ALSTOM – Micom

Compiled by: Meisam Ghasemibarghi April-2016 Faraniroo Co.

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ALSTOM – Micom

Introduction to Micom Protective Relays Principles of Micom S1 Agile Software


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Micom Alstom Relays


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Agile Protection relays

• Alstom’s Agile range protects critical power system assets, right from industrial systems, through distribution, rail, generation and up to the highest transmission voltages. Short-circuits, overloads and other faults are cleared in tripping times as fast as sub-cycle.

• From the simplest self-powered P50 Agile relay, through the colour

touch-screen P60 Agile, up to the compact and modular MiCOM P40 Agile ranges, security and dependability of operation is paramount. Agile devices are multifunction and fully numerical, including cyber secure substation communications interoperable with international standards such as IEC 61850 edition 2. Applications include feeder, motor, generator, distance, differential, transformer, line, busbar, voltage and frequency intelligent solutions.


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Ordering Method Alstom


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Ordering Method Alstom (continued)


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Ordering Method schneider


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Introduction to the Relay

• USER INTERFACES AND MENU STRUCTURE

The settings and functions of the MiCOM protection relay can be accessed both from the front panel keypad and LCD, and via the front and rear communication ports.

Front panelThe front panel of the relay is shown in the following figures :


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Introduction to the Relay • RELAY FRONT VIEW ARRANGEMENT WITH HOTKEYS (HARDWARE G, H

AND J)


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Introduction to the Relay • RELAY FRONT VIEW WITH FUNCTION KEYS (HARDWARE K)


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Introduction to the Relay The front panel of the relay includes the following:

• A 16-character by 2- or 3-line (since version C2.X) alphanumeric liquid crystal display (LCD).

• A keypad comprising 4 arrow keys, an enter key , a clear key , and a read key and two additive hotkeys (since hardware G-J, software C2.X).

• 12 LEDs; 4 fixed function LEDs on the left hand side of the front panel and 8 programmable function LEDs on the right hand side.

• 10 additional function keys plus 10 additional LEDs (since hardware K, software D1.x)


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Introduction to the Relay • Hotkey functionality

• SCROLL: Starts scrolling through the various default displays.

• STOP: Stops scrolling the default display for control of setting groups, control inputs and circuit breaker operation.


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Function key functionality The relay front panel, features control pushbutton switches with programmable LEDs that facilitate local control.

With these 10 direct-action push buttons and LEDs e.g. Enable/Disable the auto-recloser function. Using programmable scheme logic, the user can readily change the default direct-action pushbutton functions and LED indications to fit specific control and operational needs.


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Introduction to the Relay Under the top hinged cover: The relay serial number, and the relay’s current and voltage rating information.

Under the bottom hinged cover: battery compartment to hold the ½ AA size battery which is used for

memory back-up for the real time clock, ev ent, fault and disturbance records.

a 9-pin female D-type front port for communication with a PC locally to the relay (up to 15m distance) via an EIA(RS)232 serial data connection.

a 25-pin female D-type port providing internal signal monitoring and high speed local downloading of software and language text via a parallel data connection.


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Introduction to the Relay Fixed function LEDs : Trip (Red) indicates that the relay has issued a trip signal. It is reset when the associated

fault record is cleared from the front display. (Alternatively the trip LED can be configured to be self-resetting).

Alarm (Yellow) flashes to indicate that the relay has registered an alarm. This may be triggered by a fault, event or maintenance record. The LED will flash until the alarms have been accepted (read), after which the LED will change to constant illumination, and will extinguish when the alarms have been cleared.

Out of service (Yellow) indicates that the relay’s protection is unavailable.

Healthy (Green) indicates that the relay is in correct working order, and should be on at all times. It will be extinguished if the relay’s self-test facilities indicate that there is an error with the relay’s hardware or software. The state of the healthy LED is reflected by the watchdog contact at the back of the relay.


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Relay rear panel All current and voltage signals, digital logic input signals and output contacts are connected at the rear of t he relay.

Also connected at the rear is the twisted pair wiring for the rear EIA(RS)485 comm. port, the IRIG-B time synchronizing input and the optical fiber rear communication port (IEC103 or UCA2 by Ethernet) which are both optional. A second rear port (Courier) and an inter MiCOM port are also available.


