STANDARDS FOR RANGELAND HEALTH ASSESSMENT FOR FIVEMILE BUTTE ALLOTMENT #0426

Allotment Overview Fivemile Butte #0426

Location: See Attached Map 7.5 Minute Topographic Map: St. Patricks Mtn, Ana River, Diablo Peak, Bull Lake, Sharp Top, Loco Lake, South of Ana River, Slide Mtn., Paisley AUMs of Authorized Use: 1,021 AUMs Permitted Seasons: Spring Grazing System: Sp,Su Allotment Category: I Total Acres: 41,815 BLM acres 1,216 Private acres 43,031 Total acres Grazing Management: A rest rotation type system with grazing the Seeding pasture one year and the then the two native pastures the next year. The grazing season runs from the middle of March to June I.

Standard 1 - Upland Watershed Function Upland soils exhibit infiltration and permeability rates, moisture storage, and stability that are appropriate to soil, climate, and landform.

Meets Standard

An indicator ofUpland Watershed condition is plant composition and community structure. Current plant composition is compared to a defined Potential Natural Plant Community for the identified soil type and precipitation zone. Using the Ecological Site Inventory, the percent of the allotment in each seral stage is summarized in the table below.

Table 1. ECOLOGICAL CONDITION RATING Five Mile Butte Allotment

Seral Stage Percent comparability to Potential Percent seral stage Natural Community

17% Early 0-25%

11% Mid 26-50%

Late 51-75% 28%

PNC 76-100% 15%

Rock outcrops 29% and Unknown*

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• The unknown acres are the inclusions within a vegetation community that includetransition areas and plant communities too small to be mapped separately.

The current condition ofthe allotment is favorable with 43% of the allotment either in the Late seral or PNC stage. This indicates that a significant portion of the allotment has the plant composition and structure that would be expected in these ecological sites . Only the seeding pasture has a significant percentage (59%) in the early seral stage which is dominated by cheatgrass following the wildfire in 1983 (Appendix C).

Another indicator used to evaluate this standard is the Soil Surface Factor (SSF). Soil Surface Factor (SSF) is an indicator of accelerated erosion and is a method of documenting observations regarding erosion. Factors used in the rating process are: soil movement, surface litter, surface rock, pedestalling, flow patterns, rills and gullies. An erosion condition class is assigned based on 0-100 scale. A copy of the form used to document SSF is attached (Appendix B, "Determination of Erosion Condition Class").

-: The following tables show the SSF classes for the allotment. The majority.of'the allotment is in the moderate class and this condition is found in all three pastures with the worst conditions in the west pasture (Appendix D). The west pasture has 21% in the critical class, however all the acres in the critical class are within the Greasewood dominated types. These greasewood types have high erosion potential as part of their natural condition, as 80% of the greasewood acres in the critical class are also rated in Potential Natural Condition (PNC). The PNC rating is the best ecological condition rating as seen in Appendix C. Therefore high soil erosion is part of these sites naturally and is not the result of the current grazing management.

Table 2 SOIL SURFACE FACTOR Five Mile Butte Allotment Percent of Percent in each Soil Surface Factor Condition Class (SSF) allotment Stable Slight Moderate Critical Severe

Vezetation I 75% Unknown or Rock 125% outcrop

A more detailed breakdown ofthe SSF can be found in Appendix D (attached) summarizing the Ecological Site Inventory (EST) data by pasture within the allotment.

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• Standard 2 - RiparianlWetland Watershed Function - Riparian-wetland areas are in properly functioning physical condition appropriate to soil, climate, and landform.

Meets Standard

There are 1,676 acres of Palustrine and 2,559 acres of Lacustrine and all are in Properly Functioning Condition.

Standard 3 - Ecological Processes - Healthy, productive, and diverse plant and animal appropriate to soil, climate, and landform are supported by ecological processes of nutrient cycling, energy flow, and the hydrologic cycle. populations and communities

Meets Standard

As stated earlier a significant portion of the allotment (43%) is in the late seral stage and this indicates the allotment has a productive and diverse plant community. The Observed Apparent Trend (OAT) (Table 3) indicates that most of the allotment is static (63%). The static trend (Tables 3-6) combined with the Late and Mid seral stages indicates the plant communities in most of the allotment are healthy, productive and diverse. The static trend also shows the nutrient cycling, energy flows and hydrological cycles are functioning properly and this indicates the better condition range sites are not be negatively impacted by current grazing management. Most of the sites with a downward trend rating (Table 5), are sites with only Sagebrush, or sites infested with cheatgrass or rabbitbrush. All of these sites were impacted by historical grazing and the wildfire in 1983and can not be restored without major rehabilitation efforts.

