Alicia Culver Green Purchasing Institute [email protected] Purchasing for Climate...
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Transcript of Alicia Culver Green Purchasing Institute [email protected] Purchasing for Climate...
Alicia Culver Green Purchasing Institute
Purchasing for
Climate ProtectionGreen Schools Summit 2008
Anaheim, CA ● December 8, 2008
Global Temperatures Rising
Source: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, January 11, 2008
Source: Washington State Dept of Ecology; www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/effects.htm
Energy needed to manufacture product Energy consumed using product GHGs released by product during useEnd-of-life GHG emissions
– when product is landfilled, incinerated, recycled
How do products have climate change impact?
Transportation
Transportation Sector = Largest GHG Emitter
Accounts for ~1/3 of all CO2 emissions nationwide
Source: Energy Information Administration, www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/flash/flash.html
Sustainable Bus Fleets
Sustainable Biofuels?Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels is developing an international standard: http://cgse.epfl.ch/page65660-en.html
Key criterion: Sustainable biofuels reduce GHGs (measured using consistent criteria)
Slow Transport
Transportation by ship is most efficientRail Freight is a close second Road Transport: 4X more CO2 than Rail)Air Freight is worst:
6X more CO2 than road; 30X > rail
Local PurchasingWin Win Reduces GHG emissions in the
transport sector Strengthens local economy by creating
“green” collar jobs and increasing tax revenue
Facility Energy Use
Source: US Department of Energy; http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/ChartView.aspx?chartID=1
Buildings account for:
• 70% of electricity consumption
• 39% of energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
Energy-Efficient Lamps and Ballasts
Reduce mercury from power plants
Decrease # of lamps needed to light spacesSpecify “Super T8s” (SPX, XPS, High-lumen),
T5s and “extra-efficient” ballasts
Set minimum efficiency (lumens/watt) CRI (80+)
Eliminate inefficient lamps, ballasts & fixtures from contracts (T12, mercury vapor, circular T9s)
LEDs
• Exit signs • Traffic signals• Parking lot lights • Hallway lighting• Elevator lights• Replacements for pin-based CFLs• Task and track lighting• Underwater lighting for pools• Pathway lighting (outdoor
lighting)• Holiday lighting
Exit Signs
Incandescent light bulbsInefficient: use about 40 wattsBulbs last about 3000 hours (~4-6 months)
Fluorescent lampsMore efficient than incandescent (5-15 watts)Contain mercury (5-30 mg)Bulbs last about 7,500 -10,000 hours (9-12 months)
LEDsEven more efficient (<1-5 watts)Bulbs last up to 100,000 hours (up to 10 years)
Self-luminescentUse no energy
ENERGY STAR-rated Products List
Appliances: washers, dishwashers, refrigerators, etc.
Heating and cooling equipment: furnaces, boilers, air conditioners, fans, etc.
Lighting equipment: compact fluorescent lamps, fixtures, exit signs, traffic signals, etc.
Office equipment: computers, copiers, printers, etc.
Electronics: telephones, TVs, DVD players, etc.
Miscellaneous: food service equipment, vending machines, windows, etc.
www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bulk_purchasing.bus_purchasing
Federal Energy Management Program
US Dept of Energy’s FEMP runs an Energy Efficient Products Program to help purchasers identify and calculate the life-cycle costs of highly-efficient energy-using products, including:
HVAC equipment Appliances Windows Roofing Electric motors Lighting technologies Office equipment Water-using devices
See: www.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/eeproducts.cfm
Appliances
Commercial ENERGY STAR Appliance
Lifetime (years)
Lifetime CO2
reduction (lbs)
Lifetime energy use reduction
(kWh)
Net Lifetime Savings
($) Hi-Temp Conveyor Dishwasher (400 racks/day) 20 600,000 380,000 $20,000
Hot Food Holding Cabinet (20 ft3, 15 hours/day) 12 171,000 111,000 $6,183
Vending Machine (600 can, with software) 14 38,000 25,000 $1,795
Refrigerator (44 ft3) 12 22,056 14,369 $688 Ice Machine 8 20,000 13,000 $618 Water Cooler (hot/cold water) 10 5,500 3,600 $265 Clothes Washer (18 loads per week) 10 730 474 -
Assumptions: 1 unit each, electricity rate $0.09/kWh, water rate $4.158/1000 gal, gas rate $1.1/thermData based on ENERGY STAR calculators from http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bulk_purchasing.bus_purchasing
EPEAT
Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool
Environmental specifications for computers:23 required and 28 optional criteria across 8 categories
Meet standards for ENERGY STAR (required)Renewable energy accessory available (optional)
www.epeat.net
Printers, Copiers, Scanners & Faxes
ENERGY STAR models use ~1/2 energy of standard models
EPEAT imaging equipment standard in development
Order with duplex function and network capable (instead of individual machines)
Purchase All-in-One units when possibleA single ENERGY STAR multi-function device will reduce ~320 pounds of CO2 over 6 years
vs.
