ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2019 · Mahabharata and Ramayana, local folklore and abstract themes....
Transcript of ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2019 · Mahabharata and Ramayana, local folklore and abstract themes....
1 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 9) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES – 2019
GENERAL STUDIES - 9
Answer Key
Ans:1)(b) Explanation: Champaner - Pavagadh
Archaeological Park
The park is located in the Panchmahal district of Gujarat.
It was inscribed as the World Heritage Site in 2004.
The city of Champaner was founded during the time of the Rajput king Vanraj Chavda of
the Chavda dynasty in the 8th century.
The archaeological park comprises Hindu and Jain temples and several mosques, along with
citadels, a palace, military structures and
stunning water installations.
Most of the temples date back to 14-15th centuries, with the oldest from 10th century
which is the Shaivite Lakulisa temple.
The park may derive its name from: 1. Pavagadh hill that is made of reddish-yellow
coloured stones, one of the oldest rock
formations found in the country.
2. Pigmentation of the igneous rocks of the
Pavagadh Hill is often compared to the
‘champaka’ flower or that resemble the flames of fire from which it derives the name
Champaner for the town.
The most interesting feature of the city is its water installation system which is why it is
also called as the ‘city of thousand wells’.
Ans:2)(d) Explanation: Khongjom battle day
Manipur observes ‘Khongjom Day’ in commemoration of the Anglo-Manipur War of
1891 every year on 23rd April.
The 1891 armed conflict was the last battle fought between the Kingdom of Manipur and
the British Empire.
Manipur lost the war and this marked the beginning of British rule in the then princely state.
The Manipur government has been observing April 23 as ‘Khongjom Day’ every year.
The battle was fought in Kheba Hill of Khongjom in Thoubal district.
Ans:3)(d)
Explanation: Kangara fort
The Kangara fort is located on a steep hill about 20 km from Dharamsala in Himachal
Pradesh.
It occupies a narrow strip of land between the the Banganga and Majhi river.
The kot (fort) was earlier called Nagarkot or fort of the city or Kot Kangra.
It was built by the royal Rajput family of Kangra State (the Katoch dynasty).
The highest point in the fort is occupied by the palace courtyard.
Below the palace courtyard there is a large courtyard containing the stone carved
temples of Laxmi Narayan, Ambika Devi and
the Jain Temple.
Ans:4)(a)
Explanation: Anandibai Gopalrao Joshi
At a time when the British ruled India, Anandibai Gopalrao Joshi became India’s
first woman doctor.
Joshi was born in Kalyan (in present-day Maharashtra) on March 31, 1865.
At the age of nine, she was married to Gopalrao Joshi, who renamed her as Anandi.
Her husband supported education for women and he encouraged Joshi to pursue
education.
Anandibai Joshi from India, Kei Okami from Japan, and Tabat M.Islambooly from
Ottomon/Syria were students in Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania.
All three were the first woman from their respective countries to obtain a degree in Western medicine.
Ans:5)(a)
Explanation:
Channapatna toys are a particular form of wooden toys and dolls.
The toys are manufactured in the small town of Channapatna in the Ramnagar district of Karnataka.
In Kannada, the place is known as Gombegala nagara which means “town of
toys”.
The work involved lacquering the wood of the Wrightia tinctoria tree or Aale mara (ivory-
wood).
It was given Geographical Indication Tag. Ans:6)(d)
Explanation: Tholu Bommalata
It is Andhra Pradesh's shadow theatre which has a rich and strong tradition.
The puppets are large in size and have jointed waist, shoulders, elbows and knees.
They are coloured on both sides and throw colour shadows on the screen.
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The music is dominantly influenced by the classical music of the region.
The theme of the puppet plays are drawn from the Ramayana, Mahabharata and
Puranas.
The skin of wild animals including the antelope and the spotted deer was used to
make puppet.
Now the skin of Goats is used to make the puppets, as the hunting of deer is banned.
Ans:7)(b)
Explanation: Yangli festival
Tiwa tribe’s people celebrate Yangli festival.
It is celebrated in Assam’s Karbi Anglong.
Yangli is an important festival for the Tiwas because of its relation to agriculture, a main
source to their economy.
During Yangli the Tiwas pray for a bountiful harvest as well as protection for their crops
against pests and other harmful natural calamities.
They celebrate Yangli every three years.
Sowing of paddy starts immediately after this festival.
Ans:8)(d)
Explanation: Gyetongba
A trove of more than 600 pages of rare Tibetan manuscripts with Buddha’s teachings written in gold letters has been restored at a
100-year-old monastery in Alubari in West
Bengal’s Darjeeling district.
Restoration of the gold-inlaid manuscripts in two volumes at the Mak Dhog Monastery
started recently.
The manuscripts contain the ancient Tibetan text called Gyetongba, which contains teachings of Buddhism.
The manuscripts are in the Tibetan script Sambhota, named after its inventor.
The restoration work is being done by the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural
Heritage (INTACH).
One volume of the manuscript contained 322 pages, the other had 296 pages and each
volume contains 8,000 verses.
The manuscript was brought to darjeeling from Helambu in Nepal in the early 18th
century.
The monastery was built in 1914 to foster peace and eventually the manuscripts were
kept here.
Ans:9)(d)
Explanation: Jonbeel Mela
The Jonbeel Mela, held from 18-20 January 2018, usually takes place a few days after
Magh Bihu, the harvest festival, in Dayang
Belguri in Morigaon district in Assam.
A cluster of tribes celebrate this centuries-old ‘mela’ that still functions on the barter system.
The Jonbeel lake that lends its name to the fair (jon is moon and beel is lake) also
witnesses community-fishing during the fair.
Jonbeel Mela is organized by the Tiwa community, with participants from the Tiwa,
Karbi, Khasi and Jaintia communities, from
the interiors of the state’s Morigaon and Karbi Anglong districts, as well as some border
villages of Meghalaya.
No one knows exactly when the fair started but some of the medieval buronjis (historical
chronicles maintained by Ahoms) refer to it as
a venue for diplomacy.
Ans:10)(a)
Explanation: Baduli Kurung
Baduli Kurung is a bat cave in the Bamuni hill, 17 km south of Nagaon town in central
Assam.
It is home to a number of colonies of both fruit- and insect-eating bats.
The people believe that the bats watch over the hills that provide them firewood and a
life-saving spring (much of the groundwater
in the area is contaminated with fluoride),
which flows out of the cave.
