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SUDEYes. Yes. We We AARREE......| Courteously | Attentively | Respectably | Effectively || ourteously | ttentively | espectably | ffectively |C A R E Manual
Engineering
SUDE R
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified CompanyAn ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company
Introductory NotesWe have tried our level best to collect maximum Engineering
information required for the valve study selection along with
a list of approximately 500 fluids against which the resilient,
plastic and metallic materials used in our valves are rated.
These ratings, in many cases do not necessarily agree with
those found in other publications.
In the case or resilient materials, the ratings are mostly
based on percentage swell of the material but due
consideration is given to actual experience or test due to
temperature, abrasion resistance, permeability, loss of
resiliency or elasticity, etc of the specific compounds being
used.
This data is helpful in selecting resilient materials of valves
to handle a particular fluid. However the combination of
metallic or plastic materials used in a valve must be known.
The valve parts in contact with the media can be determined
by referring to the specific bulletin write up in the catalogue.
The data does not list available valves to handle each fluid
since we have so many different kinds. For special critical
application refer Sude.
Frequently the varied complicated and entirely predictable
mechanics of corrosion produce unexpected results. No list
of this type can be considered full proof for every field
condition.
Use it as a guide only we once again request to consult us
for valve selection for details refer General usages
information.
Managing Director
Index
He
ad
Offic
e, B
an
ga
lore
Valve Types and Features ... ... 01
Recommended Flow Characteristics
General Useage Information
Chemical Resistance Chart
Definition of Valve Sizing
Valve Sizing Procedure
Graphical Statement of Valve Coefficient [Cv]
Velocity Limitation & Its Calculation
Noise Prediction Methods and Counter measures
Conversion Charts
Virtual Pressure Conversion Chart
Physical Properties of Plastics
Physical Properties of Liquids
Physical Properties of Gases
Physical Properties of Water
Density of Fluids
General Properties of Elastomer
Critical Pressures and Temperatures
Saturated Steam Table
Schedule 80 Thermoplastic Pipe Standards
Area Conversions
Velocity Conversions
Force Conversions
Density Conversions
General Heat Conversons
Force & Velocity
Temperature Conversions
Capacity and Flow Rate
Length Conversions
Volume Conversions
Volumetric Rate of Flow Conversions
Class 125 Cast Iron and Class 150 Steel Raised Face Flanges 61
Class 250 Cast Iron and Class 300 Steel Raised Face Flanges 62
Class 400 Steel Raised Face Flanges
Pipe Flanges - Tables "D" and "E”
Pipe Flanges - Tables "F" and "H”
... ... 07
... ... 11
... ... 17
... ... 29
... ... 32
... ... 36
... ... 42
... ... 43
... ... 43
... ... 46
... ... 47
... ... 48
... ... 50
... ... 52
... ... 53
... ... 54
... ... 55
... ... 56
... ... 57
... ... 57
... ... 57
... ... 58
... ... 58
... ... 58
... ... 59
... ... 59
... ... 60
... ... 60
... ... 60
... ... 61
... ... 62
Class 600 Steel Raised Face Flanges ... ... 63
... ... 63
... ... 64
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The main valve types have many variations and may have different names depending upon manufacturer. Careful
selection and detailed specifications are required to insure that design and performance requirements are met.
The three basic functions of valves are: 1. to stop flow, 2. to keep a constant direction of flow, and 3. to regulate the flow
rate and pressure. To select the correct valve to fulfill these functions properly, an outline of the different types of valves
and their features is given below.
a) Gate Valve
lLike its name implies, the gate is lowered to cut off the path of flow.
lFor use as an on/off valve (not suitable as a control valve).
lLittle resistance to flow when fully open (allows smooth flow)
lLong stroke requires time to open and close; not suitable for quick operation
The gate valve is one of the most common valves used in liquid piping. This valve, as a rule, is an isolation valve used to
turn on and shut off the flow, isolating either a piece of equipment or a pipeline, as opposed to actually regulating flow.
The gate valve has a gate-like disc which operates at a right angle to the flow path. As such, it has a straight through port
that results in minimum Turbulence erosion and resistance to flow. However because the gate or the seating is
perpendicular to the flow, gate valves are impractical for throttling service and are not used for frequent operation
applications.
Repeated closure of a gate valve, or rather movement toward closure of a gate valve, results in high velocity flow. This
creates the threat of wire drawing and erosion of seating services. Many gate valves have wedge discs with matching
tapered seats. Therefore, the re-facing or repairing of the seating surfaces is not a simple operation. Gate valves should
not, therefore, be used frequently to avoid increased maintenance costs. In addition, a slightly open gate valve can cause
turbulent flow with vibrating and chattering of the disc.
A gate valve usually requires multiple turns of its operator in order to be opened fully. The volume of flow through the
valve is not in direct proportion the number of turns.
Figure-1 Gate valve flow configuration
Open
Closed
Valve Types and Features
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b) Ball Valve
Ball valves with standard materials are low cost, compact, lightweight, easy to install, and easy to operate refer Figure 2.
They offer full flow with minimum turbulence and can balance or throttle fluids. Typically, ball valves move from closed to
full open in a quarter of a turn of the shaft and are, therefore, referred to as quarter turn ball valves. Low torque
requirements can permit ball valves to be used in quick manual or automatic operation, and these valves have a long
reliable service life. Ball valves can be full ball or other configurations such as V-port.
Ball valves employ a complete sphere as the flow controlling member, refer Figure-2 . They are of rotary shaft design and
include a flow passage. There are many varieties of the full ball valves, and they can be trunion mounted with a single
piece ball and shaft to reduce torque requirements and lost motion.
One of the most popular flow controlling members of the throttling-type ball valves is a V-port ball valve. A V-port ball
valve utilizes a partial sphere that has a V- shaped notch in it. This notch permits a wide range of service and produces an
equal percentage flow characteristic. The straight-forward flow design produces very little pressure drop, and the valve is
suited to the control of erosive and viscous fluids or other services that have entrained solids or fibers. The V-port ball
remains in contact with the seal, which produces a shearing effect as the ball closes, thus minimizing clogging.
Figure-2 Ball valve flow configuration
lValve stopper is ball-shaped.
lFor use as an on/off valve (not suitable as a control valve).
lLittle resistance to flow when fully open (allows smooth flow).
lOptimal for automated operation with a 90 degrees operating angle.
lAdvanced technology is required to manufacture ball.
c) Butterfly Valve
Figure-3 Butterfly valve flow configuration
Open
Closed
Open
Closed
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lValve shaped like a butterfly.
lTight shut-off and can be used as a control valve.
lLittle resistance to flow (allows smooth flow).
lOptimal for automated operation with a low operating torque and 90 degrees operating angle.
lLightweight and compact.
Butterfly valves(refer figure-3) provide a high capacity with low pressure loss and are durable, efficient, and reliable. The
chief advantage of the butterfly valve is its seating surface. The reason for this advantage is that the disc impinges
against a resilient liner and provides bubble tightness with very low operating torque. Butterfly valves exhibit an
approximately equal percentage of flow characteristic and can be used for throttling service or for on/off control.
Typical butterfly bodies include a wafer design, a lug wafer design (a wafer with the addition of lugs around the bodies), and a
flanged design. In all designs, butterfly valves are typically made with standard raised face piping flanges. Butterfly valves are
available standard in sizes up to 72 inches for many different applications. The operators can be either pneumatic or electric.
Comparison of Cv value
(Butterfly valve =1)
Comparison of pressure loss
(Butterfly valve=1)
Inherent flow characteristicsC
v%
P=Constant
Valve opening %
20 40 60 80 10000
20
40
60
80
100
Qui
ck o
pen
Linear
Equal
%1
Butterfly valve
Globevalve
Ballvalve
Gatevalve
0.2
1.5
2
Butterfly valve
Globevalve
Ballvalve
Gatevalve
1
5
0.2
0.7
Figure-4 Comparison statement of Butterfly valves with other valves on characteristics and valve Cv.
In Butterfly valves the normal flow means turbulent flow: In this stage, valve flow rate increases in proportion to the square root
of the differential pressure.
Noise and oscillation may cause damage to the valve and downstream-side piping. This occurs when pressure on the valve
downstream side drops below the vapour pressure of the liquid. The fluid changes from liquid to gas, bringing rapid velocity
change and volume expansion. These two factors are the main causes of a flashing noise. Flashing noise is of lower level than
cavitations noise because gas acts as a cushion.
Attention must be paid to materials of the valve body (e.g., upgrading to stainless steel or Chromium molybdenum steel) or the
type of downstream-side piping.
The Butterfly valves produces higher Cv as compare to other types valves, refer Figure-4.
Cavitations flow has three stages corresponding to the increase in differential pressure.
A) Incipient cavitations stage
B) Critical cavitations stage
C) Full cavitations stage
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l
l
l
l
0
The globe-shaped body controls the fluid into a S-shaped flow.
Tight shut-off and can be used as a control valve.
Large resistance to flow (does not allow smooth flow).
Much power is required to open and close the valve (not suitable for large sizes).
Liquid flow does not pass straight through globe valves. Therefore it causes an increased resistance to flow and a
considerable pressure drop. Angle valves are similar to globe valves; however, the inlet and outlet ports are at 90 angles 0to one another, rather than at 180 angles. Because of this difference, the angle valves have slightly less resistance to flow
than globe valves.
There are a number of common globe valve seating types.
The seating of the plug in a globe valve is parallel to the line liquid flow. Because of this seating arrangement, globe valves are
very suitable for throttling flow with a minimal seat erosion or threat of wire drawing.
A globe valve opens in direct proportion to the number of turns of its actuator. This feature allows globe valves to closely
regulate flow, even with manual operators. For example, if it takes four turns to open a globe valve fully, then approximately
one turn of a hand wheel will release about 25% of the flow, two turns will release 50%, and three turns will release 75%. In
addition, the shorter travel saves time and work, as well as wear on valve parts.
Cavitations reduction treatment
The following are the main methods for reducing or preventing capitation damage to valves.
Install valves in series and control them. This method is for reducing the pressure load on each valve. In this case, space
valves out at least 4D (4 times the pipe diameter).
d) Plug Valves
Figure-5 Globe valve/Angle valve flow configuration
Open
Closed
Plug valves are another type of isolation valve designed for uses similar to those of
gate valves, where quick shutoff is required. They are not generally designed for flow
regulation. Plug valves are sometimes also called cock valves. They are typically a
quarter turn open and close. Plug valves have the capability of having multiple outlet
ports. This is advantageous in that it can simplify piping. Plug valves are available
with inlet and outlet ports with four-way multi-port valves which can be used in place of
two, three or four straight valves.
e) Globe Valve / Angle valves
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f) Control Valves
Control valves are sized and selected to optimize application. Valves that are sized too small will not
pass the required flow. Control valves that are sized too large or are arbitrarily sized to match the
connecting pipe, will result in increased capital costs, decreased valve life (due to the closed position),
and decreased performance (by limiting range ability). Control valves are optimally then calculating an
expected flow coefficient and the maximum allowable pressure drop. These factors are then compared
to manufacturers data for specific valve types and sizes.
To select a control valve, the process application must be understood. Minimum information
considered includes desired flow characteristics; type, temperature, viscosity, and specific gravity of
the liquid; minimum and maximum flow capacity; minimum and maximum valve inlet pressure; and
minimum and maximum valve outlet pressure.
Maintenance is relatively easy with globe valves. The seats and discs are plugs, and most globe valves can be repaired
without actually removing the valve from the pipe.
General
For liquid piping systems, valves are the controlling element. Valves are used to isolate equipment and piping systems,
regulate flow, prevent backflow, and regulate and relieve pressure. The most suitable valve must be carefully selected for the
piping system. The minimum design or selection parameters for the valve most suitable for an application are the following:
size, material of construction, pressure and temperature ratings, and end connections. In addition, if the valve is to be used for
control purposes, additional parameters must be defined. These parameters include: method of operation, maximum and
minimum flow capacity requirement, pressure drop during normal flowing conditions, pressure drop at shutoff, and maximum
and minimum inlet pressure at the valve. These parameters are met by selecting body styles, material of construction, seats,
packing, end connections, operators and supports.
I) Body Styles
The control valve body type selection requires a combination of valve body style, material, and trim considerations to allow for
the best application for the intended service.
Valve body styles have different flow characteristics as they open from 0 to 100%. The flow rate through each type or body
style will vary according to different curves with constant pressure drops. This is referred to as the valve flow characteristics. A
quick opening flow characteristic produces a large flow rate change with minimal valve travel until the valve plug nears a wide
open position. At that point, the flow rate change is minimal with valve travel. A linear flow characteristic is one that has a flow
rate directly proportional to the flow rate just prior to the change in valve position. Equal increments of valve travel result in
equal percentage changes to the existing flow rate. That is, with a valve nearly closed (existing flow rate is small), a large valve
travel will result in a small flow rate change, and a large flow rate change will occur when the valve is almost completely open,
regardless of the amount of valve travel.
The purpose of characterizing control valves is to allow for relatively uniform control stability over the expected operating range
of the piping system. A design goal is to match a control valve flow characteristic to the specific system. Table-1 illustrates
some typical flow characteristic curves for control valves.
There are exceptions to these guidelines and a complete dynamic analysis is performed on the piping system to obtain a
definite characteristic. Quick opening valves are primarily used for open/close applications (or on/off service) but may also be
appropriate for applications requiring near linear flow. For processes that have highly varying pressure drop operating
conditions, an equal percentage valve may be appropriate.
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II
III
) Material of Construction
The selection of valve body material and trim material is typically based on pressure, temperature, corrosive and erosive
properties of the liquid. Table-2 provides basic information on typical cast able materials used for control valve bodies.
Certain service conditions require other alloys and metals to withstand corrosive and erosive properties of the liquid. The
materials that can be used for these situations are similar to the piping materials. The use of non-standard materials is
much more expensive than the use of standard valve body materials.
) Seats
Valve seats are an integral part of a valve. The materials for valve seats are specified under valve trim for each valve. As
such, valve seats are manufacturer specific and should not interchange. Seat material is selected for compatibility with
the fluid. Valve seats can be either metallic or non-metallic. Page no. 54 provides general information for elastomers used
in valve seats.
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percentage of Rated Travel
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
Ma
xim
um
Flo
w Qui
ck o
peni
ng
Qui
ck o
peni
ng
Linear
Linear
Equal
Per
cent
age
Equal
Per
cent
age
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Liquid Level Constant Pressure Linear
Liquid Level Decreasing pressure with increasing flow Linear
Liquid Level Decreasing pressure with increasing flow Equal Percentage
Liquid Level Increasing pressure with increasing flow Linear
Liquid Level Increasing pressure with increasing flow Quick Opening
Flow Measurement signal proportional to flow;
valve in series with measurement device;
wide range of flow required. Linear
Flow Measurement of signal proportional to flow;
valve in series with measurement device;
small range of flow required with large
pressure change for increasing flow. Equal Percentage
Flow Measurement signal proportional to flow;
valve in parallel (bypass) with measurement
device; wide range of flow required. Linear
Flow Measurement signal proportional to flow;
valve in parallel (bypass) with measurement device;
small range of flow required with large
pressure change for increasing flow Equal Percentage
Flow Measurement signal proportional to flow squared;
valve in series with measurement device;
wide range of flow required. Linear
Flow Measurement signal proportional to flow
squared; valve in series with measurement device;
small range of flow required with
large pressure change for increasing flow EqualPercentage
Flow Measurement signal proportional to flow squared;
valve in parallel (by pass) with
measurement device; wide range of flow
required. Equal Percentage
Flow Measurement signal proportional to flow squared;
valve in parallel (bypass) with
measurement device; small range of flow
required with large pressure change for
increased flow Equal Percentage
Pressure All Equal Percentage
Control Syetem Application Recommended Flow Characteristic
Table 1
Recommended Flow Characteristics
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Table 2
Carbon Steel ASTM A 216 Gr. WCB Moderate services such as non-corrosive l iquids.
Higher pressures and temperatures than cast iron.
Check codes for suitability at extended high temperatures.
Chrome-Moly Steel ASTM A 217, Gr. C5 Used for mildly corrosive fluids such as sea water, oils,
resistant to erosion and creep at high temperatures. Can be
used to 595 C (1,100 F).
Type 304 Stainless Steel ASTM A 351, Gr. CF8 Used for oxidizing or very corrosive fluids Can be used above
540 C (1,000 F).
Type 316 Stainless Steel ASTM A 351, Gr. CF8M Used for oxidizing or very corrosive fluids, resistant to
corrosion pitting and creep provides greater strength than 304
S.S.
Monel ASTM A 494Gr. M35-1 Resistant to non oxidizing acids. Used with seawater and other
mildly corrosive fluids at high temperatures. Expensive
material.
Hastelloy-C ASTM A 494 Gr. CW2N Used particularly with chlorine and chloride compounds.
Expensive material.
Iron ASTM A126 Class B Inexpensive and non-ductile, used for water and non-corrosive
liquids.
Bronze ASTM B 61 AND B 62 ASTM B 61 typically used for trim. ASTM B 62 typically used
for valve body. Can be used for water and dilute acid service
Cast Material Standard Comments
Table 4
IV) Packing
Most control valves use packing boxes with the packing retained and adjusted by flange and stud bolts. Several packing
materials are available for use, depending upon the application. Table 6 provides information on some of the more typical
packing arrangements
In addition, the amount of valve leakage is determined based on acceptability to process and design requirements.
Control valve seats are classified in accordance with ANSI for leakage. These clasifications are summarized in Table 4
and Table 5.
