5


Thou

sand

s

kWhs



-$72 -$53 -$48 -$44 -$42

-$139-$184

-$63 -$61 -$47 -$51 -$66

$288$339

$378$418 $423 $412

$389 $401 $395$367

$316$276

$216

$285$330

$373 $381

$272

$205

$338 $334 $320$265

$210

-$200

-$100

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500




-$72 -$53 -$48 -$44 -$42

-$139-$184

-$63 -$61 -$47 -$51 -$66

$288$339

$378$418 $423 $412

$389 $401 $395$367

$316$276

$216

$285$330

$373 $381

$272

$205

$338 $334 $320$265

$210

-$200

-$100

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500




0.570.40 0.35 0.31 0.29

1.081.44

0.49 0.47 0.34 0.38 0.52

3.16

3.72

4.15

4.59 4.65 4.534.28 4.40 4.34

4.03

3.47

3.04

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0


Th

ou

san

ds

kWh

s



0.570.40 0.35 0.31 0.29

1.081.44

0.49 0.47 0.34 0.38 0.52

3.16

3.72

4.15

4.59 4.65 4.534.28 4.40 4.34

4.03

3.47

3.04

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0


Th

ou

san

ds

kWh

s



-$72 -$53 -$48 -$44 -$42

-$139-$184

-$63 -$61 -$47 -$51 -$66

$575

$677$756

$835 $846 $824$779 $801 $790

$733

$632$553

$504

$624$708

$791 $804

$684$595

$738 $729$687

$581$487

-$200

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000




-$72 -$53 -$48 -$44 -$42

-$139-$184

-$63 -$61 -$47 -$51 -$66

$575

$677$756

$835 $846 $824$779 $801 $790

$733

$632$553

$504

$624$708

$791 $804

$684$595

$738 $729$687

$581$487

-$200

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000





District, Golden Valley, AZ Facility – Groundwater Well site Submersible type pump – 20 HP


District, Golden Valley, AZ Facility – Groundwater Well site Submersible type pump – 20 HP

Well Site (Consumption vs PV Generation)For 5 KW - PV Solar System

50.43 52.3647.59

50.5154.50

70.23

85.03

71.4567.23 68.46

59.86 60.17

0.79 0.84 1.04 1.11 1.16 1.10 1.07 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.84 0.76

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


Thou

sand

s

kWhs

Well Site (Usage) 5KW Solar PV (Generation)


50.43 52.3647.59

50.5154.50

70.23

85.03

71.4567.23 68.46

59.86 60.17

0.79 0.84 1.04 1.11 1.16 1.10 1.07 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.84 0.76

