ALNJ5360 Timeline cutout 03052017 PRINT
6
98 324 116 362 ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data. Data i Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016) l Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015 (available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia) v EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html) 1 Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017 (available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid) 1997 The International Criminal Court is established. The Kyoto Protocol is adopted. 1998 1999 The Sphere Project is established. DHA becomes OCHA. Sierra Leone flash appeal Mercy Malaysia sends relief teams to Turkey. El Niño event ALNAP is established. Major humanitarian crises New humanitarian initiatives and ways of working Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year l Number of natural disasters globally v 20 years of change in humanitarian action: A timeline by ALNAP ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change. The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change. To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement established. Key 2 1 2 3 Apply glue on the tapered part of a sheet and overlap the next sheet Cut out each sheet, following the dashed line 1
Transcript of ALNJ5360 Timeline cutout 03052017 PRINT
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
21
2
3
Apply glue onthe taperedpart of a sheetand overlapthe next sheet
Cut out eachsheet, followingthe dashed line
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
1
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
3
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
2
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
4
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
3
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
5
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
4
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
6
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
5
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
98
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
698
324
116
362
112
414
120
526
105
447117
505
118
420
109
39897
487
90
462
86
450
103
393
88
388
80
435102
361
103
369
115
355
128
342
149
394
297
96.2m
US$22.7bn
96.6m
US$20bn
82.5m
US$24.1bn
76mUS$14.3bn
73m
US$12.9bn
62m
US$13.6bn
65m
US$15.8bn
53m
US$12.3bn
43m
US$11.8bn
28m
US$7.8bn
26m
US$7.6bn
US$12.2bn
US$4.6bn
US$6.4bn
US$4.9bn
US$3.6bn
US$1.9bn
Total reported humanitarian fundingi
Total reporte
d humanitarian fundingi
Number of targeted recipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally vNumber of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of natural disasters globally v
ALNAP would like to thank CaLP, Norah Niland, John Twigg, Wendy Fenton, and the participants at ALNAP's 31 Annual Meeting for their content suggestions. The placement of elements in this timeline is approximate, and is intended for illustrative and discursive purposes only. Points on the timeline, especially the pink dots, are intended to mark either the beginning or the significant scaling up of events or responses which, in many cases, lasted for many years. There is no relationship between the size of dots and any other variable. Similarly, the graphs displayed in the timeline are not on the same scale, but are intended to be representative of the general trends within the data.
Data
i�Total funding reported to the UN OCHA Financial Tracking Service each year in USD, 2000–2016 (available at: https://fts.unocha.org/global-funding/overview/2016)
l�Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, aggregate number of state-based, non-state, and one-sided conflicts per year, 1997–2015(available at: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/encyclopedia)
v�EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disasters Database, Centre for Researchon the Epidemiology of Disasters, Natural disasters across all continents between 1997–2016 (available at: www.emdat.be/disaster_trends/index.html)
1�Targeted recipients of aid in millions, OCHA State of Aid data, 2007–2017(available at: www.unocha.org/stateofaid)
1997 The International
Criminal Courtis established.
MillenniumDevelopment Goals
are adopted.
Al Qaedaattacks USA
on 9/11.
USA launchesmilitary operationsin Iraq.
United Nations GeneralAssembly establishesthe Human Rights Council.
World urban populationestimated to reach 50%.
End of Sri Lankancivil war, high numberof civilian casualties
United NationsGeneral Assembly
establishes UN Women.
First WorldHumanitarian Day
2nd Congolesewar formallycomes to an end.
UK militaryintervenes inSierra Leone.
NATO bombingof Kosovo begins.
The Kyoto Protocolis adopted.
World populationhits six billion.
UN Peacekeepingreform starts.
USA launches militaryoperations in Afghanistan.
‘The Responsibilityto Protect’ reportis published.
Truck bomb destroysUN Headquartersin Baghdad.
UN Charterturns 60.
Live8 concertstake place.
Arab Springbegins.
Protests beginin Syria, leading to thestart of the civil war.
Early warning ofEast African
drought is flagged.
Fighting beginsin Central
Africa Republic.
Civil war breaks outin South Sudan.
EU–Turkeymigrant deal
is reached.
Russian Federationannexes Crimea.
Paris ClimateAgreement is adopted.
Colombian Congressratifies peace agreement
with the FARC.
South Sudanbecomes anindependent state.
NATO leadsinterventionin Libya.
Kyoto Protocolenters into force.Paris Declarationon Aid Effectivenessis signed.
Lebanon Warbegins.
Global FinancialCrisis begins.
World populationhits seven billion.