Standard Control Valve Body Materials
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
—
0.5% of rated capacity
0.1% of rated capacity
0.01% of rated capacity
5 x 10-12 m3/s of water per
mm of seat diameter per bar
differential
Not to exceed amounts shown
in Table 5 based on seat
diameter)
Leakage ClassDesignation
Maximum Allowable Leakage
Valve Seat Leakage Classifications
Table 5
25 (1)
38 (1½)
51 (2)
64 (2½)
76 (3)
102 (4)
152 (6)
203 (8)
0.15
0.30
0.45
0.60
0.90
1.70
4.00
6.75
Nominal PortDiametermm (in)
Allowable LeakageRate
(ml per minute)
Class VI Allowable Leakage
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V) End Connections
The common end connections for installing valves in pipe include screwed pipe threads, bolted gasket flanges, welded
connections, and flangeless (or wafer) valve bodies. Screwed end connections are typically used with small valves. Threads are normally specified as tapered female National
Pipe Thread (NPT) and BSP connection are available in standard. This end connection is limited to valves 50 mm (2 in) and
smaller and is not recommended for elevated temperature service. This connection is also used in low maintenance or non-
critical applications.
Flanged end valves are easily removed from piping and, with proper flange specifications, are suitable for use through the
range of most control valve working pressures. Flanges are used on all valve sizes larger than 50 mm (2 in). The most
common types of flanged end connections are flat faced, raised faced, and the ring joint. Flat faced flanges are typically used
in low pressure, cast iron or brass valves and have the advantage of minimizing flange stresses. Raised faced flanges can be
used for high pressure and temperature applications and are normally standard on ANSI Class 250 cast iron and on all steel
and alloy steel bodies. The ring type joint flange is typically used at extremely high pressures of up to 103 MPa (15,000 psig)
but is generally not used at high temperatures. This type of flange is furnished only on steel and alloy valve bodies when
specified.
Welding ends on valves have the advantage of being leak tight at all pressures and temperatures; however, welding end valves
are very difficult to remove for maintenance and/or repairs. Welding ends are manufactured in two styles; socket and butt.
Flangeless valve bodies are also called wafer-style valve bodies. This body style is common to rotary shaft control valves such
as butterfly valves and ball valves.
Table 6 : Packing
PTFE Resistant to most chemicals. Requires extremely smooth stem finish to seal properly.
Will leak if stem or packing is damaged.
Laminated/Filament Graphite Impervious to most liquids and radiation. Can be used at hightemperatures, up to
650 C (1,200 F). Produces high stem friction.
Semi-Metallic Used for high pressures and temperatures, up to 480 C (900 F)
Fiberglass Good for general use. Used with process temperatures up to 288 C (550 F). Ferrite
steel stems require additive to inhibit pitting.
Kevlar and Graphite Good for general use. Used with process temperatures up to 288 C (550 F).
Corrosion inhibitor is included to avoid stem corrosion.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Type Application
Flangeless bodies are clamped between two pipeline flanges by long through-bolts. One of the advantages of a wafer-style
body is that it has a very short face-to-face body length.
vi) Operators
Valve operators, also called actuators, are available in manual, pneumatic, electric, and hydraulic styles.
Manual operators are used where automatic control is not required. These valves may still result in good throttling control, if
control is necessary. Gate, globe and stop check valves are often supplied with hand wheel operators. Ball and butterfly
valves are supplied with hand levers. Manual operators can be supplied with direct mount chain wheels or extensions to
actuate valves in hard-to reach locations. Manually operated valves are often used in a three-valve bypass loop around control
valves for manual control of the process during down time on the automatic system. Manual operators are much less
expensive than automatic operators.
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For sliding stem valves, that is, valves that are not rotary, the most common operator type is a pneumatic operator.
A pneumatic operator can be a spring and diaphragm type or a pneumatic piston. While these pneumatic operators are also
available for rotary shaft valves, electrical operators tend to be more common on the rotary valves.
Spring and diaphragm operators are pneumatically operated using low pressure air supplied from a controller position or other
source. Styles of these operators include direct acting, in which increasing air pressure pushes up the diaphragm and extends
the actuator stem; reverse acting, in which increasing air pressure pushes up the diaphragm and retracts the actuator stem;
and direct acting for rotary valves. Pneumatic operators are simple, dependable, and economical. Molded diaphragms can be
used to provide linear performance and increase travel. The sizes of the operators are dictated by the output thrust required
and available air pressure supply.
Pneumatic piston operators are operated using high pressure air. The air pressure can be up to 1.03 MPa (150 psig), often
eliminating the need for a pressure regulator that is required on a diaphragm actuator. The best design for piston actuators is
double acting. This allows for the maximum force in both directions on the piston. Piston actuators can be supplied with
accessories which will position the valve in the event of loss of air supply. These accessories include spring return, pneumatic
trip valves, and lock-up type systems. It is common to include manual operators along with pneumatic piston operators in a
design. These manual operators can then act as travel stops to limit either full opening or full closing of the valve.
Electric and electro-hydraulic operators are more expensive than pneumatic actuators; however, they offer advantages
When no existing air supply source is available, where low ambient temperatures could affect pneumatic supply or where very
large stem forces of shaft forces are required. Electrical operators only require electrical power to the motors and electrical
input signal from the controller in order to be positioned. Electrical operators are usually self- contained and operate within
either a weather-proof or an explosion-proof casing. An auxiliary positioner or booster is sometimes used on pneumatic
operating systems when it is necessary to split the controller output to more than one valve, to amplify the controller above the
standard range in order to provide increased actuator thrust, or to provide the best possible control with minimum overshoot
and fastest possible recovery following a disturbance or load change. Determination of whether to use a positioner or a
booster depends on the speed of the system response. If the system is relatively fast, such as is typical of pressure control and
most flow control loops, the proper choice is a booster. If the system is relatively slow, as is typical of liquid level, blending,
temperature and reactor control loads, the proper choice is a positioner.
Hydraulic snubbers dampen the instability of the valve plug in severe applications and are used on pneumatic piston and direct
acting diaphragm actuators.
Limit switches can be used to operate signal lights, solenoid valves, electric relays, or alarms. The limit switches are typically
provided with 1 to 6 individual switches and are operated by the movement of the valve stem. It is common for each switch to
be individually adjustable and used to indicate the full open or full closed position on a valve.
Electro-pneumatic positioners are used in electronic control loops to position pneumatically operated control valves. The
positioner or transducer receives a current input signal and then supplies a proportional pneumatic output signal to the
pneumatic actuator to position the valve.
vii) Supports
Specific pipe material design recommendations are followed when designing supports for valves. In general, one hanger or
other support should be specified for each side of a valve, that is, along the two pipe sections immediately adjacent to the valve.
The weight of the valve is included in the calculation of the maximum span of supports.
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General Usage Information
A. SYNTHETIC RUBBER MATERIALS:
Buna N:
Standard compound for service in petroleum, oils, air, water, mild acids, acetylene, kerosene's, lime solutions, liquefied
petroleum gases and turpentine's. Not recommended for high aromatic gasolines or acids.
Silicone:
Known as the only elastomer which under certain conditions can be utilized for both high and low temperature. This is its
principal usage. Also handles hydrogen peroxide and some acids. Not good for steam. Very good disc life. Fluoro-silicone
compounds noted to have better fuel resistance.
Neoprene:
Principally used in refrigeration systems [Freon 22] as an external seal. Neoprene is also utilized for oxygen service.
Suitable for alcohols, mild acids, water, air ammonia, argon gas, and other gases.
Urethane:
Used for water, air at normal ambient temperatures, alcohols, non-aromatic compounds, ether, edible fats and oils, and
hydraulic fluids. Its principal asset is high strength, excellent abrasion resistance. It is not recommended for Ketones, and
strong oxidizing agents.
Viton:
Suitable for temperatures some what above the Buna N range. Excellent resistance to many petroleum oils, gasoline, dry
cleaning fluids and jet fuels. Not good for Ketones, halogenated hydro carbons and Freon's.
Hypalon:
Used to handle strong oxidizing fluids, edible liquids, many chemicals etc. Not recommended for aromatic or chlorinated
hydro carbons.
Ethylene Propylene:
Suitable for temperatures somewhat above the Buna N range. Features similar to butyl [i.e. excellent for phosphate ester
type fluids and poor on petroleum base types] except ethylene have a somewhat higher temperature range than butyl. On
this basis, ethylene propylene has served to replace the formerly used butyl. Useful 'O' ring gaskets on steam valves due
to low compression set. Ethylene propylene is generally suitable for most photographic solutions as well as numerous
chemical solutions.
Table - 8 Common Globe Valve Seating
Plug Long taper with matching seat provides wide seating contact area. Excellent for severe throttling
applications. Resistant to leakage resulting from abrasion. With proper material selection, very
effective for resisting erosion.
Conventional Disc Narrow contact with seat. Good for normal service, but not for severe throttling applications.
Subject to erosion and wire drawing. Good seating contact if uniform deposits (such as from
coking actions) occur. Non-uniform deposits make tight closure difficult.
Composition Disc “Soft” discs provided in different material combinations depending upon liquid service. Good for
moderate pressure applications except for close throttling, which will rapidly erode the disc.
Needle Sharp pointed disc with matching seat provides fine control of liquid flow in small-diameter piping.
Stem threads are fine, so considerable stem movement is required to open or close.
Type Comments
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
B. PLASTICS:
Celcon, Derlin:
Acetyl resin type thermoplastics which are extremely rigid but not brittle. They provide good toughness, tensile strength,
stiffness and long fatigue life. They are odorless, tasteless, nontoxic, and resistant to most solvents. Celcon is noted to
have some what better heat stability than Derlin.
Lexan:
A polycarbonate type thermoplastic known for having high impact strength and good resistance to inorganic acids and
aliphatic hydrocarbons. Not suitable for use with air containing Phosphate esters [found in synthetic oils].
Nylon:
A polyamide resin known to be very durable and also resistant to many chemicals. Heat resistant type nylon is always
employed in valves.
Polysulfone:
Known as one of the most heat resistant of the thermoplastics. It has excellent chemical resistance when used for
inorganic acids, alkalis and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Teflon:
A fluro carbon resin known to be suitable for disc material where all other synthetic materials have failed. Teflon is not
easily fabricated and is known to have objectionable "cold flow" characteristic. Rulon is a form of Teflon having filters
which have been added for improved mechanical properties.
Polyvinyl chloride [PVC]:
Known for its chemical inertness but has somewhat less temperature resistance than most other plastics. PVC has
excellent resistance to strong alkalis, mineral acids, salts and many chemicals which are corrosive to conventional
materials.
Polypropylene:
A thermoplastic known to have excellent resistance to inorganic salts, mineral acids and gases. It offers good resistance to
photographic solutions and is one of the few plastics that have the ability to withstand steam sterilization.
Polyphenylene sulfide:0Has outstanding chemical resistance. It has no known solvents at temperatures below 400 F. It has low friction, good wear
resistance and high tensile strength.
NOTE:
Generally plastics utilized as pressure containing members are not suited for any significant temperature range such as
can be expected from metallic materials due to brittleness at low temperature and softening with subsequent strength loss
at high temperature. Specific temperature limits can be obtained from the individual bulletin section of the Sude catalog.
C. METALS:
Aluminum:
Shading coil material for special fluids or for making washers etc. die cast aluminum is generally used for bodies for low
pressure gas valves and can only be used with 'water free' installations. It can be noted that die cast aluminum has been
successfully utilized for oil and gasoline application.
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Brass:
Forging brass is used in our body forgings. Forging brass conforms to ASTM B 283 and has a composition of 59% copper, 2% lead and 39% zinc.
Copper:
Primarily used as shading coil.
Inconel:
Used for high temperature springs such as steam applications and special designs.
Iron:
Cast iron bodies.
Lead:
Gaskets sometimes lead clad copper gaskets.
Monel:
Core tube material to handle fluids corrosive to standard austenitic Stainless steel
49 Nickel Iron:0Core material for low temperature fluids [below minus 150 F used for long stroke solenoid.
Silver:
Shading coil material for stainless steel valves.
Austenitic [300 series Stainless steel]:
Bodies, springs, core tubes etc. This material is also known as an 18-8 alloy, i.e. 18% chromium, 8% nickel.
430F Magnetic stainless steel:
Core and plug nut materials, basic composition 18% chromium, and remainder iron.
D. TERMINOLOGY:
Concentration:
The data given in this guide is based mainly on concentrated fluids unless otherwise indicated. A diluted fluid or solution is
not necessarily less corrosive than a fluid of 100% concentration. It would be quite complicated to list all the variations
and, therefore, caution must be used and good judgment applied.
Temperature:
Generally as the temperature increases the corrosive action of the fluid usually increases. The guide is based on fluid 0 0temperature to a maximum of 200 F for metals and elastomers except for urethane which is limited to 140 F on gaseous
0media and 75 F on media containing water. Consult Sude for temperature ratings of plastic valves or a particular bulletin,
which may be limited to factors other than materials.
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Swell of Synthetics:
Basically, elastomers fail due to excessive swelling thereby contributing to reduced flows notably on short stroke valves.
Along with swelling some softening and loss of tensile properties also occur. In view of this, the elastomer rating in the
guide in most cases is based on a maximum volumetric swell of 5-8%. Elastomer stiffening can also occur if the media
extracts plastizers.
Heavy or Viscous Fluids:
Fluids such as syrups, glue, grease, etc., will generally require auxiliary operated or manually operated valves. Furthermore, in some cases, a frequent or daily flushing is required to keep the valves in operative condition. Most valves are limited to 300 SSU fluids except where indicated in the catalog. Applications past this range should be referred to Sude Sales as pressure ratings, operational speeds, etc. are somewhat affected depending on particular bulletin.
Organic Acids:
Basically are derived from living materials and always contain carbon and usually hydrogen along with other elements. Included in this group are the fatty acids, the name originating from the fact that several of them occur in large quantities in natural fats and oils. This group includes acidic, lactic, citric, etc.
Inorganic Acids:
Basically are derived from inanimate materials. They are also known as the mineral acids and include such common acids as
hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, carbonic, chromic, nitric, phosphoric, and sulfuric.
Alkaline Solutions:
Are strong bases (Alkalis) and commonly exist as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. Sodium
hydroxide is sometimes referred to as caustic soda.
Aliphatic Hydrocarbon:
Series of organic compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in an open chain. Some of the most common fluids in this
area are the Freon's, perchloro ethylene, and trichloroethylene.
Aromatic Hydrocarbon:
Hydrocarbons found in coal tar which are so designated because of their aromatic odor. Basically these include the well known
solvents benzene, toluene, and xylene.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons:
A hydrocarbon in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by chlorine. Example: Perchloroethylene.
Ketones:
A class of liquid organic compounds primarily used as solvents in paints, etc. Typical Ketones are acetone and Methyl Ethyl
Ketone (MEK).
Phosphate Esters:
Generally refers to a type of fire resistant synthetic hydraulic fluid or lubricant known by the trade name.
SUDE14 Engineering Manual SDTORK
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Oxidizing Fluid:
An oxidizing medium consists of a fluid which is oxygen containing and thus has the ability to provide and maintain a stable
protective oxide film on the surface of a metal.
pH Factor:
In its simplest definition, it is merely a means of designating the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a fluid. A neutral fluid would
have a pH of 7 which is typical of most drinking water. Any number below 7 is in the acid zone with its degree of acidity
increasing as the number decreases downward from 7. Likewise any number upward from 7 approaching 14 is a measurement
of the degree of alkalinity.
Degree of Water Purity:
Three types of impurities must be taken into account.
(1) Dissolved unionized matter which consists of organic substances and some gases.
(2) Particulate matter which includes colloids, bacteria and other suspended matter.
(3) Dissolved ionized matter which consists mainly of inorganic salts and acids and some gases.
Removal of (1) produces demineralized water. Removal of (1) and (2) produces distilled water, and removal of (3) produces
deionized water.
Distilled, demineralized, and deionized waters normally do not cause corrosion but must not be permitted to be contaminated
by metals and elastomers such as brass and Buna “N” which would affect their purity.
Demineralized Water:
Water which has impurities removed by means of ion-exchange. This is accomplished by a resin treatment process which
removes metallic impurities such as calcium, sodium magnesium copper, etc. i.e. the unionized matter. Remaining dissolved
solids are normally kept below 1000 PPM.
Distilled Water:
Approaches absolute purity and has a higher degree of purity than demineralized water as both unionized particulate
matter have been removed. Somewhat costly to produce as distillation requires and involves the use of considerable
quantities of heat as well as a large amount of process cooling water to condense the distilled water from steam.
De-ionized Water:
Water which is free of dissolved ionizable impurities only. Produced by various ion-exchange methods.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas:
Known as LPG. It is a compressed or liquefied gas obtained as a by-product in petroleum refining or natural gas
manufacture. It usually consists of a pure propane and butane mixture.
Natural Gas:
Mixture whose major constituent is methane. Also contains some ethane and small amounts of propane and butane.
SUDE 15Engineering ManualSDTORK
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E. CORROSION CAUSES AND MEANS OF CONTROL:
Corrosion is nature's way of reverting the fine metals to their natural state and thereby undo man's “meddling” with ores. It is
virtually impossible to completely eliminate corrosion, but understanding its nature can help to drastically reduce its effects.
Most corrosion takes place in the presence of moisture to some degree either through atmospheric contact or in handling
aqueous media.
TYPES:
Direct Chemical Attack Usually uniform and most commonly characterized by the ability of the corroding media to dissolve and
wash away the protective oxide film which most metals form when exposed to an oxidizing media.
