1. Berachot Et Tefilat HaShachar (the Morning Prayers and Blessings)
Alot Hashachar: Netz Hachamah:Shkiah: Tzeit Hakochovim:
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Transcript of Alot Hashachar: Netz Hachamah:Shkiah: Tzeit Hakochovim:
![Page 1: Alot Hashachar: Netz Hachamah:Shkiah: Tzeit Hakochovim:](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ced5503460f949bad5a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Alot Hashachar:
Netz Hachamah:Shkiah:
Tzeit Hakochovim:
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HorizonSunrise
Morning Twilight
Evening Twilight
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Alot Hashachar: - DawnThe time that marks the beginning of the twilight before sunrise. It is recognized by the presence of weak sunlight, while the sun itself is still below the horizon. Dawn should not be confused with sunrise, which is the moment when the leading edge of the sun itself appears above the horizon.
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Netz Hachamah: - SunriseThe instant at which the upper edge of the Sun appears above the horizon in the east.
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Shkiah: - SunsetThe daily disappearance of the sun below the horizon as a result of the Earth's rotation.
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DuskThe beginning of darkness in the evening, and occurs after twilight.
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Tzeit Hakochovim:The time when three stars are visible in the sky and nightfall is complete.
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Sha'ah Zemanit: - JEWISH HOURProportional hour, i.e. an hour according to halachah. Total daylight hours divided by 12.
Sunrise until Sunset12
Sha’ah Zemanit – Jewish hour
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Example:October, 4 2010 – Philadelphia
Netz Hachama – Sunrise: 7:00 AMShkiah – Sunset: 6:36 PM
11 hours and 36 minutes
11 x 60 = 660 minutes
660 minutes+ 36 minutes 696 minutes 11 hours and 36 minutes
Length of the day for October, 4 2010 in Philadelphia
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69612
5
60-------
96
8
------96
0
One Jewish hour on October 4, 2010 in Philadelphia is 58 minutes.
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58 minutes = 1 Jewish hour
Sunr
ise Sunset
7:00
am
7:58
am
8:56
am
9:54
am
10:5
2 am
11:5
0 am
12:4
8 pm
1:46
pm
2:44
pm
3:42
pm
4:40
pm
5:38
pm
6:36
pm
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr
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Other important times:
•Chatzot:Midday; the halfway point between sunrise and sunset.
•Minchah Gedolah:Half a shaah zmanit after chatzot.
•Minchah Ketanah:Nine and a half shaot zmaniot after sunrise.
•Plag Haminchah:Ten and three quarters shaot zmaniyot after sunrise.
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•Chatzot:Midday; the halfway point between sunrise and sunset.
To calculate: 6 x Jewish hour
Example:
6 x 58 minutes = 348 minutes
348/60 = 5 remainder 48
Chatzot is 5 hours and 48 minutes after sunrise
7:00 am + 5 hours 48 minutes = 12:48 pm
Sunr
ise Sunset
7:00
am
7:58
am
8:56
am
9:54
am
10:5
2 am
11:5
0 am
12:4
8 pm
1:46
pm
2:44
pm
3:42
pm
4:40
pm
5:38
pm
6:36
pm
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hrChatz
ot
12:4
8 pm
6 hr
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•Minchah Gedolah:Half a shaah zmanit after chatzot.
To calculate: 6.5 x Jewish hour
Example:
6.5 x 58 minutes = 377 minutes
377/60 = 6 remainder 17
Minchah Gedolah is 6 hours and 17 minutes after sunrise
7:00 am + 6 hours 17 minutes = 1:17 pm
Sunr
ise Sunset
7:00
am
7:58
am
8:56
am
9:54
am
10:5
2 am
11:5
0 am
12:4
8 pm
1:46
pm
2:44
pm
3:42
pm
4:40
pm
5:38
pm
6:36
pm
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hrM
inchah
Gedolah
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•Minchah Ketanah:Nine and a half shaot zmaniot after sunrise.
To calculate: 9.5 x Jewish hour
Example:
9.5 x 58 minutes = 551 minutes
551/60 = 9 remainder 11
Minchah Ketanah is 9 hours and 11 minutes after sunrise
7:00 am + 9 hours 11 minutes = 4:11 pm
Sunr
ise Sunset
7:00
am
7:58
am
8:56
am
9:54
am
10:5
2 am
11:5
0 am
12:4
8 pm
1:46
pm
2:44
pm
3:42
pm
4:40
pm
5:38
pm
6:36
pm
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr
Minch
ah
Ketanah
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•Plag Haminchah:Ten and three quarters shaot zmaniyot after sunrise.