printer scanner copier fax all-in-one
Renewable Energy
Procurement Decisions
• Type: Solar, wind, biomass, hydro, etc.• On-site versus offsite generation• Small scale versus large scale
Water & Energy Linked
Source: California Energy Commission, http://www.energy.ca.gov/2005publications/CEC-700-2005-011/CEC-700-2005-011-SF.PDF
Water-related energy use consumes 19% of California’s electricity, 30% of its natural gas
“The nation’s water & energy use are inextricably entwined. Energy is needed to pump, treat, transport, heat, cool, and recycle water.”
(California Energy Commission)
Running hot water for 5 minutes = 60 watt bulb for 14 hours
Water conservation saves energy at ~60% of cost of energy conservation
Water Sense Label• Third-party tested and meet EPA’s efficiency specifications
• WaterSense certifications exist or are in development for the following product categories: – Bathroom sink faucets (certified for efficiency and adequate flow)
– Landscaping irrigation services (certifies professionals)
– New homes– Showerheads (in development)
– Toilets (certified for performance and efficiency)
– Urinals (in development)
– Weather- or sensor- based irrigation control technologies(Source: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/)
GHGs from Food Production Systems
What matters most is how food is produced
83% of GHG emissions are production relatedMethane from beef and dairy production
11% from transportation
Reducing Municipal “Foodprint” Change practices of cafeterias, concessions, vending
machines, special events, other food service operations Purchase less red meat and dairy; increase chicken, pork,
fish, eggs and veggie proteins Buy organic and/or sustainably grown food Buy local, seasonal, fresh,
unprocessed food; avoid air freighted food
Reduce bottled water and other packaged goods
Reduce food waste; compost whenever possible
Paper Calculator
www.edf.org/papercalculator/
EPA’s Recycled Content (ReCon) Tool
Calculates energy benefits and GHG emissions reductions from purchasing products with recycled content
Available both as a web-based calculator and Microsoft Excel spreadsheet
www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/ReCon_home.html
Metric for Recycled Plastic
One ton of CO2 equivalent is eliminated when purchasing:
4 hexagon-shaped recycled plastic benches (98% postconsumer waste)
15 recycled plastic park benches with backs (98% postconsumer)
100 recycled plastic, 96-gallon wheeled yard waste carts (25% postconsumer)
~25% of trees (by volume) are cut to manufacture paper products
Larger trees can better sequester/fix CO2FSC certifies/lists paper products and
building supplies that are derived from sustainably managed forestsMany products contain recycled content
See www.fscus.org/about_us/
GHGs from Janitorial Maintenance Products
Pressurized “air” dusters often contain chlorodifluoromethane, a potent GHGAlternatives include mini
keyboard vacuums and squeezable bulbs
Some aerosol products contain CO2 as a propellant
How to Pay for Energy-Efficient Products
Life-cycle budgetingRevolving loansUtility rebatesEnergy conservation
service agreementsGrantsCooperative purchasing
Operated by the California Energy Commission, offers free technical assistance to publicly-funded K-12 schools to:– Conduct energy audits– Review equipment specifications– Evaluate design plans and proposals
Bright Schools Program
www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/brightschools/index.html