Galvanic or Electrochemical Usually localized and is a more complicated form which can exist if two dissimilar metals are in
contact by means of an electrolyte (conductive solution) which normally is a liquid of some form.
Manufactured Gas:
Produced from coal, coke, or petroleum products and contains approximately 2/3 methane and 1/3 carbon monoxide.
Sour Gas:
Term applied to natural gas which is contaminated with a sulfur compound, usually hydrogen sulfide.
Sewage Gas:
Also known as digester or garbage gas and is a gaseous by-product from sewage treatments. Product of fermentation
consisting mainly of 2/3 methane and 1/3 carbon dioxide. Normally contains sufficient amounts of moist hydrogen sulfide
to cause corrosion problems.
Flue Gas:
Mixture of gases resulting from combustion and other reactions in a furnace passing off through a smoke flue. Contains
largely nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor and often sulfur dioxide.
SUDE16 Engineering Manual SDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
A - RECOMMENDED, C - CONDITIONAL, X - NOT RECOMMENDED,
TO USE THIS CHART AS GUIDE ONLY, CONSULT SUDE/SDTORK FOR VALVE MATERIAL SELECTION.
Acetic Acid
CH COOH2
Acetic Acid
CH COOH2
Acetic Acid
CH COOH2
Acetic Anhydride
(CH OCH )2 2
Acetone
CH COCH2 2
Aluminum Acetate
Al(C H O )2 2 2 2
Aluminum Chloride
Aqueous AlCl2
Aluminum Fluoride
Anhydrous AlF2
Aluminum Sulfate
(Alum) Al (SO )2 4 3
Ammonia Gas
(Dry) NH3
Ammonia Liquid
NH3
Ammonium Carbonate
(NH )HCO (NH )CO NH2 2 2 2 3
Ammonium Chloride
NH Cl4
Ammonium Hydroxide
NH OH2
Acetaldehyde
CH CHO2
CHEMICAL &
FORMULASC
ON
CE
NT
RA
TIO
N
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
EE
L
40
0 S
.S.
31
6.S
.S.
TIT
AN
IUM
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE GUIDE FOR THERMOPLASTIC VALVES, PIPE & FITTINGS0ELASTOMERS AND METALS MAX. TEMP. IN ( F)
Conc. X X100
AX
350
A
200
AX
70
AX X X A C A A
140
A
73
A
140
A
200
A
350
A
140
A
140
A
200
A
160
A
100
CX X A A A
73
A
73
A
175
A
350
A
140
A
140
A
200
A
160
A
70
CX X A A A
73
AX
120
A
150
A
350
A
140
A
70
A
200
A
160
A
XX X A A A
0.25
0.6 --
0.85
-- X -- --73
A
350
A
X -- 200
A
73
C
CX X X C C
X X X73
AX
350
A
70
AX
70
CX X A A A A A
160
A
175
A
170
A
275
A
350
A
200
A
70
CX X
70
C C A A
185
A
185
A
180
A
280
A
250
A
210
A
250
A
200
A
160
A
70
AX X X A A
73
A
185
A
180
A
280
A
250
A
210
A
250
A
200
A
160
A
180
A X C X
140
A
185
A
180
A
280
A
250
A
210
A
185
A
160
A
140
A
200
AX X X C A
1140
A
185
A
150
AX
400
A
140
AX
140
A
140
A
140
AX A A A A
1 X X73
AX
400
A
210
AX
70
A
70
A
70
CX A A A A
140
A
185
A
180
A
280
A
400
A
210
A
250
A
140
A
140
A
140
AX A C C C
140
A
185
A
180
A
280
A
400
A
210
A
250
A
200
A
160
A
180
AX X X C X
0.1 140
A
185
A
180
A
225
A
400
A
210
A
70
A
200
A
200
A
70
CX X C A A
Chemical Resistance Chart
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
CHEMICAL &
FORMULAS
CO
NC
EN
TR
AT
ION
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
EE
L
40
0 S
.S.
31
6.S
.S.
TIT
AN
IUM
X X C A A
X X C C A
X X C C A
Dilute X X X C A
X X X X X X X A A A
A C A A A
X X X X X X X A A A A A
X X X X X X X X C X
X X75
AX X X X X X
X X
X X X X X X
X X C A C
X X X X X X A A A A A
A C A A A
X X X A A A
C A A A A
X X X A A A
X A X A A A
-- X X X X A X A A A
X X X X X X A A A A A
73
A
73
A
73
A
73
A
73
A
185
A
185
A
125
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
140
A
180
A
280
A
400
A
250
A
300
A
200
A
160
A
180
A
140
A
150
A
200
A
140
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
180
A
280
A
400
A
210
A
200
A
140
A
160
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
350
A
210
A
200
A
200
A
160
A
140
A
100
%
100
A
70
C
70
A
70
C
100%140
A
140
A
180
A
280
A
400
A
210
A
140
C
100%280
A
400
A
200
A
100%180
A
120
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
200
A
140
A
200
A
140
A
180
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
80%140
A
160
A
280
A
400
A
250
A
200
A
200
A
180
A
160
A
250
A
350
A
180
A
70
C
140
A
160
A
150
A
280
A
400
A
250
A
300
A
200
A
160
A
180
A
140
A
160
A
150
A
280
A
400
A
250
A
300
A
140
A
180
A
140
A
150
A
280
A
400
A
250
A
300
A
200
A
160
A
100
A
140
A
160
A
150
A
280
A
400
A
140
A
300
A
200
A
160
A
140
A
160
A
180
A
200
A
300
A
200
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
0.10%140
A
70
A
140
A
170
A
250
A
Ammonium Nitrate
NH4NO3
Ammonium Persulphate
(NH4)2S2O2
Ammonium Sulphate
(NH4)2SO4
Ammonium Sulfide
(NH4)2S
Amyl Acetate
CH 2COOC2H11
Amyl Alcohol C5H11OH
n-Amyl Chloride
CH2(CH2)2CH2Cl
Aniline
C4H6NH2
Aniline Hydrochloride
C4H2NH2HCl
Anthraquinone
C4H6(CO) 2C4H6
Antimony Trichloride SbCl2
Arsenic Acid
H2ASO4½H2O
Asphalt
Barium Carbonate
BaCO3
Barium Hydroxide
Ba(OH)2
Barium Sulphate
BaSO4
Barium Sulphide
BaS
Beer
Benzaldehyde
C6H2CHO
Benzene
C6H8
A - RECOMMENDED, C - CONDITIONAL, X - NOT RECOMMENDED
Chemical Resistance Chart
SUDE18 Engineering Manual SDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
A - RECOMMENDED, C - CONDITIONAL, X - NOT RECOMMENDED
Chemical Resistance Chart
SUDE 19Engineering ManualSDTORK
CHEMICAL &
FORMULAS
CO
NC
EN
TR
AT
ION
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
EE
L
40
0 S
.S.
31
6.S
.S.
TIT
AN
IUM
X X A X A A A
225
A
225
AX X X X C A C
A C A A A
C C C A C
X X C A C
X X X X X X X X X
X A A A A A
225
AX X A A A
A A X
A
X X A X
X X X C A A
X C C C C
X X C A
X X A A A
X X A A A
X X X A A A
A A A A A
Wet A A A A A
X X X75
AX X X A A A C
Gas275
AA X A A A
X X A A A
73
A
73
A
185
A
175
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
250
A
140
A
140
A
140
C
140
A
140
A
200
A
180
A
140
A
160
A
180
A
280
A
210
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
280
A
300
A
210
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
180
C
180
A
280
A
400
A
250
A
300
A
180
A
160
A
180
A
70
A
150
A
50% 140
A
250
A
350
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
120
A
120
A
180
A
300
A
200
A
200
A
140
C
140
A
100
A
140
A
280
A
200
A
100
100
A
160
A
200
A
240
A
300
A
180
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
160
A
180
A
260
A
300
A
180
A
300
A
70
A
70
A
100
A
140
A
160
A
180
A
260
A
300
A
140
A
180
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
260
A
220
A
200
A
250
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
160
A
240
A
200
A
200
A
200
A
200
A
160
A
180
A
300
A
200
A
250
A
70
A
100
C
Dry
100%
140
A
150
A
280
A
360
A
250
A
200
A
200
A
160
A
180
A
140
A
150
A
280
A
360
A
250
A
300
A
200
A
160
A
180
A
200
A
70
A
70
C
70
C
140
A
140
A
360
A
240
A
240
A
140
C
140
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
280
A
340
A
200
A
200
A
180
A
Benzyl Alcohol
C6H5CH2OH
Black Liquor
Borax
NA2B4O310H2O
Boric Acid
H2BO3
Brine
Bromine Water
Butane
C4H12
Butyl Alcohol
CH3(CH2)2CH2OH
Calcium Bisulfide
Ca(HS)26H2O
Calcium Bisulfite
Ca(HSO2)2
Calcium Carbonate
CaCO3
Calcium Chlorate
Ca(ClO3)22H2O
Calcium Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
Calcium Sulfate
CaSO2
Camphor
C15H16O
Carbon Dioxide
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
CO3
Carbon Disulfide
CS2
Carbon Monoxide
CO
Carbonic Acid
H2CO3
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
CHEMICAL &
FORMULAS
CO
NC
EN
TR
AT
ION
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
EE
L
40
0 S
.S.
31
6.S
.S.
TIT
AN
IUM
225
AX X A A A
X X X X X X X A
X X X X X
X X X X X X A C A X X
Wet
5%X X X X X X X X X X X X
Liquid X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X A X X
Dry X X X X X X X A X A A A
X X X X X X X C X
X X X A A
X X X A X
2% X X X X A A
X X X X C C
X X A A A
X X X X X X X C A A A
X X X A A A
X X X X A
X A A A A A
X A X X A A
73
A
73
A
73
A
73
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
125
A
125
A
212
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
0.5 140
A
140
A
280
A
340
A
200
A
160
A
180
A
Up
to
40%
140
A
200
A
140
A
340
A
180
A
140
A
160
A
10 140
C
140
A
140
A
140 180
A
140
A
Dry
100%
220
A
360
A
200
A
360
A
200
A
300
A
70
C
140
A
220
A
300
A
70
C
200
A
70
C
50% 200
A
180
A
140
A
100
A
120
A
120
A
120
A
200
A
200
A
200
A
200
A
120
A
120
A
160
A
140
A
140
A
280
A
350
A
200
A
200
A
200
A
160
A
160
A
100
A
120
A
120
A
220
A
200
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
30% 140
A
140
A
140
A
240
A
240
A
200
A
200
A
200
A
160
A
140
A
160
A
280
A
220
A
180
A
200
A
180
A
160
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
250
A
200
A
160
A
200
A
250
A
350
A
140
A
260
A
360
A
200
A
70
A
140
A
160
A
160
A
250
A
300
A
180
A
220
A
70
A
70
A
180
A
140
A
150
A
250
A
300
A
200
A
160
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
250
A
200
A
200
A
180
A
Caustic Potash
KOH
Caustic soda
NaOH
Choleric Acid
HCIO3*7H2O
Chlorine Gas
CI2
Chlorine Gas
CI2
Chlorine
Chlorinated water
Chloroform
CHCI3
Chromic acid
H2CrO4
Citric Acid
C6H6O7
Copper Chloride
CuCI2
Copper Fluoride
CuF2*2H2O
Copper nitrate
Cu(NO3)3*3H2O
Copper sulfate
CuSO4*5H2O
Corn syrup
Creosote
Crude Oil
Cuprous Chloride
CuCI
Detergents
(Heavy Duty)
Dextrin
(Starch Gurn)
A - RECOMMENDED, C - CONDITIONAL, X - NOT RECOMMENDED
Chemical Resistance Chart
SUDE20 Engineering Manual SDTORK
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
SUDE 21Engineering ManualSDTORK
CHEMICAL &
FORMULAS
CO
NC
EN
TR
AT
ION
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
EE
L
40
0 S
.S.
31
6.S
.S.
TIT
AN
IUM
A X X A A
Pure X X X X A
X X X X A A A A A
A
X X X X X X X X X A A A
A A A A
Dry X X X A A A A
Dry X x X X X X A A
A A A A A
X X X X X A
X X X X X
X X X X X
A A A
X A A A
X X X A A A A
X X X A A A
75
AX A A A
X X X A A A A A
X A A A A A
A A A A A
73
A
73
A
73
A
73
A
175
A
185
A
175
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
200
A
350
A
140
A
200
A
140
A
160
A
180
A
150
A
150
A
100
C
70
C
120
A
250
A
320
A
160
A
140
A
140
A
240
A
360
A
200
A
70
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
280
A
210
A
210
A
180
A
180
A
250
A
340
A
70
C
70
C
250
A
340
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
160
A
120
A
280
A
200
A
250
A
100
A
150
A
180
A
140
A
80
C
260
A
360
A
140
A
100
C
140
A
180
A
280
A
350
A
200
A
200
A
180
A
160
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
280
A
350
A
200
A
200
A
180
A
120
A
160
A
140
A
280
A
360
A
180
A
200
A
160
A
160
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
260
A
360
A
180
A
180
A
160
A
160
A
140
A
200
A
300
A
70
A
70
A
120
A
240
A
300
A
180
A
70
A
120
A
140
A
280
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
280
A
200
A
100
A
70
A
140
A
180
A
280
A
360
A
200
A
300
A
200
A
160
A
140
A
280
A
300
A
180
A
250
A
180
A
160
A
140
A
Dextriose
Dichlorobenzene
C6H4CI2
Diesel Fuels
Disodium Phosphate
Na2 HPO4
Ether ROR
Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)
C2H2CI
Ethyl Chloride
C2H2CI
Ethylene Chloride
CICH2CH2OH
Ethylene Glycol
CH2OHCH2OH
Fatty Acids
R-COOH
Ferric Chloride (Aqueous)
FeCI2
Ferrous Chloride
FeCI2
Ferrous Nitrate
Fe(NO3)2
Ferrous Sulfate
FeSO4
Fish oil
Formic acid
HCOOH
Gallic Acid
C6H7(OH)2CO2H*H2O
Gasoline, Unleaded
Glycerin
C2H2(OH)3
Glycol
OHCH2CH2OH
A - RECOMMENDED, C - CONDITIONAL, X - NOT RECOMMENDED
Chemical Resistance Chart
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
CHEMICAL &
FORMULAS
CO
NC
EN
TR
AT
ION
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
EE
L
40
0 S
.S.
31
6.S
.S.
TIT
AN
IUM
X X X X A
X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X
X X X A X
Dilute X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
Gas A A A A A
X X X A A A
X X X A A
Wet X X X X A A
X X A A A
X X X X X X X X X X X
73
A
35%
73
A
73
A
73
A
73
A
73
AX X X A A A A A
X X A A A
A A A A
X X
A A A A A
X X X A A A
X X X X X
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
140
A
140
A
200
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
200
A
240
A
180
A
20% 100
A
100
A
120
A
280
A
260
A
120
A
100
A
70
C
140
A
200
A
150
A
260
A
240
A
10% 140
A
140
A
260
A
240
A
180
A
70
A
70
A
160
A
240
A
260
A
200
A
150
A
70
A
50% 180
A
260
A
150
A
120
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
300
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
160
A
180
A
50% 140
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
300
A
100
A
70
A
70
C
Dry
100%
140
A
160
A
260
A
240
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
220
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
260
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
150
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
260
A
250
A
260
A
120
A
100
A
180
A
260
A
300
A
200
A
100
C
160
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
250
A
300
A
160
A
200
A
180
A
140
A
150
A
280
A
300
A
220
A
70
A
160
A
50% 140
A
240
A
280
A
200
A
120
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
240
A
220
A
220
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
260
A
360
A
220
A
200
A
180
A
150
A
180
A
Glycolic Acid
OHCH2COOH
Grape Sugar
Hydrobromic Acid HBr
Hydrochloric Acid HCI
Hydrocyanic Acid HCN
Hydrofluoric Acid HF
Hydrofluoric Acid HF
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Peroxide
H2O2
Hydrogen Sulfide
H2S
Hydrogen Sulfide
H2S
Inks
Iodine
I2
Kerosene
Lead Acetate
Pb(C2H2O2)23H2O
Lead Nitrate
Pb(NO3)2
Linseed Oil
Lithium Bromide
LiBr
Magnesium Carbonate
MgCO2
Magnesium Chloride
MgCl2
A - RECOMMENDED, C - CONDITIONAL, X - NOT RECOMMENDED
Chemical Resistance Chart
SUDE22 Engineering Manual SDTORK
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
A - RECOMMENDED, C - CONDITIONAL, X - NOT RECOMMENDED
Chemical Resistance Chart
SUDE 23Engineering ManualSDTORK
CHEMICAL &
FORMULAS
CO
NC
EN
TR
AT
ION
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
EE
L
40
0 S
.S.
31
6.S
.S.