To calculate: 10.75 x Jewish hour
Example:
10.75 x 58 minutes = 623 minutes
623/60 = 10 remainder 23
Plag Hamincha is 10 hours and 23 minutes after sunrise
7:00 am + 10 hours 23 minutes = 5:23 pm
Sunr
ise Sunset
7:00
am
7:58
am
8:56
am
9:54
am
10:5
2 am
11:5
0 am
12:4
8 pm
1:46
pm
2:44
pm
3:42
pm
4:40
pm
5:38
pm
6:36
pm
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr
Plag
Haminch
a
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Sha'ah Zemanit: - JEWISH HOURProportional hour, i.e. an hour according to halachah. Total nighttime hours divided by 12.
Sunset until Sunrise12
Sha’ah Zemanit – Jewish hour
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Example:October, 4 - 5 2010 – Philadelphia
Netz Hachama – Sunset: 6:36 PMShkiah – Sunrise: 7:00 AM
12 hours and 24 minutes
12 x 60 = 720 minutes
720 minutes+ 24 minutes 744 minutes 12 hours and 24 minutes
Length of the night for October, 4 - 5 2010 in Philadelphia
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74412
6
72-------
24
2
------24
0
One Jewish hour on October 4 - 5 , 2010 in Philadelphia is 1 hour and 2 minutes.
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1 hour and 2 minutes = 1 Jewish hour
Suns
etSunrise
6:36
pm
7:38
pm
8:40
pm
9:42
pm
10:4
4 pm
11:4
6 pm
12:4
8 am
1:50
am
2:52
am
3:54
am
4:56
am
5:58
am
7:00
am
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr
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Terms for night:
•ChatzotMidnight; the halfway point between sunset and sunrise.
•ShmiraThe night is divided up into three sections, each section
being called a shmira.
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Suns
etSunrise
6:36
pm
7:38
pm
8:40
pm
9:42
pm
10:4
4 pm
11:4
6 pm
12:4
8 am
1:50
am
2:52
am
3:54
am
4:56
am
5:58
am
7:00
am
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr
•ChatzotMidnight; the halfway point between sunset and sunrise.
To calculate: 6 x Jewish hour
Example:
6 x 62 minutes = 372 minutes
372/60 = 6 remainder 12
Chatzot is 6 hours and 12 minutes after sunset
6:36 pm + 6 hours 12 minutes = 12:48 am
Chatzot
12:4
8 am
6 hr
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•ShmiraThe night is divided up into three sections, each section
being called a shmira.
To calculate end of first shmira: 4 x Jewish hour
Example:
4 x 62 minutes = 248 minutes
248/60 = 4 remainder 8
The first shmira ends 4 hours and 8 minutes after sunset
6:36 pm + 4 hours 8 minutes = 10:44 pm
Suns
etSunrise
6:36
pm
7:38
pm
8:40
pm
9:42
pm
10:4
4 pm
11:4
6 pm
12:4
8 am
1:50
am
2:52
am
3:54
am
4:56
am
5:58
am
7:00
am
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr
10:4
4 pm
4 hr
First Shmira
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•ShmiraThe night is divided up into three sections, each section
being called a shmira.
To calculate end of second shmira: 8 x Jewish hour
Example:
8 x 62 minutes = 596 minutes
496/60 = 8 remainder 16
The second shmira ends 8 hours and 16 minutes after sunset
6:36 pm + 8 hours 16 minutes = 2:52 am
Suns
etSunrise
6:36
pm
7:38
pm
8:40
pm
9:42
pm
10:4
4 pm
11:4
6 pm
12:4
8 am
1:50
am
2:52
am
3:54
am
4:56
am
5:58
am
7:00
am
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr
2:52
am
8 hr
Second Shmira
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Suns
etSunrise 6:
36 p
m
7:38
pm
8:40
pm
9:42
pm
10:4
4 pm
11:4
6 pm
12:4
8 am
1:50
am
2:52
am
3:54
am
4:56
am
5:58
am
7:00
am
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr
2:52
am
8 hr
Second Shmira
10:4
4 pm
4 hr
First Shmira Third Shmira