Cell BiologyAll you ever wanted to know about cell biology and then

some!

1665 –Robert Hooke coins the term "cell" after first viewing cork cells under a microscope

Born: 1635 ADDied: 1703 AD, at 67 years of age.

1668 – Newton's telescope1682 – Halley's comet 1671 – 1st calculator machine1712 – Steam engine1776 – Declaration of Indepedence1793 – Whitney's cotton gin

1831 – Robert Brown finds the nucleus of plant cells

born Montrose, Scotland 21 December 1773 died at Soho Square, London, 10 June 1858

1836 – Morse telegraph1841 – first stapler1834 – Braille alphabet

1838 – Matthias Schleiden determines that all plant tissue is comprised of cells1839 – Theodor Schwann reveals that all animal tissue is made up of cells too

b. Hamburg (Germany), April 5, 1804, d. Frankfurt, June 23, 1881]

b. Neuss (Germany), December 7, 1810, d. Cologne, Germany, January 11, 1882

1846 – War with Mexico1849 – Safety pins1851 – Singer sewing machine1855 – first plastic

1858 – Rudolf Virchow finds that all cells arise from pre-existing cells

b. Schivelbein, Pomerania (Poland), October 13, 1821, d. Berlin, September 5, 1902

1861 – Civil War begins1864 – Red Cross begins by Barton1865 – antiseptic by Lister

1873 – Anton Schnieder witnesses and tells of cell reproduction - mitosis

1873 – first zipper1876 – Bell telephone/NBL begins1893 – first gas automobile1903 – Wright brother's flight1914-1918 – WWI1930 – first analog computer1937 – Golden Gate Bridge opens

1941 – George Beadle and Edward Tatumrealize genes control cells and direct protein production

1958 Nobel Prize winners!

1941-1945 – WWII1947 – Polaroid Camera1951 – flourinated water

1952 – Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey illustrate that DNA is inherited material from sex cells

Hershey won the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in discovering the properties of DNA. But Chase, who served as Hershey's lab assistant during his experiments and whose name appears on the paper, was snubbed.

1957 – USSR in space1965-75 – Vietnam Conflict1968 – first heart transplant1969- US man on the moon1977 – first Apple computer1981 – identified AIDS virus

1997 – Dolly the sheep is the first successfully cloned animal from a single cell

Dolly died 2-14-03 at age 6.

Robert Hooke (1665 cork tree bark) and Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673 pond scum = protists) viewed the first cells under microscopes but did not understand the dynamics of these “mini factories.”

Centuries later Theodor Schwann wrote parts one and two of the widely accepted cell theory.

A few decades later Rudolf Virchow made the addition of part three of the cell theory.

How the cell story begins:

1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.

2. The cell is the basic unit (smallest building block) of all living things.

3. All cells come from an existing cell.

Cell Theory

A relatively simple sketch of Redi's experiment

regarding spontaneous generation. Starting from the left, the first flask is capped, and no maggots grow

within it, then in the second flask flies are kept out, but the mesh allows maggots to grow within, and finally flies are allowed into the third flash where maggots

grow.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://micro.digitalproteus.com/pics/spontaneousgeneration.jpg&imgrefurl=http://micro.digitalproteus.com/history1.php&usg=__njcykTnwzVnsquTpXfHQOuK5qDA=&h=209&w=590&sz=12&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=u4oKA8Bt57iXXM:&tbnh=48&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dredi%2Band%2Bspontaneous%2Bgeneration%2Bimage%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-Address%26rlz%3D1I7TSHA%26sa%3DX

Life begins how? Spontaneous Generation

Definition: cell = smallest unit that can perform the processes of life.

Size: A type letter “i’s” dot holds up to 50+ human cells.

Cells range from the incredibly microscopic to nearly the size of a football – the ostrich egg is one of the largest single cells!

The surface area to volume ratio of a cell is critical to its survival.

Cell Facts

Surface area to volume ratio improtance

Cells are limited in how large they can be. This is because the surface area and volume ratio does not stay the same as their size increases. Because of this, it is harder for a large cell to pass materials in and out of the membrane, and to move materials through the cell.

http://www.biologyjunction.com/cell_size.htm

DATA TABLE: Cell Size Comparison

Cell Dimensions(cm)

Surface Area(cm2)

LXWX6

Volume(cm3)

LXWXH

RatioSurface area to Volume

R=SA/V

1 2 X 2 X 2

24X4X4

3 8X8X8

QUESTIONS: 1. Which model has the largest surface area?

2. Which model has the largest volume?

3. Which model has the largest ratio?

4. To maintain life, and carry-out cellular functions, materials must be able to move into and out of the cell. Also, material needs to be able to move within the cell. What might be the advantage of having a large surface area?

How many different kinds of cells are in existence?

Prokaryotes*Have NO nucleus*single-celled*no organelles

Eukaryotes*Have a nucleus*multicellular*organelles

Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Plants Animals

-no nucleus-no organelles-circular DNA strand-ribosomes-cell wall & cell membrane-world’s smallest cell

Same except live in more extreme environments and called extremophiles:1. Salt lovers2. Heat lovers3. Methane

makers

-many multicellular organisms-many are up to 10 times larger-have a nucleus & organelles

*-have a cell wall & chloroplasts

Same

*-have NO cell wall or chloroplasts

How are living things organized?

*Your average cell is smaller than the period ending this sentence.

10+ bacteria could fit on here!*Therefore cells must often combine to create a larger organism.*Bacteria, some fungi and protists have remained successful being microscopic and unicellular.

Advantage = hidden & less energy needed

Disadvantage = cell damage = death

How are living things organized? continued

*Being multicellular is beneficial though:

Benefits include:1. Larger size means an organism is higher up on

the food pyramid. Bigger animals are less likely to be prey, have more variety in diet, and ensure longevity.

2. Longer life span occur when an organism is made of more than one cell. Cells wear out and need to be replaced often. Unicellular organisms have short life spans when life revolves around one cell.

3. Specialization gives each cell type a particular job to focus on and thus helps make the whole organism more efficient.

Cells specialize first to perform a specific job and make tissues

Two or more tissue types unite to create an organ.

Several organs working to do a particular function are an organ system.

These systems cooperate and combine to create an organism.

Structure = means the shape, make-up and the look of something

Function = means the special job the part does

Structure vs. Function

Golden Gate Bridge over the San Francisco Bay

What are all the systems of the human body?

Digestive RespiratoryCirculatory SkeletalMuscular NervousReproductive ExcretoryEndocrine LymphaticIntegumentary