From 2001, locals began hosting the three-day Badulithaan Mela, starting 24 hours after
Sivaratri.
Ans:11)(d)
Explanation: Ashtapadiyattam
Vice-President re-launched the ancient dance drama 'Ashtapadiyattam' based on 'Gita
Govindam' believed to be penned by 12th
century poet Jayadeva, at a function in Kerala.
It is called Ashtapadis (Ashta- 8) as the Gita Govinda has couplets grouped into eights.
So the name Ashtapadi + attam (Dance), a dance –drama based on Ashtapadi
Jayadeva’s Gita Govindam classic encompasses a unique mix of classical
literature, classical music and classical
dance.
Gita Govindam’s unusually wide appeal comes from the story of Sri Krishna and his
love for Radha.
The performance of the Gita Govinda at Puri Jagannath by the Mahatis and later by the
Goutipas was has been seen as the origin of
Oddissi dance forms.
In 1985, the dance-drama celebrating the
mythological Radha-Krishna love sought to make a comeback when chenda maestro
Kalamandalam Krishnankutty Poduval
presented Ashtapadiyattam on a few
platforms. Now, an art outfit has no doubt
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that the Radha-Krishna love story merits stage portrayal in Kerala.
Ans:12)(d)
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy
India's most celebrated social reformer Raja Ram Mohan Roy, remembered best as the "father of the Indian Renaissance" was born
on May 22, 1772.
He was born in Radhanagar village in Murshidabad district of West Bengal.
He was a staunch supporter of monotheism.
He also shunned the orthodox Hindu rituals and idol worship right from the childhood.
In his first book "Tuhfat al-muwahhidin” he advocated for reason in religion and opposed
ritualism.
He opposed "Sati", the regressive practice that
forced a widow to immolate herself on husband's pyre.
In 1828, Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the "Brahmo Samaj", which is said to be one of
the first Indian socio-religious reform
movements.
Ans:13)(a)
Explanation: Central Institute of Indian
Languages
The Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) at Mysore is a subordinate office of the
Ministry of Human Resource Development.
It was set up in 1969 to help in evolving and implementing the language policy of Government of India.
It was also to coordinate the development of Indian Languages by conducting research in
the areas of language analysis, language
pedagogy, language technology and language
use in the society.
CIIL gives away the Bhasha Bharati Samman Award every year for Authors of works or books written in any Indian language in the
Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
For promotion of its objectives, CIIL organizes a number of programs, some of which are:
1. Development of Indian Languages
2. Regional Language Centers (RLCs)
3. Grant in Aid Scheme 4. National Testing Service
Ans:14)(a)
Explanation: Pelican Festival
Kolleru hosted Pelican Festival at the Atapaka bird sanctuary earlier this year.
The Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in the country.
More than 5,000 spot-billed pelicans, also known as grey-headed pelicans, visited the
lake.
The birds roost, breed and fly with their young ones during the winter season in the region.
Kolleru is the nesting place for many migratory birds.
It is located between the delta of Godavari and Krishna River.
Similarly a three-day annual Flamingo Festival was held at Pulicat Lake and
Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh.
Ans:15)(b)
Explanation: Bodhisena
The oldest documented Indian resident in Japan, and arguably the most influential,
was Bodhisena.
He was a monk from Madurai, Tamil Nadu.
His outsized impact on Japanese culture persists even some 1,300 years after he
docked on the archipelago’s shores.
Bodhisena came to believe that Manjushri (the bodhisattva of wisdom) lived on the
Chinese mountain of Wutai, and therefore
travelled there to pay obeisance.
He was also called Bodaisenna.
The Indian monk taught Sanskrit and helped establish the Kegon school of Buddhism, a
variant of the Chinese Huayan school.
Buttetsu, a disciple of Bodhisena from Champa taught a style of dance that featured themes taken from Indian mythology.
These dances became known as Rinyugaku and were absorbed into the local artistic
oeuvre.
Ans:16)(d)
Explanation: Sheikh Chilli
Sheikh Chilli was a Sufi saint whose tomb is in Thanesar, Haryana.
He was Mughal Prince Dara Shikoh’s spiritual advisor.
Thanesar was a well-known centre of the Sufi Chishti silsila.
The tomb is situated in the Old Trunk Road.
In the middle of the complex there is a shallow tank.
Galleries are found around the tank and they were used as madarasa which is a place to
study.
Ans:17)(d)
Explanation: Chhau Dance
Recently the distinctive Chhau mask of Purulia, West Bengal was given the
Geographic Indication tag.
The traditional rural craft of making masks is an integral component of the semi-martial art dance form of Chhau.
Chhau dance is a tradition from eastern India that enacts episodes from epics including the
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Mahabharata and Ramayana, local folklore and abstract themes.
Its three distinct styles hail from the regions of Seraikella (Jharrkhand), Purulia (West
Bengal) and Mayurbhanj (Odisha), the first
two using masks.
Chhau dance is intimately connected to regional festivals, notably the spring festival Chaitra Parva.
The dance is performed at night in an open space to traditional and folk melodies, played
on the reed pipes ''mohuri'' and ''shehnai.''
In 2010 the Chhau dance was inscribed in the UNESCO's Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Ans:18)(d)
Explanation:
The Bamiyan valley is enclosed by the Hindu Kush Mountains, which is located in
Afghanistan.
The valley lies on the ancient Silk Route and hence, witnessed several developments.
It was an important hub for trade and served as the site for early Hindu-Buddhist settlements from which it takes its name.
Several Buddhist monasteries, caves and Buddha statues can be found across the
valley.
The Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley comprise
eight separate sites spread across the valley
and its tributaries.
Of these, the Bamiyan cliffs where once two giant Buddhas stood are the most famous.
The valley is a UNESCO world heritage site.
Ans:19)(c)
Explanation:
Warli is a tribal art form that was mostly created by the Adivasis of the Western Ghats.
The Warli tribe, which does these paintings, is one of India’s largest tribes located on the outskirts of Mumbai.
These artists used to use the clay walls of their huts as a canvas for their paintings.
These paintings use a set of geometric shapes – circle, triangle and square.
This comes from the tribe’s observation of nature as circle represents the sun and the
moon, while the triangle represents the
mountains and pointed trees.
The square on the other hand is a human invention, indicating a sacred piece of land or
enclosure.
The Warli artists use only a white paste made out of rice paste and water.
Artists use a bamboo stick which is chewed at the end to give it a paintbrush like texture.