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


Thou

sand

s

kWhs


Well Site Energy CostWith a 5 KW - PV Solar System

-$713 -$733 -$698 -$719 -$748

-$922

-$1,050

-$861 -$831 -$840-$779 -$793

$144 $153 $189 $202 $212 $199 $195 $200 $191 $183 $153 $138

-$569 -$580-$509 -$517 -$536

-$723

-$855

-$661 -$640 -$657 -$626 -$655

-$1,100

-$900

-$700

-$500

-$300

-$100

$100

$300

$500


Well Site Energy Cost 5KW Solar PV Revenue Adjusted Energy Cost


-$713 -$733 -$698 -$719 -$748

-$922

-$1,050

-$861 -$831 -$840-$779 -$793

$144 $153 $189 $202 $212 $199 $195 $200 $191 $183 $153 $138

-$569 -$580-$509 -$517 -$536

-$723

-$855

-$661 -$640 -$657 -$626 -$655

-$1,100

-$900

-$700

-$500

-$300

-$100

$100

$300

$500




50.43 52.3647.59

50.5154.50

70.23

85.03

71.4567.23 68.46

59.86 60.17

1.58 1.86 2.08 2.29 2.33 2.26 2.14 2.20 2.17 2.02 1.74 1.52

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


Thou

sand

s

kWhs



50.43 52.3647.59

50.5154.50

70.23

85.03

71.4567.23 68.46

59.86 60.17

1.58 1.86 2.08 2.29 2.33 2.26 2.14 2.20 2.17 2.02 1.74 1.52

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


Thou

sand

s

kWhs



-$713 -$733 -$698 -$719 -$748

-$922-$1,050

-$861 -$831 -$840-$779 -$793

$288 $339 $378 $418 $423 $412 $389 $401 $395 $367 $316 $276

-$425 -$394-$320 -$302 -$325

-$510

-$661

-$460 -$436 -$473 -$463 -$516

-$1,200

-$1,000

-$800

-$600

-$400

-$200

$0

$200

$400

$600




-$713 -$733 -$698 -$719 -$748

-$922-$1,050

-$861 -$831 -$840-$779 -$793

$288 $339 $378 $418 $423 $412 $389 $401 $395 $367 $316 $276

-$425 -$394-$320 -$302 -$325

-$510

-$661

-$460 -$436 -$473 -$463 -$516

-$1,200

-$1,000

-$800

-$600

-$400

-$200

$0

$200

$400

$600




50.43 52.3647.59

50.5154.50

70.23

85.03

71.4567.23 68.46

59.86 60.17

3.16 3.72 4.15 4.59 4.65 4.53 4.28 4.40 4.34 4.03 3.47 3.04

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


Thou

sand

s

kWhs



50.43 52.3647.59

50.5154.50

70.23

85.03

71.4567.23 68.46

59.86 60.17

3.16 3.72 4.15 4.59 4.65 4.53 4.28 4.40 4.34 4.03 3.47 3.04

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


Thou

sand

s

kWhs



-$713 -$733 -$698 -$719 -$748-$922

-$1,050

-$861 -$831 -$840 -$779 -$793

$575$677

$756$835 $846 $824 $779 $801 $790 $733

$632$553

-$137-$56

$58 $116 $98

-$98

-$272

-$60 -$41 -$106 -$147-$240

-$1,100

-$600

-$100

$400

$900




-$713 -$733 -$698 -$719 -$748-$922

-$1,050

-$861 -$831 -$840 -$779 -$793

$575$677

$756$835 $846 $824 $779 $801 $790 $733

$632$553

-$137-$56

$58 $116 $98

-$98

-$272

-$60 -$41 -$106 -$147-$240

-$1,100

-$600

-$100

$400

$900



Project Funding Opportunities Water Infrastructure and Finance Authority of Arizona

(WIFA) Funding towards planning and design services only up to

$35,000 maximum. WIFA Drinking Water / Cleanwater Revolving Fund Loans: Funding for construction and/or design and construction can

be procured from WIFA. WIFA designates 20% of all revolving funds as "Green

Projects", meaning there is always funding directedfor renewable energy projects.

Water Infrastructure and Finance Authority of Arizona(WIFA) Funding towards planning and design services only up to

$35,000 maximum. WIFA Drinking Water / Cleanwater Revolving Fund Loans: Funding for construction and/or design and construction can

be procured from WIFA. WIFA designates 20% of all revolving funds as "Green

Projects", meaning there is always funding directedfor renewable energy projects.

Project Funding Opportunities US Bureau of Reclamation -WaterSMART Water and Energy

Efficiency Grants These grants are for construction of improvements and can match

up to 50% of the costs totaling $1,000,000.

US Department of Agriculture - Rural Development(USDA-RD) Typically the projects are funded as grant/loan

combinations. No funding limits. Grant/loan ratios arebased on community needs etc.

US Bureau of Reclamation -WaterSMART Water and EnergyEfficiency Grants These grants are for construction of improvements and can match

up to 50% of the costs totaling $1,000,000.

US Department of Agriculture - Rural Development(USDA-RD) Typically the projects are funded as grant/loan

combinations. No funding limits. Grant/loan ratios arebased on community needs etc.

Project Funding Opportunities US Department of Energy- Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Grants Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants (EECBG)

for governmental entities (cities, towns, counties, etc.) andtribes only.

Border Environment Conservation Commission(BECC)- For communities within 62 miles of the US-Mexico

international border, BECC offers grants andinfrastructure improvement loans through the NorthAmerican Development Bank.

US Department of Energy- Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Grants Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants (EECBG)

for governmental entities (cities, towns, counties, etc.) andtribes only.

Border Environment Conservation Commission(BECC)- For communities within 62 miles of the US-Mexico

international border, BECC offers grants andinfrastructure improvement loans through the NorthAmerican Development Bank.

Rebate and Subsidies Utility Rebate Programs APS SRP Tucson Electric Unisource Navopache Electric Co-op Inc.

Subsidies Tax incentives

Utility Rebate Programs APS SRP Tucson Electric Unisource Navopache Electric Co-op Inc.

Subsidies Tax incentives

Rebate Programs The rebates change based on size and location. They are also in effect for a limited time. Needs to be studied on a case-by-case basis. Generally, rebates range from 10% to almost 40%. The higher rebates are for “very” large projects.

The rebates change based on size and location. They are also in effect for a limited time. Needs to be studied on a case-by-case basis. Generally, rebates range from 10% to almost 40%. The higher rebates are for “very” large projects.

Closing Thoughts.. Implementation of Alternate Energy is very feasible from

financial standpoint Initial capital investment may be needed, but costs

incurred can be recovered overtime Active funding opportunities are available through various

government agencies Rebates are available from utility providers; however needs

to be considered on a case-by-case basis. A Preliminary Evaluation or a Feasibility Study must be

performed to determine basic technical and financialfeasibility.

Implementation of Alternate Energy is very feasible fromfinancial standpoint Initial capital investment may be needed, but costs

incurred can be recovered overtime Active funding opportunities are available through various

government agencies Rebates are available from utility providers; however needs

to be considered on a case-by-case basis. A Preliminary Evaluation or a Feasibility Study must be

performed to determine basic technical and financialfeasibility.

