“Allah” they wanted was a place to call their own.
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Transcript of “Allah” they wanted was a place to call their own.
THINGS TO KNOW
Flight of Muhammad Quraysh tribe Abbasid Sunni and Shi’ite Mecca Ka’ba Quran Five Pillars Halal Hajj
THE ORIGINS OF ISLAM Perfect storm
socially and geographically
Pastoralists in the South were isolated
Nomads who protected the Sassanids
Surrounded by rivers and deserts
PRIOR TO MUHAMMAD
Completely isolated Completely isolated Completely isolated Completely isolated (Get the Point?!?!) Knew more about Africa & India than
the Arabian Peninsula
TRADE
Nomads were guides and protected caravans through this region
No use of chariots, all camel power Led to the creation of independent cities Spread of culture and
ideas (sound familiar?)
MUHAMMAD 570 CE-632 CE
Born in Mecca he was orphaned very early and illiterate
Worked primarily as a merchant and would often retreat to a cave for prayer
At 40, while praying the angel Gabriel came to him and asked him to read Illiterate he began reading the Quran
Began preaching the “One God” and “complete surrender” creating Islam Did not become a Jew or Christian as he
felt many were living an unfit and unglorified lifestyle
MUHAMMAD 570 CE-632 CE
Many moral and social declines in Arab society at this time and Islam created a unified Arabian empire
However, he caused disruption in the order of things and gained many enemies within Mecca
He and his followers had conflicts with various factions until he is forced to flee in 622 to Medina
After years of conflict he finally returned to Mecca with an army and retook the city solidifying it into a unified Muslim empire
AFTER MUHAMMAD By death most the Arabian Peninsula had
converted to Islam which unified the region, and he was seen by Muslims as God’s last prophet on Earth
Succession issues: After death followers were divided on whom should be next caliph Abu Bakr- (Sunni) His father-in-law and
advisor in Islam, followers believed a true follower of Muhammad and Islam should be Caliph. He would win majority vote
Ali Ibn Abi Talib- (Shi’ite) His cousin and daughter’s husband. This sect believed only blood family should receive position of Caliph
KA’BA Most sacred site of
Islam Built by Abraham and
his son Ishmael Muhammad changes
everything Changes from many
idols within to only Allah
Makes part of daily life of prayer and part of Hajj
Thought to be the first and oldest Mosque in Islamic history
RISE OF THE ABBASID
Overthrow of the last Umayyad in 750 Ruled until the Mongol takeover in 1258 Quickly befriended Ali’s family Capital city was Baghdad Often called the “golden age” due to
advances in literature and math
RISE OF THE ABBASID
Used mamluks, Turkish slaves, as a standing army
Effective but expensive Mamluks would overthrow caliphs and
put those in who favored them Buyid tribe princes took over. Heavy
influence over the caliph.
INDIA
Turks brought to India Located in the NW 3rd largest group after
Persians and Arabs Smashed Buddhist and Hindu temples Untouchables and lower castes liked Islam Rise of Sikhism, one god (Islam) with karma
and rebirth 20% Muslim
WEST AFRICA
As well as Ghana, Songhai and Malian Empires
Legitimacy with scribes and hajj participants
Timbuktu was the educational capital of Islam
Prominent with elite