In ritual Warli paintings, walls are painted only to celebrate special occasions like harvest or weddings
Ans:20)(d)
Explanation:
Rani Rashmoni was the founder of the Dakshineswar Kali Temple, Kolkata, and remained closely associated with Sri
Ramakrishna Paramhansa after she
appointed him as the priest of the temple.
The Rani and her clashes with the British in India became household tales in her time. By
blocking the shipping trade on a part of
Ganges she compelled the British to abolish the tax imposed on fishing in the river, which
threatened the livelihood of poor fishermen.
A member of a wealthy zamindar family. After her husband's death she took charge of the
zamindari and finances.
Rani Rashmoni, being very pious from childhood, continued to lead an extremely
religious and austere life.
She is well known for her religious and numerous charitable works and other
contributions to society.
Ans:21)(b)
Explanation:
Ambubachi Mela is a four-day fair to mark the annual menstruation of the goddess at Kamakhya temple in Nilachal Hills in
Guwahati, Assam.
Kamakhya temple is one of 51 shaktipeeths or seat of Shakti followers.
Shakti peeth is originated based on the story of the death of goddess Sati.
God Shiva who held her dead body, then started his dance of destruction, causing
Sati's body to disintegrate and fall into pieces.
The sites where these portions of Sati goddess fell, are the Shakti peeth.
Kamakhya temple’s sanctum sanctorum houses the yoni - female genital symbolised
by a rock.
Ambubachi Mela is also considered as an occasion to promote awareness on menstrual
hygiene.
This ritualistic fair is one of the reasons why the taboo associated with menstruation is less in Assam compared with other parts of
India.
Four Major Shakthi Peeths in India - Jagannath Temple, Puri; Kamakhya Temple
near Guwahati; Dakshina Kalika in Kolkata;
Tara Tarini near Brahmapur, Odisha.
Ans:22)(c)
Explanation: Kalamkari or vrathapani from
Andhra Pradesh demonstrates the variety of
natural materials used to create a work of art.
5 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 9) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Kalamkari means “pen work” in Persian and refers to both printed and painted cloth. In
the seventeenth century Persian influences
led to artists experimenting with the depiction
of trees, fruits, flowers and ornamental birds.
The painting is made exclusively with a pen, the kalam made out of a bamboo sliver
wound at one section with wool and then
dyed with natural colours. Black ink is used
to make outlines, and jaggery, rusted iron
filings and water are used for making colours
to fill in details.
Ans:23)(c)
Explanation: Chitrakathi: 'Chithra' is
painting and 'Katha' is story. The tradition of
telling the mythical and historical stories was alive on the Maharashtra/Karnataka border
and in parts of Andhra Pradesh.
Pattachitra is one of the oldest forms of
artwork found in Orissa, Patachitra (also
spelled as Pattachitra) art is fascinating,
depicts Hindu mythological tales and wonders.
Kavads of Rajasthan is a traditional visual
story telling device. It is a portable wooden
temple/shrine that has visual narratives on
its multiple panels that are hinged together. These panels open and close like doors
simulating the several thresholds of a temple.
The visuals are those of Gods, goddesses,
saints, local heroes and the patrons.
Ans:24)(a) Explanation: It is similar to Bharatnatyam in
the use of Mudras and postures to express
emotions. The Tribhanga posture, i.e. the
three-bended form of the body is innate to
Odissi dance form. Odissi dance form is unique in its representation of gracefulness,
sensuality and beauty. The dancers create
intricate geometrical shapes and patterns
with here body. Hence, it is known as ‘mobile
sculputre’. ‘Atavakul or Atavus’ is the
collection of fourty basic dance movements, is a feature of Mohiniattam dance and not
Odissi dance.
Ans:25)(d)
Explanation: Jallikattu: Jallikattu is a rural bull-taming sport played in Tamil Nadu on
Mattu Pongal day (mid-January)
Kambala: Kambala is an annual buffalo race
held between November and March by the
farming community in Karnataka's Dakshina
Kannada and Udupi districts Maramadi: At the annual Maramadi festival
during the post-harvest season in the villages
of Kerala in southern India, a peculiar bull
race takes place
Bailgada Sharyat: Bullock-cart racing has been a popular tradition in some parts of
Maharashtra known as ‘Bailgada Sharyat’ or ‘Shankarpat’ in various parts of the state.
Ans:26)(b)
Explanation: A steatite seal discovered at
Mohenjo-daro depicts a human figure or a deity seating cross-legged. The figure, referred
to as Pashupati wears a three-horned
headgear and is surrounded by animals. An
elephant and a tiger are there on the right
side of the figure while a rhinoceros and a
buffalo are seen on the left side. Two antelopes are shown below the seat of the
figure.
Ans:27)(c)
Explanation: The Harappans used a large variety of materials, from precious metals and
gemstones to bones and even baked clay, to
make ornaments.
Beads made from cornelian, amethyst,
quartz, steatite, copper were quite popular
and were produced on a large scale, as is evident from the factories discovered in
Chanhudaro and Lothal.
Ans:28)(c)
Explanation: The correct matched pairs are: Set A Set B
1. Piprahwa Stupa a) Uttar Pradesh
2. Sarnath Pillar b) Uttar Pradesh
3. Sanchi Stupa c) Madhya Pradesh
4. Nagarjuni Caves d) Bihar
Ans:29)(b)
Explanation: Pottery making has been in
practice since Harappan Age.
Pottery of the Mauryan period is generally
referred to as Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) or painted grey ware. They were
characterised by the black paint and highly
lustrous finish and were generally used as
luxury items. They have often been referred to
as the highest level of pottery.
Ans:30)(d)
Explanation: Some of the features of Nagara
style are:
The temples generally followed the Panchayatan style of temple making.
Presence of assembly halls or mandaps in front of the principal shrine.
There were no water tanks or reservoirs present in the temple premises.
The temples were generally built on upraised platforms.
The porticos had a pillared approach.
The Shikharas were generally of three types: o Latina or Rekha-prasad
o Phamsana
o Valabhi
6 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 9) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
The vertical end of the shikhara ended in a horizontal fluted disc, known as the Amalak. On top of that, a spherical shape was placed
known as the kalash.
Ans:31)(d)
Explanation: Some of the features of Indo-Islamic architecture are given as follows:
The use of arch and domes gained prominence during this period. It was known
as ‘arcuade’ style of architecture and replaced
the traditional Trabeat style of architecture.
The Islamic rulers introduced the use of minars around the mosques and the
mausoleums.