TIT
AN
IUM
225
AX A A A
225
AA A A A A
X X X X X
X X X A A
X A A A A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
140
A
180
A
280
A
300
A
140
A
160
A
70
A
140
A
180
A
280
A
300
A
160
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
250
A
300
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
160
A
250
A
300
A
180
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
180
A
160
A
260
A
300
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
Magnesium Nitrate
Mg(NO3)22H2O
Magnesium Sulfate
MgSO47H2O
Mercuric Chloride
HgCl2
Mercuric Cyanide
Hg(CN)6
Mercury Hg
XA
AA A A A
X X X A A A A A
X X X A A A A A
X A A X
X C C
X X X X X A A
X X X X X X A A
X X X X X X X X X X X A A
X A A A A A
X X85
AX X X A X
A A A A A
X X X X X A A A A A
85%X X X X X A A
X X X A A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
185
A
120
A
160
A
120
A
260
A
300
A
260
A
70
C
70
A
140
140
A
150
A
260
A
70
A
140
A
220
A
320
A
240
A
180
A
140
A
260
A
360
A
200
A
250
A
180
A
140
A
160
A
280
A
360
A
200
A
280
A
200
A
100
A
140
A
10% 140
A
160
A
200
A
250
A
70
A
100
A
50% 120
A
130
A
240
A
70
A
100% 70
A
70
A
260
A
360
A
70
A
70
C
70
C
140
A
160
A
240
A
250
A
70
C
100
A
120
A
160
A
140
A
240
A
360
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
70
C
240
A
300
A
200
A
140
A
120
A
160
A
240
A
300
A
70
A
200
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
150
A
220
A
260
A
100
A
100
A
73
A
73
A
73
A
73
A
73
A
X X225
A
140
A
360
A
240
A
280
A
180
A
160
A
180
AX X X A A
Milk
Mineral Oil
Molasses
Motor Oil
Nickel Nitrate
Ni(NO3)2 * 6H2O
Nickel Sulfate
NiSO3
Nitric Acid
HNO3
Nitric Acid
HNO3
Nitric Acid
HNO3
n-Octane
CH4HN
Oleic Acid
CH(CH2)2CHCH(CH2)2COOH
Oxygen (Gas)
O2
Ozone
O2
Phosphoric acid
H2PO4
Photographic Solutions
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
CHEMICAL &
FORMULAS
CO
NC
EN
TR
AT
ION
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
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L
40
0 S
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31
6.S
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IUM
X X X A A A
A A
A X
X X
A
X A A A A
X X C A A
X X X C A
X X A A A
X X A A A
25%X X A A A
X X A A A
X A A A A
X X X X X
X A A A A A
X X X X A A A A A
A A A A A
X X X X X X X A C A A
X X X X X X X X X X X
X A A A
185
A
185
A
140
A
185
A
70
C
70
A
140
A
180
A
200
A
300
A
70
A
70
A
100
A
140
A
180
A
200
A
300
A
200
A
200
A
100
A
140
A
210
A
180
A
200
A
300
A
160
A
290
A
210
A
180
A
200
A
300
A
70
A
70
A
160
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
200
A
360
A
120
A
140
A
140
A
100
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
250
A
360
A
200
A
200
A
180
A
160
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
220
A
360
A
70
A
220
A
70
A
70
A
160
A
140
A
160
A
140
A
260
A
360
A
140
A
180
A
140
A
160
A
140
A
160
A
260
A
360
A
200
A
220
A
160
A
140
A
180
A
150
A
140
A
360
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
70
C
140
A
260
A
360
A
200
A
240
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
240
A
200
A
200
A
240
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
260
A
280
A
100
A
70
A
100
A
140
A
260
A
280
A
70
A
70
C
70
A
70
A
100
A
140
A
70
C
150
A
320
A
140
A
250
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
150
A
70
A
70
C
200
A
100
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
73
A
73
A
Pine Oil
Plating Solutions
(Brass)
Plating Solutions
(Cadmium)
Plating Solutions
(Chrome)
Plating Solutions
(Copper)
Potassium Chlorate
KCIO2(Aqueous)
Potassium Chloride
KCI
Potassium Chromate
K2CrO4
Potassium Cyanide
KCN
Potassium Dichromate
K2Cr2O7
Potassium Hydroxide
KOH
Potassium Nitrate
KNO3
Potassium Sulfate
K2SO4
Potassium Sulfide
K2S
Propane
C3H2
Propyl Acetate
C3H2OOCCH8
Propyl Alcohol
CH3CH2CH2OH
Propylene Oxide
CH3(CHCH2)O
Pyridine
N(CH)4CH
Rosin
A - RECOMMENDED, C - CONDITIONAL, X - NOT RECOMMENDED
Chemical Resistance Chart
SUDE24 Engineering Manual SDTORK
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
SUDE 25Engineering ManualSDTORK
CHEMICAL &
FORMULAS
CO
NC
EN
TR
AT
ION
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
EE
L
40
0 S
.S.
31
6.S
.S.
TIT
AN
IUM
A X A A A
A A A A A
X X X
X X X A A
X X
X X A A A
X X X X X A A
A A
X X A A A
- - X X A A A
X X X X A A
X X A A
X X X A A
X X X X X A A
X A A A A
X X A A A A
X A X A A A
X X A A A
A A A A A
185
A
185
A
185
A
15%
140
A
160
A
160
A
240
A
300
A
150
A
180
A
120
A
120
A
110
A
140
A
160
A
160
A
240
A
360
A
140
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
100
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
240
A
340
A
140
A
140
A
70
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
280
A
340
A
140
A
140
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
280
A
340
A
200
A
250
A
200
A
160
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
140
A
250
A
340
A
200
A
240
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
140
A
240
A
360
A
200
A
250
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
280
A
400
A
210
A
70
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
240
A
300
A
200
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
260
A
360
A
210
A
280
A
200
A
160
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
240
A
360
A
140
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
140
A
240
A
240
A
200
A
240
A
100
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
240
A
360
A
200
A
250
A
200
A
140
A
180
A
200
A
240
A
280
A
140
A
180
A
70
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
280
A
300
A
210
A
250
A
70
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
280
A
360
A
140
A
300
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
160
A
240
A
300
A
140
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
200
A
180
A
260
A
300
A
140
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
100
A
140
A
140
A
240
A
320
A
140
A
180
A
70
A
140
A
160
A
160
A
100
A
360
A
200
A
100
C
140
A
140
A
140
A
Sewage
Silicic Acid
SiO2nH2O
Silicone Oil
Silver Cyanide
AgCN
Silver Nitrate
AgNO3
Silver Sulfate
Ag2SO4
Soaps
Sodium Acetate
NaC2H2O8
Sodium Benzoate
C3H2COONa
Sodium Bicarbonate
NaHCO2
Sodium Bichromate
Na2Cr2O22H2O
Sodium Bisulfate
NaHSO4
Sodium Bisulfite
NaHSO3
Sodium Borate (Borax)
Na2B2O210H2O
Sodium Bromide
NaBr
Sodium Carbonate
Na2CO3
Sodium Chlorate
NaClO3
Sodium Chloride
NaCl
Sodium Ferricyanide
Na3Fe(CN)62H2O
Sodium Hydroxide
NaOH
A - RECOMMENDED, C - CONDITIONAL, X - NOT RECOMMENDED
Chemical Resistance Chart
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
CHEMICAL &
FORMULAS
CO
NC
EN
TR
AT
ION
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
EE
L
40
0 S
.S.
31
6.S
.S.
TIT
AN
IUM
X X X X A A A
X X X X X X X X A A
X A A A A
X X X A A
X X X X A A A
A A A A A
X X X A A
X X A A A
X X X X X
X X A A A
X X A A A
X X X X X X X X A X
Wet X X X X X X A X
X X X X X X A A
X A
X X X X X
95%X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X A A
185
A
185
A
50% 140
A
140
A
140
A
320
A
160
A
100
A
100
A
180
A
100
A
100
A
120
A
140
A
320
A
140
A
180
A
240
A
360
A
200
A
220
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
120
A
140
A
160
A
240
A
360
A
200
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
120
A
140
A
140
A
240
A
300
A
120
A
140
A
140
A
230
A
230
A
120
A
160
A
70
A
140
A
160
A
280
A
360
A
140
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
260
A
320
A
140
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
120
A
140
A
140
A
240
A
360
A
140
A
160
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
140
A
260
A
320
A
100
A
200
A
70
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
160
A
160
A
220
A
300
A
180
A
200
A
180
A
160
A
160
A
250
A
320
A
140
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
100
A
120
A
140
A
240
A
320
A
120
A
100
A
140
A
140
A
200
A
240
A
140
A
140
A
Up
to
30%
140
A
180
A
180
A
240
A
240
A
140
A
210
A
50% 140
A
180
A
160
A
240
A
240
A
140
A
210
A
70
A
140
A
70% 140
A
160
A
140
A
200
A
200
A
120
A
180
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
100
C
100
A
100% 100
C
120
A
120
A
140
A
220
A
320
A
140
A
120
A
100
A
70
C
73
A
Sodium Hydroxide
NaOH
Sodium Hypochlorite
NaOCl5H2O
Sodium Nitrate
NaNO3
Sodium Nitrite
NaNO3
Sodium Perchlorate
NaClO4
Sodium Peroxide
Na2O4
Sodium Sulfate
Na2SO4
Sodium Sulfite
Na2SO3
Soybean Oil
Stannic Chloride
SnCl4
Starch
Sugar
C 6H12O6
Sulfur
S
Sulfur Dioxide
SO2
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO5
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO6
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO7
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO7
Sulfurous Acid
H2SO3
A - RECOMMENDED, C - CONDITIONAL, X - NOT RECOMMENDED
Chemical Resistance Chart
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
CHEMICAL &
FORMULAS
CO
NC
EN
TR
AT
ION
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
EE
L
40
0 S
.S.
31
6.S
.S.
TIT
AN
IUM
X X C A A
X X X X X X X A A
X X X X A A A A A
X X X A A A
Pure X X X X X X X X X X C C
X X X X X X A A A A A
X X X X X A A A
X X X X X X X X X A A A
X X X X A A A
X X X A A A A A
X X A
X X A A A
X X X X X X C X C A A
X A A A A
X X X X A A A
X X A A A
X X C A A
X X A A A
A C A A A
X X C A A
185
A
185
A
120
A
140
A
180
A
240
A
240
A
100
A
100
A
100
A
100
A
100
A
100
A
140
A
140
A
100
A
100
A
100
A
220
A
220
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
120
A
120
A
120
A
220
A
220
A
180
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
240
A
320
A
100
A
120
A
160
A
100
C
100
A
140
A
160
A
220
A
320
A
200
A
200
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
140
A
160
A
160
A
240
A
320
A
70
A
160
A
70
A
100
A
250
A
220
A
100
A
70
A
70
A
30% 140
A
180
A
180
A
240
A
240
A
200
A
120
A
100
A
100
A
100
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
180
A
320
A
200
A
120
A
140
A
140
A
120
A
240
A
320
A
70
A
70
A
100
A
100
A
240
A
260
A
160
A
70
A
70
A
70
A
160
A
160
A
140
A
200
A
260
A
180
A
160
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
140
A
220
A
360
A
200
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
260
A
360
A
250
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
260
A
360
A
180
A
200
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
260
A
360
A
180
A
300
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
180
A
240
A
300
A
220
A
240
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
73
A
73
A
Tannic Acid
C76H32O46
Tanning Liquors
Tar
Tartaric Acid
HOOC(CHOH)2COOH
Tetraethyl Lead
(C2H8)6
Toluene (Toluol)
Ch2C6H8
Tomato Juice
Triethanolamine
(HOCH2CH2)3N
Trisodium Phosphate
NaPO412H2O
Turpentine
Urea
CO(NH3)2
Urine
Varnish
Vegitable Oil
Vinegar
Water. Acid Mine
H2O
Water Deionized
H2O
Water, Distilled
H2O
Water, Potable
H2O
Water, Salt
H2O
SUDE 27Engineering ManualSDTORK
A - RECOMMENDED, C - CONDITIONAL, X - NOT RECOMMENDED
Chemical Resistance Chart
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SUDE
Chemical Resistance Chart
SUDE28 Engineering Manual SDTORK
SUDESUDE
Zinc Chloride
ZnCl2X X X C A
140
A
160
A
160
A
240
A
360
A
160
A
200
A
140
A
160
A
70
A
CHEMICAL &
FORMULAS
CO
NC
ENTR
ATIO
N
PV
C
CP
VC
PP
PV
DF
TF
E
EP
DM
VIT
ON
HY
PA
LO
N
NE
OP
RE
NE
BU
NA
BR
AS
S
CA
RB
.ST
EE
L
40
0 S
.S.
31
6.S
.S.
TIT
AN
IUM
Water, Sea
H2OX X C A A
140
A
180
A
180
A
260
A
360
A
220
A
240
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
Water, Soft
H2OX X A A A
140
A
180
A
180
A
260
A
360
A
220
A
240
A
180
A
140
A
180
A
Water, Waste
H2OX X A A A
185
A
140
A
180
A
230
A
360
A
200
A
200
A
WhiskeyX X X A
140
A
180
A
160
A
200
A
340
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
WineX X X A
120
A
140
A
140
A
240
A
320
A
170
A
120
A
120
A
70
A
Zinc Acetate
Zn(C2H2O2)22H2OX X X C A A
140
A
160
A
160
A
240
A
280
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
70
A
Zinc Nitrate
Zn(NO3)26H2OX X A A A
140
A
160
A
160
A
240
A
240
A
160
A
200
A
180
A
140
A
Zinc Sulfate
ZnSO47H2OX X A A A
140
A
180
A
180
A
240
A
360
A
160
A
200
A
180
A
140
A
140
A
Ge
ne
ral A
rra
ge
me
nt
of
Ac
tua
tor
Co
mp
on
en
tsG
en
era
l A
rra
ge
me
nt
of
Ac
tua
tor
Co
mp
on
en
ts HandwheelHandwheel
Shaft ForkShaft ForkHand LeverHand Lever
DriveSleeveDriveSleeve
MotorMotor
Reduction GearReduction Gear
Moving wormMoving worm Travel LimitSwitchesTravel LimitSwitches
Flapper PinFlapper Pin
Worm WheelWorm Wheel
Torque SpringTorque Spring
Output ShaftOutput Shaft Connection forcounterConnection forcounter
SignallingdeviceSignallingdevice
Torque-dependentlimit switchTorque-dependentlimit switch
Electronic position transmitter
Electronic position transmitter
ManualManual
MotorMotor
variable resistorvariable resistor
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Scope
Valve size often is described by the nominal size of the end connections, but a more important measure is the flow that the valve
can provide and determining flow through a valve can be simple.
This technical bulletin shows how flow can be estimated well enough to select a valve size - easily, and without complicated
calculations. Included are the principles of flow calculations, some basic formulas, and the effects of specific gravity and
temperature. Also given are six simple graphs for estimating the flow of water or air through valves and other examples of Cv
calculation which shows how to use them.
Sizing Valves
The graphs cover most ordinary industrial applications - from the smallest metering valves to large ball valves, at system
pressures up to 1000 bar.
The water formulas and graphs apply to ordinary liquids - and not to liquids that are boiling or flashing into vapors, to slurries
(mixtures of solids and liquids), or to very viscous liquids.
The air formulas and graphs apply to gases that closely follow the ideal gas laws, in which pressure, temperature, and volume
are proportional. They do not apply to gases or vapors that are near the pressure and temperature at which they liquefy, such
as a cryogenic nitrogen or oxygen.
For convenience, the air flow graphs show gauge pressures, whereas the formulas use absolute pressure (gauge pressure
plus one atmosphere).
Safe Product Selection
When selecting a product, the total system design must be considered to ensure safe, trouble-free performance. Function,
material compatibility, adequate ratings, proper installation, operation, and maintenance are the responsibilities of the system
designer and user.
Flow Calculation Principles
The principles of flow calculations are illustrated by the common orifice flow meter (Fig.6). We need to know only the size and
shape of the orifice, the diameter of the pipe, and the fluid density. With that information, we can calculate the flow rate for any
value of pressure drop across the orifice (the difference between inlet and outlet pressures).
For a valve, we also need to know the pressure drop and the fluid density. But in addition to the dimensions of pipe diameter and
orifice size, we need to know all the valve passage dimensions and all the changes in size and direction of flow through the
valve.
However, rather than doing complex calculations, we use the valve flow coefficient, which combines the effects of all the flow
restrictions in the valve into a single number (Fig.7).
Pipediameter
Pressure drop
orifice diameterFluid density
orificeshape
Fig.6. The flow rate through a fixed orifice can be calculated from the dimensions of pipe diameter
and orifice size and shape.
Definition of Valve Sizing
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Fig.8. Valve manufactures determine flow coefficients by testing the valve with water using a standard factory test method.
Valve manufacturers determine the valve flow coefficient by testing the valve with water at several flow rates, using a standard
factory test method for control valves and now used widely for all valves.
Flow tests are done in a straight piping system of the same size as the valve, so that the effects of fittings and piping size
changes are not included.
Symbols Used in Flow Equations
Cv =flow coefficient
q =flow rate
P =inlet pressure1
P =outlet pressure2
∆P =pressure drop (P1- P2)
T =absolute upstream temperature:1
0K = C + 2730R = F + 460
Fig.7. Calculating the flow rate through a valve is much more complex. The valve flow coefficient (Cv) takes into account all the
dimensions and other factors - including size and direction changes - that affect fluid flow.
Pressure drop
Fluid density
DirectionChanges
Pipediameter
Valvepassage
sizeSize
Changes
∆P
Flow ControlValve
Flow Meter
P1 P2
Flow ControlValve
(Std distance form test Valve
(Minimum length of star line)
Test Valve
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Liquid Flow
Because liquids are incompressible fluids, their flow rate depends only on the difference between the inlet and outlet pressures
(∆P, pressure drop). The flow is the same whether the system pressure is low or high, so long as the difference between the
inlet and outlet pressures is the same. This equation shows the relationship, refer sizing calculation.
Gas Flow
Gas flow calculations are slightly more complex, because gases are compressible fluids whose density changes with
pressure. In addition, there are two conditions that must be considered low pressure drop flow and high pressure drop flow.