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Table 3 OBSERVED APPARENT TREND Five Mile Butte Allotment Percent of Percent in each Observed A parent Trend Category (OAT) allotment Upward Static Downward

Vegetation I 78% Unknown or Rock 122% outcro

Table 4 OBSERVED APPARENT TREND East Pasture Percent of Percent in each Observed Apparent Trend Category (OAT allotment Upward Static Downward

Vegetation I 85% Unknown or Rock 115%

outcro

Table 5 OBSERVED APPARENT TREND Seeding Pasture Percent of Percent in each Observed Apparent Trend Category (OAT) allotment Upward Static Downward

Vegetation I 81% Unknown or Rock I 19% outcro

Table 6 OBSERVED APPARENT TREND West Pasture Percent of Percent in each Observed Apparent Trend Category (OAT) allotment Upward Static Downward

Vegetation I 65% Unknown or Rock 135% outcro

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• There are 4 photo trend plots in the allotment and two in the Seeding pasture and two in the East Pasture. The trend for all four is similar with the first photos in 1985 showing a burned pasture with no remaining vegetation. The seeding appeared to be healthy and productive later in the 1980's and through 2004, with variation through the years probably due to grazing levels and precipitation. There is one frequency trend plot in the East pasture and the ground cover and frequency of individual plant species listed below (Table 7). This frequency transect indicates an increase in the vegetation ground cover between 1989 and 2004. The frequency data also illustrates a large variation in bottlebrush squirreltail, probably as a result of precipitation with no significant change in the presence of other perennial grasses, Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass and Sandberg's bluegrass. This indicates a static trend in the vegetation composition except for the increase in rabbitbrush frequency between 1989 and 2004. This is an expected response for a Wyoming sagebrush/grass site recovering from a fire. In a Wyoming sagrebrush/grass site, rabbitbrush is often the first shrub to occupy the site, and often for several years .

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• TABLE 7 FIVE MILE BUTTE ALLOTMENT NESTED FREQUENCY SUMMARY EAST NATIVE PASTURE STUDY PLOT: FMB-05

YEAR " f'~ 1989 1994, 1999 2 0 0 3 "~~."

'BAREGROUND. 28% 22% 57% 37% ' COBBLHi 24% 20% 13% 24% LITTER" 43% 39% 0% 17% VEGETATION . 3% 19% 30% 22%

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,S:U: UY 33% 9% 18% 19% POSE 31% 35% 50% 46% STTH 80% 78% 78% 85% AGSP 7% 10% 9% 6%STCq.· · 8% - -­ 19% 8%

>ii' -BRTE 85% 98% - -­ 68% CHVI 22% 40% 45% 52%

Wildlife Report Standard 3 is being met for animal populations.

This area supports healthy diverse wildlife populations that are appropriate for the type of habitats available within this allotment. Wildlife populations within non-native seedings and heavily infested cheatgrass areas are not as diverse as they could be if they were in a late seral stage community or better ecological condition. They do, however, still have adequate levels of species diversity to remain functional. This standard is currently being met from the aspect of wildlife populations and diversity.

Botantist Report The western part of this allotment consists of the desert scrub plant community and low sand dunes from the lakebed of Summer Lake. The eastern part is in good condition, except for a few isolated acres of heavy cheat grass infestation around water holes. Water hole developments and fence changes in the past 5 years have improved water use impacts and lessened over use of some areas.

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• Weeds Report

Noxious weeds are known to occur in the allotment. Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) and Mediterranean sage (Salvia aethiopsis) are sparsely scattered over a large area in the eastern half of the allotment. Both species have been under treatment for several years. The known infested areas will continue to be treated primarily by manual methods, in accordance with the Resource Area Integrated Weed Management Program EA #OR-OIO-2004-03. Annual inventories in this area for noxious weeds will continue.

Standard 4 - Water Quality

Surface water and groundwater quality, influenced by agency actions, complies with State water quality standards.

Meets Standard

There is no perennial water in the allotment.