Arabesque method was also used for decoration. Arabesque meant the use of
geometrical vegetal ornamentation and was
characterised by a continuous stem which
split regularly, producing a series of
counterpoised, leafy, secondary stems.
The buildings had intricate jaali works, which signifies the importance of light in Islamic religion.
The Islamic rulers introduced the Charbagh style of gardening, in which a square block
was divided into four adjacent identical
gardens.
The architectures of these times also used the pietra-dura technique for the inlay of
precious stones and gems into the stone walls.
Ans:32)(a)
Explanation: Vesara School is also known as
the Karnataka school of architecture, it flourished under the later Chalukya rulers in
the mid-seventh century A.D. It combined
features of both Nagara school and Dravidian
school and resulted in a hybridised style.
Some of its features are:
Emphasis on vimana and mandapa
Open ambulatory passageway
The pillars, doorways and the ceilings were decorated with intricate carvings. Example: Dodda Basappa temple at Dambal,
Ladkhan temple at Aihole, temples at
Badami, etc.
Meenakshi temple in Madurai belongs to
Nayaka School of architecture.
Brihadeswara Temple in Tanjore belongs to Dravidian Style.
Lingaraj Temple in Bhubaneshwar belongs to
Nagara School (Odisha Style)
Ans:33)(d) Explanation: The works on the walls of a
solid structure are referred to as Murals.
These have existed in India since ancient
times and can be dated between 2nd century
BC and 10th century AD. The evidence of
such paintings can be found in at several locations in India. The beauty and the
exquisiteness of mural paintings are seen in
places like Ajanta, Armamalai Cave, Ravan
Chhaya Cave shelter, Bagh, Sittanavasal and
Kailasanatha temple in Ellora. The paintings follow a theme, the most
common being Hindu, Buddhist and Jain.
Such paintings were also made to adorn any
mundane premise. An example of such a
work can be seen in the ancient theatre room
in Jogimara Cave.
Ans:34)(b)
Explanation: Madhubani paintings are
traditionally done by the women of villages
around Madhubani town, it is also called Mithila paintings.
The paintings have a common theme and the
ususally drawn from religious motifs of the
Hindus, including Krishna, Rama, Durga,
Lakshmi and Shiva. The figures in the
painting are symbolic, for example, fish depicts good luck and fertility.
The paintings are made depicting auspicious
occasions like birth, marriage and festivals.
Flowers, trees, animals, etc. are used to fill
any gaps in the painting. Since the art has remained confined to a
specific geographical area, it has been given
GI (geographical indication) status.
Ans:35)(d)
Explanation: The two distinct schools of Indian classical music evolved:
Hindustani music : practiced in the northern parts of India.
Carnatic music : practiced in the southern parts of India.
The Hindustani branch of music focuses
more on the musical structure and the
possibilities of improvisation in it. The Hindustani branch adopted a scale of Shudha
Swara Saptaka or the ‘Octave of Natural
notes’.
There are ten main styles of singing in
Hindustani music like the ‘Dhrupad’, ‘Dhamar’, ‘Hori’, ‘Khayal’, ‘Tappa’,
‘Chaturang’, ‘Ragasagar’, ‘Tarana’, ‘Sargam’
and ‘Thumri’.
Ans:36)(a)
Explanation: Some of the features of Mohiniattam are :
Mohiniattam combines the grace and elegance of Bharatnatyam with the vigour of
Kathakali.
Mohiniattam generally narrates the story of the feminine dance of Vishnu.
7 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 9) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
The Lasya aspect of dance is dominant in a Mohiniattam recital. Hence, it is mainly performed by female dancers.
The tribhanga posture, i.e. the three-bended
form of the body is innate to Odissi dance
form.
Ans:37)(c)
Explanation: UNESCO’s List of Intangible
Cultural Heritage of India
Cultural Heritage Year of
Inclusion
Kumbh Mela 2017
Nowrouz 2016
Yoga
Traditional brass and
copper craft of utensil making among the
Thatheras of Jandiala
Guru, Punjab, India
2014
Sankirtana, (singing,
drumming and dancing)
ritual of Manipur
2013
Buddhist chanting of
Ladakh: recitation of sacred Buddhist texts in the trans-
Himalayan Ladakh region,
Jammu and Kashmir,
(India)
2012
Chhau dance 2010
Kalbelia folk songs and
dances of Rajasthan
Mudiyettu, ritual theatre and dance drama of Kerala
Ramman, religious festival
and ritual theatre of the
Garhwal Himalayas, India
2009
Kutiyattam, Sanskrit
theatre
2008
Ramlila, the traditional
performance of the Ramayana
Tradition of Vedic chanting
Ans:38)(a)
Explanation: Just as the Nile created Egypt
and supported its people, so also the Indus
created Sindh and fed its people. The Indus
people sowed seeds in the flood plains in November, when the flood water receded, and
reaped their harvests of wheat and barley in
April before the advent of the next flood.
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) was a
Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what
today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan
and northwest India, lasting from 3300 BCE
to 1300 BCE, and in mature form between
2600 BCE and 1900 BCE.
Ans:39)(b) Explanation: In the sphere of decoration, the
Turks eschewed (avoided) representation of
human and animal figures in the buildings.
Instead, they used geometrical and floral
designs, combining them with panels of inscriptions containing verses from the
Quran. Thus, the Arabic script itself became
a work of art. The combination of these
decorative devices was called Arabesque.
They also freely borrowed Hindu motifs such
as the bell motif, swastika, lotus, etc. Thus, like the Indians, the Turks were intensely
fond of decoration.
Ans:40)(a)
Explanation: Mystics, who are called Sufis, had risen in Islam at a very early stage.
Some of the early Sufis, such as the woman
mystic Rabia eighth century AD and Mansur
bin Hallaj tenth century AD, laid great
emphasis on love as the bond between God
and the individual soul. But their pantheistic approach led them into conflict with the
orthodox elements who had Mansur executed
for heresy. Despite this setback, mystic ideas
continued to spread among the Muslim
masses. Sufis were organised in 12 orders or Silsilahs.
The silsilahs were generally led by a
prominent mystic who lived in a khankah or
hospice along with his disciples. The link
between the teacher or pir and his disciples
or murids was a vital part of the Sufi system. Every pir nominated a sucessor or wali to
carry on his work.
The monastic organisation of the Sufis, and
some of their practices such as penance,
fasting and holding the breath are sometimes traced to the Buddhist and Hindu yogic
influence.