Low and High Pressure Drop Gas Flow
The basic orifice meter illustrates the difference between high and low pressure drop flow conditions.
In low pressure drop flow when outlet pressure (P2) is greater than half of inlet pressure (P1) outlet pressure restricts flow
through the orifice: as outlet pressure decreases, flow increases, and so does the velocity of the gas leaving the orifice.
When outlet pressure decreases to half of inlet pressure, the gas leaves the orifice at the velocity of sound. The gas cannot
exceed the velocity of sound and therefore this becomes the maximum flow rate. The maximum flow rate is also known as
choked flow or critical flow. Any further decrease in outlet pressure does not increase flow, even if the outlet pressure is reduced
to zero. Consequently, high pressure drop flow only depends on inlet pressure but not on outlet pressure. (refer figure 9)
Figure 9 : Difference between high and low pressure drop flow condition.
Low Pressure Drop
P1 P2
P2 > 1/2 P1
q
q
q
Maximum Flow
High Pressure Drop
P2 = 1/2 P1
P2 < 1/2 P1
P1 P2
P1 P2
Sonic Flow
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Valve Sizing Procedure
It is essential to understand the valve sizing formula and selection procedure when determining the size of a valve. The
following is the proper selection procedure.
1. Judge if the flow condition is sub critical or critical based on the given flow condition.
2. Calculate the Cv value by putting the data into an appropriate formula.
3. Select the size of the valve using the Cv value chart. Consider the following points when sizing the valve.
a) A proper adjustment of the Cv calculation should be made based on the piping adjustment coefficient if a valve is
located between reducers.
b) If the result of the Cv calculation is over 80% compared to the full Cv value, select a valve one size larger.
If no ∆P is given, 5 to 10% of the pump outlet pressure should be used as the assumed ∆P for valve sizing.
Sizing Formulae with Cv Calculations examples.
Where,
W= flow in tones /hr. = 1859 kg / hr = 1.859 t / hr
∆P =0.343 bar
P1 = 4.44 bar absolute
P2 = 4.10 bar absolute
Cv =72.4 W
∆P (P1+P2)
With 30% of 78.57 considering safety margin the selected
Cv will be 102 then in such case the nearest value to the
selected Cv is 130 which falls to a valve size of 3 inch with
the orifice size of 3 inch.
Cv =72.4 x 1.859
0.343 (4.44+4.10)
=134.59
1.71= 78.57
∆P = Pressure drop 10% of the inlet if it is not given in bar = 0.343
2P1 = 3.5 kg/cm
= 3.43 bar = 4.44 bar absolute
P2 = P1 (in bar absolute) - P (in bar)
= 4.44 - 0.343
= 4.10 bar absolute
∆
Cv =72.4 W
∆P (P1+P2)
2) For Steam
Where,
W= flow in tones /hr. = = 0.020 t / hr20.81
1000
Cv =72.4 x 0.020
0.343 (4.44+4.10)
With 30% of 0.8467 considering safety margin the
selected Cv will be 1.1 then in such case the nearest
value to the selected Cv is 2 which falls to a valve size of
1/2 inch with the orifice size of 1/4 inch.
1) For Steam
1.44
1.71= = 0.8467
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
∆P = 0.343 bar Pressure drop 10% of the inlet to be considered if the same is not mentioned.
P1 = 4.44 bar absolute
P2 = 4.10 bar absolute
Cv =72.4 W
∆P (P1+P2)
3) For Steam
Where,
W= flow in tones /hr.
= 1285 kg/ hr
= 1.285 t / hr
Cv =72.4 x 1.285
0.343 (4.44 + 4.10)
93.03
1.71= = 54.40
With 30% of 54.4 considering safety margin the selected Cv
will be 70.72 then in such case the nearest value to the
selected Cv is 85 which falls to a valve size of 3 inch with
the orifice size of 2.5 inch.
P1 = 303 kpa = 3 bar; P = 0.3∆
Cv = 1.16 X G
4) For Liquid
With 30% of 4.67 considering safety margin the selected Cv
will be 6.0 then in such case the nearest value to the
selected Cv is 8 which falls to a valve size of 1 inch with the
orifice size of 3/4" inch.
W= metric tones/hr
W
G ∆P
Cv = 1.16 X Q Q in m /hr3
W = 1800
1000= 1.8t/hr
G = D
1000
= 661
1000= 0.661
Cv = 1.16 X (1.8
0.661
0.661
0.3(
G∆P
= 4.67
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P1 = 101 kpa = 1.01 bar = 2.0132 bar absolute
∆P = 0.101
∆P = P1- P2
P2 = P1 ∆P = 2.0132 - 0.101
P2 = 1.9122 bar absolute
Cv =47.2 X W
∆P (P1-P2)XGf
5) For Air and Gas
Where,
W = t/hr
Gf =G X 288
0T K=
With 30% of 23.21 considering safety margin the selected
Cv will be 30 then in such case the nearest value to the
selected Cv is 32 which falls to a valve size of 1.5 inch with
the orifice size of 1.5 inch in case of On/Off trim and of Cv
50 when you choose to have Contoured plug against the
selected size of 2.0inch with a trim size of 2.0inch .
300
1000= = 0.3t/hr
1 X 288
(30+273)= 0.95
=47.2 X 0.3
0.101(2.0132+1.9122)X0.95
=14.16
0.61= 23.21
Q = 75000 Nm3 / hr
G = 1
Ta = 273 + 65 = 338 º K
Cf = 0.7
P1 = 0.0234 bar [240 mm Water column]
∆P = 0.0023488 bar
P1 = 1.0366 bar absolute
6) For Air and Gas
Cv =QX G(Ta)
3257X(CfxP1X(y-0.148y )
With 30% of 67360 considering safety margin the selected
Cv will be 87567 then in such case the nearest value to the
selected Cv is 92500 which falls to a valve size of 44 inch
for on/off application and we can use only Butterfly valves.
y=1.63
0.7
0.0023488
1.0366= 0.11
=75000X (338)
257X0.7 x 1.0366(0.11 - 0.148X0.11 )3
=1378858
186.48 x 0.1098
1378858
20.47= = 67360
Cv
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Q = 40000 Nm3/hr
G = 0.86
Ta = 273+50 = 323ºK
Cf = 0.7
P1 = 200 mm WC
= 0.02 bar
∆P = 0.002 bar
P1 = 1.0332 bar
7) For Air and Gas
Cv =QX G(Ta)
3257X(CfxP1X(y-0.148y )
y=1.63
0.7
0.002
1.0332= 0.10
CV=40,000X 0.882(273+50)
257X0.7X1.0332(0.10-0.148X0.1 )3
= 35939
With 30% of 35939 considering safety margin the selected
Cv will be 46720 then in such case the nearest value to the
selected Cv is 48000 which falls to a valve size of 32 inch
for on/off application and when you choose to have Linear
Contoured application against the selected Cv of 48000
then in such case a selected size wii be 48 inch whose
design Cv is 49950 and we can use only Butterfly valves.
8) For Air and Gas
Q = 120000 Nm3/hr
Ta = 338 º k(65 + 273)
Cf = 0.7(for Butter fly)
P1 = 150 mm WC
= 0.01497 kg / cm2
= 0.014680 bar
P1 = 1.027880 bar absolute
∆P = 0.001468 bar
Cv =QX G(Ta)
3257X(CfxP1X(y-0.148y )
y=1.63
Cf
∆P
P1( (
CV=120000X 1X(273+65)
3257X0.7X1.027880(0.088-0.148X0.88 )
y=1.63
0.7
0.001468
1.027880( ( y = 0.088
220.6173
184(0.088-0.000681472)=
137370=
With 30% of 137370 considering safety margin the selected
Cv will be 178581 then in such case the nearest value to the
selected Cv is 186650 which falls to a valve size of 60 inch
for on/off application only and the suitable valve will be
Butterfly valve.
SUDE 35Engineering ManualSDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Graphical Statement of Valve Coefficient [Cv] against different flows
Water Flow - U.S. Units
10 0008000
6000
4000
3000
2000
1000800
600
400300
200
1008060
40
30
20
100.001 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.060.08 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2.0
Pre
ss
ure
Dro
p.
ps
i
Flow, U.S. gal/min
1000800
600
400
300
200
10080
60
4030
20
108
6
43
2
11 1000800600400300200100806040302010864321
Example:l ∆
lRead across to the desired flow rate (q = 4 U.S. gal/min).
l The diagonal line is the desired Cv value (Cv = 0.50)
Enter the vertical scale with the pressure drop across the valve ( p = 60 psi).
SUDE36 Engineering Manual SDTORK
Cv=0.0005Cv=0.0005
0.00100.0010
0.00250.0025
0.00500.0050
0.0100.010
0.0250.025
0.0500.050
0.100.10
0.250.25
0.100.10
0.250.25
0.500.50
1.01.0
2.52.5
5.05.0
1010
2525
5050
100100
250250
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
100080
60
40
30
20
108
6
43
2
1.00.8
0.6
0.40.3
0.2
11 1000800600400300200100806040302010864 2000 3000 4000
Example:l ∆
lRead across to the desired flow rate (q = 0.2 L/min).
lThe diagonal line is the desired Cv value (Cv = 0.0025).
Enter the vertical scale with the pressure drop across the valve ( p = 30 bar).
Water Flow - Metric Units
1000800
600
400
300
200
1008060
4030
20
1086
4
3
2
10.004 0.006 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 6.0
Pre
ss
ure
Dro
p.
ba
r
Flow, L/min
SUDE 37Engineering ManualSDTORK
0.100.10
0.250.25
0.500.50
1.01.0
2.52.5
5.05.0
1010
2525
5050
100100
250250
Cv=0.0005Cv=0.0005
0.00100.0010
0.00250.0025
0.00500.0050
0.0100.010
0.0250.025
0.0500.050
0.100.10
0.200.20
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Low Pressure Drop Air Flow - U.S. Units
Example:lEnter the vertical scale with the inlet pressure at the valve (P1 = 200 psig).
lRead across to the diagonal line for the pressure drop across the valve (∆p = 25 psi).
lRead down to the horizontal scale for the flow rate through a valve with a Cv of 1.0 (q = 65 std ft3/min).
lMultiply that flow rate by the valve Cv to determine the actual flow rate.
Inte
l P
res
su
re
PS
IG
3Flow, std ft /min
3000
2000
1000
800
600
400
300
200
100
80
60
40
30
20
10 20 30 40 60 80 10050 200 300 400 600 800500 1000
SUDE38 Engineering Manual SDTORK
p = 5 psip = 5 psi
10 psi10 psi
25 psi25 psi
50 psi50 psi
100 psi100 psi
250 psi250 psi
500 psi500 psi
High pressure drop flowHigh pressure drop flow
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
Example:l
lRead across to the diagonal line for the pressure drop across the valve ( p = 1 bar).
lRead down to the horizontal scale for the flow rate through a valve with a Cv of 1.0 (q = 4000 std L/min).
lMultiply that flow rate by the valve Cv to determine the actual flow rate.
Enter the vertical scale with the inlet pressure at the valve (P1 = 100 bar).
∆
Low Pressure Drop Air Flow - Metric Units
200
100
80
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
6
5
4
3
2300 400 600 800 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 8000 10 000 20 000 30 000
Flow, std L/min
Inte
l P
res
su
re b
ar
∆P
= 0
.25 b
ar
∆P
= 0
.25 b
ar
0.5
0 b
ar
0.5
0 b
ar
1.0
bar
1.0
bar
2.5
bar
2.5
bar
5 ba
r5
bar
10 b
ar10
bar
25 b
ar
25 b
ar
SUDE 39Engineering ManualSDTORK
High pressure drop flowHigh pressure drop flow
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
High Pressure Drop Air Flow - U.S. Units
Example:l
lRead across to the desired flow rate (q = 10 std ft3/min).
lThe diagonal line is the desired Cv value (Cv = 0.10).
Enter the vertical scale with the inlet pressure at the valve (P1 = 200 psig).
3000
2000
1000800
600
400
300
200
10080
60
40
30
20
500
50
0.001 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2.00.05 0.08 0.1 0.2 0.3 3.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 20
Cv= 0.0005Cv= 0.00050.00100.0010
0.00250.0025
0.00500.0050
0.0100.010
0.0250.025
0.0500.050
0.100.10
0.250.25
0.500.50
Inle
t P
res
su
re,
ps
ig
1000
800
600500400
300
200
100
80
60
50
40
30
2020 30 40 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 200010 3000 4000 6000 10 000
3Flow. std ft /min
0.100.10
0.250.25
0.500.50
1.01.0
2.52.5
5.05.0
1010
2525
5050
100100
250250
SUDE40 Engineering Manual SDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
High Pressure Drop Air Flow - Metric Units
Example:lEnter the vertical scale with the inlet pressure at the valve (P1 = 20 bar).
lRead across to the desired flow rate (q = 4000 std L/min).
lThe diagonal line is the desired Cv value (Cv = 1.0).
200
100
80
6050
40
30
20
10
8
654
3
2
Cv= 0.0005Cv= 0.0005
0.00100.0010
0.00250.0025
0.00500.0050
0.0100.010
0.0250.025
0.0500.050
0.100.10
0.250.25
0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2 3 4 6 8 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 200 300
0.100.10
0.250.25
0.0500.050
1.01.0
0.500.50
2.52.5
5.05.0
1010
2525
5050
100100
250250
50
80
60
40
30
20
10
8
65
4
3
2200 300 400 600 800 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 10000 20000 40000 60000 100000 200000
Inle
t P
res
su
re,
ba
r
Flow, std L/min
SUDE 41Engineering ManualSDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Velocity Limitation & Its Calculation
Where : V: Flow velocity (m/sec) Q: Flow rate
3Liquid (m /h)
3Gas [At 15 degrees C, 101325 Pa] (m /h)
* Velocity limitation varies depending on the valve models. Please consult us for further information.
Pipe line velocity calculation - For liquids
V = 354 XQ
2D
For gases and vapors'
V = 124.5 XQ (T+273)
2 2D . P
For Steam
V = 124.5 XQ . U
2D
3= Nm /h X288
273
Steam (kg/h)
U: Specific volume of valve-outlet (m /kg)
D: Nominal size (mm)
P : Valve-outlet pressure (kPaA)2
T: Temperature (degrees C)
3
Replaceable rubber seat
Vulcanized rubber seat
Gas, vapour
Saturated steam
Superheated steam
Liquid
Steam
3 m/s
5 to 6 m/s
120 to 200 m/s
50 to 80 m/s
80 to 120 m/s
Type of fluid Velocity limitation (continuous operation)
SUDE42 Engineering Manual SDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Noise Prediction Methods and Counter measures
The following are methods which are recommended as standard method.