Standard 5 - Native, T&E, and Locally Important Species

Habitats support healthy, productive, and diverse populations and communities of native plants and animals (including special status species and species of local importance) appropriate to soil, climate, and Jandform.

Wildlife Report Standard 5 is being met for native, T&E and Jocally important wildlife species in the #426 Five Mile Butte AJJotment.

Special status wildlife species or their habitats that are present within these allotments include the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), burrowing owl (Speotyto cunicularia), western snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), and pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis). There are also three species with high public interest. These are mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana).

There is no nesting habitat and only marginal foraging habitat within this allotment for bald eagle or peregrine falcon. There are no bald eagle or peregrine falcon sightings within the vicinity of the allotment; however it is suspected that they are occasional visitors to the area. There is some marginal nesting habitat available for ferruginous hawks on some of the higher cliff faces. No surveys have been conducted for ferruginous hawk and no incidental sightings of ferruginous hawk exist within the vicinity of this allotment. Ferruginous hawk foraging habitat exists through much of the allotment. There are no known resource conflicts for peregrine falcons, ferruginous hawks or bald eagles.

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• Burrowing owls have not been observed within this allotment. Inventories for burrowing owls were conducted in nearby allotments in 2000 and only occasional sighting were documented. There are no known resource conflicts for this species.

Western snowy plover could occur in this allotment. They are most closely associated with the playa lakebed and lake edge surrounding Summer Lake. Nesting occurs on open playas. There are no known resource conflicts in this allotment for this species.

Habitat is present for pygmy rabbits, but no known locations exist within the allotment for them. No inventories have been conducted for pygmy rabbits within the allotment and there are no sightings within the surrounding area. It is suspected that they may occur within portions of the allotment. There are no known resource conflicts for these species.

Bighorn sheep inhabit the eastern part of the allotment. There is little overlap in range between bighorns and cattle within the allotment. Bighorn sheep primarily graze on the steep slopes and rim's that are typically unused by livestock . No major conflicts exist between bighorn sheep and cattle grazing within these allotments.

• Pronghorn antelope are common within portions of the allotment and surrounding areas. Pronghorn use is concentrated in portions of this allotment where sagebrush is less dense and around crested wheatgrass seedings. No major conflicts exist between pronghorn and cattle grazing within this area.

Mule deer inhabit much of the area, but are widely spread and in low numbers. No high concentrations of wintering mule deer inhabit this allotment. No conflicts exist between mule deer and cattle grazing within this allotment. Bitterbrush is sparse but there is sagebrush browse available within the allotment.

There are no known sage-grouse lek sites within the allotment. There are however several known historic leks and active leks within 10 miles of the allotment. Current sage-grouse habitats within these allotments contain no nesting habitats. Brood rearing habitats make up 4% and winter habitats 24%. The other 72% of the allotment contains areas that are considered non­suitable for sage-grouse. These areas are considered non-suitable because of the abundance of salt desert-shrub communities and lack of big sagebrush cover over much of the allotment. It is estimated that 20% of the area has the potential to be sage-grouse nesting habitat and 14% has the potential to be winter habitat. The remaining 66% has no potential to be sage-grouse habitat because of the lack of big sagebrush cover and understory grasses and forbs. In order to reach the potential sage-grouse habitats for this allotment, restoration work and time devoted to restore native understory grasses and to reduce cheat grass would have to occur. No major conflicts exist between cattle grazing and sage-grouse within this allotment at this time.

Big sagebrush habitats were assessed for sage-grouse and other sagebrush dependant species according to the methods described in Karl and Sadowski (2005). Class 1 is grassland; there is no big sagebrush canopy cover. Class 2 has a trace to 5 percent big sagebrush canopy cover.

• Class 3 has greater than 5 percent to 15 percent big sagebrush canopy cover. Class 4 has greater than 15 percent up to 25 percent big sagebrush canopy cover and class 5 has greater than 25

• percent big sagebrush canopy cover. These canopy classes were designed to complement existing rangeland ecology and provide a simple way to portray big sagebrush structural conditions important to wildlife.