Ans:41)(d)
Explanation: The Mughals built magnificent
forts, palaces, gates, public buildings, mosques, baolis (water tank or well), etc.
They also laid out many formal gardens with
running water.
Babur was very fond of gardens and laid out
a few in the neighbourhood of Agra and Lahore.
Akbar was the first Mughal ruler who had the
time and means to undertake construction on
a large scale. He built a series of forts, the
most famous of which is the fort at Agra.
Built in red sandstone, this massive fort had many magnificent gates. The climax of fort
building was reached at Delhi where Shah
Jahan built his famous Red Fort.
In 1572, Akbar commenced a palace-cum-fort
complex at Fatehpur Sikri, 36 kilometres from Agra, which he completed in eight years.
8 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 9) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Built atop a hill, along with a large artificial lake, it included many buildings in the style
of Gujarat and Bengal. These included deep
eaves, balconies, and fanciful kiosks. In the
Panch Mahal built for taking the air, all the
types of pillars used in various temples were employed to support flat roofs.
Ans:42)(d)
Explanation: The history of the later Vedic
period is based mainly on the Vedic texts
which were compiled after the age of the Rig Veda. The collections of the Vedic hymns or
mantras were known as the Samhitas. The
Rig Veda Samhita is the oldest Vedic text, on
the basis of which we have described the
early Vedic age. The Atharva Veda contains chants and spells
to ward off evils and diseases. Its contents
throw light on the beliefs and practices of the
non-Aryans. The Vedic Samhitas were
followed by the composition of a series of
texts known as the Brahmanas. These are full of ritualistic formulae and explain the social
and religious aspects of rituals. All these later
Vedic texts were compiled in the upper
Gangetic basin in circa 1000-600 B.C.
Ans:43)(c)
Explanation: Jainism taught five doctrines
(1) do not commit violence, (2) do not speak a
liea, (3) do not steal, (4) do not acquire
property and (5) observe continennce
(brahmacharya). It is said that only the fifth doctrine was added by Mahavira, the other
four being taken over by him from previous
teachers.
Ans:44)(c) Explanation: Ashokan Edicts: We can
reconstruct the history of Asoka on the basis
of his inscriptions. He is the first Indian king
to speak directly to the people through his
inscriptions. They were engraved on rocks, on
polished stone pillars mounted by capitals and in the caves. They are found not only in
the Indian subcontinent but also in Kandhar
in Afghanistan. These inscriptions are in the
form of 44 royal orders, and each royal order
has several copies. The inscriptions were composed in Prakrit language, and written in
the Brahmi script throughout the greater part
of the empire. But in the north-western part
they appear in Kharosthi script, and in
Kandhar in Afghanistan they were written
even in Aramaic, in Greek script and Greek language. These inscriptions were generally
placed on ancient highways. They throw light
on the career of Asoka, his external and
domestic policies, and the extent of his
empire.
Ans:45)(c) Explanation: The material culture of the
Deccan under the Satavahanas was a fusion
of local elements and northern ingredients.
The megalith builders of the Deccan were
fairly acquainted with the use of iron and agriculture. Although before circa 200 B.C,
we find some hoes made of iron, the number
of such tools increased substantially in the
first two or three centuries of the Christian
era. There has not been much change in the
form of hoes from megalithic to the Satavahana phase.
The people of the Deccan knew the art of
paddy cultivation. They also produced cotton.
Ans:46)(a) Gupta rulers issued silver coins known as the
“rupaka”. These coins have been found in
most of the northern parts of the country and
maximum number in Bharatpur of
Rajasthan.
Ans:47)(c)
Explanation: The Vijayanagar kingdom was
founded by Harihara and Bukka who
belonged to a family of five brothers.
According to a legend, they had been the feudatories of the Kakatiyas of Warangal and
later became ministers in the kingdom of
Kampili in modern Karnataka.
Ans:48)(d)
Explanation: The Dancing Girl is the world’s oldest bronze sculpture. Found in Mohenjo-
daro, this four inch figure depicts a naked girl
wearing only ornaments, which include
bangles in the left arm, and amulet and
bracelet on the right arm. She stands in a ‘tribhanga’ dancing posture with the right
hand on her hip.
Ans:49)(c)
Explanation: Nagarjunkonda: This town is
located in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh and was earlier known as
‘Vijaypura’. It was a very well known and
important Buddhist pilgrimage centre during
the ancient period. It is also geographically
set on prime land near the Krishna River. The current name of Nagarjunakonda is derived
from ‘Nagarjuna’ who was a very famous
Buddhist monk.
Ans:50)(a)
Explanation: Kalaripayattu : One of the oldest martial arts in India, Kalaripayattu,
although practiced in most parts of southern
India, originated in the state of Kerala in the
4th century A.D. This art form includes mock
duels (armed and unarmed combat) and physical exercises.
9 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 9) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Silambam : Silambam, a kind of staff fencing, is a modern and scientific martial art
of Tamil Nadu. The kings that ruled in Tamil
Nadu, including Pandya, Chola and Chera,
had promoted it during their reign.
Thang-ta : Created by the Meitei people of Manipur, Thanga-ta is an armed martial art
that finds its mention in the most lethal
combat forms.
Thoda : Originating in the state of Himachal
Pradesh, Thoda is a mixture of martial arts,
sport and culture. It takes place during Baisakhi (13th and 14th April) every year. A
number of community prayers are done so as
to invoke the blessings of Goddesses Mashoo
and Durga, the pincipal deities.
Ans:51)(a)
Explanation:
Mahayana Hinayana
They believed in an
Eternal Buddha who
will live forever and is
like a God who is
unending.
They considered
Buddha to be mortal
and his teachings
were ethical values
that defined the way humans should live.
They followed the
Boddhisattva concept
of salvation of all
conscious individual.
Followed the
Theravada doctrine,
which emphasised
the salvation of an
individual.
Ans:52)(d)
Explanation: The first century CE onwards,
Gandhara (now in Pakistan), Mathura in
northern India and Vengi in Andhra
Pradeshemerged as important centres of art production. Buddha in the symbolic form got
a human form in Mathura and Gandhara.
The sculptural tradition in Gandhara had the
confluence of Bactria, Parthia and the local
Gandhara tradition. The local sculptural
tradition at Mathura became so strong that the tradition spread to other parts of northern
India. The best example in this regard is the
stupa sculptures found at Sanghol in the
Punjab. The Buddha image at Mathura is
modelled on the lines of earlier Yaksha images whereas in Gandhara it has
Hellenistic features.