in
in
in
mm
cm
mm
mm
cm
mm
kg
lbs
lbs/ft
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
Multiply in by
Multiply in by
Multiply in by
Multiply millimeter by
Multiply centimeter by
Multiply meter by
Multiply millimeter by
Multiply centimeter by
Multiply meter by
Multiply kilogram by
Multiply pounds by
Multiply pounds/foot by
25.4
2.54
0.0254
0.003281
0.032808
3.2808
0.03937
0.3937
39.37
2.2046
0.453597
1.48817
mm
cm
m
ft
ft
ft
in
in
in
Lbs
kg
kg/meter
TO CONVERT FROM
Torque conversion table
1
16
192
13.89
1389
14.16
141.6
N•moz•in Lb•in Lb•ft kg•cm kg•m N•cm
0.0625
1
12
0.868
86.8
0.088
8.851
0.005
0.083
1
0.072
7.233
0.007
0.738
0.072
1.152
13.83
1
100
0.102
10.20
0.0007
0.0115
0.138
0.01
1
0.001
0.102
0.706
11.3
135.6
9.807
980.7
1
100
0.007
0.113
1.356
0.098
9.807
0.01
1
Conversion Charts
SUDE 43Engineering ManualSDTORK
Pressure detection tap
36” to 48”
Upstream-siderestrictor
In-line Silencer
Test Valve
Position of Microphone
28”
to 4
0” Silencer
Downstream-siderestrictor
Note : Parts surrounded by dotted lines are optional36” to 48”
Position of Microphone
28” t
o 40
”
D
min =
D
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
TO CONVERT INTO MULTIPLY BY
BAR
CENTIMETERS
CFM
CFM
CUBIC FEET
CUBIC METERS
FEET
ft/ibs
GALLONS
INCHES
INCHES
KGM
KILOGRAMS
KILOMETERS
L/Sec
LITERS
LITERS
M3/min
METERS
METERS
MILES
MILLIMETERS
MEGA PASCALS
(MPa)
PSI
INCHES
L/Sec3m /min
Cubic Meters
Cubic Feet
Meters
KGM
Liters
Millimeters
Centimeters
ft/ibs
POUNDS
MILES
CFM
GALLONS
QUARTS
CFM
FEET
YARDS
KILOMETERS
INCHES
PSI
14.7
0.3937
0.4719
0.02832
0.02832
35.3145
0.3048
0.1383
3.7853
25.4
25.4
7.231
2.2046
0.6214
2.119
0.2642
1.0567
35.32
3.2808
1.0936
1.6093
0.03937
145.04
POUNDS
PSI
PSI
QUARTS
SQUARE
CENTIMETERS
SQUARE FEET
SQUARE INCHES
SQUARE METERS
TON(US)
TON, METRIC
YARDS
KILOGRAMS
BAR
MEGA PASCALS(MPa)
LITRES
SQUARE INCHES
SQUARE METERS
SQUARE CENTIMETERS
SQUARE FEET
TON, METRIC
TON(US)
METERS
TO CONVERT INTO MULTIPLY BY
0.45359237
0.06804
0.006895
0.9463
0.155
0.0929
6.452
10.7639
0.90718
1.1023
0.9144
TO CONVERT INTO MULTIPLY BY
atmosphereatmosphereatmosphereatmosphereatmosphereatmosphereatmosphereatmosphereatmosphereatmosphereBarBarBarBarBarBarBarBarBarBarDynes/cm²Dynes/cm²Dynes/cm²Dynes/cm²Dynes/cm²Dynes/cm²in.Hgin.Hg
bardynes/cm²in.Hgin waterkg/cm²mbarmtroo or micron HgPa or N/m²PSI or ib/in²torr or mm Hgatmospheredynes/cm²in.Hgin. waterkg/cm²mbarmtroo or micron HgPa or N/m²PSI or ib/in²torr or mm Hgatmospherebarin.Hgin. waterkg/cm²mbaratmospherebar
1.012951.01295x106
29.9213406.86
1.033251012.957.6x105
1.01295x10514.696
7600.98721x10629.54
401.651.021000
7.5028x1051x10614.508
750.28539.872x10-7
1x10¯6 2.954x10-54.0165x10-41.0200x10-6
1x10-3 3.342x10-2 3.385x10-2
TO CONVERT INTO MULTIPLY BY
in.Hgin.Hgin.Hgin.Hgin.Hgin.Hgin.Hgin.Hgin. waterin. waterin. waterin. waterin. waterin. waterin. waterin. waterin. waterin. waterkg/cm²kg/cm²kg/cm²kg/cm²kg/cm²kg/cm²kg/cm²kg/cm²kg/cm²kg/cm²
dynes/cm²in. waterkg/cm²mbarmtorr or micron HgPa or N/m²PSI or ib/in²torr or mm Hgatmospherebardynes/cm²kg/cm²in.Hgmbarmtorr or micron HgPa or N/m²PSI or ib/in²torr or mm Hgatmospherebardynes/cm²in.Hgin. watermbarmtorr or micron HgPa or N/m²PSI or ib/in²torr or mm Hg
3.385x104 13.598
3.4532x10-2 33.85
2.54x104 3385
0.4912 25.4
2.458x10-3 2.489x10-3 2.489x10-32.5395x10-3 7.354x10-2
2.489 1.868x10-3
248.9 3.612x10-2
1.868 0.9678 0.9840
9.804x105 28.958 393.76
9.804x102 7.3554x105 9.804x104
14.223 7.3554x102
PRESSURE CONVERSION FORMULAE
Conversion Charts
SUDE44 Engineering Manual SDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
TO CONVERT INTO MULTIPLY BY
mbar
mbar
mbar
mbar
mbar
mbar
mbar
mbar
mbar
mbar
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron
Hg
atmosphere
bar
dynes/cm²
kg/cm²
in.Hg
in. water
mtorr or micron Hg
Pa or N/m²
PSI or ib/in²
torr or mm Hg
atmosphere
bar
dynes/cm²
kg/cm²
in.Hg
in. water
mbar
Pa or N/m²
PSI or ib/in²
torr or mm Hg
atmosphere
bar
dynes/cm²
kg/cm²
in.Hg
in. water
mbar
mtroo or micron Hg
PSI or ib/in²
torr or mm Hg
atmosphere
bar
dynes/cm²
kg/cm²
in.Hg
in. water
mbar
bar
dynes/cm²
9.872x104
0.001
1000
1.0200x10-3
2.954x10-2
0.4018
7.5028x102
100
1.450x10-2
0.75028
1.316x10-6
1.3328x10-6
1.3328
1.3595x10-6
3.937x10-5
5.353x10-4
1.3328x10-3
0.13328
1.934x10-5
1x10-3
9.869x10-6
1x10-5
10
1.020x10-5
2.954x10-4
4.018x10-3
0.01
7.5028
14508x10-4
7.5028x10-3
0.06805
0.06893
6.8927x104
7.0309x10-2
2.036
27.68
68.97
1.3328x10-6
1.3328
TO CONVERT INTO MULTIPLY BY
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
mtorr or micron Hg
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
Pa or N/m²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
PSI or ib/in²
torr or mm Hg
torr or mm Hg
torr or mm Hg
torr or mm Hg
torr or mm Hg
torr or mm Hg
torr or mm Hg
torr or mm Hg
torr or mm Hg
torr or mm Hg
kg/cm²
in.Hg
in. water
mbar
PSI or ib/in²
torr or mm Hg
atmosphere
bar
dynes/cm²
kg/cm²
in.Hg
in. water
mbar
mtroo or micron Hg
PSI or ib/in²
torr or mm Hg
atmosphere
bar
dynes/cm²
kg/cm²
in.Hg
in. water
mbar
mtorr or micron Hg
Pa or N/m²
torr or mm Hg
atmosphere
bar
dynes/cm²
kg/cm²
in.Hg
in. water
mbar
mtorr or micron Hg
Pa or N/m²
PSI or ib/in²
1.3595x10-6
3.937x10-5
5.353x10-4
1.3328x10-3
1.934x10-5
1x10-3
9.869x10-6
1x10-5
10
1.020x10-5
2.954x10-4
4.018x10-3
0.01
7.5028
14508x10-4
7.5028x10-3
0.06805
0.06893
6.8927x104
7.0309x10-2
2.036
27.68
68.97
5.171x104
6.8927x103
51.71
1.3158x10-3
1.3328x10-3
1.3328x10-3
1.3595x10-3
3.937x10-2
0.5353
1.3328
1000
133.28
1.934x10-2
Conversion Charts
SUDE 45Engineering ManualSDTORK
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
Designation psi
psi
kpa
kg/cm²
cm of
H²O
feet of
H²O
inches
of Hg
mm
of Hg
inches
of H20
ounces per
square inch
atmosp
heres
bar
mbar
Mpa
kpa 2kg/cm cm of 2H O
1
0.1450
37
14.223
34
0.0142
22
0.4335
15
0.4911
54
0.0193
36
0.3612
62
0.0625
14.696
14.503
8
0.0145
145.03
77
6.8947
57
1
98.066
94
0.0980
63
2.9689
61
3.3863
89
0.1333
23
0.2490
82
0.4309
22
101.32
54
100
0.1
1000
0.7030
7
0.0101
97
1
0.001
0.3047
91
0.3453
16
0.0013
6
0.0025
42
0.0043
94
1.0332
31
1.0197
16
0.0010
19
10.197
70.30
69
10.19
75
1000.
03
1
30.48
34.53
25
1.359
55
2.54
4.394
31
1033.
26
1019.
75
1.019
10197
.5
2.306
72
0.334
56
32.80
93
0.328
08
1
1.132
96
0.446
05
0.833
3
0.144
17
33.89
95
33.48
33
0.003
46
334.5
6
2.0360
2
0.2953
28.959
01
0.0289
58
0.8826
46
1
0.0393
7
0.0735
54
0.1272
51
29.921
3
29.53
0.0295
3
295.29
9
51.714
9
7.5006
1
735.55
9
0.7355
4
22.419
2
25.4
1
1.8682
7
3.2321
8
760
750.06
3
0.7500
6
7500.6
1
27.680
68
4.0147
2
393.71
18
0.3937
12
13.595
46
0.5352
55
1
1.7300
4
406.79
4
401.85
96
0.4014
6
4014.7
4
16
2.3206
03
227.57
35
0.2275
66
6.9362
4
7.8584
7
0.3093
89
0.5780
2
1
235.13
6
232.06
08
0.2320
6
2320.6
03
0.6804
6
0.0096
6
0.9678
4
0.0009
6
0.0299
9
0.0334
2
0.0013
1
0.0024
5
0.0042
5
1
0.9869
2
0.0009
9
9.669
0.689
0.01
0.981
0.000
9863
0.03
0.009
0.001
0.002
0.004
1
0.987
0.001
9.669
68.94
8
10
1013.
3
0.980
6
29.68
9
33.86
4
1.333
2
2.490
9
4.309
1013.
3
1000
1
1000
0
0.006
8
0.001
0.098
0
0.000
9
0.002
9
0.003
8
0.000
1
0.000
2
0.000
4309
0.101
3
0.1
0.000
1
1
feetof
2H O
Inchesof Hg
mm ofHg
Inchesof H2O
ounces per
squareinch
atmosphere
s
bar mbar Mpa
Sp
eci
fic g
ravi
ty S
G (
dB
A)
Molecular weight0 10 20 30 40 50
+2+1
0
-1
-2
-3-4-5-6-7
-8
-9-10
Specific gravity conversion
kg/Nm3
kg/m3
0 degrees C
1013mmbar
15 degrees C
1013mmbar
Condition Specific gravity G
1.293
1.225
Saturated Steam
Superheated Steam
Natural gas
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Ammonia
Air
Acetylene
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide gas
Helium
Methane liquid
Nitrogen
Propane
Ethylene
Ethane
-2
-3
-1
-10
+0.5
-2
+0
-1
+1
+0
-6.5
-1
+0
+1
-1
-1
Specific gravity SG
Specific gravity SG
Virtual Pressure Conversion Chart
SUDE46 Engineering Manual SDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Physical Properties of Plastics
0TEMPERATURE( F)
Pre
ss
ure
(P
SI)
100
120
80
40
080 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
PVC
PPCPVC PVDF
PROPERTIES PVC CPVC PP PVDFTEST METHOD
REF.
140 210 180 280HEAT RESISTANCE. F0
HEAT DEFLECTION, F @ 264 0 PSI 160 212 202 230 ASTM - D648
0.65 1.6 2.5 6 ASTM - D256IZOD IMPACT. FT.LBS./IN. V NOTCH
ELONGATION. % 60-120 20-40 150-200 30-50 ASTM - D638
DIELECTRIC STRENGTH, KV/IN. 0.9 0.9 1 1.18 ASTM - D149
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 12,500-14,000 14000-15,500 8500-9800 12500-14000 ASTM - D695
COMPRESSIVE MODULUS, 10³ PSI 240-250 250-280 125-150 15-195 ASTM - D695
COEFFICIENT OF 0EXPANSION, IN./IN./ FX105
3.1 3.7 5.2 7.7 ASTM - D696
0.06 0.06 0.2 0.03WATER ABSORPTION 24HR/ % a 73 DEG. F
ASTM - D570
7400 8800 5000 7200TENSILE STRENGTH PSI ASTM - D638
ASTM - D7921.41 1.53 0.91 1.76SPECIFIC GRAVITY
HARDNESS, ROCKWELL R 112 116 96 110 ASTM - D785
Pressure VS. Temperature
SUDE 47Engineering ManualSDTORK
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
Physical Properties of Liquids
Fluid
Boiling point when air
pressure is 1
Gravity
Temp.Water
0= 1 at 4 C
Molecularweight
0C 0F0C 0F
20.6
118.3
56.1
-
-
97.2
117.2
117.2
77.8
66.1
97.2
-33.3
183.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
80
-
-
61.1
157.8
182.2
46.1
76.7
-
61.1
-
-
172.8
34.7
77.2
38.3
131.7
83.9
100.6
69
245
133
-
-
207
243
243
172
151
207
-28
363
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
176
-
-
142
316
360
115
170
-
142
-
-
343
94.4
171
101
269
183
213
20
20
20
15.6
-
20
20
70
20
20
-17.8
20
20
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
20
15.6
15.6
20
20
18.3
20
20
20
20
15.6
-
20
20
20
15
20
20
20
68
68
68
60
-
68
68
158
68
68
0
68
68
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
68
60
60
68
68
65
68
68
68
68
60
-
68
68
68
59
68
68
68
0.782
1.049
0.79
0.895
-
0.855
0.81
0.78
0.789
0.79
0.804
0.662
1.022
0.88 - 0.94
0.88 - 0.94
0.88 - 0.94
0.88 - 0.94
0.88 - 0.94
0.88 - 0.94
0.88 - 0.94
0.88 - 0.94
0.88 - 0.94
0.88 - 0.94
0.88 - 0.94
1.01
0.879
1.23
1.19
2.9
0.959
1.08
1.263
1.594
0.96
1.489
0.9
-
0.73
0.714
0.9
1.45
2.18
1.246
1.221
44.05
60.05
58.08
-
-
58.05
74.12
-
46.07
102.17
60.09
17.31
93.12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
78.11
-
-
159.83
88.10
94.11
76.14
153.84
-
119.39
-
-
142.28
74.12
88.10
108.98
187.88
98.97
46.03
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Acetone
Aero motor oil (typical)
Alcohol, allyl-n
Alcohol, butyl-n
Alcohol, ethyl-n (grain)
Alcohol, methy-n (wood)
Alcohol, propyl-n
Ammonia (liquid)
Aniline
Automobile crankcase oils,
SAE 10
SAE 20
SAE 30
SAE 40
SAE 50
SAE 60
SAE 70
Automobile transmission lub,
SAE 80
SAE 90
SAE 140
SAE 250
Beer
Benzol (Benzene)
Brine, calcium chloride, 25%
Brine, sodium chloride, 25%
Bromine
Butyric acid-n
Carbolic acid (phenol)
Carbon disulphide
Carbon tetrachloride
Castor oil
Chloroform
Compounded steam cyl oil (5% tal, ow)
Decane-n
Diethyl ether
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl biomide
Ethylene btomide
Ethylene chloride
Formic acid
SUDE48 Engineering Manual SDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
290
-
-
98.3
68.9
-
-
-
28.1
-
57.2
42.2
-
217.8
-
-
211.1
150
125.6
(298.9)
36.1
-
141.1
-
-
-
(98.3)
-
-
-
337.8
-
-
-
160
100
-
141.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
554
-
-
209
156
-
-
-
538
-
135
108
-
424
-
-
412
302
258
(570)
97
-
286
-
-
-
(209)
-
-
-
640
-
-
-
320
212
-
287
21.1
26.1
21.1
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
-14.4
-14.4
-14.4
20
20
20
20
20
20
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
20
20
20
20
15.6
20
20
20
20
20
20
15.6
20
15.6
20
15.6
25
20
20
20
20
20
20
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
20
70
79
70
60
60
60
60
60
6
6
6
68
68
68
68
68
68
60
60
60
60
68
68
68
68
60
68
68
68
68
68
68
60
68
60
68
60
77
68
68
68
68
68
68
60
60
60
60
68
1.49
1.33
1.37
0.82 - 0.95
0.82 - 0.95
0.82 - 0.95
0.82 - 0.95
0.82 - 0.95
0.74
0.72
0.68
1.26
1.13
1.125
0.684
0.66
1.05
0.78 - 0.82
0.91 - 0.92
0.92 - 0.94
0.94
0.93
2.28
1.02 - 1.04
1.145
0.91 - 0.92
1.37
1.203
0.718
0.70
0.91
0.63
0.64
0.99
0.86 - 0.89
0.91
0.924
0.88
1.08
1.18
1.29
1.83
1.83
1.5
0.91
0.86 - 0.87
1.0
1.03
0.87
Freon 11
Freon 12
Freon 21
Fuel oil, No.1
No.2
No.3
No.5
No.6
Gasoline, typical (a)
(b)
(c)
Glycerine, 100%
Glycerine and water, 50%
Glycol, Ethylene
Heptane's-n
Hexane-n
Hydrochloric acid, 31.5%
Kerosene
Lard oil
Linseed oil (raw)
Marine engine oil (20% blown rape)
Methy acetate
Methy iodide
Milk
Naphthelene
Neatsfoot oil
Nitric acid, 60%
Nitrobenzene
Nonane-n
Octane-n
Olive oil
Pentane-n
Petroleum ether (benzine)
Propionic acid
Quenching oil (typical)
Rapeseed oil
Soya bean oil
Sperm oil
Sugar, 20%
40%
60%
Sulfuric acid, 100%
95%
60%
Turbine oil (typical medium)
Turpentine
Water (fresh)
Water (sea)
Xyolene-o
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
92.03
-
62.07
100.20
86.17
-
-
-
-
-
58.08
141.94
-
-
-
-
-
128.6
-
-
123.11
128.25
114.22
-
72.09
-
74.08
-
-
-
98.08
-
-
-
136.23
-
-
-
Fluid
Boiling point when air
pressure is 1
Gravity
Temp.Water
0= 1 at 4 C
Molecularweight
0C 0F0C 0F
Physical Properties of Liquids
SUDE 49Engineering ManualSDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Fluid
Densitykg m
(0°C, 101325 Pa)
-3 GravityAir = 1
1.173
1.2929
0.7710
1.7837
7.71*
3.484*
2.99*
2.5190*
2.673
1.9769
1.2504
2.72
3.214
3.0911
3.89
2.335*
1.96617
1.3566
1.2604
1.696
6.7420
3.420
0.17847
0.08988
3.6445
1.6392
5.7891
3.670
1.539
5.81
3.708
0.7168
1.396
2.3076
2.1098
1.5452
0.90036
1.3402
Acetylene
Air
Ammonia
Argon
Arsenic fluoride
Arsenic hydride
Boron fluoride
Butane (n)
Butane, iso
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon ox sulfide
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine monoxide
Cyanogens
Dim ethylamine
Ethane
Ethylene
Fluorine
Germanium hydride (digermane)
Germanium tetra hydride
Helium
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen iodide
Hydrogen solenoid
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen telluride
Krypton
Methane
Methylamine
Methyl chloride
Methyl ether
Methyl fluoride
Neon
Nitric oxide
GravityOxygen = 1
Molecularweight
0.9073
1.0000
0.5963
1.3796
5.96*
2.695*
2.31*
2.0854*
2.067
1.5290
0.9671
2.10
2.486
2.3911
3.01
1.806
1.52117
1.0493
0.9749
1.312
5.2120
2.645
0.13804
0.06952
2.8189
1.2678
4.4776
2.839
1.190
4.49
2.868
0.5544
1.080
1.7848
1.6318
1.1951
0.69638
1.0366
0.8208
0.9047
0.5395
1.2482
5.40*
2.438*
2.09*
1.8868*
1.870
1.3834
0.8750
1.90
2.249
2.1611
2.72
1.634*
1.37617
0.9493
0.8820
1.187
4.7220
2.393
0.12489
0.06290
2.5503
1.1471
4.0510
2.568
1.077
4.07
2.595
0.5016
0.9769
1.6148
1.4764
1.0813
0.63004
0.9378
26.04
28.97
17.03
39.944
169.91
76.93
61.82
58.12
58.12
44.01
28.01
60.07
70.91
67.46
86.91
52.04
45.08
30.07
28.05
38.00
151.25
76.63
4.003
2.016
80.92
36.47
127.93
80.98
34.08
129.63
83.7
16.04
31.06
50.49
46.07
34.03
20.18
30.01
*Density at 20 C0
Physical Properties of Gases
SUDE50 Engineering Manual SDTORK
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
Physical Properties of Gases
Fluid
Densitykg m
(0°C, 101325 Pa)
-3 GravityAir = 1
GravityOxygen = 1
Molecularweight
1.25055
1.2568
2.992
2.176*
1.9778
2.57*
2.90
1.42904
2.144
1.5294
3.907*
4.8
5.81
2.0096
9.73
3.03
3.64
5.3
2.73
2.08
3.86
4.684
2.85
1.44
5.30
2.9269
6.50*
3.72*
2.580
2.52
12.9
5.851
Nitrogen
Nitrogen (atm.)