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Introduction to the Relay Up to here


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Micom S1 Agile

S1 - Moving forwards with Agility

• Next generation in tools for configuration and maintenance of MiCOM – redefining MiCOM S1.

• The move from S1 Studio to S1 Agile underlines Alstom’s R&D investment in usability: to assemble all tools in a palette for simple entry, with intuitive navigation via fewer mouse-clicks.

• All applications are embedded.

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Key features in the MiCOM S1 family:

• Alstom Grid's integrated engineering tool that provides users with access to all automation IED configuration and record data

• Integrated configuration and monitoring features • Send and extract setting files • Event and disturbance record extraction and analysis

S1 Agile only: • Integrated programmable curve tool and RSTP redundant Ethernet

configuration for protection relays• Integrated automatic extraction of disturbance records facility• Integrated P740 and P746 remote HMI and topology tools for busbar

schemesCompiled by: Meisam

Ghasemibarghi April-2016 Faraniroo Co.


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Micom S1 Installation Steps :After Installation of the core software, Data models are to be added through the Data Model Manager Module.


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Data Model illustration:But first of all : What are data Models?The data model of any IEC 61850 IED can be viewed as a hierarchy of information.


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Data Model Definition :

The levels of this hierarchy can be described as follows:

Physical Device: Identifies the actual IED within a system. Typically the device’s name or IP address can be used (for example Feeder_1 or 10.0.0.2 ).

Logical Device: Identifies groups of related Logical Nodes within the Physical Device. For the MiCOM relays, 5 Logical Devices exist: Control, Measurements, Protection, Records, System.

Wrapper/Logical Node Instance: Identifies the major functional areas within the IEC 61850 data model. Either 3 or 6 characters are used as a prefix to define the functional group (wrapper) while the actual functionality is identified by a 4 character Logical Node name suffixed by an instance number. For example, XCBR1 (circuit breaker), MMXU1 (measurements), FrqPTOF2 (over frequency protection, stage 2).


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Data Model Definition : (Continued)

Data Object : This next layer is used to identify the type of data you will be presented with. For example, Pos. (position) of Logical Node type XCBR.

Data Attribute :This is the actual data (measurement value, status, description, etc.). For example, stVal. (status value) indicating actual position of circuit breaker for Data Object type Pos. of Logical Node type XCBR .


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Adding Data Models :

Below are some brief steps to install what is needed:

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Adding a New Project:

Now that we have the core software and all required Data Models installed, its time to create our new project.1. Create a new system – File\ New System2. Add a new Substation


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New Project (Continued)

3. Add a new Device In the type window , it

should be defined that your device belongs to which Series of Micom devices.

Here we are going to add a P444 Protective relay which obviously belongs to PX40 Series .


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4. In this step model number should be exerted exactly according to the Cortec. file of the ordered relay.


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Now we have a Substation with 1 voltage level and an added P444 Protective Relay.


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New Project (Continued)Now followed is the explanation of each item from the drop down list :• 1. Connection

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Connection

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Settings2. SettingsThe settings database contains all of the settings and data for the relay, including the protection, disturbance recorder and control & support settings. The settings are maintained in non-volatile E2PROM memory.


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Settings


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SettingsBriefly discussed each item in the settings column will be followed .

2.1_System Data


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Settings2.2_Configuration


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Settings2.3_CT & VT Ratios


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Settings2.4_Disturb Recorder


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Settings2.5_Measurement Setup


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Settings2.6_Control I/P Config

The hotkeys in the front panel can perform a direct command if a dedicated PSL has been previously created using “CONTROL INPUT” cell. MiCOM Relays offer up to 32 control inputs which can be activated by the Hotkey manually or by the IEC 103 remote communication


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Settings2.6_Group 1Based on the target Protective relay and applied configuration, this item consists of specific items.

Detailed explanation of each sub menu item for typical relays will be discussed later in this course.


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PSL (Programmable scheme logic )The purpose of the programmable scheme logic (PSL) is to allow the relay user to configure an individual protection scheme to suit their own particular application. This is achieved through the use of programmable logic gates and delay timers.