Ans:53)(c)
Explanation: The Ajanta Caves are 30
(approximately) rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments which date from the 2nd century
BCE to about 480 CE in Aurangabad district
of Maharashtra state of India.
The Ajanta Caves constitute ancient
monasteries and worship-halls of different
Buddhist traditions carved into a 250-feet wall of rock. The caves also present paintings
depicting the past lives and rebirths of the Buddha, pictorial tales from Aryasura's
Jatakamala, and rock-cut sculptures of
Buddhist deities.
Ajanta has twenty nine caves. It has four
chaitya caves datable to earlier phase, i.e. second and first century BCE and the later
phase i.e. the fifth century. It has large
chaitya-viharas and is decorated with
sculptures and paintings. Ajanta is the only
surviving example of the paintings of the first
century BCE and the fifth century CE.
Ans:54)(d)
Explanation: The eightfold path, although
referred to as steps on a path, is not meant
as a sequential learning process, but as eight aspects of life, all of which are to be
integrated in everyday life. Thus the
environment is created to move closer to the
Buddhist path.
The eightfold path is at the heart of the
middle way, which turns from extremes, and encourages us to seek the simple approach.
The eightfold path is Right Understanding,
Right Intent, Right Speech, Right Action,
Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right
Mindfulness, and Right Concentration.
Ans:55)(d)
Explanation: Dharmachakra Mudra:
Bhumisparsa Mudra:
Varada Mudra:
10 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 9) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Ans:56)(a)
Explanation: The United States and Israel
have formally quit the UNESCO recently. It
followed alleged allegations that UNESCO
criticized Israel's policies of East Jerusalem's occupation and the grant of full-time
membership to Palestine in defiance of the
American and Israeli pressure.
Ans:57)(c) Explanation: Lakhon khol is a sister dance
drama mask theatre from of Thailand’s khon
mask theatre. It was recently listed by
UNESCO, as an intangible cultural heritage,
along with Thailand’s Khon. It had begun in
the early Angkor era. Java is the home of
several mask theatre and dance traditions, which are commonly referred to as wayang topeng
Ans:58)(d)
Explanation: There are five Hill Rails in India
1. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR) 2. Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR)
3. Kalka Shimla Railway (KSR)
4. Matheran Light Railway(MLR)
5. Kangra Valley Railway (KVR)
Of these five, 1st three are part of the UNESCO world Heritage list.
Ans:59)(d)
Explanation: Makaravilakku festival is the
most important event in the two-month-long
annual festival season. Makara jyothi is a star that appears in the sky on Makara
Samkramam on the first day of the
Malayalam month of Makaram. Makara
vilakku is a light lit at Ponnambalamedu, a
plateau across the Sabarimala shrine. This ritual is done after the Sirius star appears in
the sky. This ritual had been done by Malaya
araya tribals in the past. When the
Travancore Devaswom Board took over the
administration of the Sabarimala temple in
the early 1950s, the tribal community lost that right.
Ans:60)(c) Explanation: Bhogali Bihu or Magh Bihu is
celebrated during the month of January in
Assam. It marks the end of the harvest
season. It also coincides with the celebrations
of Pongal and Makar Sankranti in many states. Magh Bihu is the second largest Bihu
festival of Assam after Bohag Bihu. In a year
Assamese celebrate three different kinds of
Bihu festival that is:
1. Bohag Bihu in the middle of April month
2. Maagh Bihu in the middle of January month 3. Kaati Bihu in the middle of October month
Ans:61)(c)
Explanation: Kumbh Mela, in Hinduism, is a
religious pilgrimage that is celebrated four times over a course of 12 years. The Mela site
keeps rotating between one of the four
pilgrimages on four sacred rivers as listed
below:
1. Haridwar on the Ganges in Uttarakhand
2. Ujjain on the Shipra in Madhya Pradesh 3. Nashik on the Godavari in Maharashtra
4. Prayagraj (Allahabad) at the confluence of the
Ganges, the Yamuna, and the mythical
Sarasvati in Uttar Pradesh.
Ans:62)(b)
Explanation: Mudiyettu is a ritualistic
dance drama from Kerala. It is a community
ritual in which the entire village participates.
It is based on the mythological tale of a battle
between the goddess Kali and the demon Darika. It is performed in the Bhadrakali
temples of Central Kerala. Mudiyettu found a
place in the UNESCO’s intangible heritage list
in 2010. Mudiyettu serves as an important
cultural site for transmission of traditional values, ethics, moral codes and aesthetic
norms of the community to the next
generation, thereby ensuring its continuity
and relevance in present times.
Ans:63)(d) Explanation: Sangeet Natak Akademi (SNA)
the National Academy of Music, Dance and
Drama will launch the second phase of the
Web Campaign ‘SANJHI –MUJH MEIN
KALAKAR’. It is an initiative to document and promote the Intangible Cultural Heritage
(ICH) and diverse cultural traditions of the
country by direct public-participation. This is
a unique talent search where the participant
will showcase their talent in the fields of
music, dance, drama, puppetry, folk and tribal arts, culinary skills, painting, sculpture
etc.
Ans:64)(b)
Explanation: Budithi Brass Craft are the products made out of alloy like brass at
11 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 9) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Budithi, a village in Srikakulam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was
registered as one of the geographical
indication handicraft from Andhra Pradesh.
The art form expresses itself as traditional
cooking utensils and also in forms that suit contemporary needs - like flower pots and
planters. Usually made of brass, the objects
have patterns that are geometric, with
straight lines and curves forming simple and
striking presentations. Etikoppaka toys or
Etikoppaka Bommalu are famous for its toys made of wood.
Ans:65)(c)
Explanation: Rio will be the first city to
receive the title of World Capital of Architecture for 2020 under a programmer
launched together by UNESCO and the
International Union of Architects (UIA) in
November 2018. Rio as one of the oldest cities
in Brazil has a mix of modern and colonial
architecture, with world-renowned sites.
Ans:66)(c)
Explanation: Chowmahalla Palace in
Hyderabad is restored to its grandeur by
painstaking conservation work. The place is named chowmahalla, which means four
palaces (not Four-story). The palace is located
in the old city in Hyderabad near the
Charminar. The magnificent Chowmahalla
Palace was the seat of the Asaf Jahi dynasty.
This is the palace where the Nizams entertained their official guests and royal
visitors.