UN Conference onSustainable Development
(Rio+20 Earth Summit)
End of combatoperations in Afghanistan.
UN Summit forRefugees and Migrants19
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 Sustainable
Development Goalsare adopted.20
15
2016
2017
Indian OceanEarthquake
and Tsunami
KashmirEarthquake,
Pakistan
PakistanFloods
JapanEarthquake
East AfricaDrought
Response
L3emergency:
Yemen
Over one millionrefugees and
migrants arrivein Europe.
The SphereProject is
established.
HumanitarianAccountability
Partnership (HAP)is established.
WFP pilotsweather-based
insurance.
The ten-yearHyogo Framework
is adopted.
Concept of‘resilience’ iswidely used.
Responsibilityto Protect (R2P)
is adopted.
HumanitarianReform Process
begins.
First GlobalPlatform for Disaster
Risk Reductionis launched.
TEC SynthesisReport recommends
increased localownership and
accountability inresponses.
Central EmergencyResponse Fund
(CERF) is launched.
InternationalDisaster Relief
Laws Guidelinesare adopted.
SendaiFramework for
DRR 2015–2030is adopted.
Cash transferprogrammingis widely usedacross sectors.
TransformativeAgenda is
agreed upon.
Revision of theSphere Handbook
is published.
The governmentof Pakistan provides
cash digitally,using 1.7 million
debit cards.
Cash andLearning Partnership
(CaLP) is officiallylaunched.
DHAbecomes
OCHA.
Sierra Leoneflash appeal
MercyMalaysia sends
relief teamsto Turkey.
UNSC 1265:stresses need toaddress causes
of conflict.
UNISDRis created.
Great Lakes andDR Congo appeals:
assistance issignificantlyscaled up.
DPRKresponse
South-easternEurope
response
GujuratEarthquake,
India
Last timeIndia requestsinternationalassistance.
Horn ofAfrica
Droughtresponses
BRACestablishes
a programme inAfghanistan.
Afghanistanresponse
RegionalSouthern
Africaresponse
WHO issuesglobal alertfor SARS.
Cote d'Ivoireflash appeal
Good HumanitarianDonorship principles
are endorsed.
Cash transferprogramming isused on a smallscale in Aceh.
BangladeshMonsoon
Floods
Darfur crisis
DR Congoaction plan
CycloneNargis
ASEAN is centralto response.
Kenyanelection
crisis
ECHOremoves cap oncash transfers.
Gaza crisis
Mobiletechnology iswidely used.
HaitiEarthquake
Interest inurban response
increases.
IASC Task Forceon Accountability toAffected Populations
is created.
L3emergency:
Syria
L3emergency:
CAR
L3emergency:
Iraq
L3emergency:South Sudan
Social mediais widely used.
The EmergencyCapacity Building
(ECB) Projectis founded.
CoreHumanitarian
Standardis launched.
L3emergency:Philippines(TyphoonHaiyan)
WHO declaresEbola an international
emergency.
Cluster systemis activated
for first time.
Iraq crisisappeal
PSEA coreprinciples areestablished.
Email usedwidely at the
field level.
NorthernCaucasusresponse
El Niño event
ALNAP isestablished.
Majorhumanitarian
crises
New humanitarianinitiatives and ways
of working
Total reportedhumanitarian fundingi
Number of targetedrecipients of aid1
Number of state-based, non-state,and one-sided conflicts per yearl
Number of naturaldisasters globally v
Sudantransitional
plan
It includeshumanitarian,recovery anddevelopment
elements.
World foodprice crisis:global foodinsecurityincreases.
20 years of changein humanitarian action:A timeline by ALNAPALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, held in Stockholm on 14–15 February 2017, looked at how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. This timeline, capturing the twenty years since ALNAP was founded, facilitated discussions around change.
The ALNAP Secretariat prepared the initial timeline and invited the meeting's participants to add their own moments of change in humanitarian action. This revised version of the timeline has incorporated many of these and also invites you to add your own momentsof change.
To find out more about ALNAP's 31st Annual Meeting, please visit alnap.org/31am
UN GuidingPrinciples on Internal
Displacementestablished.
Kampala Conventioncomes into force:
world's first legallybinding conventionfor protection andassistance of IDPs.
East andHorn of Africa
Drought
Grand Bargainis launched.
First WorldHumanitarian
Summittakes place.
NEAR Networkis established.
European Consensuson Humanitarian Aid
outlines why, how, andwhen the EU acts
in response tohumanitarian crises.
Global Networkof Civil Society
Organisations forDisaster Reduction
(GNDR) isestablished.
Key