Inputs : The input to the PSL is any combination of the status of the digital input signals from the opto-isolators on the input board, the outputs of the protection elements, e.g. protection starts and trips, and the outputs of the fixed protection scheme logic.

Output: The outputs of the PSL are the LEDs on the front panel of the re lay and the output contacts at the rear.

Key Feature Only the part of the PSL logic that is affected by the particular input change that has occurred is processed. This reduces the amount of processing time that is used by the PSL.


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PSL (Continued)


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Inputs :• Opto Signals VS Input Signals

Opto Signals are those which represent external hardwired signals such as ( Positions , fail/healthy conditions and so on ).

Input signals however are those which used to indicate a partial software logic inside the relay.


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MCL 61850 (Detailed Capabilities in Micom Relays ):1. Read access to measurements 2. All measurands are presented using the measurement Logical Nodes, in the ‘Measurements’ Logical Device. Reported measurement values are refreshed by the relay once per second, in line with the relay user interface. 3. Generation of un buffered reports on change of status/measurement 4. Un buffered reports, when enabled, report any change of state in statuses and/or measurements (according to dead band settings). 5. Support for time synchronization over an Ethernet link 6. Time synchronization is supported using SN TP (Simple Network Time Protocol); this protocol is used to synchronize the internal real time clock of the relays. 7. GOOSE peer-to-peer communication 8. GOOSE communications of statuses ar e included as part of the IEC 61850 implementation. Please see section 6.6 for more details. 9. Disturbance record extraction 10. Extraction of disturbance records, by file transfer, is supported by the MiCOM relays. The record is extracted as an ASCII format COMTRADE file.


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MCL 61850 - Generate A new MCL:As mentioned lately , the IEC61850 protocols allows the IED to stablish time synchronization over an Ethernet link . Now following steps will lead us to a typical configuration of such a capability.

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1. Template Summary


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Generate A new MCL(Continued):

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Events :• Where every single occurred incident could be reached for further

analyses.


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Case Study Mahshahr 230KV Power Plant

Substation


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Mahshar 230KV Power Plant Substation

First of all what is the case ?Following are some core basic documents of our case study

1. General Single Line diagram (GSLD)2. Protection Single Line diagram (PSLD)3. Relay List – Ordering Codes4. Function Description


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General Single Line diagram (GSLD)


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Protection Single Line diagram


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Relay List & Ordering Codes


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Relay List & Ordering Codes


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Distance Relay (P444)

According to what is ordered for this project the relay has below illustrated functions embedded in it. It is now the time for partial explanation of each.


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Function Description-Distance Relay Phase fault distance protection

The P444 relays have 6 zones of phase fault protection, as shown in the impedance plot Figure below.


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Function Description-Distance

All phase fault protection elements are quadrilateral shaped, and are directionalised as follows:

• Zones 1, 2 and 3 - Directional forward zones, as used in conventional three zone distance schemes. Note that Zone 1 can be extended to Zone 1X when required in zone 1 extension schemes (see page 17 §2.5.2).

• Zone p and q - Programmable. Selectable in MiCOM S1 (Distance scheme\Fault type) as a directional forward or reverse zone.

• Zone 4 - Directional reverse zone. Note that zone 3 and zone 4 can be set with same Rloop value to provide a general start of the relay.


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Function Description-Distance Earth fault distance protection

The P441, P 442 and P444 relays have 6 zones of earth (ground) fault protection, as shown in the earth loop impedance plot Figure below. Type of fault can be selected in MiCOM S1 (only Phase/Phase or P/P & P/Ground)


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Function Description-Protection Functions Protection FunctionsThe relay series has been designed to cater for the protection of a wide range of overhead lines and underground cables from distribution to transmission voltage levels .

21G/21P : Phase and earth fault distance protection, each with up to 5 independent zones of protection (6 zones from version C5.0, model 36J). Standard and customized signaling schemes are available to give fast fault clearance for the whole of the protected line or cable .

50/51 : Instantaneous and time delayed overcurrent protection - Four elements are available, with independent directional control for the 1stand 2nd element. The 3rd element can be used for SOFT/TOR logic. The fourth element can be configured for stub bus protection in 1½ circuit breaker arrangements.