Ans:67)(b)
Explanation: Folk and classical dances presented by Tableaux Artists who
participated in Republic Day Parade are:
Tamil Nadu presented the Karakkatam folk
dance,
Taakala Folk Dance was performed by artists
from Maharashtra. Jammu Kashmir performed the Fusim Dance
Gujarat performed Misra Raas,
Hudka Chhudka from Uttarakhand and
Bhangra from Punjab.
Ans:68)(c)
Explanation: Folk and classical dances
presented by Tableaux Artists who
participated in Republic Day Parade from
North Eastern states of Arunachal Pradesh,
Assam, Sikkim and Tripura are Monpa, Satoiya Nitya, Tamang Seto and Mamita folk
dances respectively.
Ans:69)(d)
Explanation: The Pithora painting form is traditionally performed on walls inside the
homes of the Rathvas tribal community of Gujarat. Pithora painting is a part of an
elaborate ritual performed to complete vows
to gain the boon of the chief god of the
Rathvas, Baba Pithora. In times of difficulty,
Rathva with the help of chief priest, home owner and Lakhara (individual who paints
Pithora) performs the painting rituals. The
completion of the painting would signify the
end of the ritual and fulfillment of the vow,
and is followed by a village dinner.
Ans:70)(a)
Explanation: Kurumbas are the tribe who
live in the mid-ranges of the Nilgiris. The
Kurumba art is traditionally practiced by only
either by the male members of the temple caretakers, or priest to the Kurumba village.
The women of the family contribute to the
decorations at home. Often it is painted on
the outer wall of the temple and the house.
Eluthu paarai is an ancient 3000-year-old
rock-painting site of Kurumbas in the Kothagiri region of the Nilgiris.
Ans:71)(b)
Explanation: Four museums were
inaugurated on Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s Jayanti. All 4 museums have been
named as Kranti Mandir among which three
associated to freedom struggle:
1. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian
National Army
2. Yaad-e-Jallian Museum ( Jallianwala Bagh and World War 1)
3. Museum on 1857- India’s First War of
Independence and
Drishyakala Museum: This museum
showcases the best of Indian art and culture via four historical exhibitions that span over
three centuries and 450 works of art,
including those by artists Raja Ravi Varma,
Amrita Sher-Gil, Rabindranath Tagore,
Abaniindranath Tagore and Jamini Roy. It is
also the part of Kranti Mandir. 'Samantha Express' is a special tourist train
covering prominent places associated with
chief architect of the Indian Constitution Dr
B.R. Ambedkar and Gautam Buddha.
Ans:72)(b)
Explanation: Banabhatta besides
Harshacharita, wrote Kadambari.
Mahendravaraman-I composed the Sanskrit
play Mattavilasaprahasanam. Perundevanar
was patronized by Nandivarman-II and he translated the Mahabharata as
Bharathavenba in Tamil. The Jain literature
flourished under the patronage of the
Rashtrakutas. Amogavarsha-I’s, teacher
Jinasena composed Parsvabhudaya.
12 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 9) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
Ans:73)(d) Explanation: The Ghatika at Pallava’s capital
Kanchi attracted students from all parts of
India and abroad. The Nayanmars and
Alwars composed religious hymns in Tamil.
The Devaram composed by Nayanmars and the Nalayradivyaprabandam composed by
Alwars represent the religious literature of the
Pallava period.
Ans:74)(c)
Ans:75)(b)
Explanation:
Qutub Minar- Built during the time of Qutubuddin Aibak (1206-1210). It was
completed by Iltutmish. Built in memory of
Sufi Saint Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki.
Tughlaqabad Fort- Built by Mohammed Bin Tughlaq (1320-25). He captured power from
the last king of Khilji dynasty.
Bada Gumbad in Lodhi Garden in Delhi was constructed in 1490 CE, during the reign of
the Lodhi dynasty. Its construction is
attributed to Sikandar Lodhi.
Fathepur Sikri - Built by Akbar between 1571 to 1585.
Ans:76)(a)
Explanation: Tamil epic, the
Silappadikaram, was composed by a poet
named Ilango, around 1800 years ago. It is
the story of a merchant named Kovalan, who lived in Puhar and fell in love with a
courtesan named Madhavi, neglecting his
wife Kannagi. Puhar located, in modern day
Cauvery river basin.
Ans:77)(b)
Ans:78)(c)
Explanation: After consolidating their
position in India, the Delhi Sultans
introduced reforms in the land revenue administration. The lands were classified into
three categories:
1. Iqta land – lands assigned to officials as iqtas
instead of payment for their services.
2. khalisa land – land under the direct control of the Sultan and the revenues collected were
spent for the maintenance of royal court and
royal household.
3. Inam land – land assigned or granted to
religious leaders or religious institutions.
Ans:79)(a)
Explanation: Many foreign travelers visited
the Vijayanagar Empire and their accounts
are also valuable. The Moroccan traveler, Ibn
Battuta, Italian traveler Nicolo de Conti, Persian traveler Abdur Razzak and the
Portuguese traveler Domingo Paes were among them.
Francois Bernier was a French physician and
traveller. He was a personal physician to
Mughal Prince Dara Shikoh and was later
attached to the court of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb for about 12 years of his stay in
India.
Ans:80)(c)
Explanation: Balban adopted the policy of
‘Blood and Iron’. This was done to deal with some of the Rajput zamindars who had defied
the government and set up forts in the area.
It was during Firuz Tughlaq that jizyah
became a separate tax. Earlier, it was a part
of land revenue. Alauddin Khalji was the first Sultan to pay his soldiers in cash. Earlier, the
Turkish soldiers were assigned a number of
villages in the doab for the payment of their
salaries. But Alauddin Khalji abolished these
holdings.
Ans:81(d)
Explanation: Dhatugarbita, Paribodhaka and
Uddeshika are the types of Stupas:
Dhatugarbita – Stupas containing relics of
Buddha Paribodhaka – Stupas built on articles used
by monks
Uddeshika – Built as a token of gratitude on
fulfilment of a desire
Ans:82)(d) Explanation: Man Sagar Lake is an artificial
lake, situated in Jaipur, the capital of the
state of Rajasthan in India. It is named after
Raja Man Singh, the then ruler of Amer, who constructed it in c. 1610 by damming the
Dharbawati river. The Jal Mahal is situated
in the middle of the lake.