Nitrosyl chloride
Nitrosyl fluoride
Nitrous oxide
Nitroxyl chloride
Nitroxyl fluoride
Oxygen
Ozone
Phosphate
Phosphorus fluoride
Phosphorus ox fluoride
Phosphorus pentafluoride
Propane
Radon
Silicane, chloro-
Silicane, chloromethyl
Silicane, dichloromethyl
Silicane, dim ethyl
Silicane, methyl
Silicane, trifluoro-
Silicon fluoride
Silicon hex hydride
Silicon tetrahydride
0Stibine (15 C, 754A)
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur fluoride
Sulfuric oxyfluoride
Trim ethylamine
Trim ethyl boron
Tungsten fluoride
Xenon
0.96724
0.9721
2.314
1.683*
1.5297
1.99*
2.24
1.10527
1.658
1.1829
3.022*
3.7
4.494
1.554
7.526
2.34
2.82
4.1
2.11
1.61
2.99
3.623
2.204
1.114
4.10
2.2638
5.03*
2.88*
1.996
1.95
9.98
4.525
0.87510
0.8795
2.094
1.523*
1.3840
1.798*
2.03
1.0000
1.500
1.0702
2.734*
3.4
4.066
1.407
6.809
2.12
2.55
3.7
1.91
1.46
2.70
3.278
1.994
1.008
3.71
2.0482
4.55*
2.60*
1.085
1.76
9.03
4.094
28.02
-
65.47
49.01
44.02
81.47
65.01
32.00
48.00
34.00
87.98
103.98
125.98
44.09
222.00
66.54
80.60
115.02
60.14
46.12
86.07
104.06
62.17
32.09
125.00
64.07
146.07
102.07
59.11
55.92
297.92
131.30
*Density at 20 C0
SUDE 51Engineering ManualSDTORK
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SUDE
Water temperatureVapour
pressurekPaA
Gravitational weight
3kgf/mGravity
0C 0F
Physical Properties of Water
SUDE52 Engineering Manual SDTORK
SUDESUDE
32
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
212
220
240
260
280
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
0
4
10
16
21
27
32
38
43
49
54
60
66
71
77
82
88
93
99
100
104
116
127
138
149
177
204
232
260
288
316
343
371
0.6107
0.8385
1.2268
1.7656
2.5020
3.4353
4.8129
6.5440
8.7899
11.6699
15.3258
19.9183
25.6346
32.6875
41.3135
51.7811
64.3905
79.4613
97.3653
101.313
117.994
172.136
244.235
339.192
461.942
927.974
1704.59
2913.07
4694.25
7207.3
10639.2
15224.8
21332.4
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.89
0.86
0.82
0.78
0.74
0.68
0.60
0.44
999.87
1000.1
999.81
999.18
998.13
996.76
995.10
993.18
991.03
988.65
986.03
983.24
980.23
977.12
973.81
971.32
966.69
962.91
959.00
958.19
955.00
946.48
937.44
927.94
918.06
890.49
859.44
824.50
784.15
736.22
677.66
599.04
434.46
Special Adapters Linkages
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
FluidDensity
0 3g /cmDensity
Temp.0C
20
20
0
0
15
0
20
20
0
-
0
-
-
-
15
0
15
15
16
15
15
15
15
-
4
49.4
49.4
50.5
56.1
59.2 - 60.2
80.7
99.6
93.0
45.9
41.0 - 43.0
78.6
51.2
849.0
64.2 - 64.6
41.5
52.9 - 50.5
60.5
57.7
57.8
64.9 - 68.6
58.8
57.3
63.99
54.3
62.43
0.792
0.791
0.810
0.899
0.950 - 0.965
1.293
1.595
1.489
0.736
0.66 - 0.69
1.260
0.82
13.6
1.028 - 1.035
0.665
0.848 - 0.810
0.969
0.925
0.926
1.040 - 1.100
0.942
0.918
1.025
0.87
1.00
Acetone
Alcohol, ethyl
Alcohol, methyl
Benzene
Carbolic acid
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Ether
Gasoline
Glycerin
Kerosene
Mercury
Milk
Naphtha, petroleum ether
Wood
Oils :
Castor
Coconut
Cotton seed
Creosote
Linseed, boiled
Olive
Sea water
Turpentine (spirits)
Water
Density of Fluids
SUDE 53Engineering ManualSDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Property
Tensile
Strength
psi (bar)
NaturalRubber
Buna-S
NitrileButy
1Thiokol
SiliconeHypal
onViton2.3
Polyurethan
3e
EthylenePropyle
ne4
Neoprene
Pure
Gum
3000
(207)
400
(208)
600
(41)
3000
(207)
300
(121)
200-450
(14-31)
4000
(276)
--- --- ---3200
(241)
Permeability to
Gases
Fair Fair Fair V.
Good
Good Fair V.
Good
Good Good GoodV.
Good
ResilienceV.
Good
Fair Fair V.
Good
Poor Good Good Good Fair V.
Good
V.
Good
Elongation
(Max)700% 500% 500% 700% 400% 300% 300% 425% 625% 500%500%
Refin-
forced
4500
(310)
3000
(207)
4000
(276)
3000
(207)
1500
(103)
1100
(76)
4400
(303)
2300
(159)
6500
(448)
2500
(172)
3500
(241)
Tear Resistance Excell
ent
Poor-
Fair
Fair Good Fair Poor
Fair
Excell
ent
Good Excell
ent
PoorGood
Abrasion
Resistance
Excell
ent
Good Good Fair Poor Poor Excell
ent
Very
Good
Excell
ent
GoodExcel
lent
Aging :
Sunlight :
Oxidation
Poor
Good
Poor
Fair
Poor
Fair
Excel
lent
Good
Good
Good
Good
V
Good
Excell
ent
v.
Good
Excel
ent
Excel
ent
Excell
ent
Excell
ent
Excell
ent
Good
Excel
lent
Good
Heat
(Max. Temp)
93 C0
(2000F)
93 C0
(2000F)
121 C0
0(250 F)
93 C0
(2000F)
60 C0
(1400F)
232 C0
(4500F)
149 C0
(3000F)
2040C
(4000F)
93 C0
(2000F)
177 C0
(350 F)0
93 C0
(2000F)
Static (Shelf) Good Good Good Good Fair Good Good --- --- GoodV. Good
Flex Cracking
Resistance
Excell
ent
Good Good Excel
lent
Fair Fair Excell
ent
--- Excell
ent
---Excel
lent
Compression
Set
Resistance
Good Good Very
Good
Fair Poor Good Poor Poor Good FairExcel
lent
Low Temperature
Flexibility (Max.)
0-54 C
(- 065 F)
-46 C0
(- 050 F)
40 C0
(- 040 F)
-40 C0
(- 040 F)
-40 C0
0(-40 F)
-73 C0
0(-100 F
-29 C0
0(-20 F)
-34 C0
0(-30 F)
-40 C0
0(-40 F)
-45 C0
(-50 F)
40 C0
(- 040 F)
General Properties of Elastomer
SUDE54 Engineering Manual SDTORK
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
Fluid Critical pressure Pc
322
235
36
-141
132
-122
289
153
31
-139
283
144
32
243
10
195
-155
-268
267
-240
51
134
235
-83
240
-147
37
296
-119
197
419
182
97
92
112
97
157
374
58.0
47.6
62.9
37.8
113.0
48.6
48.4
36.5
74.0
35.5
45.6
77.0
49.5
64.0
51.2
36.0
25.3
2.3
27.2
13.0
82.6
37.5
53.7
46.4
79.6
34.0
72.7
25.0
50.4
33.5
61.3
56.7
42.6
45.6
40.1
49.2
78.8
221.0
5798
4764
6280
3771
11297
4860
4833
3647
7390
3543
4557
7708
4944
6391
5115
3599
2530
228.9
2716
1296
8266
3750
5370
4640
7970
3392
7267
2496
5033
3344
6129
5674
4254
4557
4012
4915
7873
22104
Acetic acid
Acetone
Acetylene
Air
Ammonia
Argon
Benzene
Butane
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorine
Ethane
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylene
Ethyl ether
Fluorine
Helium
Heptanes
Hydrogen
Hydrogen chloride
Isobutene
Isopropyl alcohol
Methane
Methyl alcohol
Nitrogen
Nitrous oxide
Octane
Oxygen
Pentane
Phenol
Phosgene
Propane
Propylene
Refrigerant 12
Refrigerant 22
Sulfur dioxide
Water
kPaA Bars (abs.)
Critical Temperature TC
0F 0C
612
455
97
-222
270
-188
552
307
88
-218
541
291
90
469
50
383
-247
-450
513
-400
124
273
455
-117
464
-233
99
565
-182
387
786
360
207
198
234
207
315
705
Critical Pressures and Temperatures
SUDE 55Engineering ManualSDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
ABS. PRESS. (KG/CM²)
99.12
104.32
108.85
112.89
116.54
119.87
122.9
125.8
128.5
131
133.4
135.6
137.8
139.8
141.8
143.6
152.1
159.3
165.6
171.3
176.4
181.2
185.6
189.7
193.5
197.1
200.6
203.9
207.1
210.1
213
215.9
221.2
226.1
230.8
235.2
239.5
1.725
1.455
1.259
1.111
0.9952
0.9016
0.8246
0.7601
0.7052
0.6578
0.6166
0.5804
0.5483
0.5196
0.4939
0.4706
0.381
0.3213
0.2778
0.2448
0.2189
0.1961
0.1806
0.1664
0.1541
0.1435
0.1343
0.1262
0.119
0.1126
0.1068
0.1016
0.0925
0.0849
0.0784
0.728
0.068
99.09
104.25
108.74
112.73
116.33
119.62
122.65
125.46
128.08
130.55
132.88
135.08
137.18
139.18
141.09
142.92
151.11
158.08
164.17
169.61
174.53
179.04
183.2
187.08
190.71
194.13
197.36
200.43
203.35
206.14
208.81
211.38
216.23
220.75
224.99
228.98
232.76
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
0.5797
0.6875
0.7942
0.8999
1.005
1.109
1.213
1.316
1.418
1.52
1.622
1.723
1.824
1.925
2.025
2.125
2.621
3.112
3.6
4.085
4.568
5.049
5.53
6.01
6.488
6.967
7.446
7.925
8.405
8.886
9.366
9.846
10.81
11.78
12.75
13.72
14.7
TEMP (º C)SP. VOL. OF
STEAM (M³/KG)
SP. WT. OF STEAM (KG/M³)
ENTHALPY OF WATER
(KCAL/KG)
ENTHALPY OF STEAM
(KCAL/KG)
LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
(KCAL/KG)
638.5
640.3
642
643.5
644.7
645.8
646.8
647.8
648.7
649.5
650.3
650.9
651.6
652.2
652.8
653.4
655.8
657.8
659.4
660.8
662
663
663.9
664.7
665.4
666
666.6
667.1
667.5
667.9
668.2
668.5
668.9
669.3
669.5
669.6
669.7
539.4
536
533.1
530.6
528.2
525.9
523.9
522
520.2
518.5
516.9
515.3
513.8
512.4
511
509.8
503.7
498.5
493.8
489.5
485.6
481.8
478.3
475
471.9
468.9
466
463.2
460.4
457.8
455.2
452.7
447.7
443.2
438.7
434.4
430.2
Saturated Steam Table
SUDE56 Engineering Manual SDTORK
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
To Obtain by Multiply
10.7639-36.944x10
1
27878490
10763867
1
0.0006452
0.0929
2589999
1000.000
Number of Square Meters
Square Inches
Square Feet
Square Miles
Square Kilometers
1 square meter = 10000 square centimeters.
1 square millimeter = 0.01 square centimeter = 0.00155 square inches.
1549.99
1
144
…
…
Square Meters Square Inches Square Feet Square Miles
-7 3.861x10-102.491x10-83.587x10
1
0.3861
SquareKilometers
--6 1x10-106.452x10
-89.29x10
2.59
1
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE
0.147
0.154
0.179
0.191
0.2
0.218
0.276
0.3
0.337
0.375
0.432
0.5
0.528
0.724
0.935
1.256
1.476
1.913
2.289
2.864
3.326
4.767
5.709
7.565
1/2"
3/4"
1"
1¼"
1½"
2"
2½"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"
0.84
1.05
1.315
1.66
1.9
2.375
2.875
3.5
4
5.563
6.625
8.625
INSIDE DIAMETER (IN.)
OUTSIDE DIAMETER (IN.)
WALL THICKNESS (IN.)
To Obtain byMultiply Number of
0.6818
0.01136
1
2.237
0.03728
0.6214
1
0.01667
1.467
3.280
0.05468
0.9113
Feet per Second
Feet per Minute
Miles per Hour
Miles per Second
Meters per Minute
Kilometers per Hour
60.00
1
88.00
196.9
3.281
54.68
Feet perSecond
Feet perMinute
Miles perhour
Miles perSecond
0.3048
0.005080
0.4470
1
0.01667
0.2778
Meters perMinute
18.29
0.3048
26.82
60.00
1
16.67
Kilometers per Hour
1.097
0.01829
1.609
3.600
0.06000
1
Area Conversions
Velocity Conversions
Schedule 80 Thermoplastic Pipe Standards
SUDE 57Engineering ManualSDTORK
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
To obtain byMultiple Number of
102.0
1
0.4536
0.01410
1
0.009807
0.004448
0.0001383
Kilonewtons
Kilogram Force
Pound Force
Poundals
KilonewtonsKilogram
forcePound Force Poundals
224.8
2.205
1
0.03108
7233
70.93
32.17
1
Force Conversions
To obtain byMultiple
1000
1
16.02
27.680
1
0.001000
0.01602
27.68
Grams per milliliter
Kilogram per cubic Meter
Pounds per Cubic Foot
Pounds per Cubic Inch
Grams per milliliter
Kilogram per cubic Meter
Pounds per Cubic Foot
Pounds per Cubic Inch
62.43
0.06243
1
1728
0.03613
0.00003613
0.0005787
1
kgm
ft-lb
PS
HP
KW
PS
HP
lt-lb-p.sec.
kcal
B.T.U.
kgm
ft-lb
B.T.U.
B.T.U.p.lb
B.T.U.p.sq.in.
B.T.U.p.sq.ft
B.T.U.p.cu.in
B.T.U.p.cu.ft
From
kcal
kcal
kcal/s
kcal/s
kcal/s
kw
kw
kw
kwh
kwh
kwh
kwh
kcal
kcal/kg
kcal/cm2
kcal/m2
kcal/m3
kcal/m3
To
0.0023425
3.2386 x 104
0.1757
0.1781
0.2390057
0.7351
0.7452926
0.0013551
0.0011628
2.9289 x 10-4
2.7225 x10-6
3.7647 x 10-7
0.252
0.5556
0.0391
2.712
0.01538
8.899
Multiply By
From To Multiply By
426.9
3087.8
5.692
5.6148
4.184
1.3604
1.341755
737.97
860
3412.74
367.310
2 656 700
3.9683
1.8
25.59
0.3686
65.02
0.1124
Density Conversions
General Heat Conversons
SUDE58 Engineering Manual SDTORK
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
Force & Velocity
lb.p.ft
lb.p.yd
tonp.sq.in(Britain)
tonp.sq.in(USA)
lb.p.sq.in
lb.p.sq.ft
lb.p.sq.yd
lb.p.cu.in
lb.p.cu.ft
lb.p.cu.yd
ft.p.min.
cu.ft.p.min
ft.lb
ft.ton(Britain)
ft.ton(USA)
B.T.U.
ft.lb.p.sec.
HP
HP
PS/h
HP/h
PS
KW
m.p.h.
m.p.h.
m.p.s.
yd.p.h.