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Function Description-Protection Functions

50N/51N : Instantaneous and time delay ed neutral overcurrent protection. Two elements are available (four elements from version C1.0, model 020G or 020H).

67N : Directional earth fault protection (DEF) - This can be configured for channel aided protection, plus two elements are available for backup DEF.

32N : Maximum of Residual Power Protection - Zero sequence Power Protection This element provides protection for high resistance faults, eliminated without communication channel.

27 : Under voltage Protection - Two stage, configurable as either phase to phase or phase to neutral measuring. Stage 1 may be selected as either IDMT or DT and stage 2 is DT only.


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Function Description-Protection Functions 49 : (Since version C2.X) Thermal overload Protection - with dual time

constant. This element provides separate alarm and trip thresholds.

59 : Overvoltage Protection - Two stages, configurable as either phase to phase or phase to neutral measuring. Stage 1 may be selected as either IDMT or DT and stage 2 is DT only.

67/46 : Directional or non-directional negative sequence overcurrent protection - This element can provide backup protection for many unbalanced fault conditions.

50/27 : Switch on to fault (SOTF) protection - These settings enhance the protection applied for manual circuit breaker closure.


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50/27 : Trip on reclose (TOR) protection - These settings enhance the protection applied on autoreclosure of the circuit breaker.

78 – 68 : Power swing blocking - Selective blocking of distance protection zones ensures stability during the power swings experienced on sub-transmission and transmission systems (stable swing or Out of Step condition = loss of synchronism). From version C1.0, the relay can differentiate between a stable power swing and a loss of synchronism (out of steps).

VTS : Voltage transformer supervision (VTS). - To detect VT fuse failures. This prevents maloperation of voltage dependent protection on AC voltage input failure.


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CTS : Current transformer supervision - To raise an alarm should one or more of the connections from the phase CTs become faulty.

46 BC : Broken conductor detection - To detect network faults such as open circuits, where a conductor may be broken but not in contact with another conductor or the earth.

50 BF : Circuit breaker failure protection - Generally set to back trip upstream circuit breakers, should the circuit breaker at the protected terminal fail to trip. Two stages are provided.


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Function DescriptionNon-Protection Functions 79/25 : Auto reclosure with Check synchronism - This permits up to 4

reclose shots, with voltage synchronism, differential voltage, live line/dead bus, and dead bus/live line interlocking available. Check synchronism is optional.

Measurements - Selected measurement values polled at the line/cable terminal, available for display on the relay or accessed from the serial communications facility.

Fault/Event/Disturbance Records - Available from the serial communications or on the relay display (fault and event records only).


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Function Description-Non Protection Funcs.

Distance to fault locator - Reading in km, miles or % of line length.

Four Setting Groups - Independent setting groups to cater for alternative power system arrangements or customer specific applications.

Remote Serial Communications - To allow remote access to the relays. The following communications protocols are supported: Courier, MODBUS, IEC60870-5/103 and DNP3 (UCA2 soon available).

Continuous Self Monitoring - Power on di agnostics and self checking routines to provide maximum relay reliability and availability


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Function Description-Non Protection Funcs.

Circuit Breaker State Monitoring - Provides indication of any discrepancy between circuit breaker auxiliary contacts.

Circuit Breaker Control - Opening and closing of the circuit breaker can be achieved either locally via the user interface / opto inputs, or remotely via serial communications.

Circuit Breaker Condition Monitoring - Provides records / alarm outputs regarding the number of CB operations, sum of the interrupted current and the breaker operating time.

Commissioning Test Facilities.


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Additional Features (P444) Single pole tripping and autoreclose. Real Time Clock Synchronization - Time synchronization is

possible from the relay IRIG-B input. (IRIG-B must be specified as an option at time of order).

Fiber optic converter for IEC60870-5/103 communication (optional).

Second rear port in COURIER Protocol (KBus/RS232/RS485) 24 Logic Inputs - For monitoring of the circuit breaker and

other plant status. 32 Output relay contacts - For tripping, alarming, status

indication and remote control.

ALSTOM – Micom

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