Of the area in this allotment that has the potential to be big sagebrush habitat (classes 1-5); there is 72% that falls within classes 3-5. Classes 3-5 as described in Objective 1 described by Hagen (2005), determines that retaining 70% or more of habitat in sagebrush class 3, 4 or 5 with emphasis on classes 4 and 5 will benefit sage-grouse and other sagebrush associated species. The remaining 28% (classes 1 and 2) of this allotment is non-sagebrush, shrubland, and grassland that potentially can be rehabilitated or enhanced. Based on the 70/30 split outlined in the Oregon sage-grouse plan all objectives for this allotment to maintain and/or enhance current sage-grouse habitat are being met.

Overall, this standard is being met for wildlife species within this allotment. The abundance of cheatgrass and amount of salt desert-shrub communities appear to be the limiting factors for sage-grouse and most sagebrush dependant wildlife species. Efforts to improve this standard should focus on maintaining existing sagebrush habitats and restoration of understory grasses.

References Cited

Hagen, c.A. 2005. Greater sage-grouse conservation assessment and strategy for Oregon: a plan to maintain and enhance populations and habitat. Oregon Department ofFish and Wildlife, Salem, USA.

Karl, M. and J. Sadowski. 2005. Assessing big sagebrush at multiple spatial scales : An example in southeast Oregon. Technical Note 417. BLMlST/ST-05/001+4400. Bureau of Land Management, Denver, CO. 41 pp.

Botantist Report This area has been surveyed for Bureau special status plants and no plants were found. At this point in time, there are no known Bureau special status plants found within the allotment. Special Status Plants: None found, none suspected. Meets standard.

PJant species present: Grasses: Pseudoroegneria spicata (Agrophyron spicatum) Leymus cinereus (Elymus cinereus) Leymus triticoides (Elymus triticoides)

Ericameria nauseosa (Chyrsothamnus nauseoss)

Shrubs: Atriplex conferifolia

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• Artemisia tridentata (basin) Sarcobatus vermiculatus

Lucile A. Housley 16 November 2005

CURRENT MANAGEMENT AND RECENT MANAGEMENT CHANGES The current management is to graze the allotment using a rest rotation type system where the seeding pasture will be grazed one year and rested the next. The two native pastures will be grazed the year the seeding pasture is rested and rested the year the seeding pastures is grazed. The grazing season is mid March to June 1st and this allows for use on the crested wheatgrass seeding and the cheatgrass when both are green and most palatable. By being offby June it limits use on the native species and allows for regrowth during the summer and fall.

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• Team Members Title

Les Boothe Range Management Specialist Alan Munhall Fishery Biologist Vern Stofleth Wildlife Biologist Lucile Housley Botantist Bill Cannon Archaeo logist Todd Forbes Supervisory NRS Robert Hopper Supervisory RMS Erin McConnell Weed Management Specialist

Determination

(X) Existing grazing management practices or levels of grazing use on the Fivemile Butte Allotment promote achievement of significant progress towards the Oregon Standards for Rangeland Health and conform with the Guidelines for Livestock Grazing Management.

o Existing grazing management practices or levels of grazing use on the Fivemile Butte Allotment will require modification or change prior to the next grazing season to promote achievement of the Oregon Standards for Rangeland Health and conform with the Guidelines for Livestock Grazing Management.

\ ..... L c~ 7/~~(;Tom Rasmussen

Date Area Manager, Lakeview Resource Area

II'

Appendix C (continued) ECOLOGICAL CONDITION RATING WEST PASTURE TOTAL

Seral Stage Percent comparability to Potential Percent seral stage Natural Community

5% Early 0-25%

15% Mid 26-50%

Late 51-75% 29%

PNC 76-100% 21%

Rock outcrops, Playas and 30%

Unknown*

* The unknown acres are the inclusions within a vegetation community that include transition areas and plant communities too small to be mapped separately.

•

Appendix D. SSF EAST PASTURE TOTAL

Percent of Percent in each Soil Surface Factor Condition Class (SSF) Pasture Stable I Slight I Moderate I Critical I Severe

Vegetation I 84% Unknown or Rock 116% outcro

SSF SEEDING PASTURE TOTAL Percent of Percent in each Soil Surface Factor Condition Class (SSF) Pasture Stable I Slight I Moderate I Critical I Severe

Vegetation 181% Unknown or Rock 119% outcro

SSF WEST PASTURE TOTAL Percent of Percent in each Soil Surface Factor Condition Class (SSF) Pasture Stable I Slight I Moderate I Critical I Severe

Vegetation 171% 1% 17% 48% 32% o

Unknown, Playa or 129% Rock outcro

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