HP
From
kg/m
kg/m
kg/mm2
kg/mm2
kg/cm2
kg/m2
kg/m2
kg/cm3
kg/m3
kg/m3
m/s
m3/h
kgm
kgm
kgm
kgm
kgm/s
kgm/s
PS
kgm
kgm
kgm/s
kgm/s
mm/s
knots
knots
knots
kcal/s
To
1.488
0.496
1.575
1.406
0.07031
4.883
0.5425
0.0277
16.018
0.5933
0.00508
1.699
0.1383
309.7
276.5
107.6
0.138255
76.04
1.0139
270 000
273750
75
102.03
0.27778
0.00054
1.94386
0.000494
0.1781
Multiply By
From To Multiply By
0.672
2.016
0.635
0.7112
14.223
0.2048
1.843
36.1271
0.0624
1.6855
196.851
0.5885794
7.233
0.003229
0.003617
9.2956x103
7.233
0.013151
0.9863
3.7037x10-6
3.6529x10-6
0.01333
0.0098013
3-6
1852
0.51444
2025-35
5.6148
Temperature Conversions
0( C X 9/5) + 32
( C + 273.16)
( F - 32)X5/9
( F + 459.69)
0
0
0
Degrees Fahrenheit
Kelvin
Degrees Celsius
Degrees Rnkin
Degrees Celsius
Degrees Celsius
Degree Fehrenheit
Degree Fehrenheit
To Substitue in FormulaTo Convert From
SUDE 59Engineering ManualSDTORK
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
UK ton/h UK tonne/h
WATER3m /h
1
3.60
0.060
3600
0.272
0.227
101.9
1.02
1.005
1/m
16.66
60
1
60.000
4.546
3.785
1698
17
16.7
3m /s(Cumec)
0.00028
0.001
1.666x10-5
1
0.000 0757
0.000 0630
0.0283
0.000283
0.000 278
UK gpm
3.666
13..2
0.2199
13.200
1
0.833
374
3.73
3.666
US gpm
4.40
15.83
0.264
15.800
1.2
1
449
4.48
4.41
(cuses)
0.00981
0.0353
0.000588
35.315
0.002 267
0.002 23
1
0.010
0.0098
0.982
3.528
0.059
3532
0.268
0.223
100
1
0.980
1.000
3.60
0.060
3600
0.272
0.227
101.9
1.02
1
1/s
0.278
1
0.0167
1000
0.0757
0.0632
28.32
0.283
0.278
1m3/h
11/s
11/m
1 m3/s
1 UK gpm
1 us gpm
1ft3/s
1 UK ton/h (water)
1 tonne/h (water)
Length Conversions
To obtain By MultiplyNumber of Meters Inches Feet Millimeters Miles Kilometers
1
0.0254
0.3048
0.001
1609.35
1.000
39.37
1
12
0.03937
63.360
39.370
Meters
Inches
Feet
Millimeters
Miles
Kilometers
3.2808
0.0833
1
0.0032808
5.286
3280.83
1000
25.4
304.8
1
1609.350
1.000.000
0.0006214
0.00001578
0.0001894
0.0000006214
1
0.62137
0.001
0.0000254
0.0003048
0.000001
1.60935
1
l
lTo convert metric units merely adjust the decimal point
l1 milimeter = 1000 microns = 0.03937 inches = 39.37 mils
1 meter = 100 centimeters = 1000 milimeters = 0.001 kilometers = 1,000.000 micrometers
To Obtain byMultiplyNumber of
Cubic Decimetrers
(Litres)
CubicInches
Cubic Feet
U.S. Quart
U.S. Gallon
Imperial Gallon
U.S. Barrel(Petroleum)
0.264178
0.004329
7.48055
0.25
1
1.20032
42
0.220083
0.003606
6.22888
0.2082
0.833
1
34.973
0.00629
0.000103
0.1781
0.00595
0.02381
0.02877
1
1
0.01639
28.317
0.94636
3.78543
4.54374
158.98
Cubic Decimetrers(Litres)
Cubic Inches
Cubic Feet
U.S. Quart
U.S. Gallon
Imperial Gallon
U.S. Barrel
(Petroleum)
61.0234
1
1728
57.75
231
277.274
9702
0.03531
5.787x10
1
0.03342
0.13368
0.16054
5.6146
1.05668
0.1732
29.9221
1
4
4.80128
168
1 cubic meter = 1,000,000 cubic centimeters
1 liter = 1000 milliliters = 1000 cubic centimeters
Volume Conversions
SUDE60 Engineering Manual SDTORK
Capacity And Flow Rate
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDESUDE
Nominal Bore
Flange Diameter
Both Tables
Class 125 Cast iron
Both Tables
Class 150
Steel
1/16" Raised Face Diam.Class 150 Steel Only
Number of Bolts Both
Tables
size of BoltsBoth
Tables
Bolt Circle Diameter
Both Tables
31 /8"
111- /16"
2"
2 ½""
72 /8"
53 /8"
14 /8"
5"
36- /16"
57- /16"
8 ½"
100"
12 ¾"
15"
16 ¼"
18 ½"
21"
23"
27 ¼"
4*
4*
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
16
16
20
20
½"
½"
½"
½"
½"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
¾"
¾"
¾"
7/8"
7/8"
1"
1"
11 /8"
11 /8"
1 ¼"
3 ½"*
73 /8"*
4 ¼"
54 /8"
5"
6"
7"
7 ¼"
9"
10"
11"
13 ½"
16"
19"
21"
23 ½"
25"
27 ½"
32"
*
*
7/16"
½"
9/16"
5/8"
11/16"
¾"
15/16"
15/16"
1"
11 /8"
31- /16"
1 ¼"
31 /8"
71- /16"
91- /16"
111- /16"
71 /8"
-
-
7/16"
½"
9/16"
5/8"
11/16"
¾"
½"
¾"
1"
1 ¼"
1 ½"
2"
2 ½"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
2 3/8"*
2 ¾"
13 /8"
3 ½"
73 /8"
4 ¾"
5 ½"
6"
7 ½"
8 ½"
9 ½"
11 ¾"
14 ¼"
17"
18 ¾"
21 ¼"
22 ¾"
25"
29 ½"
Volumetric Rate Of Flow Conversions
To Obtain byMultiplyNumber of
Liters per
second
Liters per
Minute
CubicMeters
perHour
CubicFeet per
Hour
Gallons per
Minute
ImperialGallons
perMinute
U.S. Gallons
perMinute
21.19
0.03532
0.5886
0.01667
1
0.1606
0.1337
0.003899
13.20
0.2200
3.666
0.1038
6.229
1
0.8327
0.02428
15.85
0.2642
4.403
0.1247
7.481
1.201
1
0.02917
1
0.1667
0.2778
0.007865
0.4719
0.07577
0.06309
0.001840
Liters per Second
Liters per Minute
Cubic Metersper Hour
Cubic Feetper Hour
Cubic Feet perMinute
Imperial Gallons per minute
U.S. Gallons perminute
U.S. Barreals per Day
60
1
16.67
0.4719
28.32
4.546
3.785
0.1104
3.600
0.06000
1
0.02832
1.6999
0.2727
0.2271
0.006624
127.1
2.119
35.31
1
60.00
9.633
8.021
0.2339
U.S. Barrelsper day
(42 US Gai)
543.4
9.057
150.9
4.275
256.5
41.17
34.29
1
Class 125 Cast Iron and Class 150 Steel Raised Face Flanges
Includes raised face on class 150 steel only
* There are no standards for ½" and ¾" sizes class 125 cast iron
1/16"
SUDE 61Engineering ManualSDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Class 250 Cast Iron and Class 300 Steel Raised Face Flanges
Nominal Bore
Flange Diameter
Both Tables
Flange Thickness Class
250 C.I. and class 300 steel
1/16" Raised Face DiameterNumber of Bolts Both
Tables
size of BoltsBoth
Tables
Bolt Circle Diameter
Both Tables
31 /8"
111- /16"
2
2 ½”
72 /8"
53 /8"
14 /8"
5"
36- /16"
57- /16"
8 ½"
510 /8"
12 ¾'
15"
16 ¼"
18 ½"
21"
23"
27 ¼"
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
16
16
20
20
24
24
24
½"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
¾"
5/8"
¾"
¾"
¾"
¾"
¾"
7/8"
1"
11 /8"
11 /8"
1 ¼"
1 ¼"
1 ¼"
1 ½'
3 ¾"
54 /8"
74 /8"
5 ¼"
16 /8"
6 ½"
7 ½"
8 ¼"
10"
11"
12 ½"
15"
17 ½"
20 ½"
23"
25 ½
28"
30 ½”
36"
9/16"
5* /8"
11/16"
¾"
13/16"
7/8"
1"
11 /8"
1¼"
31 /8"
71- /16"
51 /8"
71 /8"
2"
12 /8"
2 ¼"
32 /8"
2 ½"
2 ¾"
*
*
112- /16"
13- /16"
93- /16"
34- /16"
154- /16"
115- /16"
156- /16"
58- /16"
119- /16"
1511- /16"
114- /16"
716- /16"
1518- /16"
121- /16"
523- /16"
925- /16"
530- /16"
½"
¾"
1"
1 ¼"
1 ½”
2"
2 ½"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
52 /8" *
3 ¼"
3 ½"
73 /8"
4 ½"
5"
75 /8"
56 /8"
77 /8"
9 ¼"
510 /8"
13"
15 ¼"
17 ¾"
20 ¼"
22 ½"
24 ¾"
27"
32"
Class250 cast iron
Class 300 Steel
* There is no standard for Class 250 Cast Iron Flanges in ½” and ¾” sizes.
The standards for sizes ½” to 3” inclusive are identical with those of Class 600
Class 400 Steel Raised Face Flanges
Nominal Size
Flange Diameter
Flange Thickness
1/4" Raised Face Diameter
Number of Bolts
size of Bolts
Bolt Circle Diameter
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
16
16
20
20
24
24
24
½"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
¾"
5/8"
¾"
¾"
7/8"
7/8"
7/8"
1"
1 1/8"
1 ¼"
1 ¼"
31 /8"
31 /8"
1 ½"
1 ¾"
3 ¾"
54 /8"
74 /8"
5 ¼"
16 /8"
6 ½"
7 ½"
8 ¼"
10"
11"
12 ½"
15"
17 ½"
20 ½"
23"
25 ½"
28"
30 ½"
36"
9/16"
5* /8"
11/16"
13/16"
7/8"
1"
11 /8"
1 ¼"
31 /8"
1½"
51 /8"
71 /8"
12 /8"
2 ¼"
32 /8"
2 ½"
52 /8"
2 ¾"
3"
*½"
*¾"
*1"
*1 ¼"
*1 ½"
*2"
*2 ½"
*3"
4"
5"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
52 /8"
3 ¼"
3 ½"
73 /8"
4 ½"
5"
75 /8"
56 /8"
77 /8"
9 ¼"
510 /8"
13”
15"
17 ¼"
20 ¼"
22 ½"
24 ¾"
27"
32"
31 /8"
111- /16"
2"
2 ½"
72 /8"
5 3 /8"
14 /8"
5"
36 - /16"
57 - /16"
8 ½"
510 /8"
12 ¾"
15"
16 ½"
18 ½"
21"
23"
27 ¼"
SUDE62 Engineering Manual SDTORK
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Class 600 Steel Raised Face Flanges
Nominal Size
Flange Diameter
Flange Thickness
1/4" Raised Face Diameter
Number of Bolts
Size of Bolts
Bolt Circle Diameter
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
16
20
20
20
20
24
24
½"5/8"5/8"5/8"
¾"5/8"
¾"
¾"7/8"
1"
1"11 /8"
1 ¼"
1 ¼"31 /8"
1 ½"51 /8"51 /8"71 /8"
3 ¾"54 /8"74 /8"
5 ¼"16 /8"
6 ½"
7 ½"
8 ¼"
10 ¾"
13"
14"
16 ½"
20"
22"
23 ¾"
27"
29 ¼"
32"
37"
9/16"
0"11/16"13/16"
0"
1"
10"
1 ¼"
1 ½"
1 ¾"
10"32- /16"
2 ½"
20"
2 ¾"
3"
3 ¼"
3 ½"
4"
½"
¾"
1"
1¼"
1½"
2"
2½"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
52 /8"
3 ¼"
3 ½"73 /8"
4 ½"
5"75 /8"56 /8"
8 ½"
10 ½"
11 ½"
13 ¾"
17"
19 ¼"
20 ¾"
23 ¾"
25 ¾"
28 ½"
33"
31 /8"111- /16"
2"
2 ½"72 /8"53 /8"14 /8"
5"36- /16"57- /16"
8 ½"51 /8"
12 ¾"
15"
16 ½"
18 ½"
21"
23"
27 ¼"
Nominal Pipe Size
Flange Diameter
Both Tables
Flange Thickness
Cast Iron‘D' and ‘E'
Both Tables
S
Cast Steel, Bronze, Stainless Steel, ‘Monel'
‘D' Both Tables
Number of Bolts Size of Bolts
‘E'Both
Tables‘E'
Diameter of Bolt CircleBoth
Tables‘E' ‘D' ‘D'
Pipe Flanges - Tables "D" and "E"
SUDE 63Engineering ManualSDTORK
7/8"
1"
31 /8"
1 ½"
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
12
12
12
16
16
16
½"
½"
½"
5/8"
5/8"
¾"
¾"
¾"
7/8"
7/8"
7/8"
1"
1"
11 /8"
1 ¼"
1 ¼"
31 /8"
1 ½"
1 ½"
51 /8"
½"
¾"
1"
1 ¼"
1 ½"
2"
2 ½"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
21"
24"
5/8"
5/8"
¾"
7/8"
½"
½"
½"
½"
½"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
¾"
7/8"
7/8"
7/8"
7/8"
1"
¾"
¾"
7/8"
1"
4
8
12
52 /8"
72 /8"
3 ¾"
73 /16"
73 /8"
4 ½"
5"
5 ¾"
7"
8 ¼"
9 ¼"
11 ½"
14"
16"
18 ½"
20 ½"
23"
25 ¼"
26 ½"
29 ¾"
3/8"
3/8"
3/8"
½"
½"
9/16"
9/16"
9/16"
11/16"
11/16"
11/16"
1"
1"
11 /8"
1 ¼"
8
12
16
3 ¾"
4"
4 ½"
4 ¾"
5 ¼"
6"
6 ½"
7 ¼"
8 ½"
10"
11"
13 ¼"
16"
18"
20 ¾"
22 ¾"
25 ¼"
27 ¾"
29"
32 ½"
¾"
7/8"
31 /8"
1 ½"
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SUDE
SUDESUDE
Pipe Flanges - Tables "F" and "H"
SUDE64 Engineering Manual SDTORK
Nominal Pipe SizeNominal Pipe Size
Flange Diameter Flange Diameter Flange Thickness Flange Thickness
3 ¾"
4"
4 ¾"
5 ¼"
5 ½"
6 ½"
7 ¼"
8"
9"
11"
12"
14 ½"
17"
19 ¼"
21 ¾"
24"
26 ½"
29"
30"
33 ½"
½"
¾"
1"
1¼"
1½"
2"
2½"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
21"
24"
4½"
4½"
Cast Steel, Bro-nze, Stainless Steel, ‘Monel'
Cast Steel, Bro-nze, Stainless Steel, ‘Monel'
‘F'‘F' ‘H'‘H'
Number of Bolts
allTables
Number of Bolts
allTables
Size of BoltsSize of Bolts
Both Tables
Both Tables ‘H'‘H'
Diameter of Bolt CircleDiameter of Bolt Circle
‘F'‘F'
½"
½"
½"
5/8"
5/8"
¾"
¾"
¾"
7/8"
1"
1"
1 1/8"
1 1/8"
1 1/8"
1 3/8"
1 3/8"
1 ½"
51 /8"
51 /8"
1 ¾"
‘H'‘H'‘F'‘F'
CastIron'‘F'
CastIron'‘F'
BothTable
s
BothTable
s‘H'‘H'‘F'‘F'
BothTablesBoth
Tables
3/8"
3/8"
3/8"
½"
½"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
¾"
7/8"
7/8"
1"
1"
11 /8"
1 ¼"
1 ¼"
31 /8"
1 ½"
1 ½"
51 /8"
½"
½"
9/16"
11/16"
11/16"
¾"
¾"
7/8"
1"
1 1/8"
1 1/8"
1 ¼"
1 3/8"
1 ½"
1 5/8"
1 ¾"
1 7/8"
2"
2 1/8"
2 ¼"
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
16
16
20
20
24
24
24
½"
½"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
5/8"
¾"
¾"
¾"
7/8"
7/8"
1"
1"
11 /8"
11 /8"
11 /8"
1 ¼"
5/8"
5/8"
52 /8"
52 /8"
73 /16"
73 /8"
14 /8"
5"
5 ¾"
6 ½"
7 ½"
9 ¼"
10 ¼"
12 ¾"
15"
17 ¼"
19 ½"
21 ¾"
24"
26 ½"
27 ½"
30 ¾"
3 ¼"
3 ¼"
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDE R
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company
CAT# 19 / QTY: 300 PAGES: 68 (4+64) CLR : BLACK, 1 Common Colour Blue (Watermark)
SUDE
SUDE ENGINEERING CORPORATION
No. 1106, 10th Main Road, R.P.C. Layout,
Near R.P.C. Layout Bus Stop, Hampinagar,
Bangalore - 560 104. Karnataka, India
Pune Office :
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An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company
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