There is the Nahargarh Fort (Nahargarh
meaning home of tigers) in the hills that
provides a commanding view of the Man
Sagar Lake and the Jal Mahal palace, in addition to a beautiful view of the city of
Jaipur. The lake was created by constructing
a dam across the Darbhawati River, between
Khilagarh hills and the hilly areas of
Nahargarh, in the 16th century.
Ans:83)(d)
Explanation: Economy in the Rig Vedic
period was sustained by a combination of
Pastoralism and agriculture. There are
references, in the Rig Veda, to leveling of field, seed processing, and storage of grains in
large jars.
War booty was also a major source of wealth.
Economic exchanges were conducted by gift
giving, particularly to kings (bali) and priests (dana), and barter using cattle as a unit of
13 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 9) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
currency. While gold is mentioned in some hymns, there is no indication of the use of
coins.
Panis in some hymns refers to merchants, in
others to stingy people who hid their wealth
and did not perform Vedic sacrifices. Some scholars suggest that Panis were Semitic
traders, but the evidence for this is slim.
Professions of warriors, priests, cattle–
rearers, farmers, hunters, barbers, vintners
and crafts of chariot–making, cart–making,
carpentry, metal working, tanning, making of bows, sewing, weaving, making mats of grass
and reed are mentioned in the hymns of Rig
Veda. Some of these might have needed full–
time specialists.
Metallurgy is not mentioned in the Rig Veda, but the word ayas and instruments made
from it such as razors, bangles, axes are
mentioned.
Ans:84)(a)
Explanation: The Shunga dynasty introduced the idea of torans as beautifully
decorated gateways to the stupas. The torans
were intricately carved with figures and
patterns and were evidence of Hellenistic
influence. Bharhut stupa is in Madhya Pradesh and the toran at Sanchi stupa is in
Madhya Pradesh.
Ans:85)(a)
Explanation: Heavy influence of Greek. It is
also known as Indo-Greek art. Early Gandhara school used bluish-grey sandstone
while the later period saw the use of mud and
stucco. Mainly Buddhist imagery, influenced
by the Greco-Roman pantheon.
Ans:86)(d)
Ans:87)(d)
Explanation: ASI is directly under the aegis
of the Union Ministry of Culture and it is the
foremost institution for archaeological research conducted across India. Its focus is
on the preservation of physical and tangible
heritage that is accumulated in the ancient
monuments and archaeological sites. The ASI
also has several diplomas and degrees for studying archaeology from the Institute of
Archaeology in New Delhi.
Ans:88)(c)
Explanation: Prakrit is a term which is
loosely attached to any language from the standard one, i.e. Sanskrit. Pali is usuall
used to indicate the archaic or old form of
Prakrit and it combines several existing
dialects. These languages gained prominence
when religious literature of the Buddhists and Jains were composed in this language.
Ans:89)(d) Explanation: Jains believe that through
three-jewels : right belief, right knowledge
and right conduct, one can get rid of bad
karma and also pull themselves out of cycle
of rebirth and achieve salvation. Anekantavada is a doctrine of Jainism. It
emphasizes that the ultimate truth and
reality is complex, and has multiple-aspects.
Hence, there exits non-absolutism that
means no single, specific statement can
describe the nature of existence and the absolute truth.
Ans:90)(c)
Explanation: The Kharosthi script is an
ancient script used in ancient Gandhara. It is a sister script of Brahmi and was deciphered
by James Princep again. Kharosthi is mostly
written right to left but some inscriptions also
show the left to right direction of Kharosthi.
Ans:91)(b) Explanation: The chola king Rajendra I was
the son of RajaRaja Chola. After his armies
crossed the Ganga and defeated two local
kings he assumed the title
‘Gangaikondachola’.
Ans:92)(b)
Explanation: Shivaji was helped by the
Ashtapradhan (eight ministers) which was
unlike a council of ministers for there was no
collective responsibility. Each minister was directly responsible to him.
Chauth was one-fourth of the land revenue
paid to the Marathas so as not be subjected
to Maratha raids. Sardeshmukhi was an
additional levy of 10% on those lands of Maharashtra over which the Marathas
claimed hereditary rights, but which formed
part of the Mughal Empire.
Ans:93)(d)
Explanation: At ‘Vaishali’, Alara Kalama (Sankhya philosopher) taught the techniques
of meditation and the teaching of Upanishads
to Gautam Buddha.
At ‘Rajgriha’, Udraka Ramputra taught him to
achieve the highest level of meditation. At last, at the age of 35, Gautam Bhudha
attained nirvana at ‘Bodh gaya ‘in Bihar.
Ans:94)(d)
Explanation: Babur wrote his memoirs,
Tuzuk-i-Baburi in Turki language. It provides a vivid account of India. He frankly confesses
his own failures without suppressing any
facts.
Sher Shah introduced new silver coins called
“Dam” and they were in circulation till 1835.
14 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 9) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487
His revenue reforms increased the revenue of the state.
Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system in
his administration. Under this system every
officer was assigned a rank (mansab). The
lowest rank was 10 and the highest was 5000 for the nobles. Princes of royal blood received
even higher ranks.
Ans:95)(d)
Explanation: The first Buddhist Council was
held at Rajagraha under the chairmanship of Mahakasapa immediately after the death of
Buddha. Its purpose was to maintain the
purity of the teachings of the Buddha. The
second Buddhist Council was convened at
Vaisali around 383 B.C, under the patronage of King Kalasoka and the presidency of
Sabakami. The third Buddhist Council was
held at Pataliputra under the patronage of
Asoka. Moggaliputta Tissa presided over it.
The final version of Tripitakas was completed
in this council. The fourth Buddhist Council was convened in Kashmir by Kanishka under
the chairmanship of Vasumitra. Asvagosha
participated in this council. The new school of
Buddhism called Mahayana Buddhism came
into existence during this council. The
Buddhism preached by the Buddha and propagated by Asoka was known as
Hinayana.
Ans:96)(b)
Explanation: Balban introduced Sijdah (prostration) and Paibos (kissing the feet of
the sultan in the court) as the normal form of
salutation for the Sultan. He introduced the
festival of Nauroz. These customs left the
nobility and visitors utterly humbled, terro-
stricken and dumb. He also maintained a dazzling durbar on the Persian model which
became famous throughout Central Asia for
its splendor and magnificence.
Ans:97)(d) Explanation: Bhand Pather is a folk theatre
of Jammu and Kashmir.
Ans:98)(b)
Explanation: Ropar is in the state of Punjab.
Ans:99)(c)
Explanation: Golkonda was under Qutub
Shahi Dynasty
Ans:100)(c)