Thank you for your time Contact information: 4 Peaks Engineering Services

EIC Engineers, LLC

Waseem Khan, PG16810 Ave. of the Fountains, Ste. 204Fountain Hills, AZ 85268.Phone: 480.889.2328Email: [email protected]

Saqib Karori, PE,2484 N. Shade Tree LaneTucson, AZ 85715.Phone: 480.282.3869Email:[email protected]

Contact information: 4 Peaks Engineering Services

EIC Engineers, LLC

Waseem Khan, PG16810 Ave. of the Fountains, Ste. 204Fountain Hills, AZ 85268.Phone: 480.889.2328Email: [email protected]

Saqib Karori, PE,2484 N. Shade Tree LaneTucson, AZ 85715.Phone: 480.282.3869Email:[email protected]

Vahid Bagheri, PE14811 N. Kierland Blvd, #300Scottsdale, AZ 85254.Phone: 480.634.4130Email: [email protected]

Ed Lhota14811 N. Kierland Blvd, #300Scottsdale, AZ 85254.Phone: 480.634.4130Email: [email protected]



District, Golden Valley, AZ Facility – Water System Office A small office location with electric heating and cooling


District, Golden Valley, AZ Facility – Water System Office A small office location with electric heating and cooling

Office Location (Consumption vs PV Generation)For 5 KW - PV Solar System

14.55

12.61

7.91

3.04 3.39

7.44

13.75

12.4111.71

6.225.15

11.29

0.79 0.84 1.04 1.11 1.16 1.10 1.07 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.84 0.76

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16


Th

ou

san

ds

kWh

s

Office (Usage) 5KW Solar PV System


14.55

12.61

7.91

3.04 3.39

7.44

13.75

12.4111.71

6.225.15

11.29

0.79 0.84 1.04 1.11 1.16 1.10 1.07 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.84 0.76

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16


Th

ou

san

ds

kWh

s


Office Site Energy CostWith a 5 KW - PV Solar System

-$170-$150

-$97

-$44 -$47

-$99

-$176-$146 -$138

-$77 -$66

-$134

$144 $153$189 $202 $212 $199 $195 $200 $191 $183

$153 $138

-$26$3

$92 $101

$19$54 $53

$106$87

$5

$158 $164

-$200

-$150

-$100

-$50

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300


Office Site Energy Cost 5KW Solar PV Revenue Adjusted Energy Cost


-$170-$150

-$97

-$44 -$47

-$99

-$176-$146 -$138

-$77 -$66

-$134

$144 $153$189 $202 $212 $199 $195 $200 $191 $183

$153 $138

-$26$3

$92 $101

$19$54 $53

$106$87

$5

$158 $164

-$200

-$150

-$100

-$50

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300




14.55

12.61

7.91

3.04 3.39

7.44

13.75

12.4111.71

6.225.15

11.29

1.58 1.86 2.08 2.29 2.33 2.26 2.14 2.20 2.17 2.02 1.74 1.520

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16


Thou

sand

s

kWhs



14.55

12.61

7.91

3.04 3.39

7.44

13.75

12.4111.71

6.225.15

11.29

1.58 1.86 2.08 2.29 2.33 2.26 2.14 2.20 2.17 2.02 1.74 1.520

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16


Thou

sand

s

kWhs



-$170 -$150-$97

-$44 -$47-$99

-$176-$146 -$138

-$77 -$66

-$134

$288$339

$378$418 $423 $412

$389 $401 $395$367

$316$276

$118

$189

$281$313

$213$255 $257

$289

$143

$374 $376

$250

-$200

-$100

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500




-$170 -$150-$97

-$44 -$47-$99

-$176-$146 -$138

-$77 -$66

-$134

$288$339

$378$418 $423 $412

$389 $401 $395$367

$316$276

$118

$189

$281$313

$213$255 $257

$289

$143

$374 $376

$250

-$200

-$100

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500




14.55

12.61

7.91

3.04

7.44

13.75

12.4111.71

6.225.15

11.29

3.163.72 4.15 4.59 4.65 4.53 4.28 4.40 4.34 4.03

3.47 3.04

3.39

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16


Th

ou

san

ds

kWh

s



14.55

12.61

7.91

3.04

7.44

13.75

12.4111.71

6.225.15

11.29

3.163.72 4.15 4.59 4.65 4.53 4.28 4.40 4.34 4.03

3.47 3.04

3.39

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16


Th

ou

san

ds

kWh

s



-$170 -$150-$97

-$44 -$47-$99

-$176 -$146 -$138-$77 -$66

-$134

$575

$677$756

$835 $846 $824$779 $801 $790

$733

$632$553

$406

$527

$791 $799

$603$655 $652 $656

$566

$419

$725$659

-$200

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000




-$170 -$150-$97

-$44 -$47-$99

-$176 -$146 -$138-$77 -$66

-$134

$575

$677$756

$835 $846 $824$779 $801 $790

$733

$632$553

$406

$527

$791 $799

$603$655 $652 $656

$566

$419

$725$659

-$200

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000



Alternate Energy 08102010

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Transcript of Alternate Energy 08102010